Unit 4 Friends forever 朋友与友情（单元写作精练）英语外研版必修第一册

Unit 4 Friends forever 朋友与友情主题 单元写作精练 【主题】校园友谊成长类读后续写 【写作词汇短语】 ✅行为类 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.hang out together 一起闲逛 2.apologize for 为…… 道歉 3.make good use of 充分利用 4.pass by 路过 5.calm down 冷静下来 6.reach into one's pocket 伸进口袋 7.hand sth to sb 把某物递给某人 8.take care of /look after 照顾 9.search for 寻找 10.pour … into 把…… 倾注于 11.drift away from 渐渐疏远 12.keep one's promise 信守承诺 ✅心理情绪类 1.in shame 羞愧地 2.in low spirits 情绪低落 3.sympathy n. 同情 4.guilt n. 愧疚 5.gratitude n. 感激 6.relief n. 宽慰 7.hesitation n. 犹豫 8.without hesitation 毫不犹豫 9.melt away （情绪）消散 10.heart beating wildly 心砰砰直跳 11.tears well up in one's eyes 泪水涌上眼眶 【写作句型】 开头句 1.Just then, ... appeared on the path leading to the river, hearing ...'s desperate cries for help. 就在这时，......出现在通往河边的小路上，听到......绝望的呼救。 2.Suddenly, an idea came to .... 突然，......想到一个主意。 3.It seemed as if ... would.... ......似乎快要......了。 4.Slowly ... began to move, approach her and sit by her side. ......慢慢挪动，走到她身旁坐下。 5.To ... surprise, ... gave him a warm welcome. 令......惊讶的是，......给予他热烈欢迎。 中间句 ①现在分词作状语 1.Hearing ...'s desperate cries for help, he rushed over without hesitation, taking off his coat and stretching it out to Peter. 听到...绝望的呼救，他毫不犹豫冲过去，脱下外套伸向彼得。 2.Safe at last, ... hung his head in shame, apologizing for calling... a coward. 终于安全了，......羞愧地低下头，为叫......胆小鬼而道歉。 3.I nodded, relief washing over me.（独立主格） 我点点头，宽慰感席卷全身。 ②定语从句 Just then, Henry, who happened to be passing by, heard the desperate cries. 就在这时，恰巧路过的亨利听到绝望的呼救。 ③让步状语从句 though Though the current was strong, Henry managed to grab Robert's arm and pull him to safety. 尽管水流湍急，亨利设法抓住罗伯特胳膊把他拉到安全地带。 ④宾语从句 I realized how wrong I had been. 我意识到我错得有多离谱。 ⑤with 复合结构 With the words finished, I rose up, turned around, collected the pencils… 说完这些话，我站起身，转过身，收拾铅笔…… 结尾句 1.Henry smiled gently, telling him true courage is helping others, not watching fights. 亨利温柔一笑，告诉他真正的勇气是帮助他人，而不是围观打架。 2.From this experience, I learned that trust is the most important part of friendship. 从这次经历，我懂得信任是友谊最重要的部分。 3.Tom realized true friendship isn't about agreeing on everything — it's about respecting choices and supporting what makes each other happy. 汤姆意识到真正的友谊不是事事苟同，而是尊重选择，支持让彼此快乐的事物。 4.I learned an important lesson: everyone has a special story and something they are good at. If you take the time to observe, you might find a great friend where you least expect it. 我学到重要一课：每个人都有独特故事和长处。花时间去了解，你会在意想不到之处收获挚友。 5.Kimi's kindness and support made Sherry realize that real friends are there for you in both good and bad times. 基米的善意让谢莉明白：真正的朋友无论顺境逆境都会陪伴你。 【写作模板】 通用框架：情节引入（段首句） + 细节描写（动作 / 心理 / 环境，多用非谓语） + 矛盾化解 + 结尾升华感悟 模板 1：单段续写 [给出的段首句], ________(承接情节). Without hesitation, he/she ________(人物行动). Seeing this, ________(对方反应). ________(对话、动作细节). Realizing his/her mistake, sb apologized sincerely. From this experience, sb learned that + 道理（友谊/勇气/善良）. 模板 2：两段式续写 Paragraph 1（情节发展：事件发生、人物行动、心理变化） [题目给定开头句]，____________①（承接上文，看到 / 听到……）。Hearing/Seeing…, sb did sth（非谓语开头写动作）. He/She felt … 描写心理。Sb …（进一步推进事件：施救 / 沟通 / 弥补过错）。 Paragraph 2（矛盾解决 + 感悟升华） [题目给定第二段开头句]，____________________。Sb did …（对方态度转变，道歉 / 原谅）。They hugged each other and made peace. From what happened, sb realized that ________________________________________（主题升华，友谊、勇气、理解、信任）。 范文框架示例 Paragraph1： Just then, ____________________. Hearing the desperate cry, he rushed over without hesitation. He tried his best to help. Nervous but determined, he held out his hand/coat, hoping to pull him out. Paragraph2： Safe at last, ____________________ hung his head in shame. He apologized sincerely for what he had done. Smiling gently, sb forgave him. From the experience, they learned that true courage/friendship lies in ________________________________________. 【原题呈现】 （24-25高一上·广西桂林·期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段结尾，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When I was a pupil, I studied at a girls' school. At that time, in order to get us to know each other as soon as possible, our teacher made all the girls in the class sit next to someone different every week. One day, the teacher asked Shirley, with whom I had never talked, to sit beside me. I wanted to get along well with her, but she was always shy and quiet. Shirley had long, straight brown hair that she often pushed behind her ears. She wore simple, faded dresses that were clearly second-hand. On one of those days, I noticed that Shirley was very upset. I asked her what was wrong. She kept silent for a long time. Finally, she told me that she came from a big family and she had several brothers and sisters. Her father was a hardworking but low-paid laborer and couldn't afford school books for all of the children. Seeing her pain, I couldn't help but say suddenly, “My parents can buy books for all of you.” But she refused, her face turning red with embarrassment. When I came back home, I told my mom the story. Mom said that it was good that I had tried to help, but I should stop worrying about it because there was nothing more that I could do if she had refused my offer to help. A moment later, she recommended that I help Shirley in a way that Shirley might accept. That night, I rolled back and forth in bed, thinking what I should do. 注意： 1.续写词数应为90左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Suddenly, an idea came to me. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【审题构思】 本文以事件发展为线索展开，讲述了作者在女子学校读书时，与害羞内向的同学Shirley成为同桌后，发现她因家庭贫困买不起课本而烦恼。作者提出直接帮忙买书被拒绝后，在母亲的提示下，思考如何以让Shirley能接受的方式提供帮助的故事。 由续写首句内容“突然，我想到了一个主意。” 可知，本段需描写作者想到的具体帮助方法，以及将该方法付诸实践的过程和结果。 1.续写线索 想到旧书——带来学校——说明来意——对方接受——成为朋友 2.词汇激活 行为类 ①记得：remember/keep in mind ②告知：tell/inform ③接受：accept/embrace ④充分利用：make good use of/take advantage of 3.情绪类 ①尴尬的：embarrassed/awkward ② 感激：gratitude/ appreciation 1. 基础审题 体裁：记叙文（校园温情故事续写） 人称：第一人称I（全文统一，视角不变） 时态：一般过去时（核心时态，贯穿续写段落） 核心主旨：用尊重、体贴的方式帮助自卑贫困的同学，收获友谊，传递善意 字数要求：90词左右，情节完整、衔接自然 2. 写作提纲 第一部分（想出办法）：突发灵感，决定赠送自己闲置的旧书本，规避直接捐助的尴尬，照顾Shirley的自尊心 第二部分（实施行动）：次日携带书本到校，以“闲置无用、赠予利用”的温和理由送给对方 第三部分（结局升华）：Shirley心生感激、欣然接受，二人破冰成为好友，呼应全文温情主题 【范文呈现】 1. 基础标准版 Suddenly, an idea came to me. I suddenly thought of my unused old books which were still well-preserved. Instead of offering expensive new books, giving away my spare books would never make Shirley feel ashamed. The next day, I took those books to school and explained that I hoped she could make full use of them. Surprised and touched, Shirley smiled brightly and accepted my gift gladly. Gradually, she became more outgoing and we built a close friendship based on mutual kindness. 2. 高分进阶版 Suddenly, an idea came to me. It occurred to me that I had a pile of well-conditioned old textbooks and storybooks at home. This way of sharing would spare Shirley the embarrassment of accepting charity. The next morning, I brought the books to her, saying they were useless for me and hoping they could be helpful to her. Overwhelmed with warmth and gratitude, Shirley accepted them with a sweet smile. Since then, the shy girl opened up little by little, and we turned into sincere best friends. 【亮点解析】 1. 基础版亮点 词汇亮点：用词准确、贴合语境，well-preserved（保存完好的）、make full use of（充分利用）、mutual kindness（双向的善意），贴合校园叙事场景，无低级词汇错误。 句式亮点：句式工整流畅，使用instead of引导状语表对比，点明自己体贴的助人方式；运用分词状语Surprised and touched简化句式，符合读后续写基础语法要求，情节衔接自然。 结构亮点：严格遵循提纲逻辑，从想办法—行动—结局层层推进，主旨清晰，无情节断层。 2. 进阶版亮点 词汇升级：替换基础词汇，用高级同义表达提升质感，It occurred to me that（我突然想到）替换普通的I thought；spare sb. embarrassment（免去某人的尴尬）精准贴合人物心理；overwhelmed with gratitude（满心感激）生动刻画人物情绪；open up（敞开心扉）贴合人物性格转变。 句式升级：长短句结合，错落有致。以固定高级句型开篇，丰富句式结构；舍弃平铺直叙，用分词伴随状语浓缩句意，语言简洁精炼，摆脱小学生式流水账。 主旨升华：精准扣题，突出“尊重式善意”的核心，不止完成情节续写，更深化文章温情内核。 【基础必做】 一、汉译英（主题要点翻译） 1.往家走 _____________________ 2.与某人无关 _____________________ 3.坚定地后退 _____________________ 4.独自回家 _____________________ 5.无视某人的嘲笑 _____________________ 6.奋力做…… _____________________ 7.大声呼救 _____________________ 8.毫不犹豫 _____________________ 9.把某物伸向某人 _____________________ 10.修复友谊 _____________________ 11.轻声对某人低语 _____________________ 12.鼓起勇气 _____________________ 13.全神贯注于 _____________________ 14.报名参加 _____________________ 15.专注于 _____________________ 16.抓住机会 _____________________ 17.把...视作理所当然 _____________________ 18.兴奋得放光 _____________________ 19.恐慌袭来 _____________________ 20.尴尬地 _____________________ 21.满怀感激 _____________________ 22.强烈的被背叛感 _____________________ 23.一股同情的暖流 _____________________ 24.感激与愧疚交织 _____________________ 25.宽慰涌上心头 _____________________ 26.心情沉重 _____________________ 【参考答案】 1.make one's way home 2.none of one's business 3.step back firmly 4.head home alone 5.ignore one's laughter 6.struggle to do 7.cry for help 8.without hesitation 9.stretch sth out to sb 10.restore friendship 11.whisper to sb gently 12.work up the courage 13.be absorbed in 14.sign up for 15.focus on 16.take the chance 17.take…for granted 18.light up with excitement 19.panic set in 20.in embarrassment 21.in gratitude 22.a sharp sense of betrayal 23.a warm feeling of sympathy 24.a mix of gratitude and guilt 25.relief wash over sb 26.a heavy heart 二、句型仿写（参照例句完成句子） 句型 1：现在分词作状语 例句：Hearing Peter's desperate cries for help, he rushed over without hesitation, taking off his coat and stretching it out to Peter. 翻译：听到彼得绝望的呼救，他毫不犹豫冲过去，脱下外套伸向彼得。 ✅句型结构：Doing … , 主句，doing … and doing …（分词开头作状语；主句后多个现在分词表一连串伴随动作） 仿写，补全句子： 1._____________________(看到玛丽伤心的脸庞), I walked forward, _____________________(拿出我亲手做的花瓶) and _____________________(低声向她道歉). 2._____________________(得知了真相), Tom felt ashamed, _____________________(低下头) and _____________________(真诚地向朋友道歉). 参考答案 1.Seeing Mary's sad face; taking out the vase I made by myself; whispering an apology to her 2.Learning the truth; hanging his head; apologizing to his friend sincerely 句型 2：with 复合结构（描写状态、场景） 例句：With the words finished, I rose up, turned around, collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor. 翻译：说完这些话，我站起身，转身，收好铅笔，收回书本，整理床铺，清洗袜子，打扫地板。 ✅句型结构：With + 宾语 + done (被动完成)，主句（一连串动作） 仿写： 1._____________________(眼泪被擦干), she raised her head, smiled at me and accepted my gift. 2._____________________(所有误会被解开), we hugged tightly and became close friends again. 参考答案 1.With tears wiped away 2.With all the misunderstandings cleared up 句型 3：独立主格（情绪 / 状态描写，高分加分） 例句：I nodded, relief washing over me. 翻译：我点了点头，心中涌起一阵宽慰。 ✅句型结构：简单句，名词 + doing（独立主格，描述主句主语的情绪） 仿写： 1.He kept silent, _____________________(羞愧涌上心头). 2.She accepted the book, _____________________(感激填满她的眼睛). 参考答案 1.shame washing over him 2.gratitude filling her eyes 句型 4：who 引导非限制性定语从句（介绍路过 / 在场人物） 例句：Just then, Henry, who happened to be passing by, heard the desperate cries. 翻译：就在这时，碰巧路过的亨利听到了绝望的呼救。 ✅句型结构：主语，who + 从句，谓语 + 宾语 仿写： 1.The girl, _____________________(碰巧知道整件事情), told me the truth. 2.Mike, _____________________(曾经嘲笑过 Tom), came to say sorry to him. 参考答案 1.who happened to know the whole thing 2.who once laughed at Tom 句型 5：though 引导让步状语从句 例句：Though the current was strong, Henry managed to grab Robert's arm and pull him to safety. 翻译：尽管水流湍急，亨利还是抓住罗伯特的胳膊，把他拉到安全地带。 ✅句型结构：Though + 从句，主句 仿写： 1._____________________(虽然任务很难), I managed to finish it for my best friend. 2._____________________(尽管我很生气), I chose to listen to her explanation patiently. 参考答案 1.Though the task was difficult 2.Though I was very angry 【提升必做】 1．（25-26高一上·山东淄博·期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Peter and Henry were close friends in the same class. They always hung out together and went home together. One afternoon, as they made their way home, loud shouts came from a street corner. Peter's eyes lit up with excitement, “A fight! Let's go and see!” He pulled Henry's arm, but Henry stepped back firmly, “It's none of our business. Our parents are waiting for us to have dinner together. I don't want them to worry about us. ” “Coward (胆小鬼) !”, said Peter and off he ran with some other boys. Henry shook his head, watching them go, and then headed home alone, trying not to think too much about Peter's words. But Peter couldn't let it go. He told all their classmates that Henry was a coward. Soon, everyone started laughing at Henry and avoided playing with him. Henry felt sad but he didn't get angry with Peter. He remembered what his dad once told him, “True courage is shown most in bearing misunderstanding even though it is not the case, and you ought to be afraid of nothing but doing wrong.” Thus, he just ignored the other boys' laughter and continued to go to school and study as well. Peter, meanwhile, found new “friends”. Every day after school, they didn't go home directly but went to a nearby river on their way home, showing off how “brave” they were. A few days later, disaster (灾祸) struck. That afternoon after school, Peter was bathing with his new friends in a river happily. Suddenly, his feet got stuck in the soft mud (泥), and no matter how hard he struggled, he couldn't pull them out. The mud kept pulling him down, and soon panic set in. He cried for help. His friends froze for a second, and then got out of the river as fast as they could. They were so frightened and did not even try to help him. 注意： (1)续写一段，词数应为80个左右; (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Just then, Henry appeared on the path leading to the river, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】     Just then, Henry appeared on the path leading to the river, hearing Peter's desperate cries for help. Without hesitation, he rushed over, took off his coat and stretched it out to Peter. “Grab it tightly! I'll pull you out!” he shouted firmly. Peter clung to the coat, and Henry used all his strength to pull him free from the mud. Safe at last, Peter hung his head in shame, apologizing for calling Henry a coward. Henry smiled gently, telling him true courage is helping others, not watching fights. 【导语】本文以友谊为线索，讲述了彼得与亨利两人原本是亲密好友，一次放学路上彼得想去看街头斗殴，亨利拒绝后被彼得称为胆小鬼、遭到同学孤立；亨利牢记父亲的话，不予计较，而彼得结交了新“朋友”，常去河边炫耀“勇敢”，最终彼得在河边洗澡时陷入淤泥，呼救时新朋友们纷纷逃离的故事。 【解析】 1. 段落续写： 由首句“就在这时，亨利出现在通往河边的小路上”可知，本段可描述亨利的勇敢与两人矛盾的化解。 2. 续写线索：亨利出现，听到彼得呼救——亨利毫不犹豫施救，用外套拉出彼得——彼得羞愧道歉——亨利解释真正的勇气 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①. 呼救：cry for help/beg for assistance ②. 喊叫：shout/yell ③. 道歉：apologize/say sorry 情感类 ①. 绝望的：desperate/helpless ②. 坚定地：firmly/resolutely 【点睛】 [高分句型1]. Hearing Peter's desperate cries for help, he rushed over without hesitation, taking off his coat and stretching it out to Peter.（运用现在分词短语作时间状语，现在分词短语作伴随状语。） [高分句型2]. Safe at last, Peter hung his head in shame, apologizing for calling Henry a coward.（运用现在分词短语作伴随状语。） 2.（25-26高一上·宁夏银川·期中）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段内容，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I started my dormitory life this year and met my roommate Kate. In the process of getting along, we found that we both enjoy reading and watching science fiction. With similar hobbies, our relationship immediately became closer. We went to class and canteen together every day in pairs. Although we considered each other as the best friend, there were conflicts (冲突) in our lifestyle. I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine was always hidden somewhere. She even labeled (贴标签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier (凌乱的). She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would place my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other and never stopped trying to change the other person's life style. Our friendship went ups and downs like a boat on the sea. War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming. “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder. Neither of us was willing to calm down to be a good listener. The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled under her covers, sobbing (哭泣). Obviously, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy (同情心) rose up in my heart. 注意：1. 续写词数应为100左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Slowly I began to move, approach her and sit by her side. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Slowly I began to move, approach her and sit by her side. I put my hand on her back and whispered to her gently: “Don't worry! Trust me! Everything will be fine.” On hearing my words, Kate stopped sobbing, her face still buried. So I continued, “I'm really sorry for being such a messy person and I'm sure there is something I can do right now.” With the words finished, I rose up, turned around, collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. Later, she sat up and smiled through tears, saying she should have been more patient with me. We hugged each other. Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn't always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开。作者和凯特因爱好相似成为好友，但生活习惯不同常起冲突。一日晚，两人因鞋子问题大吵。后凯特接到电话得知奶奶病重，哭泣时，作者心中涌起同情。 【解析】 1.段落续写 由句首内容 “我慢慢开始行动，走向她，坐在她身边。”可知，本段可以描写作者主动安抚哭泣的室友凯特，通过道歉和主动打扫房间弥补自己的邋遢，最终获得凯特的谅解，两人重归于好，领悟到合租的相处之道。 2.续写线索：开始行动——安抚并道歉——主动打扫整理房间——凯特谅解微笑——两人拥抱和解——领悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①轻声说：whisper gently/speak softly/murmur quietly ②哭泣：sob/cry/weep silently ③收集：collect/gather/pick up 情绪类 ① 担忧：worry/be anxious/feel concerned ② 愧疚：be sorry/feel guilty/be remorseful 【点睛】 【高分句型1】I'm really sorry for being such a messy person and I'm sure there is something I can do right now. (运用了省略引导词that的宾语从句、省略引导词that的定语从句修饰something) 【高分句型2】With the words finished, I rose up, turned around, collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side.(运用了with的复合结构) 3．（24-25高一上·新疆阿克苏·期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段内容，使之情节连贯，符合语境。 Robert and Henry were close friends in the same class. They always played and went home together. One day, on their way back from school, Robert found a fight and wanted to watch. Henry refused, believing they should not meddle with (插手) it and make their parents worry who was waiting for them to have dinner at home. Robert called Henry a coward (胆小鬼) and ran off alone. Henry went straight home and attended school as usual in the afternoon. However, Robert told everyone that Henry was a coward. Consequently, the boys laughed at Henry and stopped playing with him. Though upset, Henry wasn't angry. He focused on his study and ignored the mockery (嘲笑). A few days later, Robert was bathing with his new friends in a river, and got out of his depth (水深没顶). He struggled, and cried for help, but he failed. The boys who had called Henry a coward got out of the water as fast as they could, but they did nothing to help him. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为100左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 It seemed as if Robert would be dying. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】One possible version: It seemed as if Robert would be dying. Just then, Henry, who happened to be passing by, heard the desperate cries. Without hesitation, he plunged into the water and swam fiercely toward Robert. Though the current was strong, Henry managed to grab Robert's arm and pull him to safety. Gasping for air, Robert coughed up water, his face pale with fear. The other boys stood frozen in shock, realizing their cowardice. From that day on, they no longer mocked Henry but instead admired his courage. Robert, deeply ashamed of his earlier behavior, apologized sincerely. Henry simply smiled and said, “True friends don't leave each other in danger.” Their friendship was restored, stronger than ever. 【导语】本文以两个男孩之间的友谊为线索展开，讲述了Robert和Henry是形影不离的好友，一天放学，Robert想围观打架，Henry拒绝并独自回家，反被嘲笑为懦夫。几天后，Robert溺水，身边伙伴纷纷逃开，唯有Henry挺身相救。获救后Robert羞愧道歉，两人重修旧好，众人也被Henry的勇气折服。 【解析】 1. 段落续写： 由段落首句内容“Robert似乎快要死了。”可知，该段可描写路过的Henry勇敢地跳入水中，将Robert拉到了安全地带，Robert得救，其他男孩意识到自己的懦弱，转而钦佩Henry，Robert为自己的行为向Henry道歉，两人重修旧好。 2. 续写线索：Robert濒死——Henry勇敢救援Robert——其他男孩转而钦佩Henry——Robert向Henry道歉——两人和好 3. 词汇激活 行为类 ①跃入：plunge into/dive into/leap into ②抓住：grab/seize/hold ③意识到：realize/be aware of ④取笑：mock/tease/make fun of/poke fun of 情绪类 ①绝望的：desperate/despaired/hopeless ②恐惧：fear/fright 【点睛】 [高分句型1] Just then, Henry, who happened to be passing by, heard the desperate cries. (who引导非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] Though the current was strong, Henry managed to grab Robert's arm and pull him to safety. (Though引导让步状语从句) 4．（25-26高一上·山东聊城·期中）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Jackson sat at his school desk and looked over at the new kid in class. His name was Billy and he just moved here from Florida. His first day in class was yesterday and, so far, Jackson had not talked to him. Today, during the break, Jackson was going to try to make a new friend. When the bell rang, Jackson hurried out of his seat and followed Billy outside. “Hi Billy,” Jackson said as they walked outside. “Do you want to play basketball?” “No. I'm not very good at basketball.” “Do you want to play kickball?” Jackson asked. “No. I'm not good at that either,” Billy said. Billy walked away from Jackson and sat on a big flat rock in the grassy part of the school yard. Jackson stood there and wondered what to do next. He asked Billy to do two things and both times Billy had said no. Maybe he didn't like Jackson. Maybe he didn't want to be friends. Jackson thought about playing basketball with the other kids. He looked over at Billy sitting on the rock all by himself. It must be hard to move to a new school, Jackson thought. He decided to give it one more try. “Do you like cars?” Jackson asked Billy as he walked up to him. “Sure!” Billy said with a smile. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为100左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Jackson reached into his pocket and pulled out two cars. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】One possible version: Jackson reached into his pocket and pulled out two cars. “My brother gave me these. He has tons of cars and always gives me his old ones.” He handed one of the cars to Billy. “Awesome! I love Mustangs!” Billy rolled the car over the rock. “Me too!” Jackson said. “It's my favorite car!” Jackson sat on the ground and rolled his car across the rock. “My Dad has a real Mustang! You should come over to my house and see it!” “That would be awesome!” Jackson said. “I'd love to!” “Thanks for asking me to play with you,” Billy said. “I have a hard time making friends.” Seeing his shy but happy smile, Jackson felt happy too. “Well, you made one today,” Jackson said as he pushed the car over the edge of the rock and down into the grass. He was so happy that he decided to try one more time with Billy. He could already tell they were going to be best friends. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Jackson主动向新同学Billy发出交友邀请，在两次被拒绝后仍不放弃，最终通过共同爱好汽车成功结交朋友的故事。 【解析】 1.段落续写： 由本段首句内容“Jackson把手伸进口袋，掏出两辆玩具车。”可知，本段可描写Jackson通过小汽车终于和Billy有了共同话题，并慢慢开始成为了好朋友。 2.续写线索：Jackson掏出了两辆玩具车——他把一辆玩具车递给了Billy——两人开始开心地玩起了玩具车——Billy甚至邀请Jackson来家里玩——Billy告诉Jackson自己有点害羞，不会交朋友——而Jackson则表示两人已经成为了好朋友 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①递给：hand/ deliver ②告诉：tell/ inform ③决定：decide/ determine 情绪类 ①害羞的：shy/ bashful ②高兴的：happy/ delighted 【点睛】 【高分句型1】Jackson said as he pushed the car over the edge of the rock and down into the grass.（运用了as引导的时间状语从句） 【高分句型2】He was so happy that he decided to try one more time with Billy.（运用了so…that…引导的结果状语从句） 【拓展选做】 1．（25-26高一上·江苏常州·阶段检测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The last bell rang. Tom headed for the school gate to meet his closest friend, Mike. They grew up together and shared all their troubles and dreams. As an only child, Tom regarded Mike as the brother he had never had. As always, Mike was already there, waiting for him. “I'm going to try out for the basketball team,” he announced, eyes shining with excitement. “You'll make it for sure,” Tom replied. He stopped for a moment and then said, “I'm thinking of joining the chess club.” Mike turned quickly to face Tom, his eyes wide with shock. “What? That's such a bad idea! Chess clubs are for losers” he cried out. “I was only thinking about it. I didn't say I'd definitely join,” Tom said, trying not to sound too disappointed. Back home at dinner, Tom told his mom about the conversation. “Joining the chess club would be a good chance to make new friends, and I really want to play chess with people my own age,” he said, “But what will Mike think?” Mom just smiled and encouraged him to choose what made him happy. “Only you know what's right for you, not anyone else,” she added gently. A few days later, Tom worked up the courage to tell Mike he'd joined the chess club anyway. Mike got angry, shouting “You made a big mistake, Tom, now everyone will think you are a loser” Tom was shocked at his friend's words. Still, deep inside his heart, he had made up his mind to join the chess club and go after what he truly loved, so he walked away without saying a word. After all, that was his own choice, and he hoped Mike could respect his decision. Tom walked to his chess club at Mr. Robert's classroom. On the way there, he started to feel upset. Maybe this was the end of his relationship with Mike. Doubts flooded him as he was about to open the door to the club. What if Mike was right? What if the chess club was full of losers? Maybe everyone at school would think he was a loser, too. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。     To his surprise, Mr. Robert and the six members gave him a warm welcome. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________     Soon the news that their team won the national first prize reached the school. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】    To his surprise, Mr. Robert and the six members gave him a warm welcome. They introduced themselves with big smiles and shared why they loved chess — some since childhood, others for relaxation. Tom's worries melted away as he played his first game. His opponent Lisa patiently explained strategies, and soon he was absorbed in the board, forgetting his fears. By afternoon's end, Tom knew he'd made the right choice: this wasn't a club for “losers” but for those who loved thinking, learning, and connecting through chess.     Soon the news that their team won the national first prize reached the school. Posters went up around campus, and classmates crowded to congratulate Tom. Even Mike, who'd avoided him for weeks, approached hesitantly. “I saw your name in the paper,” Mike said, shifting uncomfortably. “I guess I was wrong about chess clubs… You guys are amazing.” Tom smiled, relieved. “Thanks, Mike. It means a lot.” Their friendship slowly healed as Mike attended the next chess club meeting, curious about the game. Tom realized true friendship isn't about agreeing on everything — it's about respecting choices and supporting what makes each other happy. 【导语】本文以友谊与个人选择为线索展开，讲述了Tom在好友Mike的不理解下坚持加入国际象棋俱乐部，最终收获成长与友谊修复的故事。 【解析】 1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“令他惊讶的是，Robert先生和六名成员热情地欢迎了他。”可知，第一段可描写Tom在俱乐部感受到的温暖氛围、初次下棋的体验以及内心疑虑的消散。 ②由第二段首句内容“很快，他们团队获得全国一等奖的消息传到了学校。”可知，第二段可描写获奖后学校的反响、Mike的态度转变以及Tom对友谊的感悟。 2.续写线索：受到欢迎——介绍互动——初次对弈——疑虑消失——获奖消息——校园反响——Mike道歉——友谊修复——感悟真谛    3.词汇激活 行为类 ①介绍自己：introduce themselves / present themselves cordially ②解释策略：explain strategies / elaborate on tactical approaches ③忘记恐惧：forget his fears / vanquish his apprehensions 情绪类 ①担忧：worries / apprehensions ②走近：approach / edged closer 【点睛】[高分句型1] Tom's worries melted away as he played his first game.（使用了as引导的时间状语从句） [高分句型2] His opponent Lisa patiently explained strategies, and soon he was absorbed in the board, forgetting his fears.（使用了现在分词短语forgetting his fears作状语） 2．（25-26高一上·江西·阶段检测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Sarah and I had been friends since we were little. Every day we went to school together and often had dinner. In class, we sat together to discuss problems we didn't understand. After exams, if one of us failed, the other would offer support and encouragement. Most importantly, we shared dreams, secrets, and a love for music. Sarah played the guitar with great passion, and I often spent afternoons listening to her practice. Our friendship was like a comforting melody (旋律) in our happy school life. One day, our school announced a music competition. To our excitement, we both decided to sign up for it. I picked a challenging classical piece by Beethoven, while Sarah chose a traditional folk song that showed her guitar skills. We promised to support each other during the preparation and to be each other's most honest listener and biggest supporter. As time went by, we started spending more time practicing alone. I noticed Sarah becoming busier and busier, always rushing off after school without explanation. When I asked if she could listen to my practice, she often said, “Sorry, I can't today. Maybe tomorrow?” As days turned into weeks, the repeated “tomorrows” planted a growing seed of doubt in my heart. Why did she refuse to listen to me or communicate with me? Why didn't she have time for me? Was the competition turning us into rivals (对手)? One rainy afternoon, I saw her walking home with Michael, the best music student in our school. They were laughing happily, and he was carrying her guitar bag. I felt a sharp sense of betrayal (背叛). At that moment, I was sure she was getting secret help from him and had broken our promise. Hurt a lot, I didn't know what had happened. For the next week, I was in low spirits. I thought nobody but Michael could tell me what happened to the friendship between Sarah and me and how we could restore it. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 One day, I had a chance to talk with Michael. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That evening, I went to Sarah's house, my heart beating wildly. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 One day, I had a chance to talk with Michael. I asked him why he and Sarah had been spending so much time together. He looked surprised and explained, “Sarah has been helping me with my English. In return, I gave her some guitar advice. She often talked about you and felt sorry that she couldn't listen to your practice. She wanted to improve quickly so she could surprise you at the competition.” Hearing this, I realized how wrong I had been. Sarah hadn't forgotten our promise — she was just trying her best. I decided to go and apologize to her soon. That evening, I went to Sarah's house, my heart beating wildly. When Sarah opened the door, I said sorry for doubting her and explained what Michael had told me. Sarah smiled and replied, “I miss you so much. I am afraid I will disappoint you if I don't play well.” We hugged tightly. Our friendship became strong again and we began to prepare for the competition together. From this experience, I learned that trust is the most important part of friendship. When we truly believe in each other, no competition can break our bond. 【导语】本文以萨拉和作者的友谊与音乐比赛为线索，讲述了两人自幼便是挚友，因共同热爱音乐一同报名参加学校音乐比赛，赛前约定相互支持。但萨拉日渐忙碌，常拒绝听作者练习，作者偶然看到她与学校音乐尖子生迈克尔同行，误以为她背叛约定、寻求秘密帮助，内心备受伤害的故事。 【解析】 1. 段落续写 ①由第一段首句内容“有一天，我得到了和迈克尔谈话的机会。”可知，第一段可描写作者 向迈克尔质问他与萨拉频繁相处的原因，迈克尔解释萨拉在帮他补英语，他则回赠吉他建议，萨拉还常因无法陪作者练习而愧疚，作者得知真相后幡然醒悟，决定向萨拉道歉的经过。 ②由第二段首句内容“那天晚上，我去了萨拉家，心怦怦直跳。”可知，第二段可描写作者向萨拉道歉并说明缘由，萨拉坦言担心比赛失利让作者失望，两人重归于好并携手备战，作者领悟到信任是友谊核心的情景。 2. 续写线索 与迈克尔谈话质问缘由——得知真相懊悔自责——前往萨拉家道歉——两人解开误会重归于好——共同备战比赛——领悟信任是友谊的核心 3.  词汇激活 行为类 ①质问：ask/question/inquire ②解释：explain/clarify ③道歉：say sorry/apologize 情绪类 ①惊讶：surprised/astonished ②愧疚：feel sorry/feel regretful 【点睛】[高分句型1] Hearing this, I realized how wrong I had been.（运用了现在分词短语作状语以及how引导的宾语从句） [高分句型2] From this experience, I learned that trust is the most important part of friendship.（运用了that引导宾语从句） 3．（25-26高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 A new student was transferred (转学) to Jackson's class yesterday. Jackson sat at his school desk and looked over at the new kid, whose name was Billy. He just moved here from Florida. It was his second day in class and, so far, Jackson had not talked to him. Today, Jackson was going to try to make a new friend at recess(课间休息). When the bell rang for recess, Jackson hurried out of his seat and followed Billy outside. “Hi Billy,” Jackson said as they walked outside. “Do you want to play basketball?” “No. I'm not very good at basketball.” “Do you want to play kickball?” Jackson asked. “No. I'm not good at that either,” Billy said. Billy walked away from Jackson and sat on a big flat rock in the grassy part of the schoolyard. Jackson stood there and wondered what to do next. He asked Billy to do two things but both times Billy said no. Maybe he didn't like Jackson. Maybe he didn't want to make friends. Jackson thought about playing alone, but it didn't seem very fun. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式作答。 Paragraph 1: Suddenly, Jackson had an idea. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: From that day on, Jackson and Billy became good friends. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Paragraph 1: Suddenly, Jackson had an idea He remembered that he had a comic book in his schoolbag. He thought maybe Billy would be interested in it. So he ran back to the classroom quickly and got the comic book. Then he came back to the schoolyard and sat down beside Billy. “Billy, I have a really cool comic book. Do you want to read it with me?” Jackson asked. Billy looked up at him with a surprised expression, but then he nodded slightly. As they read the comic book together, they started to talk about the characters and the stories in it. Billy smiled and laughed several times, and Jackson felt happy that he had finally found a way to connect with him. Paragraph 2: From that day on, Jackson and Billy became good friends. They would often read comic books together during recess. Sometimes they also shared their own stories with each other. Billy told Jackson about his life in Florida, and Jackson told Billy about the interesting things that happened in the school. They found that they had a lot in common, such as their love for science fiction movies and their favorite food. Whenever someone asked them if they were brothers, they would look at each other and smile, saying, “No, but we are just as close as brothers.” 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了转学到杰克逊班级的比利，起初拒绝了杰克逊一起打篮球、踢足垒球的邀请，独自静坐。杰克逊没有放弃，想起书包里的漫画书，便取回与比利共读。两人围绕漫画中的角色和故事展开交流，逐渐熟络，发现彼此在科幻电影、美食等方面有诸多共同爱好，之后成为亲密无间的好朋友，课间常一起读漫画、分享生活趣事，情谊堪比兄弟。 【解析】 1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“突然，杰克逊有了一个主意。”可知，第一段可描写杰克逊拿出漫画书和比利一起读，两人找到了共同的乐趣。 ②由第二段首句内容“从那天起，杰克逊和比利成了好朋友。”可知，第二段可描写两人成为了好朋友以及互相分享自己的故事。 2.续写线索：杰克逊有了一个主意——拿出漫画书一起读——找到了共同的乐趣——成为了好朋友——互相分享自己的故事——发现了很多共同点 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①对……感兴趣：be interested in /be keen on ②.微笑：smile /beam ③.告诉：tell/ inform 情绪类 ①.惊讶的：surprised /astonished ②.高兴的：happy /delighted 【点睛】[高分句型1]. As they read the comic book together, they started to talk about the characters and the stories in it.（运用了As引导的时间状语从句。） [高分句型2]. They found that they had a lot in common, such as their love for science fiction movies and their favorite food.（运用了that引导的宾语从句。） 4．（25-26高一上·湖北武汉·期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The light from the computer screen lit up the small room. Tom and Leo sat close together, their eyes fixed on the game. For the third night that week, they were playing their favorite online game, “Star Quest.” They talked and laughed loudly, completely lost in the exciting world. “We're the best team, Tom!” Leo said, his face full of joy. Tom smiled back, feeling happy and free. This was how they spent most of their free time, and they loved it. But things changed when the exam results came out. Tom's heart sank as he saw his paper — a big “45” in red ink. He had failed. That evening, Leo was as excited as ever, planning their next game. But Tom couldn't listen. He kept seeing the red “45” in his mind. He looked at Leo, then at the computer screen, and suddenly felt it was all wrong. “Leo,” he said slowly, “I can't play anymore. I need to focus on my studies.” Leo looked at him, surprised. “Why? It's just for fun! Don't be so serious!” From that day on, Tom started to change. He spent less time playing games and more time on his homework. His grades slowly improved. However, his friendship with Leo became difficult. Leo felt that Tom was leaving him behind. “You've changed,” Leo said one day, his voice unfriendly. “You never have time for me now. A real friend wouldn't do this.” Tom felt sad hearing this. He missed his friend, but he knew he was on the right path. He watched Leo walking away, probably going back to his computer, and felt a deep loneliness. 注意： 1. 续写短文的词数为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Tom noticed that Leo's grades were getting worse and he looked tired all the time. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Remembering their old friendship, Tom decided to talk to Leo after class one day. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】    Tom noticed that Leo's grades were getting worse and he looked tired all the time. He often saw Leo dozing off in class, with dark circles under his eyes. One afternoon, Tom heard the teacher ask Leo about his poor performance. Leo just shrugged, avoiding eye contact. Tom realized Leo wasn't just falling behind in studies; he seemed to be losing his cheerful self. The computer games that once united them were now pulling Leo into a lonely, tiring cycle.     Remembering their old friendship, Tom decided to talk to Leo after class one day. He waited until the classroom was empty and walked over. “Hey,” Tom began gently. “I miss hanging out together, not just the games. I miss talking and laughing like before.” Leo looked up, his expression defensive. Tom continued, “We could still play on weekends, but study together on weekdays. We can help each other, like in ‘Star Quest.'” Leo was quiet, then gave a small, tired smile. “I've been stuck,” he admitted. “But maybe I could try your way.” 【导语】本文以汤姆和里奥的友情与成长选择为线索展开，讲述了汤姆因考试失利而决心减少游戏时间、专注学习，导致与好友里奥产生隔阂，最终他试图用兼顾学习与友情的方式修复关系的故事。 【解析】 1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“汤姆注意到利奥的成绩越来越差，而且他总是看起来很疲惫。”可知，第一段可描写汤姆观察到里奥沉迷游戏后的状态下滑，包括上课犯困、成绩退步、失去往日活力，意识到游戏正让里奥陷入恶性循环。 ②由第二段首句内容“想起他们昔日的友谊，有一天课后，汤姆决定找利奥谈谈。”可知，第二段可描写汤姆主动与里奥沟通，提出 “周末适度游戏、平日结伴学习” 的折中方案，唤起两人对过往友情的珍视，最终里奥接受提议，两人达成和解。 2. 续写线索： 汤姆观察到里奥的状态恶化——汤姆决心修复友情——汤姆主动沟通并提出折中方案——里奥接受提议——两人重拾平衡，友情回暖 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①退步，落后：fall behind/ lag behind ②交谈：talk to/ have a chat with ③帮助：help/ assist/ support 情绪类 ①疲惫的：tired/ exhausted/ worn-out ②孤单的：lonely/ isolated 【点睛】 【高分句型1】Tom realized Leo wasn't just falling behind in studies; he seemed to be losing his cheerful self. (运用了省略that的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】He waited until the classroom was empty and walked over. (运用了until引导的时间状语从句) 5．（25-26高一上·湖北·期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I soon realized that I wasn't invited to the party. I got off the bus and saw my friends gather under the tree where the six of us always stood every morning before the first class bell rang. The group seemed to close up as I walked near them. The small white envelopes they quickly put into their backpacks told me everything. I figured out that everyone at school knew Bridget's party would be held this weekend. Bridget was one of the most popular girls in our grade, and we were very different. She had beautiful red hair and wore clothes that looked like from the pages of magazines. Being invited to her party meant an honor. “Hi,” I said, but even that single word sounded sad. Thankfully, the bell rang and I hurried to English class. I couldn't focus on the short story we should read in class. Why hadn't she invited me? Was it because my feet were too big? No, that couldn't be it. I tried to think of any time I'd spoken to Bridget recently. A few days earlier, we'd been partners during a sixth-period project. I focused on finishing the project, and she was lost in teen magazines, and sometimes said, “You should smile more.” Maybe she didn't invite me because of my hair. Maybe it's my coat. But none of these were important, and none of my clothes were suitable. I was much too tall but there wasn't anything I could do about that. Maybe I should smile more, but I just couldn't unless I knew the person really well. By fifth period, the news was out. Three girls that had been invited to the party couldn't go. Then the discussion about who might take their places began. After school, my friend Becky found me in the bus lines. She said Bridget told her at lunch she was going to maybe invite me to her party. There was still a chance. But what did Becky mean when she'd said Bridget was maybe going to invite me? Was there a condition? 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 I saw the red hair bobbing (跳动) toward the bus lines, then stopping. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Bridget held out an invitation. “Will you come to my party?” ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 I saw the red hair bobbing (跳动) toward the bus lines, then stopping. My heart skipped a beat and I froze, not daring to move or even breathe. Bridget stood a few steps away, looking around, and when her eyes met mine, she hesitated for a second before walking over. I could feel my hands sweating, my mind racing with all the silly reasons I'd thought of earlier for not being invited. She wore a soft smile, different from her usual confident grin, which made me a little less nervous. Bridget held out an invitation. “Will you come to my party?” I stared at the white envelope in her hand, the same one I'd seen my friends hide earlier, and felt a warm rush in my chest. I nodded quickly, a small smile finally spreading across my face. “I'd love to,” I said, my voice no longer sad. She laughed lightly and said, “I'm glad. You worked really hard on our project, and I thought you'd make the party fun. You should smile more — you look nice when you do.” I took the invitation, knowing that maybe we weren't so different after all. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了放学后，那位以为自己没有被邀请参加布里奇特的聚会的作者，当看到布里奇特朝她走来时感到很紧张。布里奇特随后递出一张邀请函，并邀请她参加，还说她为他们的项目付出了很多努力，会让聚会变得很有趣。作者欣然答应了，并意识到他们其实并没有那么不同。 【解析】 1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我看到那头红发在人们等待校车的队伍中一颠一颠地向前移动，然后停了下来”可知，第一段可描写作者看到布里奇特朝她走来时感到很紧张。 ②由第二段首句内容“布里奇特递过来一张请柬。‘你愿意来参加我的聚会吗？'”可知，第二段可描写布里奇特随后递出一张邀请函，并邀请她参加，还说她为他们的项目付出了很多努力，会让聚会变得很有趣。作者欣然答应了，并意识到他们其实并没有那么不同。 2.续写线索：看到布里奇特——感到紧张——布里奇特微笑——布里奇特递请柬——作者接受——作者感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①笑：laugh/giggle ②认为：think/assume ③看着：stare at/look at 情绪类 ①高兴：glad/delighted ②愚蠢：silly/foolish 【点睛】[高分句型1] Bridget stood a few steps away, looking around, and when her eyes met mine, she hesitated for a second before walking over.（运用了when引导时间状语从句） [高分句型2] I took the invitation, knowing that maybe we weren't so different after all.（运用了that引导宾语从句） 6．（25-26高一上·河北承德·期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 In Senior 1, a new student named Daniel joined our class. He was very quiet. He always wore the same dark blue jacket, even on warm days. Some kids began calling him “Blue Coat” when he wasn't listening. I never said the name myself, but I didn't try to talk to him either. He seemed different, and at that age, it was easier to just stay away from people who were different. Our English teacher, Mrs. Lewis, gave us a class project. We had to interview a classmate we didn't know very well and then introduce them. She picked the pairs randomly (随机). I was partnered with Daniel. I felt really disappointed. My friend Sam saw my face and looked sorry for me. I thought working with Daniel would be boring and uncomfortable. Daniel just looked down at his desk when he heard the news. I waited as long as possible before doing the interview. One afternoon after school, I finally went to find him. He was by the bike racks (架子), bent down next to a broken bicycle. A younger student looked worried, standing beside him. Daniel's hands were dirty, but he was repairing the bike chain. “You can repair bikes?” I asked, surprised. He looked up and gave a small, shy smile. “Yes,” he said quietly. That changed everything then. We sat on a bench to talk. I learned that his grandfather had a bike shop and taught him how to repair things. His grandfather didn't just teach him how to repair bikes; he always told Daniel that true skill meant not only fixing what was broken, but also imagining how to make things better. Daniel's dream, he shared with me, was to one day design bicycles that were safer, more comfortable, and kinder to the environment. His eyes shone as he described bikes that could help more people ride easily. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The blue jacket was his grandfather's old work coat. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When I introduced my class project, I showed a photo of Daniel repairing the bike. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 The blue jacket was his grandfather's old work coat. Daniel's voice became happier when he talked about helping people fix things. He even wanted to fit together the bike parts he designed. To him, the jacket was a daily reminder of his grandfather's hope — a quiet push to keep learning and making improvement. I realized the jacket wasn't just clothes; it was a special reminder of his grandfather and his own skills. After the interview, I was getting to know the real Daniel. When I introduced my class project, I showed a photo of Daniel repairing the bike. I told the class about his talent and his dream. After that, my classmates saw him differently. He still wears the jacket, but now if something is broken, students say, “Go to ask Daniel.” I learned an important lesson: everyone has a special story and something they are good at. If you take the time to observe, you might find a great friend where you least expect it. 【导语】本文以与新同学Daniel的合作项目为线索展开，讲述了作者从最初疏远Daniel，到通过采访发现他的善良、才华和梦想，最终改变了全班对他的看法，并收获了友谊的故事。 【解析】 1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“那件蓝色的夹克是他祖父以前的工作服”可知，第一段可描写Daniel讲述这件外套的来历和意义，以及作者由此对他产生的理解和共情。 ②由第二段首句内容“当我介绍我们的班级项目时，我展示了一张丹尼尔修理自行车的照片”可知，第二段可描写作者在课堂上展示Daniel的故事后，同学们对Daniel的态度转变，以及作者从中得到的感悟。 2. 续写线索：发现Daniel修车的才华——了解蓝外套的故事——采访中深入认识Daniel——课堂展示改变同学看法——Daniel获得认可——作者领悟到每个人都有独特价值 3.词汇激活 行为类 ① 修理：repair/ fix/ mend ② 意识到：realize/ be aware of ③ 展示：show/ display/ exhibit 情绪类 ①更开心：happier/ more delighted/ more cheerful ②希望，期待：hope/ expectation/ anticipation 【点睛】 【高分句型1】I realized the jacket wasn't just clothes; it was a special reminder of his grandfather and his own skills. (运用了省略that的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】I learned an important lesson: everyone has a special story and something they are good at. (运用了省略that的定语从句) 7．（25-26高一上·辽宁·期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一个完整的短文。 Sherry and Kimi had been best friends since childhood. They lived just a few blocks apart and spent most of their time together, whether it was playing in the park, studying for exams, or sharing secrets. So, when they both got accepted into the same college, it felt like a dream come true. They promised to stick together no matter what happened, just like they had always done. However, once college started, things began to change. Sherry was attracted to the “cool crowd”. They were those popular teenagers who always wore the latest fashion and hung out in the trendiest spots. Sherry loved being with them, wearing stylish outfits, and enjoying their popularity. Gradually, she started drifting away from Kimi. Even when they passed each other in the hallways or on the streets, Sherry tried to avoid her. One day, as they walked to their classroom, Kimi asked nervously, “Sherry, are you coming to the library later?” Sherry replied indifferently, “No. I'm going to do roller skating with Sammy and the others.” “Take care of yourself as roller skating is dangerous.” Sherry just left without noticing the worried look on Kimi's face. Days turned into weeks, and Sherry's behavior worsened. She not only ignored Kimi's messages but also openly teased her. “Why do you always wear those outdated shoes and always go to the library?” she asked one day. Another time, she laughed at Kimi's old bag, even though she knew it belonged to Kimi's mother and was precious. Kimi kept smiling as if nothing was wrong, but deep down, her heart was breaking. One month later, an accident happened. Sherry broke her leg while skating with the “cool crowd”. After simple treatment, she lay in bed, feeling terrible. Since her parents were out of town, she tried calling her new friends. But they were all busy. As the day dragged on, she began to feel lonely and abandoned. She realized how deeply she had taken Kimi for granted and how desperately she missed her. Just when she thought no one would come, there was a knock on her door. It was Kimi. 注意： 1. 续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Kimi walked in with some soup and fruit in her hand. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “I made this for you,” Kimi said softly, handing Sherry the walking stick. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Paragraph 1: Kimi walked in with some soup and fruit in her hand. She placed the food on the table and asked, “Hey, Sherry, I heard you broke your leg. I bring some bone soup to you. Are you OK?” Her voice was filled with concern. Tears welled up in Sherry's eyes, and she shook her head weakly. Seeing Sherry's condition, Kimi guessed what had happened. She promised she would take care of Sherry until she was fully recovered. Kimi kept her promise and always on her side when she needed help. Considering Sherry's inconvenience, she even spent several days in making a hand-made walking stick for Sherry. Paragraph 2: “I made this for you,” Kimi said softly, handing Sherry the walking stick. Seeing the stick, Sherry felt a mix of gratitude and guilt. She realized how much she had hurt Kimi and how foolish she had been to prioritize popularity over true friendship. Sherry took a deep breath and apologized to Kimi, “Can you forgive me and let us start over?” “Of course,” Kimi answered with a smile. Kimi's kindness and support made Sherry realize that real friends are there for you in both good and bad times. From that day on, Sherry decided to cherish her friendship with Kimi no matter what happened. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了谢莉与基米自幼为友，进入大学后谢莉受“酷人群体”吸引而疏远并嘲笑基米，导致友谊破裂。后来谢莉滑冰摔伤腿，新友疏离，深感孤独，而基米不计前嫌前来照顾她，并为她制作手杖。谢莉深受感动，意识到真正的友谊比表面的受欢迎更重要，最终向基米道歉，两人重归于好。 【解析】 1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“基米手里拿着一些汤和水果走了进来。”可知，第一段可描写基米承诺会照顾谢莉以及决定为谢莉做一根拐杖。 ②由第二段首句内容““这是我为你准备的。”基米轻声说道，将拐杖递给了谢莉。”可知，第二段可描写谢莉对之前的行为向基米道歉以及二人重归于好。 2.续写线索：手里拿着一些汤和水果——承诺会照顾谢莉——决定为谢莉做一根拐杖——向基米道歉——二人重归于好 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①照顾：take care of/ look after ②考虑：consider/ think about ③意识到：realize/ be aware of 情绪类 ①担心：concern/ worry ②感激：gratitude /appreciation 【点睛】[高分句型1]. Considering Sherry's inconvenience, she even spent several days in making a hand-made walking stick for Sherry.（运用了非谓语动词中的现在分词作状语） [高分句型2]. Kimi kept her promise and always on her side when she needed help.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句） 8．（25-26高一上·湖北·阶段检测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mary and I had been best friends since we were very young. We did everything together. During this summer vacation, the weather was very hot, so we often stayed in her cool room, learning to play guitar from videos online. Every day we would meet and practice, helping each other with hard parts and laughing when we made silly mistakes. On her bookshelf stood a small blue vase. It was not expensive, but it was very special. Mary's grandmother had made it before she died. She painted little white dots (圆点) all around it. “Grandma's hands were always steady,” Mary would say, touching the dots gently. “She said these dots are her love staying with me.” Last Thursday, we were practicing a new song. The guitar pick suddenly fell from my hand and went behind the bookshelf. When I reached down to get it, my arm hit the shelf. The blue vase unexpectedly fell to the floor. Unfortunately, it broke into pieces. The sound was loud in the quiet room. Mary stopped playing the guitar. She put her guitar down and knelt next to the broken vase. She picked up one piece with a white dot still on it. “Grandma painted this,” she said softly, her voice shaking uncontrollably. “She painted every dot.” She murmured repeatedly. I stood there, not knowing what to say. I remained speechless, rooted to the spot at the sight of the broken vase. Finally, I struggled with my guilt. “I am terribly sorry. I didn't mean to break your treasured vase.” I apologized to her but all my words felt empty. Mary didn't look up and she kept her head down. She just cried bitterly, holding the broken piece in her hand. I felt so guilty and terrible that I turned and walked out of the room. I left the guitar there and headed home, feeling worse with every step. Exhausted by the bad mood, I went straight to bed and fell into a restless sleep. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The next morning, I woke up with a heavy heart. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That afternoon, I held the new vase carefully in my hands, standing outside Mary's house. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】     The next morning, I woke up with a heavy heart. Guilt consumed me. I knew I had to act. After breakfast, I rushed to town, searching every shop. Finally, I found a pottery studio. I decided to make a new vase myself. I spent hours there, carefully painting little white dots all around a blue vase, just like her grandma's. My hands shook, making the dots imperfect, but I poured all my apology into each one.       That afternoon, I held the new vase carefully in my hands, standing outside Mary's house. I knocked, my heart racing. Mary answered, her eyes still sad. I offered the vase, words stumbling out. “I'm so sorry… I tried to…” She looked at it, touched a dot, and then at me. A soft smile finally appeared. “It's not the same,” she whispered, “but you remembered the dots.” She invited me in. We sat down, and I saw my guitar waiting. “Want to try that song again?” she asked. I nodded, relief washing over me. 【导语】本文以打碎玛丽珍贵的祖母花瓶为线索展开，讲述了作者失手打碎好友玛丽的纪念花瓶后心怀愧疚，亲手制作复刻花瓶向玛丽道歉，最终两人重归于好的故事。 【解析】 1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“第二天早上，我怀着沉重的心情醒来。”可知，第一段可描写作者被愧疚驱使，四处寻找店铺，最终决定亲手制作复刻花瓶，将歉意融入每一个白点的过程。 ②由第二段首句内容“那天下午，我小心翼翼地捧着新花瓶，站在玛丽家门外。”可知，第二段可描写作者向玛丽递出花瓶并道歉，玛丽被这份心意打动，两人和解并重新一起练习吉他的情节。 2. 续写线索：心怀愧疚——寻找店铺——亲手制瓶——捧瓶登门——递瓶道歉——玛丽动容——重归于好 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①寻找：search/ hunt for ②制作：make/ craft ③递出：offer/ hand over 情绪类 ①愧疚：guilt/ remorse ②宽慰：relief/ reassurance 【点睛】 【高分句型1】I spent hours there, carefully painting little white dots all around a blue vase, just like her grandma's. (运用了现在分词短语carefully painting...作状语) 【高分句型2】I nodded, relief washing over me. (运用了独立主格结构) $ Unit 4 Friends forever 朋友与友情主题 单元写作精练 【主题】校园友谊成长类读后续写 【写作词汇短语】 ✅行为类 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.hang out together 一起闲逛 2.apologize for 为…… 道歉 3.make good use of 充分利用 4.pass by 路过 5.calm down 冷静下来 6.reach into one’s pocket 伸进口袋 7.hand sth to sb 把某物递给某人 8.take care of /look after 照顾 9.search for 寻找 10.pour … into 把…… 倾注于 11.drift away from 渐渐疏远 12.keep one’s promise 信守承诺 ✅心理情绪类 1.in shame 羞愧地 2.in low spirits 情绪低落 3.sympathy n. 同情 4.guilt n. 愧疚 5.gratitude n. 感激 6.relief n. 宽慰 7.hesitation n. 犹豫 8.without hesitation 毫不犹豫 9.melt away （情绪）消散 10.heart beating wildly 心砰砰直跳 11.tears well up in one’s eyes 泪水涌上眼眶 【写作句型】 开头句 1.Just then, ... appeared on the path leading to the river, hearing ...’s desperate cries for help. 就在这时，......出现在通往河边的小路上，听到......绝望的呼救。 2.Suddenly, an idea came to .... 突然，......想到一个主意。 3.It seemed as if ... would.... ......似乎快要......了。 4.Slowly ... began to move, approach her and sit by her side. ......慢慢挪动，走到她身旁坐下。 5.To ... surprise, ... gave him a warm welcome. 令......惊讶的是，......给予他热烈欢迎。 中间句 ①现在分词作状语 1.Hearing ...’s desperate cries for help, he rushed over without hesitation, taking off his coat and stretching it out to Peter. 听到...绝望的呼救，他毫不犹豫冲过去，脱下外套伸向彼得。 2.Safe at last, ... hung his head in shame, apologizing for calling... a coward. 终于安全了，......羞愧地低下头，为叫......胆小鬼而道歉。 3.I nodded, relief washing over me.（独立主格） 我点点头，宽慰感席卷全身。 ②定语从句 Just then, Henry, who happened to be passing by, heard the desperate cries. 就在这时，恰巧路过的亨利听到绝望的呼救。 ③让步状语从句 though Though the current was strong, Henry managed to grab Robert’s arm and pull him to safety. 尽管水流湍急，亨利设法抓住罗伯特胳膊把他拉到安全地带。 ④宾语从句 I realized how wrong I had been. 我意识到我错得有多离谱。 ⑤with 复合结构 With the words finished, I rose up, turned around, collected the pencils… 说完这些话，我站起身，转过身，收拾铅笔…… 结尾句 1.Henry smiled gently, telling him true courage is helping others, not watching fights. 亨利温柔一笑，告诉他真正的勇气是帮助他人，而不是围观打架。 2.From this experience, I learned that trust is the most important part of friendship. 从这次经历，我懂得信任是友谊最重要的部分。 3.Tom realized true friendship isn’t about agreeing on everything — it’s about respecting choices and supporting what makes each other happy. 汤姆意识到真正的友谊不是事事苟同，而是尊重选择，支持让彼此快乐的事物。 4.I learned an important lesson: everyone has a special story and something they are good at. If you take the time to observe, you might find a great friend where you least expect it. 我学到重要一课：每个人都有独特故事和长处。花时间去了解，你会在意想不到之处收获挚友。 5.Kimi’s kindness and support made Sherry realize that real friends are there for you in both good and bad times. 基米的善意让谢莉明白：真正的朋友无论顺境逆境都会陪伴你。 【写作模板】 通用框架：情节引入（段首句） + 细节描写（动作 / 心理 / 环境，多用非谓语） + 矛盾化解 + 结尾升华感悟 模板 1：单段续写 [给出的段首句], ________(承接情节). Without hesitation, he/she ________(人物行动). Seeing this, ________(对方反应). ________(对话、动作细节). Realizing his/her mistake, sb apologized sincerely. From this experience, sb learned that + 道理（友谊/勇气/善良）. 模板 2：两段式续写 Paragraph 1（情节发展：事件发生、人物行动、心理变化） [题目给定开头句]，____________①（承接上文，看到 / 听到……）。Hearing/Seeing…, sb did sth（非谓语开头写动作）. He/She felt … 描写心理。Sb …（进一步推进事件：施救 / 沟通 / 弥补过错）。 Paragraph 2（矛盾解决 + 感悟升华） [题目给定第二段开头句]，____________________。Sb did …（对方态度转变，道歉 / 原谅）。They hugged each other and made peace. From what happened, sb realized that ________________________________________（主题升华，友谊、勇气、理解、信任）。 范文框架示例 Paragraph1： Just then, ____________________. Hearing the desperate cry, he rushed over without hesitation. He tried his best to help. Nervous but determined, he held out his hand/coat, hoping to pull him out. Paragraph2： Safe at last, ____________________ hung his head in shame. He apologized sincerely for what he had done. Smiling gently, sb forgave him. From the experience, they learned that true courage/friendship lies in ________________________________________. 【原题呈现】 （24-25高一上·广西桂林·期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段结尾，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When I was a pupil, I studied at a girls’ school. At that time, in order to get us to know each other as soon as possible, our teacher made all the girls in the class sit next to someone different every week. One day, the teacher asked Shirley, with whom I had never talked, to sit beside me. I wanted to get along well with her, but she was always shy and quiet. Shirley had long, straight brown hair that she often pushed behind her ears. She wore simple, faded dresses that were clearly second-hand. On one of those days, I noticed that Shirley was very upset. I asked her what was wrong. She kept silent for a long time. Finally, she told me that she came from a big family and she had several brothers and sisters. Her father was a hardworking but low-paid laborer and couldn’t afford school books for all of the children. Seeing her pain, I couldn’t help but say suddenly, “My parents can buy books for all of you.” But she refused, her face turning red with embarrassment. When I came back home, I told my mom the story. Mom said that it was good that I had tried to help, but I should stop worrying about it because there was nothing more that I could do if she had refused my offer to help. A moment later, she recommended that I help Shirley in a way that Shirley might accept. That night, I rolled back and forth in bed, thinking what I should do. 注意： 1.续写词数应为90左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Suddenly, an idea came to me. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【审题构思】 本文以事件发展为线索展开，讲述了作者在女子学校读书时，与害羞内向的同学Shirley成为同桌后，发现她因家庭贫困买不起课本而烦恼。作者提出直接帮忙买书被拒绝后，在母亲的提示下，思考如何以让Shirley能接受的方式提供帮助的故事。 由续写首句内容“突然，我想到了一个主意。” 可知，本段需描写作者想到的具体帮助方法，以及将该方法付诸实践的过程和结果。 1.续写线索 想到旧书——带来学校——说明来意——对方接受——成为朋友 2.词汇激活 行为类 ①记得：remember/keep in mind ②告知：tell/inform ③接受：accept/embrace ④充分利用：make good use of/take advantage of 3.情绪类 ①尴尬的：embarrassed/awkward ② 感激：gratitude/ appreciation 1. 基础审题 体裁：记叙文（校园温情故事续写） 人称：第一人称I（全文统一，视角不变） 时态：一般过去时（核心时态，贯穿续写段落） 核心主旨：用尊重、体贴的方式帮助自卑贫困的同学，收获友谊，传递善意 字数要求：90词左右，情节完整、衔接自然 2. 写作提纲 第一部分（想出办法）：突发灵感，决定赠送自己闲置的旧书本，规避直接捐助的尴尬，照顾Shirley的自尊心 第二部分（实施行动）：次日携带书本到校，以“闲置无用、赠予利用”的温和理由送给对方 第三部分（结局升华）：Shirley心生感激、欣然接受，二人破冰成为好友，呼应全文温情主题 【范文呈现】 1. 基础标准版 Suddenly, an idea came to me. I suddenly thought of my unused old books which were still well-preserved. Instead of offering expensive new books, giving away my spare books would never make Shirley feel ashamed. The next day, I took those books to school and explained that I hoped she could make full use of them. Surprised and touched, Shirley smiled brightly and accepted my gift gladly. Gradually, she became more outgoing and we built a close friendship based on mutual kindness. 2. 高分进阶版 Suddenly, an idea came to me. It occurred to me that I had a pile of well-conditioned old textbooks and storybooks at home. This way of sharing would spare Shirley the embarrassment of accepting charity. The next morning, I brought the books to her, saying they were useless for me and hoping they could be helpful to her. Overwhelmed with warmth and gratitude, Shirley accepted them with a sweet smile. Since then, the shy girl opened up little by little, and we turned into sincere best friends. 【亮点解析】 1. 基础版亮点 词汇亮点：用词准确、贴合语境，well-preserved（保存完好的）、make full use of（充分利用）、mutual kindness（双向的善意），贴合校园叙事场景，无低级词汇错误。 句式亮点：句式工整流畅，使用instead of引导状语表对比，点明自己体贴的助人方式；运用分词状语Surprised and touched简化句式，符合读后续写基础语法要求，情节衔接自然。 结构亮点：严格遵循提纲逻辑，从想办法—行动—结局层层推进，主旨清晰，无情节断层。 2. 进阶版亮点 词汇升级：替换基础词汇，用高级同义表达提升质感，It occurred to me that（我突然想到）替换普通的I thought；spare sb. embarrassment（免去某人的尴尬）精准贴合人物心理；overwhelmed with gratitude（满心感激）生动刻画人物情绪；open up（敞开心扉）贴合人物性格转变。 句式升级：长短句结合，错落有致。以固定高级句型开篇，丰富句式结构；舍弃平铺直叙，用分词伴随状语浓缩句意，语言简洁精炼，摆脱小学生式流水账。 主旨升华：精准扣题，突出“尊重式善意”的核心，不止完成情节续写，更深化文章温情内核。 【基础必做】 一、汉译英（主题要点翻译） 1.往家走 _____________________ 2.与某人无关 _____________________ 3.坚定地后退 _____________________ 4.独自回家 _____________________ 5.无视某人的嘲笑 _____________________ 6.奋力做…… _____________________ 7.大声呼救 _____________________ 8.毫不犹豫 _____________________ 9.把某物伸向某人 _____________________ 10.修复友谊 _____________________ 11.轻声对某人低语 _____________________ 12.鼓起勇气 _____________________ 13.全神贯注于 _____________________ 14.报名参加 _____________________ 15.专注于 _____________________ 16.抓住机会 _____________________ 17.把...视作理所当然 _____________________ 18.兴奋得放光 _____________________ 19.恐慌袭来 _____________________ 20.尴尬地 _____________________ 21.满怀感激 _____________________ 22.强烈的被背叛感 _____________________ 23.一股同情的暖流 _____________________ 24.感激与愧疚交织 _____________________ 25.宽慰涌上心头 _____________________ 26.心情沉重 _____________________ 二、句型仿写（参照例句完成句子） 句型 1：现在分词作状语 例句：Hearing Peter’s desperate cries for help, he rushed over without hesitation, taking off his coat and stretching it out to Peter. 翻译：听到彼得绝望的呼救，他毫不犹豫冲过去，脱下外套伸向彼得。 ✅句型结构：Doing … , 主句，doing … and doing …（分词开头作状语；主句后多个现在分词表一连串伴随动作） 仿写，补全句子： 1._____________________(看到玛丽伤心的脸庞), I walked forward, _____________________(拿出我亲手做的花瓶) and _____________________(低声向她道歉). 2._____________________(得知了真相), Tom felt ashamed, _____________________(低下头) and _____________________(真诚地向朋友道歉). 句型 2：with 复合结构（描写状态、场景） 例句：With the words finished, I rose up, turned around, collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor. 翻译：说完这些话，我站起身，转身，收好铅笔，收回书本，整理床铺，清洗袜子，打扫地板。 ✅句型结构：With + 宾语 + done (被动完成)，主句（一连串动作） 仿写： 1._____________________(眼泪被擦干), she raised her head, smiled at me and accepted my gift. 2._____________________(所有误会被解开), we hugged tightly and became close friends again. 句型 3：独立主格（情绪 / 状态描写，高分加分） 例句：I nodded, relief washing over me. 翻译：我点了点头，心中涌起一阵宽慰。 ✅句型结构：简单句，名词 + doing（独立主格，描述主句主语的情绪） 仿写： 1.He kept silent, _____________________(羞愧涌上心头). 2.She accepted the book, _____________________(感激填满她的眼睛). 句型 4：who 引导非限制性定语从句（介绍路过 / 在场人物） 例句：Just then, Henry, who happened to be passing by, heard the desperate cries. 翻译：就在这时，碰巧路过的亨利听到了绝望的呼救。 ✅句型结构：主语，who + 从句，谓语 + 宾语 仿写： 1.The girl, _____________________(碰巧知道整件事情), told me the truth. 2.Mike, _____________________(曾经嘲笑过 Tom), came to say sorry to him. 句型 5：though 引导让步状语从句 例句：Though the current was strong, Henry managed to grab Robert’s arm and pull him to safety. 翻译：尽管水流湍急，亨利还是抓住罗伯特的胳膊，把他拉到安全地带。 ✅句型结构：Though + 从句，主句 仿写： 1._____________________(虽然任务很难), I managed to finish it for my best friend. 2._____________________(尽管我很生气), I chose to listen to her explanation patiently. 【提升必做】 1．（25-26高一上·山东淄博·期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Peter and Henry were close friends in the same class. They always hung out together and went home together. One afternoon, as they made their way home, loud shouts came from a street corner. Peter’s eyes lit up with excitement, “A fight! Let’s go and see!” He pulled Henry’s arm, but Henry stepped back firmly, “It’s none of our business. Our parents are waiting for us to have dinner together. I don’t want them to worry about us. ” “Coward (胆小鬼) !”, said Peter and off he ran with some other boys. Henry shook his head, watching them go, and then headed home alone, trying not to think too much about Peter’s words. But Peter couldn’t let it go. He told all their classmates that Henry was a coward. Soon, everyone started laughing at Henry and avoided playing with him. Henry felt sad but he didn’t get angry with Peter. He remembered what his dad once told him, “True courage is shown most in bearing misunderstanding even though it is not the case, and you ought to be afraid of nothing but doing wrong.” Thus, he just ignored the other boys’ laughter and continued to go to school and study as well. Peter, meanwhile, found new “friends”. Every day after school, they didn’t go home directly but went to a nearby river on their way home, showing off how “brave” they were. A few days later, disaster (灾祸) struck. That afternoon after school, Peter was bathing with his new friends in a river happily. Suddenly, his feet got stuck in the soft mud (泥), and no matter how hard he struggled, he couldn’t pull them out. The mud kept pulling him down, and soon panic set in. He cried for help. His friends froze for a second, and then got out of the river as fast as they could. They were so frightened and did not even try to help him. 注意： (1)续写一段，词数应为80个左右; (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Just then, Henry appeared on the path leading to the river, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.（25-26高一上·宁夏银川·期中）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段内容，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I started my dormitory life this year and met my roommate Kate. In the process of getting along, we found that we both enjoy reading and watching science fiction. With similar hobbies, our relationship immediately became closer. We went to class and canteen together every day in pairs. Although we considered each other as the best friend, there were conflicts (冲突) in our lifestyle. I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine was always hidden somewhere. She even labeled (贴标签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier (凌乱的). She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would place my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other and never stopped trying to change the other person’s life style. Our friendship went ups and downs like a boat on the sea. War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming. “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder. Neither of us was willing to calm down to be a good listener. The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled under her covers, sobbing (哭泣). Obviously, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy (同情心) rose up in my heart. 注意：1. 续写词数应为100左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Slowly I began to move, approach her and sit by her side. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．（24-25高一上·新疆阿克苏·期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段内容，使之情节连贯，符合语境。 Robert and Henry were close friends in the same class. They always played and went home together. One day, on their way back from school, Robert found a fight and wanted to watch. Henry refused, believing they should not meddle with (插手) it and make their parents worry who was waiting for them to have dinner at home. Robert called Henry a coward (胆小鬼) and ran off alone. Henry went straight home and attended school as usual in the afternoon. However, Robert told everyone that Henry was a coward. Consequently, the boys laughed at Henry and stopped playing with him. Though upset, Henry wasn’t angry. He focused on his study and ignored the mockery (嘲笑). A few days later, Robert was bathing with his new friends in a river, and got out of his depth (水深没顶). He struggled, and cried for help, but he failed. The boys who had called Henry a coward got out of the water as fast as they could, but they did nothing to help him. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为100左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 It seemed as if Robert would be dying. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．（25-26高一上·山东聊城·期中）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Jackson sat at his school desk and looked over at the new kid in class. His name was Billy and he just moved here from Florida. His first day in class was yesterday and, so far, Jackson had not talked to him. Today, during the break, Jackson was going to try to make a new friend. When the bell rang, Jackson hurried out of his seat and followed Billy outside. “Hi Billy,” Jackson said as they walked outside. “Do you want to play basketball?” “No. I'm not very good at basketball.” “Do you want to play kickball?” Jackson asked. “No. I'm not good at that either,” Billy said. Billy walked away from Jackson and sat on a big flat rock in the grassy part of the school yard. Jackson stood there and wondered what to do next. He asked Billy to do two things and both times Billy had said no. Maybe he didn't like Jackson. Maybe he didn't want to be friends. Jackson thought about playing basketball with the other kids. He looked over at Billy sitting on the rock all by himself. It must be hard to move to a new school, Jackson thought. He decided to give it one more try. “Do you like cars?” Jackson asked Billy as he walked up to him. “Sure!” Billy said with a smile. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为100左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Jackson reached into his pocket and pulled out two cars. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【拓展选做】 1．（25-26高一上·江苏常州·阶段检测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The last bell rang. Tom headed for the school gate to meet his closest friend, Mike. They grew up together and shared all their troubles and dreams. As an only child, Tom regarded Mike as the brother he had never had. As always, Mike was already there, waiting for him. “I'm going to try out for the basketball team,” he announced, eyes shining with excitement. “You'll make it for sure,” Tom replied. He stopped for a moment and then said, “I'm thinking of joining the chess club.” Mike turned quickly to face Tom, his eyes wide with shock. “What? That's such a bad idea! Chess clubs are for losers” he cried out. “I was only thinking about it. I didn't say I'd definitely join,” Tom said, trying not to sound too disappointed. Back home at dinner, Tom told his mom about the conversation. “Joining the chess club would be a good chance to make new friends, and I really want to play chess with people my own age,” he said, “But what will Mike think?” Mom just smiled and encouraged him to choose what made him happy. “Only you know what's right for you, not anyone else,” she added gently. A few days later, Tom worked up the courage to tell Mike he'd joined the chess club anyway. Mike got angry, shouting “You made a big mistake, Tom, now everyone will think you are a loser” Tom was shocked at his friend's words. Still, deep inside his heart, he had made up his mind to join the chess club and go after what he truly loved, so he walked away without saying a word. After all, that was his own choice, and he hoped Mike could respect his decision. Tom walked to his chess club at Mr. Robert’s classroom. On the way there, he started to feel upset. Maybe this was the end of his relationship with Mike. Doubts flooded him as he was about to open the door to the club. What if Mike was right? What if the chess club was full of losers? Maybe everyone at school would think he was a loser, too. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。     To his surprise, Mr. Robert and the six members gave him a warm welcome. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________     Soon the news that their team won the national first prize reached the school. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．（25-26高一上·江西·阶段检测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Sarah and I had been friends since we were little. Every day we went to school together and often had dinner. In class, we sat together to discuss problems we didn’t understand. After exams, if one of us failed, the other would offer support and encouragement. Most importantly, we shared dreams, secrets, and a love for music. Sarah played the guitar with great passion, and I often spent afternoons listening to her practice. Our friendship was like a comforting melody (旋律) in our happy school life. One day, our school announced a music competition. To our excitement, we both decided to sign up for it. I picked a challenging classical piece by Beethoven, while Sarah chose a traditional folk song that showed her guitar skills. We promised to support each other during the preparation and to be each other’s most honest listener and biggest supporter. As time went by, we started spending more time practicing alone. I noticed Sarah becoming busier and busier, always rushing off after school without explanation. When I asked if she could listen to my practice, she often said, “Sorry, I can’t today. Maybe tomorrow?” As days turned into weeks, the repeated “tomorrows” planted a growing seed of doubt in my heart. Why did she refuse to listen to me or communicate with me? Why didn’t she have time for me? Was the competition turning us into rivals (对手)? One rainy afternoon, I saw her walking home with Michael, the best music student in our school. They were laughing happily, and he was carrying her guitar bag. I felt a sharp sense of betrayal (背叛). At that moment, I was sure she was getting secret help from him and had broken our promise. Hurt a lot, I didn’t know what had happened. For the next week, I was in low spirits. I thought nobody but Michael could tell me what happened to the friendship between Sarah and me and how we could restore it. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 One day, I had a chance to talk with Michael. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That evening, I went to Sarah’s house, my heart beating wildly. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．（25-26高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 A new student was transferred (转学) to Jackson’s class yesterday. Jackson sat at his school desk and looked over at the new kid, whose name was Billy. He just moved here from Florida. It was his second day in class and, so far, Jackson had not talked to him. Today, Jackson was going to try to make a new friend at recess(课间休息). When the bell rang for recess, Jackson hurried out of his seat and followed Billy outside. “Hi Billy,” Jackson said as they walked outside. “Do you want to play basketball?” “No. I’m not very good at basketball.” “Do you want to play kickball?” Jackson asked. “No. I’m not good at that either,” Billy said. Billy walked away from Jackson and sat on a big flat rock in the grassy part of the schoolyard. Jackson stood there and wondered what to do next. He asked Billy to do two things but both times Billy said no. Maybe he didn’t like Jackson. Maybe he didn’t want to make friends. Jackson thought about playing alone, but it didn’t seem very fun. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式作答。 Paragraph 1: Suddenly, Jackson had an idea. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: From that day on, Jackson and Billy became good friends. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．（25-26高一上·湖北武汉·期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The light from the computer screen lit up the small room. Tom and Leo sat close together, their eyes fixed on the game. For the third night that week, they were playing their favorite online game, “Star Quest.” They talked and laughed loudly, completely lost in the exciting world. “We’re the best team, Tom!” Leo said, his face full of joy. Tom smiled back, feeling happy and free. This was how they spent most of their free time, and they loved it. But things changed when the exam results came out. Tom’s heart sank as he saw his paper — a big “45” in red ink. He had failed. That evening, Leo was as excited as ever, planning their next game. But Tom couldn’t listen. He kept seeing the red “45” in his mind. He looked at Leo, then at the computer screen, and suddenly felt it was all wrong. “Leo,” he said slowly, “I can’t play anymore. I need to focus on my studies.” Leo looked at him, surprised. “Why? It’s just for fun! Don’t be so serious!” From that day on, Tom started to change. He spent less time playing games and more time on his homework. His grades slowly improved. However, his friendship with Leo became difficult. Leo felt that Tom was leaving him behind. “You’ve changed,” Leo said one day, his voice unfriendly. “You never have time for me now. A real friend wouldn’t do this.” Tom felt sad hearing this. He missed his friend, but he knew he was on the right path. He watched Leo walking away, probably going back to his computer, and felt a deep loneliness. 注意： 1. 续写短文的词数为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Tom noticed that Leo’s grades were getting worse and he looked tired all the time. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Remembering their old friendship, Tom decided to talk to Leo after class one day. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．（25-26高一上·湖北·期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I soon realized that I wasn’t invited to the party. I got off the bus and saw my friends gather under the tree where the six of us always stood every morning before the first class bell rang. The group seemed to close up as I walked near them. The small white envelopes they quickly put into their backpacks told me everything. I figured out that everyone at school knew Bridget’s party would be held this weekend. Bridget was one of the most popular girls in our grade, and we were very different. She had beautiful red hair and wore clothes that looked like from the pages of magazines. Being invited to her party meant an honor. “Hi,” I said, but even that single word sounded sad. Thankfully, the bell rang and I hurried to English class. I couldn’t focus on the short story we should read in class. Why hadn’t she invited me? Was it because my feet were too big? No, that couldn’t be it. I tried to think of any time I’d spoken to Bridget recently. A few days earlier, we’d been partners during a sixth-period project. I focused on finishing the project, and she was lost in teen magazines, and sometimes said, “You should smile more.” Maybe she didn’t invite me because of my hair. Maybe it’s my coat. But none of these were important, and none of my clothes were suitable. I was much too tall but there wasn’t anything I could do about that. Maybe I should smile more, but I just couldn’t unless I knew the person really well. By fifth period, the news was out. Three girls that had been invited to the party couldn’t go. Then the discussion about who might take their places began. After school, my friend Becky found me in the bus lines. She said Bridget told her at lunch she was going to maybe invite me to her party. There was still a chance. But what did Becky mean when she’d said Bridget was maybe going to invite me? Was there a condition? 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 I saw the red hair bobbing (跳动) toward the bus lines, then stopping. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Bridget held out an invitation. “Will you come to my party?” ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．（25-26高一上·河北承德·期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 In Senior 1, a new student named Daniel joined our class. He was very quiet. He always wore the same dark blue jacket, even on warm days. Some kids began calling him “Blue Coat” when he wasn’t listening. I never said the name myself, but I didn’t try to talk to him either. He seemed different, and at that age, it was easier to just stay away from people who were different. Our English teacher, Mrs. Lewis, gave us a class project. We had to interview a classmate we didn’t know very well and then introduce them. She picked the pairs randomly (随机). I was partnered with Daniel. I felt really disappointed. My friend Sam saw my face and looked sorry for me. I thought working with Daniel would be boring and uncomfortable. Daniel just looked down at his desk when he heard the news. I waited as long as possible before doing the interview. One afternoon after school, I finally went to find him. He was by the bike racks (架子), bent down next to a broken bicycle. A younger student looked worried, standing beside him. Daniel’s hands were dirty, but he was repairing the bike chain. “You can repair bikes?” I asked, surprised. He looked up and gave a small, shy smile. “Yes,” he said quietly. That changed everything then. We sat on a bench to talk. I learned that his grandfather had a bike shop and taught him how to repair things. His grandfather didn’t just teach him how to repair bikes; he always told Daniel that true skill meant not only fixing what was broken, but also imagining how to make things better. Daniel’s dream, he shared with me, was to one day design bicycles that were safer, more comfortable, and kinder to the environment. His eyes shone as he described bikes that could help more people ride easily. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The blue jacket was his grandfather’s old work coat. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When I introduced my class project, I showed a photo of Daniel repairing the bike. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7．（25-26高一上·辽宁·期末）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一个完整的短文。 Sherry and Kimi had been best friends since childhood. They lived just a few blocks apart and spent most of their time together, whether it was playing in the park, studying for exams, or sharing secrets. So, when they both got accepted into the same college, it felt like a dream come true. They promised to stick together no matter what happened, just like they had always done. However, once college started, things began to change. Sherry was attracted to the “cool crowd”. They were those popular teenagers who always wore the latest fashion and hung out in the trendiest spots. Sherry loved being with them, wearing stylish outfits, and enjoying their popularity. Gradually, she started drifting away from Kimi. Even when they passed each other in the hallways or on the streets, Sherry tried to avoid her. One day, as they walked to their classroom, Kimi asked nervously, “Sherry, are you coming to the library later?” Sherry replied indifferently, “No. I’m going to do roller skating with Sammy and the others.” “Take care of yourself as roller skating is dangerous.” Sherry just left without noticing the worried look on Kimi’s face. Days turned into weeks, and Sherry’s behavior worsened. She not only ignored Kimi’s messages but also openly teased her. “Why do you always wear those outdated shoes and always go to the library?” she asked one day. Another time, she laughed at Kimi’s old bag, even though she knew it belonged to Kimi’s mother and was precious. Kimi kept smiling as if nothing was wrong, but deep down, her heart was breaking. One month later, an accident happened. Sherry broke her leg while skating with the “cool crowd”. After simple treatment, she lay in bed, feeling terrible. Since her parents were out of town, she tried calling her new friends. But they were all busy. As the day dragged on, she began to feel lonely and abandoned. She realized how deeply she had taken Kimi for granted and how desperately she missed her. Just when she thought no one would come, there was a knock on her door. It was Kimi. 注意： 1. 续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Kimi walked in with some soup and fruit in her hand. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “I made this for you,” Kimi said softly, handing Sherry the walking stick. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8．（25-26高一上·湖北·阶段检测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mary and I had been best friends since we were very young. We did everything together. During this summer vacation, the weather was very hot, so we often stayed in her cool room, learning to play guitar from videos online. Every day we would meet and practice, helping each other with hard parts and laughing when we made silly mistakes. On her bookshelf stood a small blue vase. It was not expensive, but it was very special. Mary’s grandmother had made it before she died. She painted little white dots (圆点) all around it. “Grandma’s hands were always steady,” Mary would say, touching the dots gently. “She said these dots are her love staying with me.” Last Thursday, we were practicing a new song. The guitar pick suddenly fell from my hand and went behind the bookshelf. When I reached down to get it, my arm hit the shelf. The blue vase unexpectedly fell to the floor. Unfortunately, it broke into pieces. The sound was loud in the quiet room. Mary stopped playing the guitar. She put her guitar down and knelt next to the broken vase. She picked up one piece with a white dot still on it. “Grandma painted this,” she said softly, her voice shaking uncontrollably. “She painted every dot.” She murmured repeatedly. I stood there, not knowing what to say. I remained speechless, rooted to the spot at the sight of the broken vase. Finally, I struggled with my guilt. “I am terribly sorry. I didn’t mean to break your treasured vase.” I apologized to her but all my words felt empty. Mary didn’t look up and she kept her head down. She just cried bitterly, holding the broken piece in her hand. I felt so guilty and terrible that I turned and walked out of the room. I left the guitar there and headed home, feeling worse with every step. Exhausted by the bad mood, I went straight to bed and fell into a restless sleep. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The next morning, I woke up with a heavy heart. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That afternoon, I held the new vase carefully in my hands, standing outside Mary’s house. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ $