Unit 4 Friends forever 朋友（单元阅读精练）英语外研版必修第一册

Unit 4 Friends forever 朋友 单元阅读精练 The Story of Boya and Zhong Ziqi The story of Bo Ya and Zhong Ziqi took place during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods. Yu Boya, a high official of the State of Jin, went on an official visit to the State of Chu. He stopped his boat at the foot of Guishan Mountain in Hanyang, along the Yangtze River in Wuhan. There, Boya met Zhong Ziqi, a local woodcutter (樵夫) from the State of Chu. Boya expressed his inner thoughts and dreams by playing the guqin, while Ziqi could fully understand the feelings behind the music. The two became close friends through the classic music pieceHigh Mountains and Flowing Waters. The next year, Boya returned to the place as he had promised. However, he was sad to find that Ziqi had died of illness. Boya played the guqin one last time to mourn (悼念) his best friend. After that, he broke his guqin and its strings, and made up his mind never to play the instrument again for the rest of his life. This ancient story has created a special "Bosom Friend Culture" (知音文化) in Chinese tradition. It advocates the values of mutual understanding, shared dreams, sincerity, trust and friendly cooperation. Inspired by this famous legend, many traditional art works have been created. They include the guqin music High Mountains and Flowing Waters, traditional Chinese paintings, local Hubei folk music and traditional operas themed on the friendship of Boya and Ziqi. In 2014, the Legend of Boya and Ziqi was added to the fourth national list of Representative Projects of Intangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产) for protection. 【译文欣赏】 伯牙与子期的故事发生在春秋战国时期。晋国高官俞伯牙出使楚国，将船停泊在武汉长江边汉阳龟山脚下。在这里，伯牙遇见了楚国本地的樵夫钟子期。伯牙通过弹奏古琴抒发内心的思绪与志向，而子期完全能读懂乐曲背后蕴含的情感。二人凭借名曲《高山流水》结为至交。 第二年，伯牙依约重返此地，却悲痛地得知子期已经病逝。伯牙最后一次抚琴，悼念自己的知己。一曲终了，他摔破古琴、扯断琴弦，决意此生不再弹琴。 这个古老的故事，在中国传统文化中孕育出独特的 “知音文化”。它倡导相知相惜、志同道合、真诚守信、友善相交的美好品质。受这则著名传说启发，诞生了大量传统艺术作品，包括古琴曲《高山流水》、国画、湖北地方民间音乐以及以伯牙子期情谊为主题的传统戏曲。 2014 年，伯牙子期传说列入第四批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录，受到保护。 【词汇积累】 1.inner /ˈɪnə(r)/adj. 内心的，内部的 2.advocate /ˈædvəkət/v. 倡导，提倡 3.mutual /ˈmjuːtʃuəl/adj. 相互的，彼此的 4.sincerity /sɪnˈserəti/n. 真诚，诚挚 5.intangible /ɪnˈtændʒəbl/adj. 无形的 6.heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/n. 遗产 【知识拓展】 ✅ 文化背景 1.Yu Boya & Zhong Ziqi 伯牙与钟子期 典故知音的来源。伯牙善鼓琴，钟子期善听。“高山流水” 既指古琴名曲，也用来比喻知己或乐曲高妙。后世常用 “高山流水遇知音” 形容难得的心灵知己。 2.Guqin 古琴 中国传统弹拨弦乐器，有三千多年历史，是中国古老雅乐代表，属于非遗。 ✅ 语言考点 1.句式：while 引导并列句，表对比，译为 “而” Boya expressed..., while Ziqi could fully understand... 2.分词作状语：Inspired by this famous legend… 受这一传说启发……（过去分词表被动，语法填空高频考点） 3.固定搭配：die of illness 病逝（die of + 内因；die from + 外因） 【词汇延伸】 1.sincere adj. 真诚的 → sincerity n. 真诚 2.make up one's mind 下定决心 3.be added to 被列入；被增添到 4.representative project 代表性项目 【高考真题链接】 (2026·北京·高考真题) Ivy and Mia were best friends. But as they grew older, there was a shift. Mia shone easily in after-school activities. She was a talented singer and won the 1 of all. The teachers praised her, and friends gathered around her, requesting her to sing. Ivy felt 2 . Mia, however, didn’t know it and went her way as usual. Ivy recognised a(n) 3 feeling when Mia was applauded, and an ache in the heart when she compared herself with Mia. Jealousy (嫉妒) grew silently in her heart, like a shadow. One day, Mia came to Ivy and told her excitedly, “I’ve been selected for the inter-school competition!” Ivy 4 a smile. “That’s great” was all she said. That evening, she sat in her room, staring into space. Why her? Why not me? Such thoughts filled her mind. She started 5 Mia. Their conversations became short. Having noticed this, Mia asked Ivy, “Did I hurt you? You seem to be 6 .” Ivy hesitated, and then admitted how she felt. Mia was surprised but smiled gently. “Do you know?” she said, “I’ve always admired you. I might be able to get attention 7 , but you have the strength for steady growth. We’re not competing. We’re just different.” Over time, the 8 faded (消退). Ivy finally realised: Jealousy doesn’t come from the success of others — it comes when we forget our own 9 . And once that takes root, there’s no need to 10 . 1．A．credibility B．admiration C．sympathy D．confidence 2．A．taken in B．picked on C．left out D．turned down 3．A．contented B．refreshing C．unsettled D．inclusive 4．A．radiated B．forced C．expected D．witnessed 5．A．avoiding B．accepting C．forgiving D．frightening 6．A．guilty B．shocked C．distant D．confused 7．A．fearlessly B．desperately C．hesitantly D．effortlessly 8．A．hope B．shadow C．bond D．light 9．A．worth B．limit C．past D．fault 10．A．control B．comment C．confirm D．compare ( 1. Ivy recognised a (n) uncomfortable feeling when Mia was applauded, and an ache in the heart when she compared herself with Mia. ✅译文：每当米娅获得掌声时，艾维就会感受到一种不安的情绪；每当拿自己和米娅对比时，她的内心就一阵难受。 •主干：Ivy recognised a feeling and an ache.（艾维感受到一种情绪和一阵心痛） •两个when 引导时间状语从句并列： ① when Mia was applauded （被动语态，当米娅被称赞 / 获得掌声） ② when she compared herself with Mia （compare A with B 把 A 和 B 作对比） 2. Jealousy doesn ' t come from the success of others — it comes when we forget our own value. ✅译文：嫉妒并非源于他人的成功，而是产生于我们忘记自身价值的时候。 •破折号：解释说明 •主句 + when 引导状语从句 3. And once that takes root, there ' s no need to struggle. ✅译文：而一旦嫉妒生根，我们不必苦苦挣扎。 •once：连词，一旦，引导条件状语从句 •take root：固定短语，生根；扎根 ) ( 1.applaud /əˈplɔ : d/v. 鼓掌；称赞 2.compare /kəmˈpeə(r)/v. 比较 3.select /sɪˈlekt/v. 挑选，选拔 4.hesitate /ˈhezɪteɪt/v. 犹豫 5.admit /ədˈmɪt/v. 承认；准许进入（admit doing sth 承认做某事） 6.fade /feɪd/v. 消退；褪色 7.stare into space 呆呆地望着空中，出神 ) 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．D 【导语】这篇文章主要讲述了好友艾薇因嫉妒闪闪发光的米娅而疏远对方，在坦诚沟通后最终明白：嫉妒并非源于他人的成功，而是源于我们忽略了自身的价值，人与人无需盲目比较的成长故事。 【解析】 1．考查名词。句意：她是个有才华的歌手，赢得了大家的钦佩。A. credibility可信度，可靠性；B. admiration钦佩，赞赏；C. sympathy同情；D. confidence自信。根据前文“She was a talented singer”提到米娅是天赋出众的歌手，以及后文“The teachers praised her, and friends gathered around her, requesting her to sing.”补充“老师表扬她，朋友们都围在她身边请她唱歌”，说明她赢得了所有人的赞赏与喜爱。 2．考查动词短语。句意：艾薇却感到被冷落了。A. taken in欺骗，吸收；B. picked on刁难，故意找茬；C. left out被忽视，被冷落；D. turned down拒绝，调小。根据上文“The teachers praised her, and friends gathered around her”提到米娅被众人围绕、风光无限，而艾薇没有获得关注，内心产生了落差，感觉自己被冷落、被忽略。 3．考查形容词。句意：艾维在米娅获得掌声时察觉到一种不安的情绪，在拿自己和米娅对比时心中生出一阵酸楚。A. contented满足的，满意的；B. refreshing令人清爽的，耳目一新的；C. unsettled心神不安的，忐忑的；D. inclusive包容的，包含的。根据后文“Jealousy (嫉妒) grew silently in her heart, like a shadow.”明确提到 “嫉妒在她心中悄然滋生”，因此当米娅受到掌声时，艾薇的内心是不安、别扭的。 4．考查动词。句意：艾薇强颜欢笑。A. radiated散发；B. forced强迫，勉强做出；C. expected期待，预料；D. witnessed见证，目睹。根据上文“Jealousy (嫉妒) grew silently in her heart, like a shadow.”提到艾薇内心充满嫉妒与不甘，并非真心为米娅高兴，因此是“强挤出一个微笑”。force a smile 是固定搭配，意为“强颜欢笑”。 5．考查动词。句意：她开始躲避米娅。A. avoiding回避，躲避；B. accepting接受；C. forgiving原谅；D. frightening使害怕，惊吓。根据后文“Their conversations became short.”提到“她们的对话变得简短”，说明艾薇因为嫉妒开始刻意疏远、躲避米娅。 6．考查形容词。句意：注意到这一点后，米娅问艾维：“我伤到你了吗？你看起来有些疏远。”A. guilty内疚的，有罪的；B. shocked震惊的；C. distant疏远的，冷淡的；D. confused 困惑的。根据上文“Having noticed this, Mia asked Ivy, “Did I hurt you?””可知，米娅察觉到了艾薇的变化，询问对方是不是自己伤害了她，原因就是艾薇态度变得冷淡、疏远。 7．考查副词。句意：我或许能轻易获得关注，可你拥有稳步成长的底气。A. fearlessly无畏地；B. desperately绝望地，拼命地；C. hesitantly犹豫地；D. effortlessly 毫不费力地。根据上文“Mia shone easily in after-school activities.”说明米娅获得关注是轻松、不费力的，effortlessly与前文的easily 形成同义复现，符合人物设定。 8．考查名词。句意：随着时间的推移，阴影逐渐淡去。A. hope希望；B. shadow阴影；C. bond纽带，联系；D. light光，光线。根据上文“Jealousy (嫉妒) grew silently in her heart, like a shadow.”将嫉妒比作阴影一般，可知，随着两人解开误会，这份嫉妒、也就是心中的阴影逐渐消退。 9．考查名词。句意：艾薇终于明白：嫉妒并非来自他人的成功，而是当我们忘记自身价值时才会产生。A. worth价值；B. limit 限制；C. past过去；D. fault过错。根据句意以及上文“Jealousy doesn’t come from the success of others”可知，米娅的话点明主旨——每个人都有自己的闪光点，嫉妒的本质不是别人太优秀，而是我们忘记了自身的价值。 10．考查动词。句意：一旦这一认知扎根心中，就无需再与他人比较了。A. control控制；B. comment评论；C. confirm确认，证实；D. compare比较。根据上文“and an ache in the heart when she compared herself with Mia”可知，前文多次出现艾薇和米娅对比的情节，可知，文章最终的感悟就是：当我们认清自身价值后，就没必要再和他人比较了。 【综合实战演练】 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解七选五 说明文 317 结交新朋友、建立友谊的方法 Passage2 阅读理解 应用文 301 三名青少年对于家人与朋友之间关系的不同看法 Passage3 阅读理解 记叙文 352 昔日眼中的“死对头”也能成为最好的朋友 Passage4 阅读理解七选五 说明 287 如何交朋友，并维持友谊 Passage5 阅读理解 说明文 278 青少年时期牢固的友谊对青少年自身发展的诸多益处 Passage6 阅读理解 说明文 290 强势朋友的特点、对青少年心理的影响以及如何建立健康的友谊关系 Passage7 阅读理解七选五 说明文 299 人们每七年会失去半数朋友，多因环境改变而非不合 Passage8 语法填空 应用文 149 写给担心朋友沉迷网络的人的邮件 Passage9 完形填空 记叙文 271 作者与Uganda一所小学学生的友谊从艰难起步，通过努力交流、拉近关系，逐渐成为朋友 Passage 1 （26-27高一上·四川眉山·期中） How to Make Friends with Someone Whether you’re starting a new school or joining a workplace team, there’s often someone you want to connect with but haven’t the courage to talk to yet. Below are practical tips to help you start a meaningful conversation, and lay the foundation for a lasting friendship. You’ve Never Spoken to Before Friendship is an important aspect of life. Perhaps there are new persons in your school who seem cool or fun, and you’d like to get to know them. But sometimes making friends can seem tough. 1 Smile. When you see them, greet them with a kind smile. 2 You may have never smiled at them before, so they may have no idea that you want to be friends with them. Smiling will plant a seed in their mind that you have some level of interest. Greet them with a “hello”. If you see them in the mornings, greet them with a “hello”. This will likely begin to spark an interest in them to know more about you and to talk to you. This will also guarantee that they notice you. 3 This is the most basic first step in making friends. Take a moment to approach them when you have some downtime and introduce yourself by name. You might say, “Hi, my name is Henry Locklear. I’m a junior. What’s your name?” Ask your common friends to introduce you. If you have common friends with this person, a great way is to have your friends introduce you to them. 4 If the two of you have common friends, it is all the more likely that you will hit it off as well. Ask a favor. One way to begin having small conversations with them is to ask for a small favor. This is a good way to guarantee that you are noticed. 5 Probably, you will be friends after that. A．Introduce yourself. B．Tell them something interesting. C．Smiles show friendliness and warmth. D．Fortunately, there are many options available to you. E．This is perhaps the easiest and most effective way to break the ice. F．For instance, you might ask them something like, “Can you grab a pencil for me?” G．You might want to shake their hand, especially if you are in a professional setting 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．E 5．F 【导语】文章主要介绍了结交新朋友、建立友谊的方法。 【解析】 1．根据上文“Friendship is an important aspect of life. Perhaps there are new persons in your school who seem cool or fun, and you’d like to get to know them. But sometimes making friends can seem tough.(友谊是生活中重要的一部分。也许你学校里新来的同学，看起来很酷或很有趣，你想要去了解他们。但有时候，交朋友似乎并不容易)”可知，空前指出有时交友看起来很困难，D选项“幸运的是，你有很多可行的选择”承接上文的困境，引出下文介绍的各类交友技巧，逻辑通顺。 2．根据上文“When you see them, greet them with a kind smile.(当你看到他们时，用友善的微笑向他们打招呼)”可知，该段核心主题是微笑，C选项“微笑展现友好与温暖”对应前文提到的用善意微笑问候对方，解释了微笑的作用，契合段落主题。 3．根据后文“This is the most basic first step in making friends. Take a moment to approach them when you have some downtime and introduce yourself by name. You might say, “Hi, my name is Henry Locklear. I’m a junior. What’s your name?”(这是交友最基本的一步。当你有空闲时间时，不妨花点时间主动接近对方，并用名字自我介绍。比如可以说：“嗨，我叫亨利·洛克利尔，我是三年级学生。你叫什么名字？”)”可知，本段的主题是自我介绍，A选项“介绍你自己”概括该段的核心内容，作为段落主题句合适。 4．根据上文“If you have common friends with this person, a great way  is to have your friends introduce you to them.(如果你和这个人有共同的朋友，一个很好的方法就是让你的朋友介绍你认识他们)”可知，该段说明可以通过共同朋友牵线介绍彼此，E选项“这或许是打破僵局最简单有效的方式”对这种借助共同好友的交友方式的优势进行总结，衔接自然。 5．根据上文“One way to begin having small conversations with them is to ask for a small favor. This is a good way to guarantee that you are noticed.(与他们开始小范围交谈的一种方式是请对方帮忙做一件小事。这能很好地确保你被注意到)”可知，该段主题是通过请对方帮个小忙开启对话，F选项“比如，你可以问他们‘能帮我递支铅笔吗？’”是对“请求小帮助”的具体举例，契合段落内容。 Passage 2 （25-26高三上·辽宁朝阳·期中） Families are very important for everyone as well as friends. Some can get on with members of their families but not with friends. Others are just opposite. Please look at the following teenagers and find out their different ideas about family and friends. Destiny Jenna 11 years old, Cowage I get on with members of my family after a quarrel but when we are actually quarrelling it’s different, although it doesn’t often happen. I get on with all of them really. I think that it depends on what they have done for me. I class some of my family as friends as well as relatives. If I am in a bad mood with someone in my family then I might choose a friend over them. I agree with the saying that you can choose your friends and not your family because your family just comes but your friends don’t, do they? Caroline Kylie, 10 years old, Blakeley I get on with my family. I think you have to get on with them even though they might quarrel, because you love them. I have never thought of a friend better than a family member because I class my family as friends as well. I never quarrel with any of my relatives, but I think that it’s right about saying that you can choose your friends but not your family. Michelle Juan, 12 years old, Blakeley I get on with my family, although I feel as if I have to when we argue. I argue with my mum quite often and she goes into a bad mood. I get on with all of them but sometimes they can be nasty and make arguments. I class my family as friends as well, although I have sometimes thought of a friend better than my family. 1．Who will choose a friend when she is unhappy? A．Destiny B．Caroline C．Michelle D．Michelle’s mother 2．Who hold the opinion that friends can be chosen but families can’t? A．Destiny B．Michelle C．Both Michelle and Caroline D．Both Destiny and Caroline 3．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．Destiny doesn’t often argue with her family members. B．Caroline sometimes quarrels with her relatives. C．Michelle makes her mother unhappy because she quarrels with her. D．Michelle’s family members sometimes say nasty things and she quarrels with them. 4．Caroline thinks her friends are as important as her family members because ________. A．her family is a friendly one. B．her family members never argue with each other. C．she classes her family as friends as well. D．her mother is always in a good mood. 5．The passage is about ________. A．family members B．how to get on with friends C．how to get on with family members D．opinions of family and friends 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】文章主要介绍三名青少年对于家人与朋友之间关系的不同看法。 【解析】 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“If I am in a bad mood with someone in my family then I might choose a friend over them.(如果我和家里某个人闹得不开心，相比家人，我可能会选择去找朋友。)”可知，Destiny心情不好时会选择朋友。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I agree with the saying that you can choose your friends and not your family because your family just comes but your friends don’t, do they?(我认同这句话：你可以选择朋友，却无法选择家人，家人与生俱来，而朋友不是。)”以及第三段中的“I never quarrel with any of my relatives, but I think that it’s right about saying that you can choose your friends but not your family.(我从不和亲戚争吵，但是我认为“你可以选择朋友，不能选择家人”这个说法是正确的。)”可知，Destiny和Caroline都认同“你可以选择朋友，不能选择家人”这个观点。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I never quarrel with any of my relatives, but I think that it’s right about saying that you can choose your friends but not your family.(我从不和亲戚争吵，但是我认为“你可以选择朋友，不能选择家人”这个说法是正确的。)”可知，Caroline从不和亲戚争吵，B选项“Caroline有时和亲人吵架”表述错误。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I have never thought of a friend better than a family member because I class my family as friends as well.(我从来不认为朋友比家人更好，因为我也把家人视作朋友。)”可知，Caroline认为朋友和家人同等重要，原因是她将家人也看作朋友。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Please look at the following teenagers and find out their different ideas about family and friends.(请看下面青少年的发言，了解他们对于家人和朋友的不同看法。)”并结合下文对每个人看法的介绍可知，文章围绕青少年对于家人与朋友的观点展开。 Passage 3 （25-26高一下·陕西安康·期中） Once again, I was at a new school. So was a girl in my class named Paris. That was where the similarities ended. I was tall and she was small. I was one of the oldest in the class while she was the youngest. My hair was thick, short and ugly while hers was long and beautiful. I was awkward and shy. She wasn’t. I couldn’t stand her, considering her my enemy. But she wanted to be friends. One day, she invited me over and I said yes — I was too shocked to say no. Actually, no one had invited me to play before. But this girl, who wore the latest fashions, wanted to invite me. She lived on the fourth floor in a two-room place. When we got to the room she shared with her sister, she took out a big case of Barbies — which was my next surprise. I would have thought she had outgrown them. I had never played with them. But we sat on the floor of a walk-in cupboard laughing as we made up crazy stories about the Barbies. That’s when we found out that we both wanted to be writers when we were older. We both had wild imaginations. We had a great time that afternoon. She showed me her outfits, which had mostly come from a designer clothing store down the block. The woman who owned it sometimes used her as a model for her newspaper ads and gave her clothes in exchange. Paris charmed (吸引) the whole neighborhood. The bookstore owners lent her fashion magazines, the movie theater gave her free passes and the pizza place let her have free pieces. Soon I was included in her magic world. We slept over at each other’s houses and spent every free moment together. I let my hair grow out and learned to love being tall. Paris, my first real friend since childhood, helped me get through my tough teenage years and taught me an amazing thing about making friends: “Your worst enemy” can turn out to be your best friend. 1．What was the author’s first impression of Paris? A．She held a poor opinion of Paris. B．She was proud of her personality. C．She thought she was similar to Paris. D．She hoped to become friends with Paris. 2．What was the author’s first surprise from Paris? A．Paris invited her to play at home. B．Paris lived in a small flat. C．Paris still played with Barbies. D．Paris shared her writing dream. 3．What influence did Paris have on the author? A．She stayed shy and awkward. B．She hated her tall height. C．She gave up writing. D．She grew more confident. 4．Which is the best title of the text? A．My Teenage School Life B．An Unexpected Best Friend C．A New School and a New Friend D．Paris, the Popular Girl in Neighborhood 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】文章主要介绍了作者转到新学校后，起初因外形、性格等差异反感同班女孩Paris，把她当作对手，后来意外接受邀请去她家玩耍，两人发现共同爱好、成为挚友，Paris改变了作者的自卑内向，也让作者明白昔日眼中的“死对头”也能成为最好的朋友。 【解析】 1．推理判断题。根据原文第一段“I couldn’t stand her, considering her my enemy. (我无法忍受她，把她当成我的敌人。)” 可知，作者起初对Paris印象很差、看法不好。 2．细节理解题。根据原文第二段“One day, she invited me over and I said yes — I was too shocked to say no. Actually, no one had invited me to play before. (有一天，她邀请我去她家，我答应了 —— 我震惊得无法拒绝。事实上，以前从没有人邀请我去玩。)” 可知，Paris主动邀请作者去家里玩，是作者对Paris感到意外的第一件事。 3．推理判断题。根据原文第五段“Soon I was included in her magic world. We slept over at each other’s houses and spent every free moment together. I let my hair grow out and learned to love being tall. (很快我也融入了她奇妙的小世界。我们互相留宿，空闲时间都在一起。我留长了头发，也开始接纳并喜欢自己高挑的身材。)” 可知，在Paris的影响下，作者变得更加自信。 4．主旨大意题。根据原文最后一段“Paris, my first real friend since childhood, helped me get through my tough teenage years and taught me an amazing thing about making friends: “Your worst enemy” can turn out to be your best friend. (Paris是我童年之后第一个真正的朋友，陪我度过难熬的少年时光，也让我领悟到一个关于交友的奇妙道理：你眼中最大的对手，可能会成为你最好的朋友。)” 及全文内容可知，文章核心是讲述一段意料之外的挚友情谊，最佳标题为“一位不期而遇的挚友”。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·重庆·阶段检测） Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. But there are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town，or changed our schools or jobs. Such changes often leave us without a friend. 1 But for many of us, the process (过程) is difficult. There are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends. Associate with others. The first step to make friends is associating with people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places. Start a conversation. Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. 2 You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating (关联的) with other people. 3 Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests always bring you and your friend together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience. Let it grow. It is a good thing to stay in touch (保持联系). However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely make him or her tired and finally you may lose your friend. 4 The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally. Enjoy your friendship. The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. 5 Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be. A．Be happy. B．Do things together. C．Don’t wait to be spoken to. D．Try not to find mistake with your friend. E．Making new friends comes easy for some people. F．For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. G．So you will need to give your friend time to react to (反应) you. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．B 4．G 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了如何交朋友，并就维持友谊给出了几点建议。 【解析】 1．根据上文“ But there are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our schools or jobs. Such changes often leave us without a friend.(但是在我们的生活中也有这样的时候，比如我们最近搬到了一个新的城镇，或者换了学校或工作。这样的变化常常使我们失去朋友)”可知，有时生活中的变化会使我们失去朋友。空格处应该描述失去朋友后应该再交朋友的情况，结合下文“But for many of us, the process (过程) is difficult. There are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.(但对我们很多人来说，这个过程是困难的。这里有一些关于如何交朋友和维持友谊的有用建议。)”可知，空格处需要解释“这个过程”是什么，且结合But可知空格处叙述内容与“困难的”相反，E选项“对有些人来说，结交新朋友很容易”符合题意。故选E。 2．根据上文“Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends.(开始交谈是结交新朋友的第二重要步骤)”提到启动对话是交朋友的第二重要步骤，结合下文“You can always start the conversation.(你可以随时开始谈话)”可知，不要等着别人和你说话，你要主动和别人说话。选项C“不要等着别人跟你说话。”正好符合交友时要主动的态度。故选C。 3．空格处是本段的小标题，根据下文“Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests always bring you and your friend together(选择有共同兴趣的朋友对于建立友谊很重要，因为这些兴趣总是把你和你的朋友联系在一起)”可知，此段强调与兴趣相同的人交友，选项B“一起做事情”符合题意，强调和你的朋友一起做事能有效帮助增进彼此的关系。故选B。 4．根据上文“It is a good thing to stay in touch (保持联系). However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend.(保持联系是件好事。然而，尽量不要给你的新朋友打电话、发信息或拜访，因为这可能会让他或她精疲力竭，最终你可能会失去你的朋友)”和下文“The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.(最好的友谊是自然成长的)”可知，本段强调不应该过于逼迫新朋友，应该给他们时间适应，你们的关系会自然发展，选项G“所以你需要给你的朋友时间来回应你”与前后文吻合，要慢慢地来不要急，要给朋友考虑的时间。故选G。 5．结合小标题“Enjoy your friendship(享受你的友谊)”和下文“Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be(试着不要改变他们，让他们变成你想要的样子)”可知，本段描述的是欣赏朋友原本的样子，不改变他们。选项D“尽量不要挑朋友的毛病”正是享受友谊的一种体现，可以引出下文不要试图改变朋友。故选D。 Passage 5 （25-26高一上·河北张家口·阶段检测） As children grow into teenagers, their friendships with peers (同龄人) become extremely important. Sometimes, this can make parents feel left out. This change is normal. Teenagers are naturally driven to form connections outside their family. These friendships are key to helping them build their own character, become more independent, and find a place where they belong. The good feeling that comes from having strong friendships is not just an idea; it is supported by science. One large study of over 111,000 adolescents found that those with strong circles of friends showed fewer signs of depression. Teen friendships offer a wide range of benefits: ·Better Mental Health: Lower levels of anxiety and depression. ·Higher Self-worth: More confidence and a positive view of life. ·Greater Toughness: A better ability to handle stress and manage emotions. ·Physical Health Benefits: A healthier immune system and even a longer life. ·Social Skills: Increased ability to understand others (empathy), more trust in people, and improved thinking skills. Furthermore, having close friendships during the teenage years leads to better mental health in adulthood. Research published in the journal Child Development followed 169 people from age 15 to 25. It compared two groups: teenagers with strong, close friendships and those who were popular with a large group. Each year, the participants answered questions about their anxiety, depression, and self-worth. The results were clear. By age 25, the people who had close friends as teens reported higher self-worth and lower levels of social anxiety and depression compared to those who were just popular. This suggests that deep, real friendships where teenagers feel understood for who they are provide the most important long-term advantages. 1．What was found about teens with strong friendships? A．They had better physical health. B．They performed better in school. C．They had higher levels of happiness. D．They had fewer arguments with their parents. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Friendships don’t affect physical health. B．Teens’ close friends mean better adult mental health. C．Parents are always happy about their teens’ friendships. D．Popular teens had better mental health than teens with close friends. 3．What would the author most likely agree with? A．Feeling understood by friends matters. B．Teen friendships are to replace their family. C．Parents worry if their teens have a few close friends. D．Being popular in school means high adult self-worth. 4．How does the author develop the argument about friendship? A．By telling personal stories only. B．By supporting the idea with research. C．By comparing school life with adulthood. D．By suggesting parents avoid peer influence. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了青少年时期牢固的友谊对青少年自身发展的诸多益处，包括心理健康、自我价值感、抗压能力、身体健康以及社交技能等方面，并且指出青少年时期有亲密朋友对成年后的心理健康也有积极影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One large study of over 111,000 adolescents found that those with strong circles of friends showed fewer signs of depression.(一项对超过111000名青少年的大型研究发现，那些有强大朋友圈的青少年表现出更少的抑郁迹象)”可知，有牢固友谊的青少年抑郁迹象更少，这意味着他们有更高水平的幸福感。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Furthermore, having close friendships during the teenage years leads to better mental health in adulthood.(此外，青少年时期拥有亲密的友谊会导致成年后更好的心理健康)”可知，青少年时期的亲密朋友意味着成年后更好的心理健康。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The results were clear. By age 25, the people who had close friends as teens reported higher self-worth and lower levels of social anxiety and depression compared to those who were just popular. This suggests that deep, real friendships where teenagers feel understood for who they are provide the most important long-term advantages.(结果很清楚。到25岁时，与那些只是受欢迎的人相比，那些在青少年时期有亲密朋友的人自我价值感更高，社交焦虑和抑郁水平更低。这表明，青少年感到被理解的深厚、真实的友谊能提供最重要的长期优势)”可知，青少年感到被理解的深厚、真实的友谊能提供最重要的长期优势。由此推知，作者最可能认同“被朋友理解很重要”这一观点。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“One large study of over 111,000 adolescents found that those with strong circles of friends showed fewer signs of depression.(一项对超过111000名青少年的大型研究发现，那些有强大朋友圈的青少年表现出更少的抑郁迹象)”和倒数第二段中的“Research published in the journal Child Development followed 169 people from age 15 to 25. It compared two groups: teenagers with strong, close friendships and those who were popular with a large group. Each year, the participants answered questions about their anxiety, depression, and self-worth.(发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的这项研究跟踪了169人，从15岁到25岁。它比较了两组人：拥有牢固亲密友谊的青少年和在一大群人中受欢迎的青少年。每年，参与者都要回答有关他们的焦虑、抑郁和自我价值的问题)”可推知，作者通过相关研究来支持自己关于友谊的观点。故选B项。 Passage 6 （25-26高一上·浙江台州·期中） Teens with dominant (占主导地位的) friends are at higher risk for mental health problems, according to a new research republished from The Conversation. Dominant friends often control decision-making power. They can also control others’ behavior, like by making the junior friend go to a party they don’t want to attend. Friendships are extremely important relationships for teens, but are they always a positive influence? Some psychology researchers were interested in the potential psychological results of having dominant friends. They predicted (预测) that being part of this kind of friendship might make teenagers feel useless or anxious. To investigate it, 388 teenagers were surveyed at U. S. high schools five times across one year. Each time, teen participants were asked to answer questions about their close friends’ dominating behaviors: Do they make all the decisions? Do they always get their way? Consistent with researchers’ predictions before, they found that when teenagers felt powerless in their close friendships — like their friends always made the decision — they experienced lower self-value and more symptoms (症状) of depression or anxiety. Although some teens might be OK going with the flow and letting their friends take the control, the study found some of the first evidence that this kind of unequal relationship can be psychologically harmful. Healthy friendships should offer both partners opportunities to have a say and make decisions. The findings suggest that it’s important to teach teens how to form healthy, fair friendships. One friend shouldn’t always feel bossed around or powerless. Also, teenagers may benefit from receiving help in developing effective communication tools for asserting (坚持主张) their wants and needs to their close friends. 1．Which kind of person below is probably a dominant friend? A．One who knows how to make decisions. B．One who is willing to respect friends’ needs. C．One who always asks friends to buy food for him. D．One who attends the party his friend doesn’t want to. 2．How might most teens with dominant friends feel? A．Lonely. B．Self-respected. C．Positive. D．Valueless. 3．Based on the findings, what is important in forming healthy friendships for teenagers? A．Allowing one friend to always make the decisions. B．Ensuring that one friend always feels powerless. C．Having friendships where one partner feels bossed around. D．Having equal chances to express their opinions and make decisions. 4．What might the researchers suggest teens with dominant friends doing? A．Expressing their own needs firmly. B．Taking back control of the relationship. C．Letting dominant friends take the control. D．Ending the friendship with dominant friends. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究表明，有强势朋友的青少年患心理健康问题的风险更高，并阐述了强势朋友的特点、对青少年心理的影响以及如何建立健康的友谊关系。 【解析】 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Dominant friends often control decision-making power. They can also control others’ behavior, like by making the junior friend go to a party they don’t want to attend.(强势的朋友经常控制决策权。他们还可以控制别人的行为，比如让年纪小的朋友去参加他们不想参加的聚会)”可知，强势的朋友会控制别人的行为，C项“总是让朋友给他买食物的人”符合这一特征。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“Consistent with researchers’ predictions before, they found that when teenagers felt powerless in their close friendships — like their friends always made the decision—they experienced lower self-value and more symptoms (症状) of depression or anxiety.(与研究人员此前的预测一致，他们发现，当青少年在亲密友谊中感到无力时——比如他们的朋友总是做决定——他们的自我价值感会降低，抑郁或焦虑的症状会更多)”可知，大多数有强势朋友的青少年可能会觉得自己没有价值。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Healthy friendships should offer both partners opportunities to have a say and make decisions.(健康的友谊应该为双方提供发表意见和做决定的机会)”可知，对于青少年来说，建立健康友谊重要的是有平等的机会表达他们的意见和做出决定。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The findings suggest that it’s important to teach teens how to form healthy, fair friendships. One friend shouldn’t always feel bossed around or powerless. Also, teenagers may benefit from receiving help in developing effective communication tools for asserting (坚持主张) their wants and needs to their close friends.(研究结果表明，教育青少年如何建立健康、公平的友谊很重要。一个朋友不应该总是觉得被指使或无力。此外，青少年可能会从获得帮助中受益，帮助他们开发有效的沟通工具，向亲密的朋友坚持主张自己的需求)”可知，研究人员可能会建议有强势朋友的青少年坚定地表达自己的需求。故选A项。 Passage 7 （25-26高一上·安徽宣城·期末） Did you know we lose half our friends every seven years? The most common reason we do isn’t that we’ve become basically incompatible (不相容的). It’s because we’re no longer in the same place at the same time. 1 . We need something called “shared social contexts (环境)” for them to continue. The problem, however, may not be that friendships commonly decrease in closeness over time. 2 . One study found that reaching out to a friend whom we haven’t spoken to in a while is just as uncomfortable as reaching out to a stranger. Another study on long-distance friendships showed when we assume that a friendship is “flexible” and not “fragile (脆弱的),” it’s more long-lasting. 3 . This means that if we haven’t spoken to a friend in a while, we should assume that we can still reconnect at any time. About half of friendships did not increase in closeness straight. They went through ups and downs. 4 . About a quarter of close friendships turned into casual ones gradually at some time point, but then ended up transforming into best friendships later on. How do we get ourselves to reach out to these old friends? We need supporting strategies. One study involved having people send several messages to present friends, and then they were given time to text a message to an old friend. When they practiced starting contact with old friends, they were more likely to reach out to the old friend. 5 . You still share memories, history, and an awareness that you have the possibility to like each other, because you have in the past. Friendships don’t end as much as fall asleep, and a simple check- in can wake them back up. A．Many of our friendships are actually “locationships” B．Your no longer active friendships are not those of strangers C．Keeping your old friendships may cost you time and energy D．The key to such friendships is a positive attitude towards flexibility E．Some friendships even take a “break” before becoming closer again F．It is that we may assume friendship is over just because it is less close G．Few friendships can stand the test of time, according to some researchers 【答案】1．A 2．F 3．D 4．E 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。人们每七年会失去半数朋友，多因环境改变而非不合。友谊需共同环境，我们常因疏远误以为结束。保持积极灵活心态、主动联系，可重连旧友，友谊多是沉睡而非终结。 【解析】 1．根据上文“Did you know we lose half our friends every seven years? The most common reason we do isn’t that we’ve become basically incompatible (不相容的). It’s because we’re no longer in the same place at the same time(你知道吗？我们每七年就会失去一半的朋友。 最常见的原因**并不是我们变得彼此不合，而是我们无法再在同一时间、身处同一个地方。）”以及下文“We need something called “shared social contexts” for them to continue.(我们需要所谓的“共同社交环境”才能让友谊延续)”可知，空格处需承接前文“地理位置不同导致友谊变淡”这一原因，对这类依赖地点的友谊进行概括。A选项“Many of our friendships are actually “locationships””(我们的许多友谊其实都是“靠地点维系的关系”)精准承接前文，点明友谊依赖共同环境，与后文“shared social contexts”形成呼应，符合语境。故选A项。 2．根据上文“The problem, however, may not be that friendships commonly decrease in closeness over time. (然而，问题可能并不在于友谊会随着时间变得疏远)”可知，空格处需以“It is that…”构成“not…but…”转折结构，指出真正的问题所在。F选项“It is that we may assume friendship is over just because it is less close (问题在于我们可能仅仅因为关系没那么亲密就认定友谊已经结束)与前一句形成完整转折，点明人们对友谊的错误认知，符合语境。故选F项。 3．根据上文“Another study on long-distance friendships showed when we assume that a friendship is “flexible” and not “fragile (脆弱的),” it’s more long-lasting (另一项关于异地友谊的研究表明，当我们认为一段友谊是“有弹性的”而非 “脆弱的”，它就会更持久)”可知，空格处需承接前文“flexible”这一核心词，说明维持这类友谊的关键。D选项“The key to such friendships is a positive attitude towards flexibility”(这类友谊的关键在于对弹性保持积极态度)精准呼应前文“flexible”，进一步解释研究结论，符合语境。故选D项。 4．根据上文“About half of friendships did not increase in closeness straight. They went through ups and downs.(大约一半的友谊并不会一直变得亲密，它们会经历起伏)”以及下文“About a quarter of close friendships turned into casual ones gradually at some time point, but then ended up transforming into best friendships later on.(约四分之一的亲密友谊会在某一时刻逐渐变成普通友谊，但后来又重新变成最好的友谊)”可知，空格处需进一步说明友谊会经历暂停再重新变亲密的过程。E选项“Some friendships even take a “break” before becoming closer again (有些友谊甚至会先“暂停”，然后再次变得亲密) 承接前文“起伏”，并与后文内容一致，符合语境。故选E项。 5．根据下文“You still share memories, history, and an awareness that you have the possibility to like each other, because you have in the past.(你们仍然共享回忆、过往，并且知道你们有可能互相喜欢，因为你们曾经喜欢过)”可知，空格处需强调老朋友和陌生人不一样。B选项“Your no longer active friendships are not those of strangers”(你那些不再活跃的友谊并不是陌生人的关系)引出后文老朋友之间依然存在的联结，与“stranger”形成对比，符合语境。故选B项。 Passage 8 （23-24高一上·河北唐山·期中） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dear Worried Friend, You wrote that you are very worried 1 your friend, Chen Lei. I understand quite 2 (good) that you are anxious and feel terrible. You think that your friend 3 (play) computer games too often and spends too much time online. I suggest that you talk to your friend about his behavior. It is not unusual for 4 (teenager) of your generation 5 (attract) to computer games and the online world. But 6 (spend) too much time online is unhealthy and makes 7 very difficult to focus on other things in life. Some students even become addicted to the Internet and cannot concentrate on school and family life. I think you should encourage your friend 8 (try) new hobbies. Why not 9 (discuss) the problem together? I am sure he will listen to you, since you are 10 (he) good friend. All the best, Susan Luo 【答案】 1．about 2．well 3．plays 4．teenagers 5．to be attracted 6．spending 7．it 8．to try 9．discuss 10．his 【导语】文章是一封Susan Luo写给担心朋友沉迷网络的人的邮件，介绍了沉迷网络的不良影响以及提出建议。 【解析】 1．考查介词。句意：你写道，你非常担心你的朋友陈磊。短语be worried about表示“担心”。 2．考查副词。句意：我完全明白你现在的焦虑情绪以及所承受的痛苦。修饰动词understand应用副词well，作状语。 3．考查动词时态。句意：你觉得你的朋友玩电脑游戏的次数太多了，而且上网的时间也太长了。根据后文“too often and spends too much time online”可知为一般现在时，主语为friend，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 4．考查名词的数。句意：对于你们这一代的青少年来说，被电脑游戏和网络世界所吸引是再正常不过的事情了。teenager为可数名词，泛指多个青少年，用复数形式。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：对于你们这一代的青少年来说，被电脑游戏和网络世界所吸引是再正常不过的事情了。此处attract与teenagers构成被动关系，此处为句型It be adj. for sb. to do sth.，故用to be done形式。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：但长时间上网是不健康的，还会让人难以专注于日常生活中的其他事情。句子缺少主语，故应用动名词形式作主语。 7．考查形式宾语。句意：但长时间上网是不健康的，还会让人难以专注于日常生活中的其他事情。此处为“make it adj. to do sth.”，it作形式宾语，不定式为真正宾语。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：我认为你应该鼓励你的朋友尝试一些新的爱好。短语encourage sb. to do sth.表示“鼓励某人做某事”。 9．考查动词。句意：为什么不一起讨论这个问题呢？why not后接动词原形。 10．考查代词。句意：我相信他会听你的，因为你是他的好朋友。修饰后文名词短语good friends，应用形容词性物主代词his。 Passage 9 （25-26高一上·陕西西安·阶段检测） My friendship with the students in a primary school in Uganda started on a shaky ground. The 1 of not being understood was hidden within, for they spoke a language different from that of mine and mine too fell on deaf ears. I greeted them with a wide smile, and when I spoke further, they replied with ice cold 2 . A reminder echoed in my mind: you must live through it to get to them. So I gave it another try. I spoke 3 English with hand gestures and a bit of dancing. If all failed, the smile would 4 . Soon we struggled to make things better and then the 5 of the learners came into play. When a name was called, trembles (颤抖) and face covering were the response I got. I decided to 6 a desk with a team each day during group work to get closer. After school, I accompanied them home. 7 we became friends. They were even 8 of my favorite fruit, avocado (牛油果) . If I didn’t get one on my desk, it would find me wherever I was. My slippers were worn out. One night I left them out as no one could steal a pair of slippers in that condition. The next morning, I was ready to drag my slippers on as usual and I was surprised they had been 9 . Wow! The little things we do for each other bring us great joy and warmth. We don’t have a proper spoken language, but we are fluent in the language of 10 . 1．A．anger B．fear C．confusion D．disappointment 2．A．agreement B．appreciation C．comment D．silence 3．A．simple B．official C．rich D．unusual 4．A．turn up B．break up C．take over D．go over 5．A．shyness B．laziness C．loneliness D．calmness 6．A．clear B．share C．search D．exchange 7．A．Suddenly B．Obviously C．Accidentally D．Gradually 8．A．fond B．aware C．afraid D．proud 9．A．packed B．cleaned C．repaired D．stolen 10．A．wisdom B．admiration C．friendship D．confidence 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者与Uganda一所小学学生的友谊从艰难起步，通过努力交流、拉近关系，逐渐成为朋友，学生知晓其喜好，还帮修拖鞋，彼此用行动诠释了友谊。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不被理解的恐惧隐藏在内心深处，因为他们说的语言和我的不同，我的话也没人听。A. anger愤怒；B. fear恐惧；C. confusion困惑；D. disappointment失望。根据后文“for they spoke a language different from that of mine and mine too fell on deaf ears”可知，因为他们说的语言和作者的不同，作者的话也没人听，因此作者内心隐藏着不被理解的恐惧。故选B项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我微笑着向他们打招呼，当我进一步说话时，他们以冰冷的沉默回应。A. agreement同意；B. appreciation欣赏；C. comment评论；D. silence沉默。根据前文“I greeted them with a wide smile, and when I spoke further, they replied with ice cold”可知，作者以灿烂的笑容向他们打招呼，学生们以冰冷的沉默回应。故选D项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我用简单的英语，加上手势和一些舞蹈动作来进行交流。A. simple简单的；B. official官方的；C. rich丰富的；D. unusual不寻常的。根据后文“English with hand gestures and a bit of dancing”可知，由于语言不通，作者只能使用简单的英语并配合手势和舞蹈来尝试与学生交流，“simple”符合语境，故选A项。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果一切都失败了，微笑会取代一切。A. turn up出现；B. break up分手、解散；C. take over接管；D. go over复习、仔细检查。根据前文“If all failed”可知，如果一切都失败了，微笑会取代一切即以微笑作为唯一的沟通方式。故选C项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快我们努力让情况好转，然后学习者的害羞开始起作用了。A. shyness害羞；B. laziness懒惰；C. loneliness孤独；D. calmness冷静。根据后文“When a name was called, trembles (颤抖) and face covering were the response I got.”可知，当作者叫学生的名字时，学生颤抖并遮住脸，这说明学生很害羞。故选A项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定在小组活动中每天和一个团队共用一张桌子，以便更亲近他们。A. clear清理；B. share分享，共用；C. search搜索；D. exchange交换。根据后文“a desk with a team each day during group work to get closer”可知，作者为了和学生更亲近，决定在小组活动中每天和一个团队共用一张桌子。故选B项。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，我们成为了朋友。A. Suddenly突然；B. Obviously显然；C. Accidentally偶然地；D. Gradually逐渐地。根据前文“I decided to ______ a desk with a team each day during group work to get closer. After school, I accompanied them home.”可知作者一开始和学生交流有困难，后来通过努力和学生共用桌子、陪学生回家等方式逐渐和学生熟悉起来，所以此处表示渐渐地，作者和学生成为了朋友。故选D项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们甚至知道我最喜欢的水果是牛油果。A. fond喜欢的；B. aware知道的；C. afraid害怕的；D. proud骄傲的。根据后文“If I didn’t get one on my desk, it would find me wherever I was.”可知，如果作者的桌子上没有牛油果，学生就会把牛油果给作者，这说明学生知道作者喜欢牛油果。故选B项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，我像往常一样准备拖上拖鞋，令我惊讶的是，它们已经被修好了。A. packed打包；B. cleaned清理；C. repaired修理；D. stolen偷。根据前文“My slippers were worn out.”可知作者的拖鞋穿坏了，结合后文“Wow”以及作者的反应可知，学生把作者的拖鞋修好了。故选C项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们没有合适的口语，但我们精通友谊的语言。A. wisdom智慧；B. admiration钦佩；C. friendship友谊；D. confidence自信。根据前文“______ we became friends.”可知，作者和学生从一开始交流有困难到后来成为朋友，彼此关心，所以此处表示作者和学生虽然语言不通，但精通友谊的语言。故选C项。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 1 / 29 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Friends forever 朋友 单元阅读精练 The Story of Boya and Zhong Ziqi The story of Bo Ya and Zhong Ziqi took place during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods. Yu Boya, a high official of the State of Jin, went on an official visit to the State of Chu. He stopped his boat at the foot of Guishan Mountain in Hanyang, along the Yangtze River in Wuhan. There, Boya met Zhong Ziqi, a local woodcutter (樵夫) from the State of Chu. Boya expressed his inner thoughts and dreams by playing the guqin, while Ziqi could fully understand the feelings behind the music. The two became close friends through the classic music pieceHigh Mountains and Flowing Waters. The next year, Boya returned to the place as he had promised. However, he was sad to find that Ziqi had died of illness. Boya played the guqin one last time to mourn (悼念) his best friend. After that, he broke his guqin and its strings, and made up his mind never to play the instrument again for the rest of his life. This ancient story has created a special "Bosom Friend Culture" (知音文化) in Chinese tradition. It advocates the values of mutual understanding, shared dreams, sincerity, trust and friendly cooperation. Inspired by this famous legend, many traditional art works have been created. They include the guqin music High Mountains and Flowing Waters, traditional Chinese paintings, local Hubei folk music and traditional operas themed on the friendship of Boya and Ziqi. In 2014, the Legend of Boya and Ziqi was added to the fourth national list of Representative Projects of Intangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产) for protection. 【译文欣赏】 伯牙与子期的故事发生在春秋战国时期。晋国高官俞伯牙出使楚国，将船停泊在武汉长江边汉阳龟山脚下。在这里，伯牙遇见了楚国本地的樵夫钟子期。伯牙通过弹奏古琴抒发内心的思绪与志向，而子期完全能读懂乐曲背后蕴含的情感。二人凭借名曲《高山流水》结为至交。 第二年，伯牙依约重返此地，却悲痛地得知子期已经病逝。伯牙最后一次抚琴，悼念自己的知己。一曲终了，他摔破古琴、扯断琴弦，决意此生不再弹琴。 这个古老的故事，在中国传统文化中孕育出独特的 “知音文化”。它倡导相知相惜、志同道合、真诚守信、友善相交的美好品质。受这则著名传说启发，诞生了大量传统艺术作品，包括古琴曲《高山流水》、国画、湖北地方民间音乐以及以伯牙子期情谊为主题的传统戏曲。 2014 年，伯牙子期传说列入第四批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录，受到保护。 【词汇积累】 1.inner /ˈɪnə(r)/adj. 内心的，内部的 2.advocate /ˈædvəkət/v. 倡导，提倡 3.mutual /ˈmjuːtʃuəl/adj. 相互的，彼此的 4.sincerity /sɪnˈserəti/n. 真诚，诚挚 5.intangible /ɪnˈtændʒəbl/adj. 无形的 6.heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/n. 遗产 【知识拓展】 ✅ 文化背景 1.Yu Boya & Zhong Ziqi 伯牙与钟子期 典故知音的来源。伯牙善鼓琴，钟子期善听。“高山流水” 既指古琴名曲，也用来比喻知己或乐曲高妙。后世常用 “高山流水遇知音” 形容难得的心灵知己。 2.Guqin 古琴 中国传统弹拨弦乐器，有三千多年历史，是中国古老雅乐代表，属于非遗。 ✅ 语言考点 1.句式：while 引导并列句，表对比，译为 “而” Boya expressed..., while Ziqi could fully understand... 2.分词作状语：Inspired by this famous legend… 受这一传说启发……（过去分词表被动，语法填空高频考点） 3.固定搭配：die of illness 病逝（die of + 内因；die from + 外因） 【词汇延伸】 1.sincere adj. 真诚的 → sincerity n. 真诚 2.make up one's mind 下定决心 3.be added to 被列入；被增添到 4.representative project 代表性项目 【高考真题链接】 (2026·北京·高考真题) Ivy and Mia were best friends. But as they grew older, there was a shift. Mia shone easily in after-school activities. She was a talented singer and won the 1 of all. The teachers praised her, and friends gathered around her, requesting her to sing. Ivy felt 2 . Mia, however, didn’t know it and went her way as usual. Ivy recognised a(n) 3 feeling when Mia was applauded, and an ache in the heart when she compared herself with Mia. Jealousy (嫉妒) grew silently in her heart, like a shadow. One day, Mia came to Ivy and told her excitedly, “I’ve been selected for the inter-school competition!” Ivy 4 a smile. “That’s great” was all she said. That evening, she sat in her room, staring into space. Why her? Why not me? Such thoughts filled her mind. She started 5 Mia. Their conversations became short. Having noticed this, Mia asked Ivy, “Did I hurt you? You seem to be 6 .” Ivy hesitated, and then admitted how she felt. Mia was surprised but smiled gently. “Do you know?” she said, “I’ve always admired you. I might be able to get attention 7 , but you have the strength for steady growth. We’re not competing. We’re just different.” Over time, the 8 faded (消退). Ivy finally realised: Jealousy doesn’t come from the success of others — it comes when we forget our own 9 . And once that takes root, there’s no need to 10 . 1．A．credibility B．admiration C．sympathy D．confidence 2．A．taken in B．picked on C．left out D．turned down 3．A．contented B．refreshing C．unsettled D．inclusive 4．A．radiated B．forced C．expected D．witnessed 5．A．avoiding B．accepting C．forgiving D．frightening 6．A．guilty B．shocked C．distant D．confused 7．A．fearlessly B．desperately C．hesitantly D．effortlessly 8．A．hope B．shadow C．bond D．light 9．A．worth B．limit C．past D．fault 10．A．control B．comment C．confirm D．compare ( 1. Ivy recognised a (n) uncomfortable feeling when Mia was applauded, and an ache in the heart when she compared herself with Mia. ✅译文：每当米娅获得掌声时，艾维就会感受到一种不安的情绪；每当拿自己和米娅对比时，她的内心就一阵难受。 •主干：Ivy recognised a feeling and an ache.（艾维感受到一种情绪和一阵心痛） •两个when 引导时间状语从句并列： ① when Mia was applauded （被动语态，当米娅被称赞 / 获得掌声） ② when she compared herself with Mia （compare A with B 把 A 和 B 作对比） 2. Jealousy doesn ' t come from the success of others — it comes when we forget our own value. ✅译文：嫉妒并非源于他人的成功，而是产生于我们忘记自身价值的时候。 •破折号：解释说明 •主句 + when 引导状语从句 3. And once that takes root, there ' s no need to struggle. ✅译文：而一旦嫉妒生根，我们不必苦苦挣扎。 •once：连词，一旦，引导条件状语从句 •take root：固定短语，生根；扎根 ) ( 1.applaud /əˈplɔ : d/v. 鼓掌；称赞 2.compare /kəmˈpeə(r)/v. 比较 3.select /sɪˈlekt/v. 挑选，选拔 4.hesitate /ˈhezɪteɪt/v. 犹豫 5.admit /ədˈmɪt/v. 承认；准许进入（admit doing sth 承认做某事） 6.fade /feɪd/v. 消退；褪色 7.stare into space 呆呆地望着空中，出神 ) 【综合实战演练】 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解七选五 说明文 317 结交新朋友、建立友谊的方法 Passage2 阅读理解 应用文 301 三名青少年对于家人与朋友之间关系的不同看法 Passage3 阅读理解 记叙文 352 昔日眼中的“死对头”也能成为最好的朋友 Passage4 阅读理解七选五 说明 287 如何交朋友，并维持友谊 Passage5 阅读理解 说明文 278 青少年时期牢固的友谊对青少年自身发展的诸多益处 Passage6 阅读理解 说明文 290 强势朋友的特点、对青少年心理的影响以及如何建立健康的友谊关系 Passage7 阅读理解七选五 说明文 299 人们每七年会失去半数朋友，多因环境改变而非不合 Passage8 语法填空 应用文 149 写给担心朋友沉迷网络的人的邮件 Passage9 完形填空 记叙文 271 作者与Uganda一所小学学生的友谊从艰难起步，通过努力交流、拉近关系，逐渐成为朋友 Passage 1 （26-27高一上·四川眉山·期中） How to Make Friends with Someone Whether you’re starting a new school or joining a workplace team, there’s often someone you want to connect with but haven’t the courage to talk to yet. Below are practical tips to help you start a meaningful conversation, and lay the foundation for a lasting friendship. You’ve Never Spoken to Before Friendship is an important aspect of life. Perhaps there are new persons in your school who seem cool or fun, and you’d like to get to know them. But sometimes making friends can seem tough. 1 Smile. When you see them, greet them with a kind smile. 2 You may have never smiled at them before, so they may have no idea that you want to be friends with them. Smiling will plant a seed in their mind that you have some level of interest. Greet them with a “hello”. If you see them in the mornings, greet them with a “hello”. This will likely begin to spark an interest in them to know more about you and to talk to you. This will also guarantee that they notice you. 3 This is the most basic first step in making friends. Take a moment to approach them when you have some downtime and introduce yourself by name. You might say, “Hi, my name is Henry Locklear. I’m a junior. What’s your name?” Ask your common friends to introduce you. If you have common friends with this person, a great way is to have your friends introduce you to them. 4 If the two of you have common friends, it is all the more likely that you will hit it off as well. Ask a favor. One way to begin having small conversations with them is to ask for a small favor. This is a good way to guarantee that you are noticed. 5 Probably, you will be friends after that. A．Introduce yourself. B．Tell them something interesting. C．Smiles show friendliness and warmth. D．Fortunately, there are many options available to you. E．This is perhaps the easiest and most effective way to break the ice. F．For instance, you might ask them something like, “Can you grab a pencil for me?” G．You might want to shake their hand, especially if you are in a professional setting Passage 2 （25-26高三上·辽宁朝阳·期中） Families are very important for everyone as well as friends. Some can get on with members of their families but not with friends. Others are just opposite. Please look at the following teenagers and find out their different ideas about family and friends. Destiny Jenna 11 years old, Cowage I get on with members of my family after a quarrel but when we are actually quarrelling it’s different, although it doesn’t often happen. I get on with all of them really. I think that it depends on what they have done for me. I class some of my family as friends as well as relatives. If I am in a bad mood with someone in my family then I might choose a friend over them. I agree with the saying that you can choose your friends and not your family because your family just comes but your friends don’t, do they? Caroline Kylie, 10 years old, Blakeley I get on with my family. I think you have to get on with them even though they might quarrel, because you love them. I have never thought of a friend better than a family member because I class my family as friends as well. I never quarrel with any of my relatives, but I think that it’s right about saying that you can choose your friends but not your family. Michelle Juan, 12 years old, Blakeley I get on with my family, although I feel as if I have to when we argue. I argue with my mum quite often and she goes into a bad mood. I get on with all of them but sometimes they can be nasty and make arguments. I class my family as friends as well, although I have sometimes thought of a friend better than my family. 1．Who will choose a friend when she is unhappy? A．Destiny B．Caroline C．Michelle D．Michelle’s mother 2．Who hold the opinion that friends can be chosen but families can’t? A．Destiny B．Michelle C．Both Michelle and Caroline D．Both Destiny and Caroline 3．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．Destiny doesn’t often argue with her family members. B．Caroline sometimes quarrels with her relatives. C．Michelle makes her mother unhappy because she quarrels with her. D．Michelle’s family members sometimes say nasty things and she quarrels with them. 4．Caroline thinks her friends are as important as her family members because ________. A．her family is a friendly one. B．her family members never argue with each other. C．she classes her family as friends as well. D．her mother is always in a good mood. 5．The passage is about ________. A．family members B．how to get on with friends C．how to get on with family members D．opinions of family and friends Passage 3 （25-26高一下·陕西安康·期中） Once again, I was at a new school. So was a girl in my class named Paris. That was where the similarities ended. I was tall and she was small. I was one of the oldest in the class while she was the youngest. My hair was thick, short and ugly while hers was long and beautiful. I was awkward and shy. She wasn’t. I couldn’t stand her, considering her my enemy. But she wanted to be friends. One day, she invited me over and I said yes — I was too shocked to say no. Actually, no one had invited me to play before. But this girl, who wore the latest fashions, wanted to invite me. She lived on the fourth floor in a two-room place. When we got to the room she shared with her sister, she took out a big case of Barbies — which was my next surprise. I would have thought she had outgrown them. I had never played with them. But we sat on the floor of a walk-in cupboard laughing as we made up crazy stories about the Barbies. That’s when we found out that we both wanted to be writers when we were older. We both had wild imaginations. We had a great time that afternoon. She showed me her outfits, which had mostly come from a designer clothing store down the block. The woman who owned it sometimes used her as a model for her newspaper ads and gave her clothes in exchange. Paris charmed (吸引) the whole neighborhood. The bookstore owners lent her fashion magazines, the movie theater gave her free passes and the pizza place let her have free pieces. Soon I was included in her magic world. We slept over at each other’s houses and spent every free moment together. I let my hair grow out and learned to love being tall. Paris, my first real friend since childhood, helped me get through my tough teenage years and taught me an amazing thing about making friends: “Your worst enemy” can turn out to be your best friend. 1．What was the author’s first impression of Paris? A．She held a poor opinion of Paris. B．She was proud of her personality. C．She thought she was similar to Paris. D．She hoped to become friends with Paris. 2．What was the author’s first surprise from Paris? A．Paris invited her to play at home. B．Paris lived in a small flat. C．Paris still played with Barbies. D．Paris shared her writing dream. 3．What influence did Paris have on the author? A．She stayed shy and awkward. B．She hated her tall height. C．She gave up writing. D．She grew more confident. 4．Which is the best title of the text? A．My Teenage School Life B．An Unexpected Best Friend C．A New School and a New Friend D．Paris, the Popular Girl in Neighborhood Passage 4 （25-26高一上·重庆·阶段检测） Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. But there are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town，or changed our schools or jobs. Such changes often leave us without a friend. 1 But for many of us, the process (过程) is difficult. There are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends. Associate with others. The first step to make friends is associating with people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places. Start a conversation. Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. 2 You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating (关联的) with other people. 3 Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests always bring you and your friend together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience. Let it grow. It is a good thing to stay in touch (保持联系). However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely make him or her tired and finally you may lose your friend. 4 The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally. Enjoy your friendship. The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. 5 Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be. A．Be happy. B．Do things together. C．Don’t wait to be spoken to. D．Try not to find mistake with your friend. E．Making new friends comes easy for some people. F．For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. G．So you will need to give your friend time to react to (反应) you. Passage 5 （25-26高一上·河北张家口·阶段检测） As children grow into teenagers, their friendships with peers (同龄人) become extremely important. Sometimes, this can make parents feel left out. This change is normal. Teenagers are naturally driven to form connections outside their family. These friendships are key to helping them build their own character, become more independent, and find a place where they belong. The good feeling that comes from having strong friendships is not just an idea; it is supported by science. One large study of over 111,000 adolescents found that those with strong circles of friends showed fewer signs of depression. Teen friendships offer a wide range of benefits: ·Better Mental Health: Lower levels of anxiety and depression. ·Higher Self-worth: More confidence and a positive view of life. ·Greater Toughness: A better ability to handle stress and manage emotions. ·Physical Health Benefits: A healthier immune system and even a longer life. ·Social Skills: Increased ability to understand others (empathy), more trust in people, and improved thinking skills. Furthermore, having close friendships during the teenage years leads to better mental health in adulthood. Research published in the journal Child Development followed 169 people from age 15 to 25. It compared two groups: teenagers with strong, close friendships and those who were popular with a large group. Each year, the participants answered questions about their anxiety, depression, and self-worth. The results were clear. By age 25, the people who had close friends as teens reported higher self-worth and lower levels of social anxiety and depression compared to those who were just popular. This suggests that deep, real friendships where teenagers feel understood for who they are provide the most important long-term advantages. 1．What was found about teens with strong friendships? A．They had better physical health. B．They performed better in school. C．They had higher levels of happiness. D．They had fewer arguments with their parents. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．Friendships don’t affect physical health. B．Teens’ close friends mean better adult mental health. C．Parents are always happy about their teens’ friendships. D．Popular teens had better mental health than teens with close friends. 3．What would the author most likely agree with? A．Feeling understood by friends matters. B．Teen friendships are to replace their family. C．Parents worry if their teens have a few close friends. D．Being popular in school means high adult self-worth. 4．How does the author develop the argument about friendship? A．By telling personal stories only. B．By supporting the idea with research. C．By comparing school life with adulthood. D．By suggesting parents avoid peer influence. Passage 6 （25-26高一上·浙江台州·期中） Teens with dominant (占主导地位的) friends are at higher risk for mental health problems, according to a new research republished from The Conversation. Dominant friends often control decision-making power. They can also control others’ behavior, like by making the junior friend go to a party they don’t want to attend. Friendships are extremely important relationships for teens, but are they always a positive influence? Some psychology researchers were interested in the potential psychological results of having dominant friends. They predicted (预测) that being part of this kind of friendship might make teenagers feel useless or anxious. To investigate it, 388 teenagers were surveyed at U. S. high schools five times across one year. Each time, teen participants were asked to answer questions about their close friends’ dominating behaviors: Do they make all the decisions? Do they always get their way? Consistent with researchers’ predictions before, they found that when teenagers felt powerless in their close friendships — like their friends always made the decision — they experienced lower self-value and more symptoms (症状) of depression or anxiety. Although some teens might be OK going with the flow and letting their friends take the control, the study found some of the first evidence that this kind of unequal relationship can be psychologically harmful. Healthy friendships should offer both partners opportunities to have a say and make decisions. The findings suggest that it’s important to teach teens how to form healthy, fair friendships. One friend shouldn’t always feel bossed around or powerless. Also, teenagers may benefit from receiving help in developing effective communication tools for asserting (坚持主张) their wants and needs to their close friends. 1．Which kind of person below is probably a dominant friend? A．One who knows how to make decisions. B．One who is willing to respect friends’ needs. C．One who always asks friends to buy food for him. D．One who attends the party his friend doesn’t want to. 2．How might most teens with dominant friends feel? A．Lonely. B．Self-respected. C．Positive. D．Valueless. 3．Based on the findings, what is important in forming healthy friendships for teenagers? A．Allowing one friend to always make the decisions. B．Ensuring that one friend always feels powerless. C．Having friendships where one partner feels bossed around. D．Having equal chances to express their opinions and make decisions. 4．What might the researchers suggest teens with dominant friends doing? A．Expressing their own needs firmly. B．Taking back control of the relationship. C．Letting dominant friends take the control. D．Ending the friendship with dominant friends. Passage 7 （25-26高一上·安徽宣城·期末） Did you know we lose half our friends every seven years? The most common reason we do isn’t that we’ve become basically incompatible (不相容的). It’s because we’re no longer in the same place at the same time. 1 . We need something called “shared social contexts (环境)” for them to continue. The problem, however, may not be that friendships commonly decrease in closeness over time. 2 . One study found that reaching out to a friend whom we haven’t spoken to in a while is just as uncomfortable as reaching out to a stranger. Another study on long-distance friendships showed when we assume that a friendship is “flexible” and not “fragile (脆弱的),” it’s more long-lasting. 3 . This means that if we haven’t spoken to a friend in a while, we should assume that we can still reconnect at any time. About half of friendships did not increase in closeness straight. They went through ups and downs. 4 . About a quarter of close friendships turned into casual ones gradually at some time point, but then ended up transforming into best friendships later on. How do we get ourselves to reach out to these old friends? We need supporting strategies. One study involved having people send several messages to present friends, and then they were given time to text a message to an old friend. When they practiced starting contact with old friends, they were more likely to reach out to the old friend. 5 . You still share memories, history, and an awareness that you have the possibility to like each other, because you have in the past. Friendships don’t end as much as fall asleep, and a simple check- in can wake them back up. A．Many of our friendships are actually “locationships” B．Your no longer active friendships are not those of strangers C．Keeping your old friendships may cost you time and energy D．The key to such friendships is a positive attitude towards flexibility E．Some friendships even take a “break” before becoming closer again F．It is that we may assume friendship is over just because it is less close G．Few friendships can stand the test of time, according to some researchers Passage 8 （23-24高一上·河北唐山·期中） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Dear Worried Friend, You wrote that you are very worried 1 your friend, Chen Lei. I understand quite 2 (good) that you are anxious and feel terrible. You think that your friend 3 (play) computer games too often and spends too much time online. I suggest that you talk to your friend about his behavior. It is not unusual for 4 (teenager) of your generation 5 (attract) to computer games and the online world. But 6 (spend) too much time online is unhealthy and makes 7 very difficult to focus on other things in life. Some students even become addicted to the Internet and cannot concentrate on school and family life. I think you should encourage your friend 8 (try) new hobbies. Why not 9 (discuss) the problem together? I am sure he will listen to you, since you are 10 (he) good friend. All the best, Susan Luo Passage 9 （25-26高一上·陕西西安·阶段检测） My friendship with the students in a primary school in Uganda started on a shaky ground. The 1 of not being understood was hidden within, for they spoke a language different from that of mine and mine too fell on deaf ears. I greeted them with a wide smile, and when I spoke further, they replied with ice cold 2 . A reminder echoed in my mind: you must live through it to get to them. So I gave it another try. I spoke 3 English with hand gestures and a bit of dancing. If all failed, the smile would 4 . Soon we struggled to make things better and then the 5 of the learners came into play. When a name was called, trembles (颤抖) and face covering were the response I got. I decided to 6 a desk with a team each day during group work to get closer. After school, I accompanied them home. 7 we became friends. They were even 8 of my favorite fruit, avocado (牛油果) . If I didn’t get one on my desk, it would find me wherever I was. My slippers were worn out. One night I left them out as no one could steal a pair of slippers in that condition. The next morning, I was ready to drag my slippers on as usual and I was surprised they had been 9 . Wow! The little things we do for each other bring us great joy and warmth. We don’t have a proper spoken language, but we are fluent in the language of 10 . 1．A．anger B．fear C．confusion D．disappointment 2．A．agreement B．appreciation C．comment D．silence 3．A．simple B．official C．rich D．unusual 4．A．turn up B．break up C．take over D．go over 5．A．shyness B．laziness C．loneliness D．calmness 6．A．clear B．share C．search D．exchange 7．A．Suddenly B．Obviously C．Accidentally D．Gradually 8．A．fond B．aware C．afraid D．proud 9．A．packed B．cleaned C．repaired D．stolen 10．A．wisdom B．admiration C．friendship D．confidence 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 1 / 29 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $