Unit 4 Friends Forever 单词短语句型语法（教材考点精练）英语外研版必修第一册

**基本信息** 围绕“朋友与友谊”主题，构建“词汇-语法-语用”三维训练体系，实现基础夯实到综合应用的逻辑递进，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |根据首字母填空|5题|语境词汇拼写|核心词汇积累，从音形义结合强化记忆| |单词适当形式填空|10题|词形转换与语法填空|语法规则应用，如词性变化、从句引导词| |单项选择|15题|语法与词汇辨析|重点突破定语从句、时态等高频考点| |完成句子|10题|句型结构与功能表达|从基础句型到复杂句式的应用拓展| |完形填空|10题|叙事性语篇理解|通过上下文逻辑考查词汇运用与语篇衔接| |补全对话|5题|交际策略应用|聚焦日常交际中的语用能力培养|

Unit 4 Friends Forever 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 教材考点概览 考点夯基攻坚 小题夯基·精准突破 一、根据首字母填空（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） 1．A comfortable and friendly a________ in the classroom can help students learn better. (根据首字母单词拼写) 2．The date of the trial has been a_________ by one week. 3．In production, we demand not only quantity but also q________. 4．The reform of society must be reconciled (协调) with the needs of o______ people. 5．Olivia’s house was s____ by lightning during the storm last night. 二、根据汉语提示填空（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） 6．When my knees get weaker, I hope you have the  __（耐心）to help me get up. 7．It’s high time that we ________（更新）our equipment, or we won’t be able to compete with other companies. 8．The man_____（发表）a lecture on the stage is Dr. Smith, a professor famous for his aging study of animal. 9．This place doesn't look __________(熟悉的) at all; we must be lost. 10．Everyone admired Jack for his _____(慷慨). 三、用单词的适当形式填空（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 11．When we make mistakes, she always tells us where we are wrong with (patient). (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．Her mother, in she confided, said she would support her unconditionally. (用适当的词填空) 13．The family I met at the airport were very kind. (用适当的词填空) 14．Who was it won the US Open? (用适当的词填空) 15．Having read the book, Mary will be able to pass on the (acquire) knowledge to trainee teachers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16．Mr Johnson owned a farm, which looked almost abandoned. (fortunate), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．Early in the morning, hikers packed everything they will need for the day’s hike. (用适当的词填空) 18．Thanks help from all over the country, we succeeded in beating the virus. (用适当的词填空) 19．Have you forgotten about the money I lent you last week? (用适当的词填空) 20．Their change of plan is strange. I don’t think it’s (significance). (所给词的适当形式填空) 四、单项选择（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 21．Everyone has his aim in life. Remember to set achievable goals and start with the easiest thing ________ you can control. A．whom B．when C．which D．that 22．It was not until we checked into the hotel ________ my father had visited before ________ we discovered the excellent services provided there, free breakfast ________. A．/; where; included B．that; when; to be included C．which; that; included D．where; that; to be included 23．The student ________ project won the first prize ________ every classmate with his creative ideas. A．whose; have impressed B．which; has impressed C．whose; has impressed D．that; have impressed 24．It is typical for children to be curious about the world. A．special B．rare C．unusual D．common 25．Yesterday Li Ming went to the village in ________ he lived five years ago. A．when B．which C．where D．that 26．— Do you prefer grapes ________ bananas? — I prefer grapes ________ bananas. A．or; or B．or; to C．than; to D．or; than 27．The simple plan ________ to be much better than we expected before. A．turns up B．turns out C．turns off D．turns down 28．—How do you make a banana milk shake? —First, ________ the bananas. A．peel B．pour C．put D．turn on 29．________ that it will first be available to artists and filmmakers ________ the inventors think won’t misuse it. A．So complex scenes can Sora generate; whom B．Such complex scenes can Sora generate; who C．So complex a scene Sora can generate; who D．Such a complex scene can Sora generate; whom 30．If you accept the job offer, please reply to this email to ________ it. A．confirm B．postpone C．assume D．reflect 31．He was so busy when we saw him, because he ______ a speech the next day. A．has delivered B．had delivered C．would deliver D．will deliver 32．The manager refused to start the project because they didn’t have ________ funds to cover all the costs. A．sufficient B．obvious C．similar D．familiar 33．The old photos ______ unexpectedly while I was cleaning the room, bringing back so many sweet childhood memories. A．turned out B．died out C．broke down D．turned up 34．This is the dictionary ________ helped me improve my vocabulary significantly. A．who B．when C．where D．that 35．Many young bloggers ________ old folk tales and shoot short videos to carry forward traditional culture online. A．make up B．pick up C．take up D．turn up 五、完成句子（共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分） 36．______________ tomorrow? (what if) 要是明天下雨怎么办? 37．whatever引导让步状语从句 ________________, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world. 不管我们的爱好是什么，我们都能在网上结识同好，哪怕他们生活在世界的另一端。 38．________________, the trip is no piece of cake. (as引导的定语从句) 正如你可以想象到的，这趟旅行不是一件轻而易举的事。 39．couldn’t have done sth.表示对过去的推测 You ________________ Jimmy out of New York; he thought it was the only place on earth. 你不可能把吉米从纽约拖出来；他以为这是地球上唯一的地方。 40．Will you offer me this precious opportunity? (用to来引出间接宾语)(句型转换) _______________________________________________________ 41．What if …? ________________ that took ages to be delivered? 如果唯有通过写信和花费漫长的时间等待才能得知远方朋友的消息，你会怎样? 42．keep in mind that … But we need to ________ what we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person. 但我们需要谨记：我们在社交媒体上看到的，往往不是一个人的全部真面目。 43．My sister met him at the cinema yesterday afternoon, so she ________________ at your lecture. (couldn’t have done sth.) 我妹妹昨天下午在电影院见到他了，所以她不可能出席了你的讲座。 44．Other things being equal, most tenants would ________________. (prefer ... to ...) 如果其他条件不变，大多数房客都愿意住单人间而不会选择与他人同住。 45．He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he ________________ it differently. 他并不后悔说了自己所做的事但他觉得本应该换一种方式把它表达出来。(ought to have done) 综合攻坚·知能拔高 一、语法选择（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the past, it took days or even weeks to receive news from faraway friends. Now, thanks to advances in technology, the way we make friends 46 communicate with them has changed greatly. Nowadays, we can move around the world and still stay 47 touch with the people that we want to remain friends with. Social media tools let us see 48 our friends are doing, which is 49 (absolute) a good way to maintain friendships. The digital age allows us 50 (find) people who share our interests. Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy 51 (do) the same things, even if they live on the other side of the world. But we need to remember that what we see on social media 52 (be) often not the whole truth about a person or a situation. Sometimes smiling photos can hide real problems. On 53 Internet, nobody knows who you really are. A young person could be old; a woman could be a man; we could even be sharing 54 (we) information with criminals. This doesn’t mean that we should throw the baby out with the bath water. Although technology has changed the way we acquire friends, the 55 (mean) of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same. 二、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） When Sarah was in middle school, she was 56 . She had few friends and spent most lunches alone in the library. One day, a new girl named Maya sat next to her. “Hi, I’m Maya,” she said. “Do you mind if I sit here?” Sarah was 57 . No one had ever asked to sit with her before. They started talking. Maya was funny and kind. She didn’t seem to 58 that Sarah was shy. For the first time, Sarah felt 59 . Years later, Sarah became a teacher. She always 60 the quiet kids in her class. She knew how they felt. She would sit with them at lunch, just like Maya had done for her. One day, a student 61 her a note: “Thank you for seeing me. I used to feel invisible, but you made me feel like I 62 .” Sarah cried. She thought of Maya and the 63 one small act of kindness had made. “You never know,” Sarah says, “how much a simple ‘hi’ can 64 someone’s life.” That’s why she tells her students: “Be the person who 65 the first hello. You might change a life.” 56．A．popular B．shy C．lazy D．noisy 57．A．angry B．sad C．surprised D．bored 58．A．care B．know C．think D．forget 59．A．lost B．seen C．ignored D．alone 60．A．ignored B．avoided C．noticed D．punished 61．A．wrote B．handed C．sent D．showed 62．A．mattered B．disappeared C．failed D．suffered 63．A．excuse B．difference C．promise D．decision 64．A．ruin B．change C．end D．save 65．A．waits for B．runs from C．makes D．avoids 三、补全对话（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） How to Make Friends Friends are so wonderful because they bring laughter, share adventures and comfort you in hard times. 66 Fortunately, once you know where to look and how to put yourself out there, making new friends doesn’t have to be hard. Here are some tips and strategies for building the friendships you deserve. 67 If you want to make friends, you first need to put yourself out there somehow in order to meet people. If you just sit alone, friends might come to you, but that’s not likely because they might think you want to stay alone. For example, if you’re still in school, sit somewhere with other people. It doesn’t have to be a crowded table, but try to choose one with at least 2 other people. Join an organization or club to meet new people. 68 You don’t necessarily need to have a lot of common interests with people in order to make friends with them. Some of the most rewarding friendships are between 2 people who don’t have much in common at all. Make eye contact and smile. If you don’t present a friendly and inviting appearance, people are less likely to be receptive to your friendship. 69 Be reliable. When you say you’ll do something, do it. 70 If you embody (体现) this quality in your treatment of others, it will attract others who appreciate reliability (可靠性) a and who will be reliable in return. A．Look for opportunities to talk to people. B．Make yourself available. C．Look people directly in the eye when they are speaking to you and offer them a warm, friendly smile. D．Be someone that people know that they can depend on. E．But sometimes making new friends can feel really hard. F．This is a great way to find other people who have common interests. G．Show the good, unique qualities about yourself. 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Friends Forever 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 参考答案 考点夯基攻坚 小题夯基·精准突破 一、根据首字母填空（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） 1．atmosphere/tmosphere 2．advanced/dvanced 3．quality 4．ordinary 5．struck / stricken 二、根据汉语提示填空（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） 6. patience 7.updated 8. delivering 9. familiar 10.generosity 三、用单词的适当形式填空（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 11. patience 12.whom 13. that/who/whom 14.that 15. acquired 16. Fortunately 17. that 18.to 19. that/which 20.significant 四、单项选择（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 21. D 22. C 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. D 35. A 五、完成句子（共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分） 36. What if it rains 37.Whatever our hobbies 38.As you can imagine 39. couldn’t have dragged 40. Will you offer this precious opportunity to me? 41. What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters 42.keep in mind that 43. couldn’t have been present 44. prefer single to shared rooms 45. ought to have expressed 综合攻坚·知能拔高 一、语法选择（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 46．and 47．in 48．what 49．absolutely 50．to find 51．doing 52．is 53．the 54．our 55．meaning 二、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 56．B 57．C 58．A 59．B 60．C 61．B 62．A 63．B 64．B 65．C 三、补全对话（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 66．E 67．B 68．F 69．C 70．D 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Friends Forever 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 教材考点概览 考点夯基攻坚 小题夯基·精准突破 一、根据首字母填空（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） 1．A comfortable and friendly a________ in the classroom can help students learn better. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】atmosphere/tmosphere 【详解】句意：教室里舒适友好的氛围能帮助学生更好地学习。 根据首字母及a comfortable and friendly修饰单数名词作句子主语可知，空处需填名词单数，atmosphere表示“氛围、环境”。 2．The date of the trial has been a_________ by one week. 【答案】advanced/dvanced 【详解】句意：审判日期已提前了一周。表示“提前”用动词advance，此处为现在完成时的被动语态，空前已有has been，故用过去分词形式advanced。 3．In production, we demand not only quantity but also q________. 【答案】quality 【详解】考查名词。句意：在生产中，我们不仅要求数量，也要求质量。分析句子可知，本句缺乏宾语，结合句意和首字母提示，故用quality。 4．The reform of society must be reconciled (协调) with the needs of o______ people. 【答案】ordinary 【详解】考查形容词。句意：社会改革必须与老百姓的需求相一致。ordinary“普通的”为形容词修饰名词people。且符合句意。故填ordinary。 5．Olivia’s house was s____ by lightning during the storm last night. 【答案】struck / stricken 【详解】考查动词。动词strike袭击，根据前面的was可知，这里用其过去分词形式。句意：奥利维亚的房子在昨晚的暴风雨中被闪电击中。故填struck / stricken。 二、根据汉语提示填空（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分） 6．When my knees get weaker, I hope you have the  __（耐心）to help me get up. 【答案】patience 【详解】考查名词。句意：我站不起来时，我希望你有耐心帮我站起来。have the patience to do sth 有耐心做某事。故填patience。 7．It’s high time that we ________（更新）our equipment, or we won’t be able to compete with other companies. 【答案】updated 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：现在是我们更新设备的时候了，否则我们将无法与其他公司竞争。It is (high) time (that) sb. did/should do是该做……的时候了，因为该句不是表示的虚拟语气，所以该空需用过去式。故填updated。 8．The man_____（发表）a lecture on the stage is Dr. Smith, a professor famous for his aging study of animal. 【答案】delivering 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在台上演讲的那个人是史密斯博士，他是一位以研究动物衰老而闻名的教授。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故deliver只能做非谓语动词与逻辑主语构成主谓关系，用现在分词，故填delivering。 9．This place doesn't look __________(熟悉的) at all; we must be lost. 【答案】familiar 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个地方看上去一点都不熟悉，我们一定是迷路了。根据汉语提示及前面的系动词look可知，此处用形容词作表语，故填familiar。 10．Everyone admired Jack for his _____(慷慨). 【答案】generosity 【详解】句意：所有人都钦佩杰克的慷慨大方。 空格前是形容词性物主代词his，后面需要接名词。“慷慨”对应的英文名词为generosity，是不可数名词。 三、用单词的适当形式填空（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 11．When we make mistakes, she always tells us where we are wrong with (patient). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】patience 【详解】句意：当我们犯错时，她总是耐心地指出我们错在哪里。空格前的介词with后需要接名词作宾语，形容词patient的名词形式patience表示“耐心”，符合语境。 12．Her mother, in she confided, said she would support her unconditionally. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom 【详解】句意：她向母亲倾诉心事，母亲说会无条件支持她。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Her mother指人，且在从句中作介词in的宾语，用关系代词whom，构成“介词 + 关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。confide in sb.表示“向某人倾诉”。 13．The family I met at the airport were very kind. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/who/whom 【详解】句意：我在机场碰到的那一家人十分友善。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为The family，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，应使用关系代词that/who/whom。 14．Who was it won the US Open? (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】句意：到底是谁赢得了美国网球公开赛？本句是强调句型基本结构：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 剩余部分，改成特殊疑问：Who was it that won the US Open? 15．Having read the book, Mary will be able to pass on the (acquire) knowledge to trainee teachers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】acquired 【详解】句意：读完这本书后，玛丽将能够将所学知识传授给实习教师。空处作修饰knowledge的定语，acquire“学到，习得”和knowledge逻辑上是被动关系，因此用acquire的过去分词形式acquired。 16．Mr Johnson owned a farm, which looked almost abandoned. (fortunate), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Fortunately 【详解】句意：约翰逊先生拥有一个看上去几乎荒废的农场。幸运的是，他还有一头每天产奶的奶牛。空格位于句首修饰整个句子，需要副词，fortunate的副词形式为fortunately，意为“幸运的是”，位于句首，首字母需大写。 17．Early in the morning, hikers packed everything they will need for the day’s hike. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】句意：清晨时分，徒步者们收拾好了当天徒步所需的一切物品。空处引导定语从句，先行词是everything，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that引导。 18．Thanks help from all over the country, we succeeded in beating the virus. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】to 【详解】句意：多亏了来自全国各地的帮助，我们成功战胜了病毒。短语thanks to表示“由于”。 19．Have you forgotten about the money I lent you last week? (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：你忘了上周我借给你的那笔钱吗？此处考查定语从句，先行词the money，指物，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that或which引导。 20．Their change of plan is strange. I don’t think it’s (significance). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】significant 【详解】句意：他们改变计划很奇怪。我认为这并不重要。系动词is后面需要使用形容词作表语；名词significance的形容词形式为 significant“重要的，有意义的”。 四、单项选择（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 21．Everyone has his aim in life. Remember to set achievable goals and start with the easiest thing ________ you can control. A．whom B．when C．which D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：每个人在生活中都有自己的目标。记住要设定可实现的目标，并从你能控制的最简单的事情开始。空格处引导定语从句修饰先行词thing，从句中缺少宾语，当先行词指物并且被形容词最高级（此处为the easiest）修饰时，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。 22．It was not until we checked into the hotel ________ my father had visited before ________ we discovered the excellent services provided there, free breakfast ________. A．/; where; included B．that; when; to be included C．which; that; included D．where; that; to be included 【答案】C 【详解】句意：直到我们入住我父亲之前到访过的那家酒店时，我们才发现那里提供的优质服务，其中还包含免费早餐。 根据句子结构分析，第一空引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the hotel，关系词在从句中作visited的宾语，指物，应用关系代词which/that引导该从句，也可不填；第二空与句首的It was构成强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that +其他”，此处强调时间状语从句“not until we checked into the hotel ______ my father had visited before”，故用that；第三空考查独立主格结构，“free breakfast”与“include”之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词included的形式。 23．The student ________ project won the first prize ________ every classmate with his creative ideas. A．whose; have impressed B．which; has impressed C．whose; has impressed D．that; have impressed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：那个项目获得了一等奖的学生用他富有创意的想法给每位同学都留下了深刻印象。第一空，空处引导定语从句，先行词是The student，空处在从句中作定语修饰project，表示所属关系，应用关系代词whose；第二空，据语境应用现在完成时，主句主语The student为单数，谓语应用第三人称单数形式has impressed。 24．It is typical for children to be curious about the world. A．special B．rare C．unusual D．common 【答案】D 【详解】句意：孩子对世界感到好奇是很常见的事。A. special特殊的；B. rare稀有的；C. unusual不寻常的；D. common常见的。typical表示“典型的、常见的”，与common含义相近。 25．Yesterday Li Ming went to the village in ________ he lived five years ago. A．when B．which C．where D．that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天李明去了他五年前住过的村子。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the village，指物。由于空格前有介词in，构成“介词+关系代词”结构。在定语从句中，当先行词指物且介词提前时，关系代词只能使用which，不能使用that或where。 26．— Do you prefer grapes ________ bananas? — I prefer grapes ________ bananas. A．or; or B．or; to C．than; to D．or; than 【答案】B 【详解】考查连词和固定搭配。句意：——你喜欢葡萄还是香蕉？——比起香蕉，我更喜欢葡萄。第一空为选择疑问句，表示“还是”，需用连词or连接两个并列的选项；第二空考查固定搭配prefer A to B，意为“比起B更喜欢A”，需用介词to。 27．The simple plan ________ to be much better than we expected before. A．turns up B．turns out C．turns off D．turns down 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个简单的计划结果证明比我们之前预想的要好得多。A. turns up调高（音量），出现；B. turns out结果是，证明是；C. turns off关闭，使厌烦；D. turns down调低（音量），拒绝。根据下文“to be much better than we expected before(比我们之前预想的要好得多)”可知，此处是对计划最终结果的评价，固定搭配turn out to be...，意为“结果是/证明是……”，符合句意。 28．—How do you make a banana milk shake? —First, ________ the bananas. A．peel B．pour C．put D．turn on 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你如何制作香蕉奶昔？——首先，剥香蕉皮。A .peel剥皮；B. pour倒；C. put放；D. turn on打开。根据上文“How do you make a banana milk shake?(你如何制作香蕉奶昔？)”以及下文“the bananas(香蕉)”，可知上文提到制作香蕉奶昔，下文说的是香蕉，可推理出此处说的是剥香蕉皮。 29．________ that it will first be available to artists and filmmakers ________ the inventors think won’t misuse it. A．So complex scenes can Sora generate; whom B．Such complex scenes can Sora generate; who C．So complex a scene Sora can generate; who D．Such a complex scene can Sora generate; whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Sora能生成如此复杂的画面，因此这款工具将首先向创作者与电影制作人开放，研发者认为这些人不会滥用它。第一空考查so/such... that...句型的部分倒装。当so/such...结构位于句首时，主句需要使用部分倒装，修饰复数名词短语complex scenes需要用such，且助动词can应提至主语Sora之前；第二空考查定语从句，先行词为artists and filmmakers，指人，在定语从句中作主语（the inventors think为插入语），需要用主格关系代词who。 30．If you accept the job offer, please reply to this email to ________ it. A．confirm B．postpone C．assume D．reflect 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你接受这份工作邀请，请回复此邮件以确认。A. confirm确认；B. postpone推迟；C. assume假定，承担；D. reflect反映，反思。根据‌“If you accept the job offer, please reply to this email”可知，回复邮件的目的是对接受工作这一事项进行确认。 31．He was so busy when we saw him, because he ______ a speech the next day. A．has delivered B．had delivered C．would deliver D．will deliver 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我们看到他时，他非常忙，因为他第二天要发表一场演讲。根据主句谓语动词“was”和时间状语从句“when we saw him”可知，事情发生在过去；原因状语从句中的时间状语“the next day”（第二天）表示相对于过去的将来，因此从句需使用过去将来时（would do）。 32．The manager refused to start the project because they didn’t have ________ funds to cover all the costs. A．sufficient B．obvious C．similar D．familiar 【答案】A 【详解】句意：经理拒绝启动这个项目，因为他们没有足够的资金来支付所有的费用。A. sufficient足够的；B. obvious明显的；C. similar相似的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据题干中didn’t have ________ funds to cover all the costs可知，此处表示没有足够的资金来支付费用。 33．The old photos ______ unexpectedly while I was cleaning the room, bringing back so many sweet childhood memories. A．turned out B．died out C．broke down D．turned up 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我在打扫房间时意外发现了那些老照片，它们勾起了我许多甜蜜的童年回忆。A. turned out结果是；B. died out灭绝；C. broke down发生故障；D. turned up出现，被找到。根据下文“while I was cleaning the room”和“bringing back so many sweet childhood memories”可知，老照片是在打扫卫生的过程中意外出现的。 34．This is the dictionary ________ helped me improve my vocabulary significantly. A．who B．when C．where D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这就是那本极大地帮助我提高了词汇量的字典。此处引导定语从句，先行词是the dictionary，指物，且在定语从句中作主语（helped前缺少主语），因此需要使用关系代词that或which来引导定语从句。 35．Many young bloggers ________ old folk tales and shoot short videos to carry forward traditional culture online. A．make up B．pick up C．take up D．turn up 【答案】A 【详解】句意：许多年轻博主改编古老民间故事并拍摄短视频，在网上弘扬传统文化。A. make up编造，改编；B. pick up拾起；C. take up开始从事；D. turn up出现。根据后文“old folk tales”以及“shoot short videos to carry forward traditional culture online”可知，此处指改编民间故事，拍摄视频，在网上弘扬传统文化，所以make up符合语境。 五、完成句子（共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分） 36．______________ tomorrow? (what if) 要是明天下雨怎么办? 【答案】What if it rains 【详解】中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“要是下雨怎么办”，表示“如果……怎么办”用固定句型What if...，后接陈述句语序；主语为it，指代天气，“下雨”用动词rain，此假设指向将来，条件从句用一般现在时表将来，主语为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数rains。 37．whatever引导让步状语从句 ________________, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world. 不管我们的爱好是什么，我们都能在网上结识同好，哪怕他们生活在世界的另一端。 【答案】Whatever our hobbies 【详解】根据句意，此处表示“不管我们的爱好是什么”，用whatever引导让步状语从句，在从句中作表语；表示“我们的爱好”为our hobbies作从句的主语，从句为主系表结构，完整形式为Whatever our hobbies are，在书面表达中可以省略系动词are，所以此处为whatever our hobbies，位于句首单词首字母需大写。 38．________________, the trip is no piece of cake. (as引导的定语从句) 正如你可以想象到的，这趟旅行不是一件轻而易举的事。 【答案】As you can imagine 【详解】对比中英文可知，空处表示“正如你可以想象到的”，as引导非限制性定语从句时，可指代整个主句内容，置于句首，意为“正如……”，“正如你可以想象到的”可译为as you can imagine，句首单词的首字母需大写。 39．couldn’t have done sth.表示对过去的推测 You ________________ Jimmy out of New York; he thought it was the only place on earth. 你不可能把吉米从纽约拖出来；他以为这是地球上唯一的地方。 【答案】couldn’t have dragged 【详解】表示“不可能把……拖出来”应用couldn’t have dragged，表示对过去的推测。 40．Will you offer me this precious opportunity? (用to来引出间接宾语)(句型转换) _______________________________________________________ 【答案】Will you offer this precious opportunity to me? 【详解】句意：你愿意把这个宝贵的机会提供给我吗？offer的双宾语结构中，offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.，所以本句可以转换为Will you offer this precious opportunity to me? 41．What if …? ________________ that took ages to be delivered? 如果唯有通过写信和花费漫长的时间等待才能得知远方朋友的消息，你会怎样? 【答案】What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters 【详解】表示“……会怎样”译为What if…?；表示“唯有……的方式”译为the only way of doing sth.；表示“得知远方朋友的消息”译为动名词短语getting news from faraway friends；表示“通过写信”译为动名词短语writing letters，作表语。 42．keep in mind that … But we need to ________ what we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person. 但我们需要谨记：我们在社交媒体上看到的，往往不是一个人的全部真面目。 【答案】keep in mind that 【详解】表示“谨记”使用动词短语keep in mind，不定式符号to后接动词原形，空处后是宾语从句，从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导。 43．My sister met him at the cinema yesterday afternoon, so she ________________ at your lecture. (couldn’t have done sth.) 我妹妹昨天下午在电影院见到他了，所以她不可能出席了你的讲座。 【答案】couldn’t have been present 【详解】表示过去“不可能做某事”使用couldn’t have done sth，“出席”使用be present。 44．Other things being equal, most tenants would ________________. (prefer ... to ...) 如果其他条件不变，大多数房客都愿意住单人间而不会选择与他人同住。 【答案】prefer single to shared rooms 【详解】表示“愿意……而不……”应用prefer...to...。“单人间”为single room，“与他人同住”即“共享房间”，用shared room，此处表示泛指，用名词复数，且为了避免冗余，可将前面相同的名词rooms省略，即prefer single to shared rooms。空前有would，空处用动词原形。 45．He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he ________________ it differently. 他并不后悔说了自己所做的事但他觉得本应该换一种方式把它表达出来。(ought to have done) 【答案】ought to have expressed 【详解】表示“表达”用动词express；且表示“本来应该做某事”短语为ought to have done。 综合攻坚·知能拔高 一、语法选择（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the past, it took days or even weeks to receive news from faraway friends. Now, thanks to advances in technology, the way we make friends 46 communicate with them has changed greatly. Nowadays, we can move around the world and still stay 47 touch with the people that we want to remain friends with. Social media tools let us see 48 our friends are doing, which is 49 (absolute) a good way to maintain friendships. The digital age allows us 50 (find) people who share our interests. Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy 51 (do) the same things, even if they live on the other side of the world. But we need to remember that what we see on social media 52 (be) often not the whole truth about a person or a situation. Sometimes smiling photos can hide real problems. On 53 Internet, nobody knows who you really are. A young person could be old; a woman could be a man; we could even be sharing 54 (we) information with criminals. This doesn’t mean that we should throw the baby out with the bath water. Although technology has changed the way we acquire friends, the 55 (mean) of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same. 【答案】 46．and 47．in 48．what 49．absolutely 50．to find 51．doing 52．is 53．the 54．our 55．meaning 【导语】本文介绍了科技改变交友方式，探讨数字时代的友谊特点与注意事项。 【详解】46．考查连词。句意：如今多亏科技进步，我们交友和沟通的方式已大幅改变。本空连接make friends和communicate两个并列动作，表并列关系，用and连接。 47．考查固定搭配。句意：如今我们走遍世界，仍能和想维系友谊的人保持联系。固定短语stay in touch with意为“与……保持联系”。 48．考查宾语从句。句意：社交媒体工具让我们看到朋友们正在做什么，这无疑是维系友谊的好方法。“______ our friends are doing”为宾语从句，本空在从句中作doing的宾语，表示“什么”，用what引导。 49．考查副词。句意：社交媒体工具让我们看到朋友们正在做什么，这无疑是维系友谊的好方法。本空修饰系动词is，作状语，用副词absolutely。 50．考查非谓语动词。句意：数字时代让我们能找到和自己有共同兴趣的人。固定结构allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”，本空用不定式to find。 51．考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我们爱好是什么，互联网能把我们和同样喜爱这些事的人联系起来，哪怕他们远在世界另一端。enjoy doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”，本空用动名词doing，作宾语。 52．考查主谓一致和时态。句意：但我们要记住，我们在社交媒体上看到的往往不是一个人或一件事的全貌。that引导的宾语从句中：描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语是what引导的主语从句，be动词用is。 53．考查冠词。句意：在互联网上，没有人知道你的真实身份。固定搭配on the Internet意为“在互联网上”，本空用冠词the。 54．考查代词。句意：年轻人可能是老者，女性可能是男性，我们甚至有可能把个人信息泄露给不法分子。本空修饰名词information，用形容词性物主代词our。 55．考查名词。句意：虽然科技改变了我们结识朋友的方式，但友谊的意义以及我们对朋友的渴望从未改变。本空作主语，用名词meaning。 二、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） When Sarah was in middle school, she was 56 . She had few friends and spent most lunches alone in the library. One day, a new girl named Maya sat next to her. “Hi, I’m Maya,” she said. “Do you mind if I sit here?” Sarah was 57 . No one had ever asked to sit with her before. They started talking. Maya was funny and kind. She didn’t seem to 58 that Sarah was shy. For the first time, Sarah felt 59 . Years later, Sarah became a teacher. She always 60 the quiet kids in her class. She knew how they felt. She would sit with them at lunch, just like Maya had done for her. One day, a student 61 her a note: “Thank you for seeing me. I used to feel invisible, but you made me feel like I 62 .” Sarah cried. She thought of Maya and the 63 one small act of kindness had made. “You never know,” Sarah says, “how much a simple ‘hi’ can 64 someone’s life.” That’s why she tells her students: “Be the person who 65 the first hello. You might change a life.” 56．A．popular B．shy C．lazy D．noisy 57．A．angry B．sad C．surprised D．bored 58．A．care B．know C．think D．forget 59．A．lost B．seen C．ignored D．alone 60．A．ignored B．avoided C．noticed D．punished 61．A．wrote B．handed C．sent D．showed 62．A．mattered B．disappeared C．failed D．suffered 63．A．excuse B．difference C．promise D．decision 64．A．ruin B．change C．end D．save 65．A．waits for B．runs from C．makes D．avoids 【答案】 56．B 57．C 58．A 59．B 60．C 61．B 62．A 63．B 64．B 65．C 【导语】文章讲述了中学时期害羞孤僻的Sarah因Maya的善意收获友谊，长大后成为老师，主动关心班里内向的学生，明白微小善意能改变他人人生的故事。 【详解】56．考查形容词。句意：Sarah上中学时很害羞。A. popular受欢迎的；B. shy害羞的；C. lazy懒惰的；D. noisy吵闹的。根据后文“She had few friends and spent most lunches alone in the library”可知，Sarah性格害羞孤僻。 57．考查形容词。句意：Sarah很惊讶。A. angry生气的；B. sad难过的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. bored无聊的。根据后文“No one had ever asked to sit with her before”可知，有人主动和她同坐让她很意外。 58．考查动词。句意：她似乎并不在意Sarah害羞。A. care在意；B. know知道；C. think认为；D. forget忘记。根据前文“They started talking. Maya was funny and kind”可知，Maya愿意和害羞的Sarah做朋友，不在意她的内向。 59．考查动词。句意：Sarah第一次觉得自己被看见了。A. lost迷失的；B. seen被看见的；C. ignored被忽视的；D. alone孤单的。根据前文“No one had ever asked to sit with her before”可知，Maya主动靠近她，让她感受到被关注。 60．考查动词。句意：她总是留意班里安静的孩子。A. ignored忽视；B. avoided躲避；C. noticed留意；D. punished惩罚。根据后文“She knew how they felt. She would sit with them at lunch”可知，Sarah会关注内向安静的学生。 61．考查动词。句意：有一天，一个学生递给她一张便条：“谢谢你注意到我。我以前总觉得自己是透明人，但你让我觉得自己很重要。”A. wrote写；B. handed递给；C. sent发送；D. showed展示。根据后文“her a note”可知，此处指学生当面给老师便条，hand sb. sth.为固定搭配，意为“递给某人某物”。 62．考查动词。句意：有一天，一个学生递给她一张便条：“谢谢你注意到我。我以前总觉得自己是透明人，但你让我觉得自己很重要。”A. mattered重要；B. disappeared消失；C. failed失败；D. suffered遭受。根据前文“I used to feel invisible”可知，此处与之对应，现在觉得自己重要。 63．考查名词。句意：她想起了Maya，想起一个小小的善举带来的影响。A. excuse借口；B. difference影响，改变；C. promise承诺；D. decision决定。根据后文“how much a simple ‘hi’ can someone’s life”可知，此处指带来的影响，make a difference为固定短语，意为“产生影响，带来改变”。 64．考查动词。句意：Sarah说：“你永远不知道一句简单的‘嗨’能多大程度改变一个人的人生。”A. ruin毁坏；B. change改变；C. end结束；D. save拯救。根据后文“You might change a life”可知，此处指善意的问候会改变他人人生。 65．考查动词/动词短语。句意：所以她总是告诉她的学生：“要做那个主动先打招呼的人，你或许会改变一个人的一生。”A. waits for等待；B. runs from逃离；C. makes做出；D. avoids躲避。根据前文“‘Hi, I’m Maya,’ she said”可知，此处指的是要先主动打招呼，make the first hello意为“主动率先打招呼”。 三、补全对话（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） How to Make Friends Friends are so wonderful because they bring laughter, share adventures and comfort you in hard times. 66 Fortunately, once you know where to look and how to put yourself out there, making new friends doesn’t have to be hard. Here are some tips and strategies for building the friendships you deserve. 67 If you want to make friends, you first need to put yourself out there somehow in order to meet people. If you just sit alone, friends might come to you, but that’s not likely because they might think you want to stay alone. For example, if you’re still in school, sit somewhere with other people. It doesn’t have to be a crowded table, but try to choose one with at least 2 other people. Join an organization or club to meet new people. 68 You don’t necessarily need to have a lot of common interests with people in order to make friends with them. Some of the most rewarding friendships are between 2 people who don’t have much in common at all. Make eye contact and smile. If you don’t present a friendly and inviting appearance, people are less likely to be receptive to your friendship. 69 Be reliable. When you say you’ll do something, do it. 70 If you embody (体现) this quality in your treatment of others, it will attract others who appreciate reliability (可靠性) a and who will be reliable in return. A．Look for opportunities to talk to people. B．Make yourself available. C．Look people directly in the eye when they are speaking to you and offer them a warm, friendly smile. D．Be someone that people know that they can depend on. E．But sometimes making new friends can feel really hard. F．This is a great way to find other people who have common interests. G．Show the good, unique qualities about yourself. 【答案】66．E 67．B 68．F 69．C 70．D 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了结交朋友的几条实用建议：多接触他人、加入社团、微笑对视待人、做人守信可靠，还指出交友不必强求双方有很多共同爱好。 【详解】66．上文“Friends are so wonderful because they bring laughter, share adventures and comfort you in hard times. (朋友非常美好，因为他们带来欢笑，分享冒险，并在你困难时给予安慰。)”讲述朋友带来的诸多美好，下文“Fortunately, once you know where to look and how to put yourself out there, making new friends doesn’t have to be hard. (幸运的是，一旦你知道该去哪里寻找、该如何主动出击，结交新朋友就不再那么难了。)”以“Fortunately”转折，说明交朋友其实并不难、有方法可循。因此空格处需要转折句，引出“交朋友很难”的普遍感受，与后文形成呼应。E 选项“But sometimes making new friends can feel really hard. (但有时候结交新朋友会让人觉得格外困难。)”完美承上启下。 67．空格是本段主旨句。下文“If you want to make friends, you first need to put yourself out there somehow in order to meet people. If you just sit alone, friends might come to you, but that’s not likely because they might think you want to stay alone. (如果你想交朋友，首先需要以某种方式主动接触他人，才能有机会认识他们。如果你只是独自坐着，朋友可能会主动找上你，但这种情况不太可能，因为他们可能认为你只想独处。)”核心逻辑是：想交朋友就要主动走出去、融入人群，独自坐着不会有人主动靠近。B选项“Make yourself available. (让自己保持可接触的状态。)”精准概括了本段主旨 —— 主动现身、不封闭自己，才能拥有认识他人的机会。 68．上文“Join an organization or club to meet new people. ( 加入一个组织或社团，结识新朋友。)”提出建议“加入组织或俱乐部认识新朋友”，下文“You don’t necessarily need to have a lot of common interests with people in order to make friends with them. (你并不一定需要和别人有太多共同兴趣，才能与他们成为朋友。)”转折说明“交朋友未必需要很多共同爱好”。F 选项“This is a great way to find other people who have common interests. (这是找到有共同兴趣的人的好方法。)”承接前文“加入俱乐部”的作用，同时与后文的转折逻辑（有共同兴趣是常见优势，但不是必要条件）衔接自然。 69．本段主旨是“Make eye contact and smile. (眼神交流与微笑。)”，上文“If you don’t present a friendly and inviting appearance, people are less likely to be receptive to your friendship. (如果你不表现出友好和亲切的样子，人们就不太可能接受你的友谊。)”说明不友好的外表会让人不愿接近。C 选项“Look people directly in the eye when they are speaking to you and offer them a warm, friendly smile. (当别人和你说话时，直视对方的眼睛，送上温暖友好的微笑。)”是对主旨句的具体落地解释，直接呼应“eye contact and smile”两个核心动作。 70．本段主旨是“Be reliable. (保持可靠。)”，上文“When you say you’ll do something, do it. ( 当你承诺要做某事时，就一定要做到。)”说明“说到就要做到”，下文“If you embody (体现) this quality in your treatment of others, it will attract others who appreciate reliability (可靠性) a and who will be reliable in return. (如果你在待人处事时体现出这种品质，就会吸引那些欣赏可靠之人，并且他们也会以可靠回报你。)”说明这种品质会吸引同样可靠的人。D选项“Be someone that people know that they can depend on. (做一个别人知道可以信赖的人。)”是对“可靠”的进一步诠释，前后围绕“可靠、可信赖”展开，逻辑连贯。 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $