专题04 阅读理解（新闻报道+其他）（期中真题汇编，江苏专用）高二英语上学期

专题04 阅读理解（新闻报道+其他） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·江苏扬州中学联培部·期中）Four years ago, Alastair Driver was made director of Rewilding Britain, a charity with a mission to shake up conservation in the UK. Rewilding, in theory, is to restore land and let nature take back control. Once he got started, he fell in love with conservation all over again. Alastair’s goal is to make the concept mainstream. So far, he’s moving in the right direction. “The British government is including rewilding in future farming policy,” he says. If anyone knows what’s good for Britain’s wild spaces, it’s Alastair. His father was a country naturalist, so the natural world played a big role in his life from an early age. After studying ecology at university, he went on to become a conservation officer for the Thames Water Authority, where he spent 34 years preserving rivers and wetlands. Then, in 2002, Alistair took charge of the Environment Agency, shaping national policy and strategy until 2016. Now, he believes rewilding is the next step for nature restoration in the UK and it needs to happen on a much larger scale. As such, Alastair spends most of his time travelling around the UK, meeting with landowners, advising them about the advantages of rewilding their land, and offering practical tips for getting started. In just four years, he’s seen a massive uptake in interest. In the early days, Alastair would literally ring around his contact list to get people involved; now, he can hardly cope with emails and calls coming his way. Part of this change is a symptom of the bigger environmental challenges facing mankind. “People are more aware of climate change and the biodiversity crisis,” he says. Towards the end of 2020, with Alastair’s continuous efforts, the Rewilding Network was launched, a platform where farmers and landowners can connect, share ideas, and seek expert advice. Currently, just over 200, 000 acres of land are being rewilded through the network. For Alastair, it’s a huge step in the right direction. 1.What is Alastair’s goal in Rewilding? A. To regain his interest in conservation. B. To force the government to make policies. C. To get the idea recognized by most people. D. To advertise the charity for more donations. 2.What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. What Alastair studied in the past. B. When Alastair started conservation. C. How Alastair’s father influences him. D. Why Alastair knows much about nature. 3.Why does people’s attitude towards rewilding change? A. Alastair puts efforts to promote rewilding. B. Alastair has faith in the value of rewilding. C. People face fewer environmental challenges. D. People are taught measures to rewild the land. 4.What can we learn from Alastair’s story? A. Don’t judge a book by its cover. B. Birds of a feather flock together. C. A devoted soul can achieve his goal. D. A man becomes learned by asking questions. 主题语境02 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高二上·江苏前黄高级中学·期中）Most people hate mosquitoes — but scientists are about to build a “mosquito factory” to release modified mosquitoes. The modified mosquitoes carry a bacterium called Wolbachia pipientis (沃尔巴克氏菌), which can be naturally found in most insect species. However, it’s rarely discovered in mosquitoes. “We actually grow these mosquitoes that contain the bacterium,” Scott O’Neill, an Australian scientist who is involved in the project, told CBC News. When the modified mosquitoes are released, they slowly spread the bacterium to the population. Several studies have demonstrated the insects’ success. For example, a controlled experiment in Indonesia showed that the modified insect helped reduce the cases of the disease dengue (登革热) by 77 percent, according to a study paper published in 2021. The World Mosquito Program has announced that it will release modified mosquitoes in many of Brazil’s urban areas over the next 10 years. The aim is to protect up to 70 million people from diseases such as dengue, a disease mainly spread by mosquitoes. Dengue patients may have mild symptoms (症状) like fever, but severe cases can lead to death. Brazil has one of the highest rates of dengue infection in the world, according to the Nature website. “More than 1,000 people died of dengue in 2022 because of the spread of mosquitoes. It’s going everywhere,” Luciano Moreira, a scientist at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, told CBC News. Another way to prevent mosquitoes from spreading diseases is by producing genetically modified (GM，转基因的) mosquitoes. In 2022, the US Environmental Protection Agency cleared the release of 2.4 billion GM mosquitoes in California and Florida. According to the agency, GM mosquitoes carry two types of genes: a self-limiting gene that prevents female offspring (后代) from surviving to adulthood; and a marker gene that allows researchers to identify GM ones in the wild. After being released, GM mosquitoes lay eggs, so the genes are passed on to offspring. In this way, the number of female mosquitoes is reduced, therefore reducing the chance of spreading disease. 1.Why are the modified mosquitoes grown according to Scott O’Neill? A. To prevent mosquitoes from biting people. B. To make money for the scientists involved. C. To reduce the number of insects in the world. D. To spread a bacterium called Wolbachia pipientis. 2.What can we learn about the release of modified mosquitoes in Brazil? A. The decision to do so is only based on scientific research. B. The program will immediately reduce dengue cases by 77%. C. The high infection rate of dengue in Brazil is a key factor to it. D. The program aims to remove dengue completely within the next decade. 3.What does the underlined word “cleared” in paragraph 6 mean? A. Permitted. B. Removed. C. Disturbed. D. Restricted. 4.What might be the best title for the text? A. The Benefits of Mosquitoes B. Modified Mosquitoes to Fight Diseases C. The World Mosquito Program’s Success D. Genetic Engineering in Medical Research 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·江苏天一中学·期中）Labubu dolls are hard to find. Even at the giant flagship store of their maker, Pop Mart, in Shanghai, customers are told they need to wait a week or longer. The lovely creatures, sold in “blind boxes” so that buyers don’t know which one they will get, are loved not only by Chinese children but also by famous people at home and abroad. For many years, Chinese shoppers liked to follow foreign trends in fashion, make-up, hotels and other areas. But now, they are turning to local luxury brands, high-end make-up labels and milk tea shops. Furthermore, many of these brands are winning fans in other countries. Chinese brands are beginning to penetrate international markets with their unique products. As consumers have become more careful about spending, cheap but good-quality local brands have grown popular. But lower prices are not the only reason for the love of Chinese brands. In many cases shoppers are paying the same or even more for local products. For instance, the best selling drinks at Chagee, a tea chain that went public in New York in April, are tea lattes(拿铁)that sell for 15-20 yuan ($2-3), almost the same as Starbucks’s top drinks in China. Chinese consumers are also now far less crazy about foreign goods simply because they are foreign. The rapid rise of Laopu proves that. Instead of copying Western style, both Laopu and Chagee have shown off their Chineseness. It has worked. The competition is not limited to China. Pop Mart now has stores in more than 20 countries, including at least 37 in America. Chagee will have more than 1,300 shops outside China by the end of the year, up from almost none four years ago. Experts believe that the more foreign recognition these brands get, the more popular they become within China. The popularity on Western social media over Labubu dolls is thought to have made them even more famous at home. 1.What’s the purpose of the first paragraph? A. To promote a product. B. To introduce the topic. C. To present an argument. D. To show the present situation. 2.What does the underlined word “penetrate” in paragraph 2 most likely mean? A. Reject B. Ignore C. Enter D. Quit 3.What does the example of Chagee’s tea lattes show? A. Price matters most to consumers. B. Some local brands achieve high pricing. C. cheap local brands are popular in China. D. Chinese tea chains outperform foreign ones. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. The Charm of Chinese luxury Brands B. Why Milk Tea Brands Win the hearts C. From Local Toy to Global Hit: Pop Mart leads the Way D. From Foreign Trends to Local Love: Chinese Brands Shine Passage 2 （25-26高二上·江苏扬州大学附中·期中）The Guardian (卫报) has updated its style guide to introduce terms that more accurately describe the environmental crises facing the world. Instead of “climate change”, the preferred terms are “climate emergency, crisis or breakdown” and “global heating” is favored over “global warming”, although the original terms are not banned. “We want to ensure that we are being scientifically precise, while also communicating clearly with readers on this very important issue,” said the editor-in-chief, Katharine Viner. “The phrase ‘climate change’, for example, sounds rather passive and gentle when what scientists are talking about is a disaster for people.” “Increasingly, climate scientists and organizations from the UN to the Met Office are changing their terms, and using stronger language to describe the situation we’re in,” she said. Other terms that have been updated, including the use of “wildlife” rather than “biodiversity”, “fish populations” instead of “fish stocks” and “climate science denier (否认气候变化者)” rather than “climate sceptic”. Earlier in May, Greta Thunberg, the Swedish teenager who has inspired school strikes for climate around the globe, said: “Can we all now call it what it is: climate breakdown, climate crisis, climate emergency, ecological breakdown, ecological crisis and ecological emergency?” The update to the Guardian’s style guide follows the addition of the global carbon dioxide level to the Guardian’s daily weather pages. “Levels of CO2 in the atmosphere have risen so dramatically, which is symbolic of what human activity is doing to our climate,” said Viner in April. “People need reminding that the climate crisis is no longer a future problem-we need to tackle it now, and every day matters.” 1.Why is the Guardian changing the language it uses about the environment? A. To illustrate the world’s environment crises in a more precise way. B. To remove all the negative expressions concerning environment problems. C. To achieve more accurate description of the diverse world we live in. D. To make the terms about environment sound more academic. 2.In terms of the Guardian’s language changing in the field of environment, which of the following statement is true? A. Since the new terms about environment crises have been adopted, the original ones are all banned. B. “Climate crisis” as a stronger term helps to describe the real threat facing the world. C. Compared with “climate crisis”, “climate change” sounds more pessimistic and depressing. D. Global carbon dioxide level is added to the Guardian’s daily weather pages after the update of the style guide. 3.All the following are newly updated terms except ________. A. wildlife B. fish population C. biodiversity D. climate science denier 4.What was the primary purpose of Greta Thunberg by saying “Can we all now call it what it is: climate breakdown,... emergency”? A. To set a good example for teenagers as a well-behavior student. B. To convey Swedish schools’ willingness to listen to different voices from teenagers. C. To show it is urgent to update environment terms. D. To show how popular environment campaigns are among Sweden. 主题语境02 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·江苏苏州实验中学·期中）From an early age, Edward Norton was taught what protecting the environment really needs. His father, an environmental lawyer, founded the Grand Canyon Trust and his grandfather was a pioneer in low-income housing policy. Norton built his own career in a different field, becoming one of his generation’s most respected actors. When Norton first became famous, he concluded that he wasn’t interested in ordinary celebrity work. “I am not interested in being a spokesperson,” he says. “It’s not that I don’t believe those things are important, but that held no nourishment for me.” What does nourish Norton is his work with a Kenya-based organization called the Maasai Wilderness Conservation Trust, which helps the Maasai people make a living while protecting the environment. One project that Norton is particularly proud of channels profits from the sale of carbon offsets (补偿) to local Maasai communities who use that money to support health, education, and conservation initiatives. One challenge that concerns Norton would be familiar to his father and grandfather: raising funds. This led Norton to a realization: “We can’t have the conservation movement depend only on donor funds,” he says. “It not only can’t scale; it’s fundamentally unstable.” A new model is needed. Norton and his partners argue that tourist dollars being spent in fragile places ought to remain in-country-or better yet, in-community. Norton and his team have started a company called Conservation Equity that will invest in tourism in African places and will reinvest its profits locally instead of paying distant shareholders. Norton is optimistic about the model’s prospects. “I think what we are doing has no previous example to follow. The needs of people are not going to stop, and we can’t stop either. If the work of restoring mature can’t produce a stronger and more reliable economy, the effort will fail.” 1.How did Norton feel about being a typical celebrity spokesperson? A. Enthusiastic. B. Tolerant. C. Confused. D. Dissatisfied. 2.What is Norton’s main concern about the conservation movement? A. Expansion of its public influence. B. Failure to meet the needs of local communities. C. Lack of a stable source of funding. D. Repetition of the faults of previous generations. 3.What is special about Norton’s new model of conservation? A. Downplaying the value of nature. B. Focusing on local children’s education. C. Benefiting local economic development. D. Raising funds from distant donors. 4.Which of the following words best describe Norton? A. Confident and honest B. Practical and pioneering. C. Generous and talented. D. Insightful and conventional. 主题语境01 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高二上·江苏南菁高中学·期中）A young mom stares out the window in an empty room, holding a baby. The striking image is meant to arouse sympathy for a charity campaign and to urge the viewer to ask: Who is this poor woman? How can I help her? But there is a catch: The woman is not real. Furniture Bank, a Toronto-based charity that collects used household items for people in need, switched to Al-generated images in its 2022 holiday campaign. The move raised a host of ethical (道德的) questions along with donations. Executive director Dan Kershaw said that the lifelike scenes show the isolation of clients (客户的孤立无援) without objectifying (具体化) real people. Charities often use images of economically disadvantaged individuals to win public sympathy. Kershaw noted, “Without this strategy, they wouldn’t raise funds.” Studies suggest that images of negative emotions lead to larger donations than those with smiling faces. But there has been recent resistance to this long-existing practice. Critics argue that it can reinforce harmful stereotypes (刻板印象) and hurt its subjects. In 2022, Kershaw took stories written by real clients, input them into the AI image generator Midjourney, and created 40 images. This allowed Furniture Bank to show some of the darkest moments in their clients’ lives without identifying them in any way. Jon Dean, a sociology professor, said that AI is a step in the right direction in this case. It, however, doesn’t necessarily improve Furniture Bank’s images above traditional ones. While they’ve solved an ethical problem by not identifying individuals, Dean pointed out that these images still put the focus on individual suffering, rather than the root causes of that suffering. Stowe Boyd, a researcher in tech evolution, noted that we are getting used to questioning every image we see online. While plagiarism (抄袭) has always existed, AI provides another way to“degrade the authenticity” in photography and writing. Whether authenticity matters is a more complicated question. But a news reporter quoting a fictional straw man in an article, or a charity pretending an Al image was real, would cross an ethical line, said Boyd. 1.What did Furniture Bank do in 2022? A. It hired a young mom to take more attractive photos. B. It adopted an unconventional way to drive donations. C. It bought a collection of useful household items for the poor. D. It asked the clients to enter their stories into an AI image generator. 2.What is one of the problems of using individuals’ real photos in charity activities? A. It can trap donors in negative emotions. B. It is at a disadvantage in terms of quantity. C. It can’t attract the attention of more groups. D. It harms the dignity of the people involved. 3.What is Jon Dean’s attitude towards the AI approach in charity? A. Supportive. B. Indifferent. C. Objective. D. Critical. 4.What does Stowe Boyd suggest in the last paragraph? A. Using AI with caution in charity activities. B. Holding more talks on the use of AI in charity. C. Applying AI to solve the problem of plagiarism. D. Developing people’s ability to spot virtual pictures. 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·江苏南菁高中学·期中）A bitter argument arose after it was reported that the Oregon Shakespeare Festival (OSF) — southern Oregon’s 80-year-old annual theatrical festival — would be authorizing playwrights (剧作家) to “translate” all of Shakespeare’s plays into modern English. The project drew anger from Shakespearean professors, artists and others who believe firmly in the power of Shakespeare’s original texts and are against any attempt to simplify their language. As an educator and lover of Shakespearean drama, I believe in the value of presenting Shakespeare’s plays in their original language. I require my students to read Shakespeare’s plays in their original form, and through my work on the World Shakespeare Project, I’ve witnessed undergraduates (本科生) in places such as India, Uganda and Argentina enthusiastically respond to the challenge. Yet the anger over the OSF’s new modernization project is misguided. The organization — which is known for experimentation — is simply taking part in a centuries-long tradition of adapting Shakespeare’s original texts. Among those criticizing the new project is Columbia University Professor James Shapiro, a well-known Shakespearean scholar who maintains that “with the language changed in this modernizing way the work just doesn’t have the excitement and the quality of the original language.” Earlier this month, before an audience at Shakespeare’s Globe, he added, “It’s a really bad idea.” Noticeably, however, Shapiro, along with many others, responded quite differently to the translation of a different classic text. On Nobel Prize winner Seamus Heaney’s often-praised 1999 rewriting of Beowulf, Shapiro wrote in The New York Times: “Examples like this add up to a translation that manages to achieve what before seemed impossible: a faithful translation that is meanwhile an original and fascinating poem in its own right.” In this example, at least, Heaney’s talent apparently overcame Shapiro’s opposition to the concept. The playwrights the company has authorized to “modernize” the language of Shakespeare’s works may or may not achieve the same success as Seamus Heaney’s Beowulf did. But for whatever reason, changing the language of Shakespeare remains to be unacceptable, while the setting, costuming and theoretical conceptualization of his plays are fair game for innovation. 1.Why does the author mention some undergraduates? A. To clear up their misunderstanding about Shakespeare. B. To show their interest in Shakespeare’s original works. C. To stress their key role in the World Shakespeare Project. D. To show their anger over the OSF’s modernization project. 2.What can we say about James Shapiro? A. He always keeps his word. B. He thinks little of Beowulf. C. He remains true to his work. D. He has contradictory views. 3.What does the author say about Shakespeare’s works? A. Innovations in them in some aspects are acceptable. B. The language modernization of them won’t be successful. C. They have a greater influence on playwrights than Beowulf. D. Their setting and costuming are as important as the language. 4.What is the main purpose of the text? A. To report a breakthrough in Shakespeare’s plays. B. To discuss a project that is linked to Shakespeare. C. To advise Shakespeare lovers to stand up in protest. D. To awaken people’s interest in Shakespeare’s works. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（新闻报道+其他） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高二上·江苏扬州中学联培部·期中）Four years ago, Alastair Driver was made director of Rewilding Britain, a charity with a mission to shake up conservation in the UK. Rewilding, in theory, is to restore land and let nature take back control. Once he got started, he fell in love with conservation all over again. Alastair’s goal is to make the concept mainstream. So far, he’s moving in the right direction. “The British government is including rewilding in future farming policy,” he says. If anyone knows what’s good for Britain’s wild spaces, it’s Alastair. His father was a country naturalist, so the natural world played a big role in his life from an early age. After studying ecology at university, he went on to become a conservation officer for the Thames Water Authority, where he spent 34 years preserving rivers and wetlands. Then, in 2002, Alistair took charge of the Environment Agency, shaping national policy and strategy until 2016. Now, he believes rewilding is the next step for nature restoration in the UK and it needs to happen on a much larger scale. As such, Alastair spends most of his time travelling around the UK, meeting with landowners, advising them about the advantages of rewilding their land, and offering practical tips for getting started. In just four years, he’s seen a massive uptake in interest. In the early days, Alastair would literally ring around his contact list to get people involved; now, he can hardly cope with emails and calls coming his way. Part of this change is a symptom of the bigger environmental challenges facing mankind. “People are more aware of climate change and the biodiversity crisis,” he says. Towards the end of 2020, with Alastair’s continuous efforts, the Rewilding Network was launched, a platform where farmers and landowners can connect, share ideas, and seek expert advice. Currently, just over 200, 000 acres of land are being rewilded through the network. For Alastair, it’s a huge step in the right direction. 1.What is Alastair’s goal in Rewilding? A. To regain his interest in conservation. B. To force the government to make policies. C. To get the idea recognized by most people. D. To advertise the charity for more donations. 2.What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. What Alastair studied in the past. B. When Alastair started conservation. C. How Alastair’s father influences him. D. Why Alastair knows much about nature. 3.Why does people’s attitude towards rewilding change? A. Alastair puts efforts to promote rewilding. B. Alastair has faith in the value of rewilding. C. People face fewer environmental challenges. D. People are taught measures to rewild the land. 4.What can we learn from Alastair’s story? A. Don’t judge a book by its cover. B. Birds of a feather flock together. C. A devoted soul can achieve his goal. D. A man becomes learned by asking questions. 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. C 【解析】 本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是Alastair Driver致力于野生化项目。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Alastair’s goal is to make the concept mainstream.（阿拉斯泰尔的目标是让这一概念成为主流。）”可知，阿拉斯泰尔在Rewilding中的目标是让这个想法得到大多数人的认可。故选C。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段的“His father was a country naturalist, so the natural world played a big role in his life from an early age. After studying ecology at university, he went on to become a conservation officer for the Thames Water Authority, where he spent 34 years preserving rivers and wetlands. Then, in 2002, Alistair took charge of the Environment Agency, shaping national policy and strategy until 2016.（他的父亲是一个乡村自然主义者，所以自然世界在他很小的时候就在他的生活中扮演了重要的角色。在大学学习生态学之后，他成为了泰晤士河水务局的一名保护官员，在那里他花了34年的时间保护河流和湿地。然后，在2002年，阿利斯泰尔掌管环境局，制定国家政策和战略直到2016年。）”可知，第二段主要讲的是Alastair Driver的学习和工作历程，因此是关于为什么阿拉斯泰尔对自然如此了解。故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段的“As such, Alastair spends most of his time travelling around the UK, meeting with landowners, advising them about the advantages of rewilding their land, and offering practical tips for getting started.（因此，阿拉斯泰尔的大部分时间都在英国各地旅行，会见土地所有者，向他们建议重新野生化土地的好处，并提供实用的入门建议。）”可知，阿拉斯泰尔做了很多的努力，因此人们对野生动物的态度发生了变化是因为阿拉斯泰尔致力于促进野生动物回归。故选A。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Towards the end of 2020, with Alastair’s continuous efforts, the Rewilding Network was launched, a platform where farmers and landowners can connect, share ideas, and seek expert advice. Currently, just over 200, 000 acres of land are being rewilded through the network. For Alastair, it’s a huge step in the right direction.（到2020年底，在阿拉斯泰尔的持续努力下，野生动物重返网络(rewild Network)成立了，这是一个农民和土地所有者可以联系、分享想法和寻求专家建议的平台。目前，有超过20万英亩的土地正在通过这个网络进行野生化。对阿拉斯泰尔来说，这是朝着正确方向迈出的一大步。）”可知，在阿拉斯泰尔的持续努力下，野生化取得了很大的进展，因此这个故事告诉我们一个有热诚的灵魂能达到他的目标。故选C。 主题语境02 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高二上·江苏前黄高级中学·期中）Most people hate mosquitoes — but scientists are about to build a “mosquito factory” to release modified mosquitoes. The modified mosquitoes carry a bacterium called Wolbachia pipientis (沃尔巴克氏菌), which can be naturally found in most insect species. However, it’s rarely discovered in mosquitoes. “We actually grow these mosquitoes that contain the bacterium,” Scott O’Neill, an Australian scientist who is involved in the project, told CBC News. When the modified mosquitoes are released, they slowly spread the bacterium to the population. Several studies have demonstrated the insects’ success. For example, a controlled experiment in Indonesia showed that the modified insect helped reduce the cases of the disease dengue (登革热) by 77 percent, according to a study paper published in 2021. The World Mosquito Program has announced that it will release modified mosquitoes in many of Brazil’s urban areas over the next 10 years. The aim is to protect up to 70 million people from diseases such as dengue, a disease mainly spread by mosquitoes. Dengue patients may have mild symptoms (症状) like fever, but severe cases can lead to death. Brazil has one of the highest rates of dengue infection in the world, according to the Nature website. “More than 1,000 people died of dengue in 2022 because of the spread of mosquitoes. It’s going everywhere,” Luciano Moreira, a scientist at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, told CBC News. Another way to prevent mosquitoes from spreading diseases is by producing genetically modified (GM，转基因的) mosquitoes. In 2022, the US Environmental Protection Agency cleared the release of 2.4 billion GM mosquitoes in California and Florida. According to the agency, GM mosquitoes carry two types of genes: a self-limiting gene that prevents female offspring (后代) from surviving to adulthood; and a marker gene that allows researchers to identify GM ones in the wild. After being released, GM mosquitoes lay eggs, so the genes are passed on to offspring. In this way, the number of female mosquitoes is reduced, therefore reducing the chance of spreading disease. 1.Why are the modified mosquitoes grown according to Scott O’Neill? A. To prevent mosquitoes from biting people. B. To make money for the scientists involved. C. To reduce the number of insects in the world. D. To spread a bacterium called Wolbachia pipientis. 2.What can we learn about the release of modified mosquitoes in Brazil? A. The decision to do so is only based on scientific research. B. The program will immediately reduce dengue cases by 77%. C. The high infection rate of dengue in Brazil is a key factor to it. D. The program aims to remove dengue completely within the next decade. 3.What does the underlined word “cleared” in paragraph 6 mean? A. Permitted. B. Removed. C. Disturbed. D. Restricted. 4.What might be the best title for the text? A. The Benefits of Mosquitoes B. Modified Mosquitoes to Fight Diseases C. The World Mosquito Program’s Success D. Genetic Engineering in Medical Research 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一项关于通过改良蚊子基因来防止蚊子传播疾病的研究。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“However, it’s rarely discovered in mosquitoes. “We actually grow these mosquitoes that contain the bacterium,” Scott O’Neill, an Australian scientist who is involved in the project, told CBC News. When the modified mosquitoes are released, they slowly spread the bacterium to the population.(然而，很少在蚊子身上发现。参与该项目的澳大利亚科学家斯科特·奥尼尔告诉加拿大广播公司新闻：“我们实际上培育了这些含有细菌的蚊子。”当转基因蚊子被释放时，它们会慢慢地将细菌传播给人群)”可知，培育转基因蚊子是为了传播一种叫做沃尔巴克氏体的细菌。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“The World Mosquito Program has announced that it will release modified mosquitoes in many of Brazil’s urban areas over the next 10 years. The aim is to protect up to 70 million people from diseases such as dengue, a disease mainly spread by mosquitoes. Dengue patients may have mild symptoms (症状) like fever, but severe cases can lead to death.(世界蚊子项目宣布，未来10年将在巴西许多城市地区释放转基因蚊子。其目的是保护多达7000万人免受登革热等疾病的侵害，登革热是一种主要由蚊子传播的疾病。登革热患者可能有轻微的症状，如发烧，但严重的病例可能导致死亡)”可知，登革热在巴西的高感染率是一个释放转基因蚊子的关键因素。故选C。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“the US Environmental Protection Agency(美国环境保护署)”以及后文“the release of 2.4 billion GM mosquitoes in California and Florida(在加州和佛罗里达州释放24亿只转基因蚊子)”可知，政府允许在加州和佛罗里达州释放24亿只转基因蚊子。故划线词意思是“允许”。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Several studies have demonstrated the insects’ success. For example, a controlled experiment in Indonesia showed that the modified insect helped reduce the cases of the disease dengue (登革热) by 77 percent, according to a study paper published in 2021.(几项研究已经证明了这种昆虫的成功。例如，根据2021年发表的一篇研究论文，印度尼西亚的一项对照实验表明，这种转基因昆虫有助于将登革热病例减少77%)”结合文章报道了一项关于通过改良蚊子基因来防止蚊子传播疾病的研究，所以“改良蚊子以对抗疾病”是文章最佳标题。故选B。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高二上·江苏天一中学·期中）Labubu dolls are hard to find. Even at the giant flagship store of their maker, Pop Mart, in Shanghai, customers are told they need to wait a week or longer. The lovely creatures, sold in “blind boxes” so that buyers don’t know which one they will get, are loved not only by Chinese children but also by famous people at home and abroad. For many years, Chinese shoppers liked to follow foreign trends in fashion, make-up, hotels and other areas. But now, they are turning to local luxury brands, high-end make-up labels and milk tea shops. Furthermore, many of these brands are winning fans in other countries. Chinese brands are beginning to penetrate international markets with their unique products. As consumers have become more careful about spending, cheap but good-quality local brands have grown popular. But lower prices are not the only reason for the love of Chinese brands. In many cases shoppers are paying the same or even more for local products. For instance, the best selling drinks at Chagee, a tea chain that went public in New York in April, are tea lattes(拿铁)that sell for 15-20 yuan ($2-3), almost the same as Starbucks’s top drinks in China. Chinese consumers are also now far less crazy about foreign goods simply because they are foreign. The rapid rise of Laopu proves that. Instead of copying Western style, both Laopu and Chagee have shown off their Chineseness. It has worked. The competition is not limited to China. Pop Mart now has stores in more than 20 countries, including at least 37 in America. Chagee will have more than 1,300 shops outside China by the end of the year, up from almost none four years ago. Experts believe that the more foreign recognition these brands get, the more popular they become within China. The popularity on Western social media over Labubu dolls is thought to have made them even more famous at home. 1.What’s the purpose of the first paragraph? A. To promote a product. B. To introduce the topic. C. To present an argument. D. To show the present situation. 2.What does the underlined word “penetrate” in paragraph 2 most likely mean? A. Reject B. Ignore C. Enter D. Quit 3.What does the example of Chagee’s tea lattes show? A. Price matters most to consumers. B. Some local brands achieve high pricing. C. cheap local brands are popular in China. D. Chinese tea chains outperform foreign ones. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. The Charm of Chinese luxury Brands B. Why Milk Tea Brands Win the hearts C. From Local Toy to Global Hit: Pop Mart leads the Way D. From Foreign Trends to Local Love: Chinese Brands Shine 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍中国消费者从追随外国潮流转向青睐本土品牌，本土品牌凭借特色产品打入国际市场并崭露头角的现状。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Labubu dolls are hard to find. Even at the giant flagship store of their maker, Pop Mart, in Shanghai, customers are told they need to wait a week or longer.(Labubu玩偶一物难求。即使在其制造商泡泡玛特位于上海的大型旗舰店，顾客也被告知需要等待一周甚至更久。)”可知，作者通过Labubu玩偶热销且难购买的现象，自然引出本土品牌崛起的文章主题。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Furthermore, many of these brands are winning fans in other countries. Chinese brands are beginning to penetrate international markets with their unique products.(此外，这些品牌中的许多都在其他国家赢得了粉丝。中国品牌正开始凭借其独特的产品penetrate国际市场。)”可知，结合“赢得海外粉丝”的语境，划线词意为“进入、打入”，即中国品牌逐步进入国际市场。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But lower prices are not the only reason for the love of Chinese brands. In many cases shoppers are paying the same or even more for local products. For instance, the best selling drinks at Chagee, a tea chain that went public in New York in April, are tea lattes(拿铁)that sell for 15-20 yuan ($2-3), almost the same as Starbucks’s top drinks in China.(但低价并非中国品牌受欢迎的唯一原因。在很多情况下，消费者为本土产品支付的价格相同甚至更高。例如，4月在纽约上市的茶饮连锁品牌霸王茶姬，其最畅销的饮品是拿铁，售价15 - 20元（2 - 3美元），几乎与星巴克在中国的高端饮品价格相当。)”可知，霸王茶姬拿铁的例子表明，部分本土品牌定价不低，可达到与国际品牌相当的水平。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“For many years, Chinese shoppers liked to follow foreign trends in fashion, make-up, hotels and other areas. But now, they are turning to local luxury brands, high-end make-up labels and milk tea shops. Furthermore, many of these brands are winning fans in other countries.(多年来，中国消费者喜欢追随外国在时尚、美妆、酒店等领域的潮流。但如今，他们正转向本土奢侈品牌、高端美妆品牌和奶茶店。此外，这些品牌中的许多还在其他国家赢得了粉丝。)”可知，文章核心是中国消费者从追捧外国潮流转向喜爱本土品牌，且本土品牌在国际市场逐渐发光，“从外国潮流到本土热爱：中国品牌闪耀”为最佳标题。故选D项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·江苏扬州大学附中·期中）The Guardian (卫报) has updated its style guide to introduce terms that more accurately describe the environmental crises facing the world. Instead of “climate change”, the preferred terms are “climate emergency, crisis or breakdown” and “global heating” is favored over “global warming”, although the original terms are not banned. “We want to ensure that we are being scientifically precise, while also communicating clearly with readers on this very important issue,” said the editor-in-chief, Katharine Viner. “The phrase ‘climate change’, for example, sounds rather passive and gentle when what scientists are talking about is a disaster for people.” “Increasingly, climate scientists and organizations from the UN to the Met Office are changing their terms, and using stronger language to describe the situation we’re in,” she said. Other terms that have been updated, including the use of “wildlife” rather than “biodiversity”, “fish populations” instead of “fish stocks” and “climate science denier (否认气候变化者)” rather than “climate sceptic”. Earlier in May, Greta Thunberg, the Swedish teenager who has inspired school strikes for climate around the globe, said: “Can we all now call it what it is: climate breakdown, climate crisis, climate emergency, ecological breakdown, ecological crisis and ecological emergency?” The update to the Guardian’s style guide follows the addition of the global carbon dioxide level to the Guardian’s daily weather pages. “Levels of CO2 in the atmosphere have risen so dramatically, which is symbolic of what human activity is doing to our climate,” said Viner in April. “People need reminding that the climate crisis is no longer a future problem-we need to tackle it now, and every day matters.” 1.Why is the Guardian changing the language it uses about the environment? A. To illustrate the world’s environment crises in a more precise way. B. To remove all the negative expressions concerning environment problems. C. To achieve more accurate description of the diverse world we live in. D. To make the terms about environment sound more academic. 2.In terms of the Guardian’s language changing in the field of environment, which of the following statement is true? A. Since the new terms about environment crises have been adopted, the original ones are all banned. B. “Climate crisis” as a stronger term helps to describe the real threat facing the world. C. Compared with “climate crisis”, “climate change” sounds more pessimistic and depressing. D. Global carbon dioxide level is added to the Guardian’s daily weather pages after the update of the style guide. 3.All the following are newly updated terms except ________. A. wildlife B. fish population C. biodiversity D. climate science denier 4.What was the primary purpose of Greta Thunberg by saying “Can we all now call it what it is: climate breakdown,... emergency”? A. To set a good example for teenagers as a well-behavior student. B. To convey Swedish schools’ willingness to listen to different voices from teenagers. C. To show it is urgent to update environment terms. D. To show how popular environment campaigns are among Sweden. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了《卫报》更新其风格指南，引入更准确描述全球环境危机的术语。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“The Guardian (卫报) has updated its style guide to introduce terms that more accurately describe the environmental crises facing the world.(《卫报》更新了其风格指南，引入了能更精准描述全球所面临环境危机的术语。)”可知，《卫报》改变其关于环境的语言是为了更准确地描述世界环境危机。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Instead of “climate change”, the preferred terms are “climate emergency, crisis or breakdown” and “global heating” is favored over “global warming”, although the original terms are not banned.(《卫报》不再使用“气候变化（climate change）”一词，而更倾向于使用“气候紧急状态、气候危机或气候崩溃（climate emergency, crisis or breakdown）”等表述；相较于“全球变暖（global warming）”，“全球变热（global heating）”更受青睐，不过原词汇并未被禁用。)”、第三段中“The phrase ‘climate change’, for example, sounds rather passive and gentle when what scientists are talking about is a disaster for people.(例如，‘气候变化’这个词听起来相当被动和温和，而科学家们所谈论的是对人类的一场灾难。)”可知，“气候危机”作为一个更强烈的术语，有助于描述世界面临的真正威胁。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Other terms that have been updated, including the use of “wildlife” rather than “biodiversity”, “fish populations” instead of “fish stocks” and “climate science denier(否认气候变化者)” rather than “climate sceptic”.(其他更新的术语包括：用 “野生物种”（wildlife）替代 “生物多样性”（biodiversity）、“鱼类种群”（fish populations）替代 “鱼类资源”（fish stocks），以及 “气候科学否认者”（climate science denier）替代 “气候怀疑论者”（climate sceptic）。)”可知，biodiversity不是新更新的术语。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Earlier in May, Greta Thunberg, the Swedish teenager who has inspired school strikes for climate around the globe, said: “Can we all now call it what it is: climate breakdown, climate crisis, climate emergency, ecological breakdown, ecological crisis and ecological emergency?”(5月初，瑞典少女Greta Thunberg在全球范围内引发了学校气候罢课，她说：“我们现在能把它叫做气候崩溃、气候危机、气候紧急状态、生态崩溃、生态危机和生态紧急状态吗？”)”和最后一段中“The update to the Guardian’s style guide follows the addition of the global carbon dioxide level to the Guardian’s daily weather pages.(在《卫报》的每日天气页面上增加了全球二氧化碳水平之后，《卫报》的风格指南进行了更新。)”以及“People need reminding that the climate crisis is no longer a future problem-we need to tackle it now, and every day matters.(人们需要提醒，气候危机不再是一个未来的问题——我们现在需要解决它，每一天都很重要。)”可知，Greta Thunberg说的话的主要目的是表明更新环境术语的紧迫性。故选C。 主题语境02 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·江苏苏州实验中学·期中）From an early age, Edward Norton was taught what protecting the environment really needs. His father, an environmental lawyer, founded the Grand Canyon Trust and his grandfather was a pioneer in low-income housing policy. Norton built his own career in a different field, becoming one of his generation’s most respected actors. When Norton first became famous, he concluded that he wasn’t interested in ordinary celebrity work. “I am not interested in being a spokesperson,” he says. “It’s not that I don’t believe those things are important, but that held no nourishment for me.” What does nourish Norton is his work with a Kenya-based organization called the Maasai Wilderness Conservation Trust, which helps the Maasai people make a living while protecting the environment. One project that Norton is particularly proud of channels profits from the sale of carbon offsets (补偿) to local Maasai communities who use that money to support health, education, and conservation initiatives. One challenge that concerns Norton would be familiar to his father and grandfather: raising funds. This led Norton to a realization: “We can’t have the conservation movement depend only on donor funds,” he says. “It not only can’t scale; it’s fundamentally unstable.” A new model is needed. Norton and his partners argue that tourist dollars being spent in fragile places ought to remain in-country-or better yet, in-community. Norton and his team have started a company called Conservation Equity that will invest in tourism in African places and will reinvest its profits locally instead of paying distant shareholders. Norton is optimistic about the model’s prospects. “I think what we are doing has no previous example to follow. The needs of people are not going to stop, and we can’t stop either. If the work of restoring mature can’t produce a stronger and more reliable economy, the effort will fail.” 1.How did Norton feel about being a typical celebrity spokesperson? A. Enthusiastic. B. Tolerant. C. Confused. D. Dissatisfied. 2.What is Norton’s main concern about the conservation movement? A. Expansion of its public influence. B. Failure to meet the needs of local communities. C. Lack of a stable source of funding. D. Repetition of the faults of previous generations. 3.What is special about Norton’s new model of conservation? A. Downplaying the value of nature. B. Focusing on local children’s education. C. Benefiting local economic development. D. Raising funds from distant donors. 4.Which of the following words best describe Norton? A. Confident and honest B. Practical and pioneering. C. Generous and talented. D. Insightful and conventional. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述演员爱德华・诺顿深耕环保，创新模式助力当地经济与环保双赢的事迹。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中“When Norton first became famous, he concluded that he wasn’t interested in ordinary celebrity work. “I am not interested in being a spokesperson,” he says. “It’s not that I don’t believe those things are important, but that held no nourishment for me.”(当诺顿第一次成名时，他得出结论，他对普通的明星工作不感兴趣。“我对做代言人不感兴趣，”他说。“并不是我不认为那些事情很重要，而是那对我来说毫无意义。”)”可知，诺顿对成为典型的明星代言人感到不满意。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“One challenge that concerns Norton would be familiar to his father and grandfather: raising funds This led Norton to a realization: “We can’t have the conservation movement depend only on donor funds,” he says. “It not only can’t scale; it’s fundamentally unstable.”(诺顿关心的一个挑战，他的父亲和祖父都很熟悉：筹集资金。这让诺顿意识到：“我们不能让保护运动只依赖捐赠资金，”他说。“它不仅无法扩大规模；从根本上来说是不稳定的。”)”可知，诺顿对保护运动的主要担忧是缺乏稳定的资金来源。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Norton and his team have started a company called Conservation Equity that will invest in tourism in African places and will reinvest its profits locally instead of paying distant shareholders.(诺顿和他的团队成立了一家名为“Conservation Equity”的公司，该公司将投资非洲地区的旅游业，并将利润再投资于当地，而不是支付给远方的股东)”可知，诺顿的新保护模式的特别之处是有利于当地经济发展。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“One challenge that concerns Norton would be familiar to his father and grandfather: raising funds This led Norton to a realization: “We can’t have the conservation movement depend only on donor funds,” he says. “It not only can’t scale; it’s fundamentally unstable.”(诺顿关心的一个挑战，他的父亲和祖父都很熟悉：筹集资金。这让诺顿意识到：“我们不能让保护运动只依赖捐赠资金，”他说。“它不仅无法扩大规模；从根本上来说是不稳定的。”)”以及第五段中“Norton and his team have started a company called Conservation Equity that will invest in tourism in African places and will reinvest its profits locally instead of paying distant shareholders.(诺顿和他的团队成立了一家名为“Conservation Equity”的公司，该公司将投资非洲地区的旅游业，并将利润再投资于当地，而不是支付给远方的股东)”、最后一段中“I think what we are doing has no previous example to follow. The needs of people are not going to stop, and we can’t stop either. If the work of restoring nature can’t produce a stronger and more reliable economy, the effort will fail.(我认为我们所做的事情没有先例可循。人们的需求不会停止，我们也不能停止。如果恢复自然生态的工作不能产生更强大、更可靠的经济，那么努力就会失败。”)”可知，第四段中诺顿意识到环保运动依赖捐赠资金的不稳定性，进而在第五段提出“将旅游利润留在当地”的新模型（体现“开拓性”），以及最后一段中他强调“环保工作必须能催生更强大、更可靠的经济，否则就会失败”（体现“务实性”）。B选项“Practical and pioneering.(务实性，且具有开创性)”最能描述诺顿。故选B。 主题语境01 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高二上·江苏南菁高中学·期中）A young mom stares out the window in an empty room, holding a baby. The striking image is meant to arouse sympathy for a charity campaign and to urge the viewer to ask: Who is this poor woman? How can I help her? But there is a catch: The woman is not real. Furniture Bank, a Toronto-based charity that collects used household items for people in need, switched to Al-generated images in its 2022 holiday campaign. The move raised a host of ethical (道德的) questions along with donations. Executive director Dan Kershaw said that the lifelike scenes show the isolation of clients (客户的孤立无援) without objectifying (具体化) real people. Charities often use images of economically disadvantaged individuals to win public sympathy. Kershaw noted, “Without this strategy, they wouldn’t raise funds.” Studies suggest that images of negative emotions lead to larger donations than those with smiling faces. But there has been recent resistance to this long-existing practice. Critics argue that it can reinforce harmful stereotypes (刻板印象) and hurt its subjects. In 2022, Kershaw took stories written by real clients, input them into the AI image generator Midjourney, and created 40 images. This allowed Furniture Bank to show some of the darkest moments in their clients’ lives without identifying them in any way. Jon Dean, a sociology professor, said that AI is a step in the right direction in this case. It, however, doesn’t necessarily improve Furniture Bank’s images above traditional ones. While they’ve solved an ethical problem by not identifying individuals, Dean pointed out that these images still put the focus on individual suffering, rather than the root causes of that suffering. Stowe Boyd, a researcher in tech evolution, noted that we are getting used to questioning every image we see online. While plagiarism (抄袭) has always existed, AI provides another way to“degrade the authenticity” in photography and writing. Whether authenticity matters is a more complicated question. But a news reporter quoting a fictional straw man in an article, or a charity pretending an Al image was real, would cross an ethical line, said Boyd. 1.What did Furniture Bank do in 2022? A. It hired a young mom to take more attractive photos. B. It adopted an unconventional way to drive donations. C. It bought a collection of useful household items for the poor. D. It asked the clients to enter their stories into an AI image generator. 2.What is one of the problems of using individuals’ real photos in charity activities? A. It can trap donors in negative emotions. B. It is at a disadvantage in terms of quantity. C. It can’t attract the attention of more groups. D. It harms the dignity of the people involved. 3.What is Jon Dean’s attitude towards the AI approach in charity? A. Supportive. B. Indifferent. C. Objective. D. Critical. 4.What does Stowe Boyd suggest in the last paragraph? A. Using AI with caution in charity activities. B. Holding more talks on the use of AI in charity. C. Applying AI to solve the problem of plagiarism. D. Developing people’s ability to spot virtual pictures. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了Furniture Bank使用AI图像募捐引发的伦理争议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Furniture Bank, a Toronto-based charity that collects used household items for people in need, switched to Al-generated images in its 2022 holiday campaign. (家具银行是一家总部位于多伦多的慈善机构，为有需要的人收集二手家居用品，该机构在2022年的节日活动中转而使用人工智能生成的图像)”可知，Furniture Bank采用了一种非常规的方式来推动捐款。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。由文章第四段中“But there has been recent resistance to this long-existing practice. Critics argue that it can reinforce harmful stereotypes (刻板印象) and hurt its subjects. (然而，近期对这种长期存在的做法出现了抵制。批评者认为，这可能会强化有害的刻板印象，并伤害其对象)”可知，在慈善活动中使用个人真实照片的问题之一是损害了相关人员的尊严。故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。由文章第五段“Jon Dean, a sociology professor, said that AI is a step in the right direction in this case. It, however, doesn’t necessarily improve Furniture Bank’s images above traditional ones. While they’ve solved an ethical problem by not identifying individuals, Dean pointed out that these images still put the focus on individual suffering, rather than the root causes of that suffering. (社会学教授Jon Dean表示，在这种情况下，AI是一个正确的方向。然而，这并不一定意味着家具银行的形象能够超越传统形象。虽然他们通过不识别个人解决了一个道德问题，但迪恩指出，这些图像仍然将焦点放在了个人的苦难上，而不是这些苦难的根本原因上)”可知，Jon Dean对AI在慈善中的应用持客观态度。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Stowe Boyd, a researcher in tech evolution, noted that we are getting used to questioning every image we see online. While plagiarism (抄袭) has always existed, AI provides another way to“degrade the authenticity” in photography and writing. Whether authenticity matters is a more complicated question. But a news reporter quoting a fictional straw man in an article, or a charity pretending an Al image was real, would cross an ethical line, said Boyd. (科技进化研究者Stowe Boyd指出，我们已经习惯于质疑在网上看到的每一张图片。虽然抄袭一直存在，但AI为摄影和写作中的“降低真实性”提供了另一种方式。真实性是否重要是一个更复杂的问题。但博伊德说，新闻记者在文章中引用虚构的稻草人，或慈善机构假装AI图像是真实的，都会跨越道德底线)”可知，Stowe Boyd建议在慈善活动中谨慎使用AI。故选A。 主题语境02 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高二上·江苏南菁高中学·期中）A bitter argument arose after it was reported that the Oregon Shakespeare Festival (OSF) — southern Oregon’s 80-year-old annual theatrical festival — would be authorizing playwrights (剧作家) to “translate” all of Shakespeare’s plays into modern English. The project drew anger from Shakespearean professors, artists and others who believe firmly in the power of Shakespeare’s original texts and are against any attempt to simplify their language. As an educator and lover of Shakespearean drama, I believe in the value of presenting Shakespeare’s plays in their original language. I require my students to read Shakespeare’s plays in their original form, and through my work on the World Shakespeare Project, I’ve witnessed undergraduates (本科生) in places such as India, Uganda and Argentina enthusiastically respond to the challenge. Yet the anger over the OSF’s new modernization project is misguided. The organization — which is known for experimentation — is simply taking part in a centuries-long tradition of adapting Shakespeare’s original texts. Among those criticizing the new project is Columbia University Professor James Shapiro, a well-known Shakespearean scholar who maintains that “with the language changed in this modernizing way the work just doesn’t have the excitement and the quality of the original language.” Earlier this month, before an audience at Shakespeare’s Globe, he added, “It’s a really bad idea.” Noticeably, however, Shapiro, along with many others, responded quite differently to the translation of a different classic text. On Nobel Prize winner Seamus Heaney’s often-praised 1999 rewriting of Beowulf, Shapiro wrote in The New York Times: “Examples like this add up to a translation that manages to achieve what before seemed impossible: a faithful translation that is meanwhile an original and fascinating poem in its own right.” In this example, at least, Heaney’s talent apparently overcame Shapiro’s opposition to the concept. The playwrights the company has authorized to “modernize” the language of Shakespeare’s works may or may not achieve the same success as Seamus Heaney’s Beowulf did. But for whatever reason, changing the language of Shakespeare remains to be unacceptable, while the setting, costuming and theoretical conceptualization of his plays are fair game for innovation. 1.Why does the author mention some undergraduates? A. To clear up their misunderstanding about Shakespeare. B. To show their interest in Shakespeare’s original works. C. To stress their key role in the World Shakespeare Project. D. To show their anger over the OSF’s modernization project. 2.What can we say about James Shapiro? A. He always keeps his word. B. He thinks little of Beowulf. C. He remains true to his work. D. He has contradictory views. 3.What does the author say about Shakespeare’s works? A. Innovations in them in some aspects are acceptable. B. The language modernization of them won’t be successful. C. They have a greater influence on playwrights than Beowulf. D. Their setting and costuming are as important as the language. 4.What is the main purpose of the text? A. To report a breakthrough in Shakespeare’s plays. B. To discuss a project that is linked to Shakespeare. C. To advise Shakespeare lovers to stand up in protest. D. To awaken people’s interest in Shakespeare’s works. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了一个将莎士比亚的所有戏剧“翻译”成现代英语的项目引发了人们的争论。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“As an educator and lover of Shakespearean drama, I believe in the value of presenting Shakespeare’s plays in their original language. I require my students to read Shakespeare’s plays in their original form, and through my work on the World Shakespeare Project, I’ve witnessed undergraduates (本科生) in places such as India, Uganda and Argentina enthusiastically respond to the challenge.(作为一名教育工作者和莎士比亚戏剧爱好者，我相信以原文呈现莎士比亚戏剧的价值。我要求我的学生阅读莎士比亚戏剧的原著，通过我在“世界莎士比亚项目”的工作，我看到印度、乌干达和阿根廷等地的大学生热情地响应这一挑战)”可知，作者提到了一些本科生是为了表明他们对莎士比亚原著的兴趣。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Among those criticizing the new project is Columbia University Professor James Shapiro, a well-known Shakespearean scholar who maintains that “with the language changed in this modernizing way the work just doesn’t have the excitement and the quality of the original language.” Earlier this month, before an audience at Shakespeare’s Globe, he added, “It’s a really bad idea.” Noticeably, however, Shapiro, along with many others, responded quite differently to the translation of a different classic text.(哥伦比亚大学教授詹姆斯·夏皮罗是批评这个新项目的人之一，他是一位著名的莎士比亚研究学者，他坚持认为，“随着语言以这种现代化的方式改变，这部作品就没有了原始语言的兴奋和质量。”本月早些时候，在莎士比亚环球剧院的观众面前，他补充说，“这真是个糟糕的主意。”然而，值得注意的是，夏皮罗和其他许多人一样，对另一种经典文本的翻译有着截然不同的反应)”可知，詹姆斯·夏皮罗的观点相互矛盾。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段“But for whatever reason, changing the language of Shakespeare remains to be unacceptable, while the setting, costuming and theoretical conceptualization of his plays are fair game for innovation.(但无论出于何种原因，改变莎士比亚的语言仍然是不可接受的，而他的戏剧的背景，服装和理论概念是创新的公平游戏)”可知，作者认为莎士比亚的作品在某些方面的创新是可以接受的。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“A bitter argument arose after it was reported that the Oregon Shakespeare Festival (OSF) — southern Oregon’s 80-year-old annual theatrical festival — would be authorizing playwrights (剧作家) to “translate” all of Shakespeare’s plays into modern English.(俄勒冈州南部有80年历史的年度戏剧节俄勒冈莎士比亚节（OSF）将授权剧作家将莎士比亚的所有戏剧“翻译”成现代英语，这一报道引发了激烈的争论)”结合文章主要说明了一个将莎士比亚的所有戏剧“翻译”成现代英语的项目引发了人们的争论。可知，文章的主要目的是讨论一个与莎士比亚有关的项目。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题04阅读理解（新闻报道+其他） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.C2.D3.A4C 主题语境02人与自然-自然生态 【答案】1.D2.C3.A4.B 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.D Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.C 主题语境02人与自然-环境 【答案】1.D2.C3.C4.B 拓展培优 主题语境01人与社会-科学与技术 【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.A 主题语境02人与自我-生活与学习 112 学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.B 212