Units1-2现在完成时导学案-2026-2027学年仁爱科普版英语九年级上册

Units1-2现在完成时态详细讲解与练习 第一部分 语法讲解 （一）基本定义 现在完成时：动作发生在过去，不关注过去具体时间，只强调对当下造成的结果、影响，或动作从过去持续至今。 （二）基本结构 1. 肯定句：主语+ have / has +过去分词（done） 2. 否定句：主语+ haven’t / hasn’t +过去分词（done） 3. 一般疑问句：Have / Has +主语+过去分词（done）？ 主谓搭配核心规则（零出错考点）： 句子主语为第三人称单数（he/she/it、单个人名、单数可数名词、不可数名词），助动词用 has；主语为第一、二人称、复数人称（I/you/we/they、复数名词），助动词用 have。 注意：过去分词无人称变化，仅助动词随主语变化。 例句1：I have finished my homework. 我已经做完作业了。 例句2：She has visited the green park many times. 她多次游览过这个绿色公园。 （三）两大核心用法 用法1：过去动作对现在造成影响/结果（瞬时动作） 动作属于瞬间完成的非延续性动作，发生在过去某一时刻，动作结束后不再重复，重点落脚点是现在的状态、结果、经验。句子中绝对不出现具体过去时间（yesterday/last week等） 做题核心逻辑：看现在，不看过去。常搭配不确定时间状语、次数状语。 例句1：I have cleaned the room. 我已经打扫完房间了。（结果：房间现在干净） 例句2：They have planted many trees. 他们种了很多树。（结果：现在环境变好了） 用法2：动作从过去持续到现在（延续动作） 动作属于可持续的延续性动作，始于过去某个时间点，一直不间断持续到现在，动作可能继续延续下去。必须搭配时间段状语（for+一段时间；since+时间点） 核心要求：延续性动作+时间段绑定使用。 例句1：He has lived here for ten years. 他在这里住了十年了。 例句2：We have studied English since 2015. 我们从2015年开始学英语。 （四）高频标志词 1. 不确定时间状语（无具体过去时间，现在完成时最强信号）： already（已经，多用于肯定句）、yet（还、尚未，多用于否定/疑问句末尾）、 just（刚刚，动作刚完成）、ever（曾经，疑问句）、never（从未，否定含义） 2. 时间段：for +一段时间、since +时间点/过去句子 3. 次数/经历：many times（多次）；twice（两次） 4. 固定时间短语：so far（到目前为止）；in the past (last) few years（在过去几年里）； recently（最近）；these days（如今），以上短语出现，时态必用现在完成时 例句1：I have never polluted the river. 我从未污染过河流。 例句2：Great changes have taken place so far. 到目前为止，已经发生了巨大变化。 （五）重难点：延续性动词 vs 非延续性动词（中考必考易错点） 核心必考规则（中考最大易错点）：非延续性动词（瞬间动词）表示动作瞬间完成，不能与 for/since 引导的时间段连用。若句子有时间段，必须将瞬间动词转换为对应的延续性状态动词/短语，否则句子语法错误。 瞬间动词（非延续）→ 延续性状态转换表 核心原理：瞬间动词表示“一瞬间完成的动作”，无法持续，不能搭配 for / since。因此必须改成对应的延续性状态（形容词/介词短语/延续动词），表示“状态持续了多久”。 1. 来去离合类（最高频） leave 离开→ be away（不在、离开的状态） come / arrive 来到→ be in / be at +地点（在某地的状态） go去往→ be in / be at + 地点（在某地的状态） return / come back 返回→ be back（回来的状态） 例句：He has left for 2 days.（错）→ He has been away for 2 days.（对） 2. 购买、借用类（必考） buy 购买 → have（拥有状态） borrow 借入 → keep（保管/持有状态） lend 借出 → keep（借出后持续的状态） 例句：I have bought it for a year.（错）→ I have had it for a year.（对） 3. 开始、结束类 begin / start 开始 → be on（正在进行、持续上演） finish / end 结束 → be over（结束的状态） stop 停止 → be over 例句：The movie has begun for 10 minutes.（错）→ The movie has been on for 10 minutes（对） 4. 生死类 die 死亡 → be dead（死亡状态） 例句：His dog has died for 3 years.（错）→ His dog has been dead for 3 years.（对） 5. 加入、组织类 join 加入（团体/俱乐部）→ be in / be a member of（成为成员、在团体中） 例句：He has joined the club for 2 years.（错）→ He has been in the club for 2 years.（对） 6. 关闭、打开类 open 打开 → be open（开着的状态） close / shut 关闭 → be closed（关闭的状态） 例句：The shop has opened for 5 hours.（错）→ The shop has been open for 5 hours.（对） 7. 认识、结婚类 get to know 认识 → know（持续认识） marry / get married 结婚 → be married（已婚状态） 例句：They have married for 10 years.（错）→ They have been married for 10 years.（对） 8. 丢失、获得类 lose 丢失 → be lost（丢失状态） find 找到 → have（持有状态） 9. 起床、入睡类 get up 起床 → be up（起床状态） fall asleep 入睡 → be asleep（睡着状态） 10. 离开、毕业类 leave school / graduate 毕业 → be out of school（离校状态） 满分口诀: 离开用away，回来用back；购买变拥有，借用变保管； 开始变on，结束变over；死亡变dead，加入变in； 开关变状态，结婚变已婚；瞬间变状态，时态才通顺。 例句1（错误）：He has left for 3 days. 例句1（正确）：He has been away for 3 days. 他离开三天了。 例句2（错误）：I have borrowed the book for a week. 例句2（正确）：I have kept the book for a week. 这本书我借了一周了。 （六）have/has been to / have/has gone to / have/has been in 辨析 1. have/has been to +地点：去过某地（已返回当前地点），仅强调人生经历，可搭配次数（twice/three times）、never/ever，主语目前不在目的地 例句：I have been to Beijing twice. 我去过北京两次。 2. have/has gone to +地点：去了某地（未返回、人不在现场），主语此刻在目的地或途中，仅用于描述当下不在场的状态，不搭配次数状语 例句：She has gone to the park. 她去公园了（现在不在这里）。 3. have/has been in +地点+时间段：在某地待了多久（持续居住/停留状态），侧重停留时长，必须搭配for/since时间段，可用于任何人称 例句：They have been in Fuzhou for five years. 他们在福州待了五年。 （七）现在完成时 vs 一般过去时（终极辨析） 1. 一般过去时：纯过去时态，只陈述过去发生的动作，与现在无任何关联，句子必须携带具体、明确的过去时间状语（yesterday、last year、in 2019、just now等），动作是否持续、有无结果不关注。 例句：I cleaned the room yesterday. 我昨天打扫了房间。（只说昨天的动作，不管现在） 2. 现在完成时：跨时态，串联过去动作与现在结果，核心落脚点是“现在”，句子绝对不能出现具体过去时间状语，只搭配模糊时间、时间段、次数状语。做题秒杀技巧：有具体过去时间→一般过去时；无具体过去时间、强调现在结果→现在完成时。 例句：I have cleaned the room. 我打扫了房间。（现在房间干净） 第二部分 配套专项练习 大题一：词形填空 用所给单词的适当形式填空，重点考查现在完成时变形、主谓一致、动词转换 1. Great changes ________ (take) place in our hometown in the past ten years. 2. I ________ (learn) English for six years. 3. She ________ (not finish) her environmental homework yet. 4. They ________ (plant) hundreds of trees so far. 5. My father ________ (work) in this factory since 2018. 6. We ________ (never, see) such a clean river before. 7. Tom ________ (just, clean) his bedroom. 8. The city ________ (improve) its environment a lot. 9. Many people ________ (join) the green protection club. 10. I ________ (keep) this environmental book for two weeks. 11. She ________ (be) to the countryside many times. 12. They ________ (not, visit) the new park yet. 13. Our teacher ________ (tell) us many ways to protect the earth. 14. Pollution ________ (become) a less serious problem here. 15. We ________ (recycle) lots of waste paper recently. 16. He ________ (live) in this block since he was a child. 17. The volunteers ________ (donate) many books to the village school. 18. I ________ (never, travel) by high-speed train. 19. She ________ (finish) her task already. 20. They ________ (suffer) less from air pollution these years. 21. The government ________ (build) many new parks in our city. 22. We ________ (know) each other for five years. 23. He ________ (not, return) home yet. 24. Many students ________ (take) part in green activities. 25. Life ________ (change) greatly in the new era. 大题二：单项选择 1. —Have you ______ been to the new green park? —Yes, I have. A. ever B. never C. just 2. My mother ______ in this city since 2010. A. lives B. lived C. has lived 3. Great changes ______ in our school in the past few years. A. take place B. took place C. have taken place 4. —Where is Lucy? —She ______ to the library to read environmental books. A. has gone B. has been C. went 5. I ______ this book for three weeks, and I like it very much. A. bought B. have kept C. have bought 6. They haven’t finished their work ______. A. already B. yet C. just 7. We ______ many trees to protect our environment so far. A. planted B. plant C. have planted 8. He ______ never ______ a foreign country before. A. has; visited B. is; visiting C. was; visiting 9. My father ______ just ______ back from work. A. is; come B. has; come C. has; came 10. She ______ in Fuzhou for ten years, so she knows it well. A. has been B. was C. is 11. —Have you cleaned your classroom ______? —Yes, I’ve ______ cleaned it. A. already; yet B. yet; already C. yet; yet 12. The air ______ much fresher since we planted more trees. A. becomes B. became C. has become 13. They ______ the green club for two years. A. have joined B. joined C. have been in 14. I ______ my hometown last year, but I ______ many changes. A. visited; have seen B. have visited; saw C. visited; saw 15. —How long ______ you ______ this pen? —For half a year. A. do; have B. have; had C. did; buy 大题三：句型改写 1. I have finished my homework.（改为否定句） I ______ ______ my homework. 2. She has lived here for 5 years.（改为一般疑问句） ______ she ______ here for 5 years? 3. They have planted many trees.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ they ______? 4. He has been in China since 2018.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ has he been in China? 5. We have already cleaned the room.（改为否定句） We ______ cleaned the room ______. 6. Tom has gone to Beijing.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ Tom ______? 7. I bought this bike two years ago.（改为现在完成时同义句） I ______ ______ this bike for two years. 8. She joined the club last year.（改为现在完成时同义句） She ______ ______ ______ the club for one year. 9. They came to the city in 2019.（改为现在完成时同义句） They ______ ______ in the city since 2019. 10. He has never been to Shanghai.（改为反义疑问句） He has never been to Shanghai, ______ ______? 大题四：汉译英 1. 到目前为止，我们的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。 _______________________________________________________ 2. 我已经坚持保护环境五年了。 _______________________________________________________ 3. 她从未去过这座新建的绿色公园。 _______________________________________________________ 4. 自从2020年以来，这里的污染已经减少了很多。 _______________________________________________________ 5. 志愿者们已经为乡村捐赠了许多书籍。 _______________________________________________________ 6. 我已经学会了垃圾分类和回收利用。 _______________________________________________________ 7. 他已经离开这个街区三个月了。 _______________________________________________________ 8. 我们已经参加过很多环保活动了。 _______________________________________________________ 9. 这座城市的绿化已经取得了很大的进步。 _______________________________________________________ 10. 我从未见过如此干净的河流和蓝天。 _______________________________________________________ 大题五：短文填空 Our world is becoming better and better. Great changes 1.______ (take) place in our hometown over the past years. People’s life 2.______ (change) a lot. In the past, there was much pollution. Many rivers were dirty and people 3.______ (suffer) from health problems. But now, our government 4.______ (take) many useful measures. Workers 5.______ (clean) the rivers and streets. Lots of new trees 6.______ (plant) around our neighbourhood. So far, most people 7.______ (realize) the importance of protecting the earth. They 8.______ (learn) to sort rubbish and recycle waste things. Many volunteers 9.______ (join) green teams to make our planet cleaner. We believe that if we keep working hard, our world 10.______ (become) much more beautiful in the future. Keys 大题一：词形填空 1. have taken 2. have learned/learnt 3. hasn’t finished 4. have planted 5. has worked 6. have never seen 7. has just cleaned 8. has improved 9. have joined 10. have kept 11. has been 12. haven’t visited 13. has told 14. has become 15. have recycled 16. has lived 17. have donated 18. have never travelled 19. has finished 20. have suffered 21. has built 22. have known 23. hasn’t returned 24. have taken 25. has changed 大题二：单项选择 1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.C 14.A 15.B 大题三：句型改写 1. haven’t finished 2. Has; lived 3. What have; done 4. How long 5. haven’t; yet 6. Where has; gone 7. have had 8. has been in 9. have been 10. has he 大题四：汉译英 1. So far, great changes have taken place in our hometown. 2. I have kept protecting the environment for five years. 3. She has never been to this new green park. 4. Pollution here has reduced a lot since 2020. 5. Volunteers have donated many books to the countryside. 6. I have learned to sort and recycle rubbish. 7. He has been away from this block for three months. 8. We have taken part in many environmental activities. 9. The greening of this city has made great progress. 10. I have never seen such clean rivers and blue skies. 大题五：短文填空 1. have taken 2. has changed 3. suffered 4. has taken 5. have cleaned 6. have been planted 7. have realized 8. have learned 9. have joined 10. will become 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $