Unit1语法(现在完成时)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年仁爱科普版英语九年级上册新课预习

该初中英语导学案聚焦现在完成时语法，系统讲解定义、三大核心用法、句型结构及标志词，结合课本对话逐句拆解，通过对比一般过去时构建知识脉络，为学生提供从语境理解到规则应用的学习支架。 资料以对话语境化讲解、标志词与易混点（如have been to/have gone to）辨析为特色，搭配分层练习（填空、选择、翻译），助力学生提升语言理解与表达能力，通过对比分析培养思维品质，高效巩固语法知识，适配初中英语教学需求。

Unit1 Let's Be Friends!语法讲解与练习 现在完成时详细讲解 一、核心概念：什么是现在完成时？ 定义:现在完成时连接过去动作和现在结果，强调： 1.动作发生在过去，但对现在造成影响/结果； 2.动作从过去持续到现在（常搭配for/since）； 3.过去经历（曾经做过，不强调具体过去时间）。 二、现在完成时三大核心用法（本单元重点学习用法1和用法3) 用法 1：过去动作，对现在有结果影响（无具体过去时间） I have lost my key. 我钥匙丢了。（结果：现在打不开门） She has finished homework. 她写完作业了。（结果：现在可以出去玩） 用法 2：持续动作（for +时间段/since +时间点） I have lived here for 5 years. 我在这住 5 年了。 He has worked here since 2020. 他从 2020 年就在这工作。 注意：短暂动词 (go/buy/leave) 不能和 for/since 连用，要换延续动词 have gone → have been away；buy → have had 用法 3：过去经历（曾经做过某事，常搭配 ever/never） Have you ever visited Shanghai? 你曾经去过上海吗？ He has never eaten sushi. 他从没吃过寿司。 三、句型结构 *肯定句: 主语+ have/has +动词过去分词（done） 1.非三单主语（have） I have finished my homework. 翻译：我已经做完我的作业了。 2.三单主语（has） She has visited Beijing twice. 翻译：她去过北京两次。 *否定句:主语 + have / has + not（haven’t / hasn’t）+ 动词过去分词（done） 1.非三单主语（haven’t） We have not (haven’t) seen this movie. 翻译：我们没看过这部电影。 2.三单主语（hasn’t） He has not (hasn’t) arrived at school. 翻译：他还没有到学校。 *一般疑问句 Have / Has +主语+动词过去分词（done）…? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ have/has. 否定回答：No, 主语+ haven’t/hasn’t. 1.非三单主语（Have） Have you cleaned your room? 简答：Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. 翻译：你打扫你的房间了吗？是的，我打扫了/不，我没有。 2.三单主语（Has） Has it rained today? 简答：Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t. 翻译：今天下雨了吗？是的，下了/不，没有。 四、课文对话逐句拆解（对应课本对话） I haven’t seen you for a couple of days. 我好几天没见到你了。 *haven’t seen：否定式，动作 “没见面” 从几天前持续到现在 *for +时间段：现在完成时标志性时间状语 Where have you been? 你去哪儿了？ *have been to：去过某地（人已经回来，现在在现场） I have just come back from my hometown. 我刚从老家回来。 *just：刚刚，放 have/has 后、实义动词前 *have come back：已经回来（现在人在家） A lot of changes have taken place there. 那里发生了很多变化。 *take place 发生，过去分词 taken；changes 复数用 have It has become more beautiful. 它变得更美了。 *it 单数用 has；become 过去分词还是 become Have you seen Xiao Ya recently? 你最近见过小雅吗？ *recently 最近，常用于现在完成时疑问 / 否定句 She has gone to Guangzhou with her parents. 她和父母去广州了。 *have gone to：去了某地（人还没回来，不在现场） She hasn’t come back yet. 她还没回来。 *yet 还，仅用于否定句、疑问句末尾 重点辨析：have been to vs have gone to 短语 含义 人现在位置 have been to + 地点 去过（曾经） 已经返回，在说话现场 have gone to + 地点 去了（还在途中 / 当地） 不在说话现场 I have been to Beijing. 我去过北京（现在在家） He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了（现在不在这） 五、现在完成时态标志词讲解 1. already 已经（多用于肯定句，have/has 中间） Many people have already moved into their new houses. 很多人已经搬进新家了。 move 过去分词 moved 2. just 刚刚（肯定句，have/has 中间） Our school has just built a new gym. 我们学校刚建了一座新体育馆。 build 过去分词 built 3. yet 还（只用在否定句/疑问句，放句末） They haven’t finished building the road in the park yet. 他们还没修好公园里的路。 4. recently 最近（疑问句、否定句居多） — Has Bill been to his hometown recently? 比尔最近回过老家吗？ — No, he hasn’t. He has gone to London for his summer vacation. 没有，他去伦敦过暑假了。 六、动词过去分词变化规则（必考） 1. 规则变化 1)一般动词直接 + ed：move→moved；finish→finished 2)以 e 结尾只 + d：live→lived；move→moved 3)重读闭音节双写尾字母 + ed：stop→stopped 4)辅音 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i+ed：study→studied 2. 不规则变化见课本后附表,本单元出现的不规则过去分词如下: come → come；see → seen；go → gone；become → become； take → taken；build → built 七、易错点汇总 1.❌ 不能加明确过去时间 (yesterday/last week/in 2020) I have seen him yesterday.（错）→ I saw him yesterday.（一般过去时） 2.already 不用于否定；yet不用于肯定句 3.has been /has gone 不要混淆；问人在不在现场用gone 4.主谓一致：单数主语用 has，复数 /you/I 用 have 5.疑问句开头直接提 Have/Has，不用助动词 do/does/did 【巩固练习】 一、用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.My mother ________ already ________ (clean) the whole house. 2.We ________ just ________ (finish) our group project. 3.Tom ________ not ________ (see) his cousin yet. 4.________ your father ________ (return) from Beijing recently? 5.We ________ ________ (plant)a lot of trees in our village these years. 6.I ________ never ________ (travel) by high-speed train before. 7.She ________ (go) to Shanghai; she won’t be back until next week. 8.They ________ (be) to the museum twice. 9.The little boy ________ just ________ (eat) an ice cream. 10.You ________ ________ (not finish) your homework yet. 11.________ you ________ (hear) from your pen pal recently? 12.Great changes ________ ________ (take) place in my hometown. 13.Mr. Li ________ (teach) English here for ten years. 14.It ________ (become) much warmer in spring these days. 15.My sister ________ already ________ (read) this storybook three times. 16.The workers ________ not ________ (build) the bridge yet. 17.He ________ never ________ (visit) the West Lake. 18.________ it ________ (rain) here just now? 19.I ________ (not meet) Kangkang for a couple of days. 20.Her parents ________ (leave) for Guangzhou; they are not at home now. 21.We ________ just ________ (come) back from our trip. 22.This film ________ (be) on for half an hour. 23.Nobody ________ ________ (know) the truth so far. 24.________ your grandma ________ (live) in this town since 2010? 25.The students ________ already ________ (hand) in their papers. 二、单项选择 ( ) 1. —Where is Li Ming? —He ______ to the library. He will come back soon. A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes ( ) 2. I ______ my homework already, so I can watch TV now. A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. will finish ( ) 3. —Have you read this novel ______? —Yes, I have read it twice. A. already B. just C. yet D. recently ( ) 4. My father ______ to Nanjing three times. He knows the city well. A. goes B. went C. has gone D. has been ( ) 5. They ______ the new gym. They are playing basketball there now. A. have just built B. just build C. just built D. will just build ( ) 6. —______ you ______ your old friend recently? —No, I haven’t. A. Do; see B. Did; see C. Have; seen D. Will; see ( ) 7. She hasn’t come back ______, so we are still waiting for her. A. already B. yet C. just D. ever ( ) 8. Great changes ______ in our hometown over the past five years. A. take place B. took place C. have taken place D. will take place ( ) 9. —Has your brother ever been to London? —No, he ______. He ______ to Paris for his holiday. A. hasn’t; has gone B. hasn’t; has been C. has; has gone D. has; has been ( ) 10. We ______ not ______ the road in the park yet. A. have; finish B. has; finished C. have; finished D. has; finish ( ) 11. I haven’t seen my deskmate ______ a couple of days. A. since B. for C. in D. at ( ) 12. —Where have you been? —I ______ my grandparents’ home just now. A. go to B. went to C. have been to D. have gone to ( ) 13. Many people ______ into their new houses already. A. move B. moves C. have moved D. has moved ( ) 14. He ______ never ______ such beautiful flowers before. A. have; seen B. has; seen C. has; see D. have; see ( ) 15. You can’t meet Xiao Ya. She ______ Guangzhou with her parents. A. has been to B. has gone to C. goes to D. went to 三、中英句子翻译 1.我好几天没见到康康了。 ____________________________________________________________ 2.我刚从我的家乡回来，那里发生了许多变化。 ____________________________________________________________ 3.小雅和她父母去广州了，她还没有回来。 ____________________________________________________________ 4.你最近见过你的老朋友吗？ ____________________________________________________________ 5.我们学校刚刚建了一座新体育馆。 ____________________________________________________________ 6.Many people have already moved into their new houses. ____________________________________________________________ 7.They haven’t finished building the park road yet. ____________________________________________________________ 8.Bill hasn’t been to his hometown recently, because he has gone to London for summer vacation. ____________________________________________________________ 9.The small town has become much more beautiful these years. ____________________________________________________________ 10.I have never taken a trip to a big city before. ____________________________________________________________ Keys 一、动词填空 1.has; cleaned 2.have; finished 3.has; seen 4.Has; returned 5.have planted 6.have; travelled 7.has gone 8.have been 9.has; eaten 10.haven’t finished 11.Have; heard 12.have taken 13.has taught 14.has become 15.has; read 16.have; built 17.have; visited 18.Did; rained 19.haven’t met 20.have left 21.have; come 22.has been 23.has known 24.Has; lived 25.have; handed 二、单项选择 1.B 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.B 三、翻译 1.I haven’t seen Kangkang for a couple of days. 2.I have just come back from my hometown. A lot of changes have taken place there. 3.Xiao Ya has gone to Guangzhou with her parents. She hasn’t come back yet. 4.Have you seen your old friend recently? 5.Our school has just built a new gym. 6.许多人已经搬进了他们的新家。 7.他们还没有完工公园里的道路。 8.比尔最近没有回过老家，因为他去伦敦过暑假了。 9.这座小镇这些年变得漂亮多了。 10.我以前从来没有去大城市旅行过。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $