Unit 1 Back to school 单元单词及语法专讲导学案及练习-2026-2027学年高中英语(译林版)必修第一册

Unit1 Back to school单元单词及语法课后巩固练习 一、核心单词默写 1._____________adj.中学的；级别高的；年长的 n.较年长的人；高年级学生 2._____________n.挑战；难题 vt.向……挑战；质疑 3._____________n.潜力；可能性 adj.潜在的，可能的 4._____________n.信心，信任；把握 5._____________adj.相等的；平等的；相当的 n.同等的人（物） vt.比得上 6._____________n.贡献；捐款；捐赠 7._____________vt.吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起（反应） 8._____________n.进步，进展 vt.&vi.发展，前进 9._____________adj.令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的 10._____________n.努力，费力的事；试图 二、单句语法填空 在每题空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.Every student has the potential________________(realize)their full dreams in senior high school. 2.We should keep a positive attitude________________endless challenges in our life. 3.We are fully responsible________________our own growth and future development. 4.Small daily efforts can make a big________________(differ)to our senior high life. 5.The old photo reminds me________________my precious junior high school days. 6.We need to balance our schoolwork________________after-school activities properly. 7.The club________________(aim)to improve students' writing skills is very popular. 8.We were deeply________________(amaze)by his amazing progress in English. 9.Taking advantage________________every chance helps us grow steadily. 10.He is senior________________me by three years and always guides me patiently. 11.The film________________(base)on a true story attracts thousands of teenagers. 12.We should take full________________(responsible)for our mistakes and choices. 三、短语填空 在每题的空白处选择合适的短语进行填空，每个短语仅限选择一次 make the most of lie in rise to make a difference take advantage of in time last but not least balance…with focus on be senior to 1.The secret of success________________hard work rather than luck. 2.We should________________every chance to practise our oral English. 3.Try your best and________________you will see your progress. 4.The boy________________me by three years and often gives me useful advice. 5.We must________________all the challenges bravely instead of giving up. 6.A small act of kindness can________________to people around us. 7.________________,we should learn to get along well with classmates. 8.You need to________________your study________________after‑school activities. 9.________________your goals and don’t be disturbed by unimportant things. 10.We can________________the school library to widen our horizons. 四、写出下列划线部分所作的句子成分 1.Study without thinking leads to confusion.________________ 2.Thinking without study ends in puzzlement.________________ 3.Wendy feels a bit nervous.________________ 4.Stephen plans to work harder in his study.________________ 5.Senior high school brings a lot of new experiences to everyone.________________ 6.The speech below was given to new students by their principal on the first day of term.________________ 7.It is a good idea to put your goals where you can see them.________________ 8.For those with positive minds,opportunity lies in each challenge.________________ 9.“What is potential?”you may ask.________________ 10.When you achieve a goal,you see the result of your hard work.________________ 五、写出下列句子的句式结构 1.People spoke so fast.________________ 2.She could understand.________________ 3.I want to make a good first impression.________________ 4.I didn’t feel awkward or frightened at all.________________ 5.There lives an old man in the ancient castle.________________ 6.We had our chemistry class in the science lab.________________ 7.The teacher let the students do cool experiments.________________ 8.The teacher showed us how to do the experiment.________________ 六、阅读理解 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A When I stepped into senior high campus last autumn,I quickly realized that senior high study was far more demanding than what I had experienced in junior high.More subjects,heavier homework and higher academic expectations from teachers and parents made me feel completely at a loss during my first month of school.I kept comparing myself with top classmates around me and felt discouraged whenever my test scores failed to reach the high expectations I had set for myself.I once doubted whether I had the potential to make steady progress,until my form teacher shared her own growth story with me after class one afternoon. She told me that personal growth is never a race against other people.The true power of growth lies in our daily small efforts rather than natural talent.She suggested that I set practical aims based on my own strengths and weaknesses,keep a positive attitude towards difficulties and make the most of all kinds of school resources available on campus.Following her advice,I stopped blindly chasing high scores.I joined a school reading club,which aims to attract students from different classes to exchange ideas and share reading experience.I also learned to balance my heavy schoolwork with rich after‑school activities.Whenever I met difficulties in my studies,I chose to rise to these challenges bravely instead of escaping from them. I kept this learning habit for months.Those small efforts,which seemed meaningless at first sight,slowly made a big difference to my whole growth.I no longer felt anxious whenever receiving my exam results.I began to focus on my own progress rather than ranking.I firmly believe that as long as we stick to our learning plans and keep moving forward,we will in time become well‑rounded individuals. 1.What troubled the author most in the first month of senior high? A.He failed to join his favourite school club. B.He could not get used to the heavy study pressure. C.His teacher was too strict with his homework. D.He lost interest in all school subjects. 2.What advice did the form teacher give to the author? A.To compete with top students every day. B.To set suitable goals and use school resources fully. C.To spend all spare time doing exercises. D.To give up when facing hard challenges. 3.What can we infer from the text? A.Natural talent decides students’ final success. B.Quick high scores are easy to gain in senior high. C.Continuous small efforts contribute to personal growth. D.After‑school activities waste students’ study time. 4.What is the main idea of the text? A.How the author adapted to senior high life. B.Ways to get high marks in examinations. C.Reasons for joining school clubs. D.Suggestions on choosing learning aims. B Many freshmen hold deep misunderstandings about senior high study.They firmly believe that excellent students are born clever,and it is impossible for ordinary students to catch up with those top learners.However,many years of teaching experience tells us that good learning habits and proper self‑management matter much more than natural talent for long-term academic growth. To make a good start in senior high,there are several practical suggestions.First of all,set realistic goals.Your goals should be equal to your real ability.Never copy others’ goals blindly.Unrealistic targets will destroy your confidence and bring endless disappointment.Second,take responsibility for your own study.Do not wait for teachers or parents to push you forward all the time.Focus on your own improvement instead of caring too much about others’ rankings. Besides,making contributions to group activities is also helpful for your development.Teamwork often reminds us that we can learn from classmates and offer support to each other.When facing challenges,do not regard them as frightening barriers.Challenges lie in every stage of growth.They offer valuable chances for us to improve ourselves and build up our character.Last but not least,learn to take advantage of different learning resources.The school library,teachers’ patient advice and group discussions can all help us acquire new knowledge and broaden our horizons. Senior high is a long journey of self-improvement.No one can achieve great progress overnight.If we keep a positive attitude and keep trying step by step,we will finally become better versions of ourselves. 5.What is many freshmen’s misunderstanding of senior high study? A.Good students are born with higher intelligence. B.Good habits are more important than talent. C.Ordinary students can also make great progress. D.Challenges are chances for self-improvement. 6.What should freshmen do when setting goals? A.Set goals as high as top students’. B.Set goals matching their own ability. C.Change their goals every single day. D.Never set any long‑term goals. 7.What benefit can we get from taking part in group activities? A.We can avoid all difficulties in study. B.We can get high marks without efforts. C.We can learn from teammates and help each other. D.We can escape from heavy homework. 8.What is the purpose of the text? A.To introduce different kinds of after-school activities. B.To explain the importance of team competition. C.To offer practical suggestions for senior high freshmen. D.To show how to deal with low test scores. 七、短文语法填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Senior high school is a new journey full of 1 (challenge).Every student has potential 2 (realize)their dreams as long as they keep trying.We should set goals 3 (base)on our own strengths. 4 (equal)important is a positive attitude towards trouble. The school provides many resources for us.We can take advantage 5 after‑school clubs to develop our character.The club 6 (aim)to improve students’ thinking skills is very popular.We should balance our schoolwork 7 after‑school activities.Small efforts can make 8 big difference to our growth.We must take full 9 (responsible)for our choices.Last but not least,we should rise bravely to all challenges 10 come our way. 英语练习题第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 参考答案 一、核心单词 1.potential 📝即时小练习 ①答案：to become 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他有潜力成为我们年级的尖子生。固定搭配have the potential to do sth.（有做某事的潜力），此处用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰potential。故填to become。 ②答案：his 解析：考查代词。句意：每个人都应该努力发挥他的全部潜能。potential是名词，前面需要用形容词性物主代词来修饰，表示“他的潜能”。故填his。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：Only by facing challenges can we tap into our full potential. 2.senior 📝即时小练习 ①答案：to 解析：考查介词。句意：汤姆比我大两岁。固定搭配be senior to sb.（比某人年长/级别高）。故填to。 ②答案：seniors 解析：考查名词。句意：许多老年人积极参加志愿者活动。此处senior作名词，意为“较年长的人”，many修饰可数名词复数。故填seniors。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：As a senior high school student,I am determined to make the most of every opportunity to prove my ability. 3.challenge 📝即时小练习 ①答案：challenges 解析：考查名词。句意：生活充满了挑战和宝贵的机会。challenge是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且前面没有冠词，应用复数形式。故填challenges。 ②答案：to face 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我们应该有足够的勇气去面对各种挑战。固定句型be+adj.+enough to do sth.（足够……去做某事）。故填to face。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：Faced with the sudden challenge,she didn’t shrink back but chose to rise to it. 4.opportunity 📝即时小练习 ①答案：to learn 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这是一个学习新实用技能的好机会。固定搭配have the opportunity to do sth.（有机会做某事），此处用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to learn。 ②答案：us 解析：考查代词。句意：这对我们来说是一个与著名专家交流的难得机会。for是介词，后面接人称代词的宾格形式。故填us。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：He seized the rare opportunity to show his talent to the judges. 5.acquire 📝即时小练习 ①答案：to acquire 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：养成良好的学习习惯需要时间。固定句型It takes time to do sth.（做某事需要花费时间），it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。故填to acquire。 ②答案：reading 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他已经养成了每天早上读英语文章的好习惯。of是介词，后面接动名词作宾语。故填reading。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：Through day-to-day practice,he gradually acquired a good learning habit. 解析：考查介词短语和动词。Through...作方式状语；acquire a good habit意为“养成好习惯”。 6.effort 📝即时小练习 ①答案：to pass 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他尽一切努力通过了期末英语考试。固定搭配make an effort to do sth.（努力做某事）。故填to pass。 ②答案：efforts 解析：考查名词。句意：为保护当地环境已经做出了巨大努力。effort是可数名词，谓语动词have是复数形式，主语也应用复数。故填efforts。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：He spared no effort to help his injured classmate back to the classroom. 7.advance 📝即时小练习 ①答案：in 解析：考查介词。句意：请提前预订火车票。固定搭配in advance（提前）。故填in。 ②答案：advances 解析：考查名词。句意：最近高科技领域取得了巨大进步。advance作“进步”讲时是可数名词，谓语动词have是复数形式，主语也应用复数。故填advances。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：He booked the ticket in advance so that he wouldn’t miss the reunion with his family. 8.amazing 📝即时小练习 ①答案：amazed 解析：考查形容词。句意：我们对他惊人的进步感到惊讶。固定搭配be amazed at（对……感到惊讶），amazed修饰人。故填amazed。 ②答案：amazing 解析：考查形容词。句意：他在这么短的时间内完成了这项艰巨的任务，真是令人惊奇。此处修饰后面的名词task，应用-ing结尾的形容词，表示“令人惊奇的”。故填amazing。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：It was amazing that he eventually finished the seemingly impossible task. 9.confidence 📝即时小练习 ①答案：in 解析：考查介词。句意：我对我自己的能力很有信心。固定搭配have confidence in sb/sth（对……有信心）。故填in。 ②答案：confidence 解析：考查名词。句意：她对自己在比赛中的表现充满信心。full of后面接名词，confident的名词形式是confidence。故填confidence。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：It was the teacher’s encouragement that helped me be confident of getting on the stage. 10.resource 📝即时小练习 ①答案：resources 解析：考查名词。句意：我们应该保护我们的自然资源。resource是可数名词，自然资源不止一种，应用复数形式。故填resources。 ②答案：resources 解析：考查名词。句意：我们必须充分利用我们有限的资源。resource是可数名词，此处指多种有限的资源，应用复数形式。故填resources。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：He made full use of the limited conditions around him to inch closer to his dream step by step. 11.facility 📝即时小练习 ①答案：facilities 解析：考查名词。句意：学校新建了许多体育设施。facility是可数名词，many修饰可数名词复数。故填facilities。 ②答案：facilities 解析：考查名词。句意：公共设施向所有市民开放。facility是可数名词，谓语动词are是复数形式，主语也应用复数。故填facilities。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：The newly-built sports facilities have greatly enriched students’ after-class life. 12.equal 📝即时小练习 ①答案：Of 解析：考查介词。句意：良好的团队合作在团队成员中同样重要。固定搭配Of equal importance（同等重要），位于句首首字母大写。故填Of。 ②答案：before 解析：考查介词。句意：法律面前人人平等。固定搭配be equal before the law（法律面前人人平等）。故填before。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：Everyone has an equal opportunity to pursue their own dreams. 13.attitude 📝即时小练习 ①答案：to/towards 解析：考查介词。句意：你对这个难题的态度是什么？固定搭配attitude to/towards sb/sth（对……的态度）。故填to/towards。 ②答案：attitudes 解析：考查名词。句意：不同的人对困难持有不同的态度。attitude是可数名词，different修饰可数名词复数。故填attitudes。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：It was that experience that completely changed his attitude towards difficulties. 14.goal 📝即时小练习 ①答案：goal 解析：考查名词。句意：他努力工作以实现他的目标。根据句意，此处指实现“他的”目标，用单数形式。故填goal。 ②答案：to set 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为自己设定切合实际的目标是明智的。固定句型It is+adj.+to do sth.（做某事是……的），it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。故填to set。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：She set a clear goal for herself and worked towards it step by step. 15.balance 📝即时小练习 ①答案：balanced 解析：考查形容词。句意：保持均衡的生活方式很重要。lifestyle是名词，前面需要用形容词修饰，balanced意为“均衡的”。故填balanced。 ②答案：with 解析：考查介词。句意：我们应该平衡学习和适当的放松。固定搭配balance A with B（平衡A与B）。故填with。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：She tried to keep a balance between her heavy schoolwork and her hobbies. 16.individual 📝即时小练习 ①答案：has 解析：考查主谓一致。句意：每个人都有自己的优点和缺点。Every individual作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has。 ②答案：differences 解析：考查名词。句意：我们应该尊重学生之间的个体差异。difference是可数名词，学生间的个体差异不止一个，应用复数形式。故填differences。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：The purpose of education is to enable every individual to become a better version of themselves. 17.character 📝即时小练习 ①答案：our 解析：考查代词。句意：培养我们良好的品格很重要。character是名词，前面需要用形容词性物主代词来修饰。故填our。 ②答案：developing 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：好习惯在培养一个人的品格中起着重要作用。in是介词，后面接动名词作宾语。故填developing。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：It was that period of hardship that tempered his strong character. 18.responsible 📝即时小练习 ①答案：for 解析：考查介词。句意：每个人都应对自己的行为负责。固定搭配be responsible for（对……负责）。故填for。 ②答案：responsibility 解析：考查名词。句意：保持教室干净整洁是我们的责任。our后面接名词，responsible的名词形式是responsibility。故填responsibility。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：After realizing his mistake,he decided to take responsibility for all the consequences. 19.focus 📝即时小练习 ①答案：on 解析：考查介词。句意：上课时你应该专注于你的课程。固定搭配focus on sth（专注于某事）。故填on。 ②答案：Focusing 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：专注于目标会给你带来进步。此处是动名词短语作主语，表示一件具体的事情。故填Focusing。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：He listened with full attention,for fear of missing a single word the teacher said. 20.detail 📝即时小练习 ①答案：in 解析：考查介词。句意：你能详细描述一下那场事故吗？固定搭配in detail（详细地）。故填in。 ②答案：in 解析：考查介词。句意：证人详尽地陈述了事件经过。固定搭配in full detail（详尽地）。故填in。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：He checked every detail over and over again before sending it out. 21.base 📝即时小练习 ①答案：on/upon 解析：考查介词。句意：我们的判断应该建立在坚实的事实基础上。固定搭配be based on/upon（以……为基础）。故填on/upon。 ②答案：based 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这部根据真实事件改编的电影在青少年中很受欢迎。固定搭配be based on（以……为基础），此处用过去分词作后置定语，修饰The film。故填based。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：He based the decision on a calm analysis rather than a momentary impulse. 22.remind 📝即时小练习 ①答案：to hand 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：请提醒我明天早上交作业。固定搭配remind sb to do sth（提醒某人做某事）。故填to hand。 ②答案：reminder 解析：考查名词。句意：这张旧照片是我们青少年时代的纪念。a后面接名词，remind的名词形式是reminder。故填reminder。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：The yellowed old photo reminded her of those carefree days. 23.proposal 📝即时小练习 ①答案：to hold 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他提出了举办校运动会的建议。固定搭配a proposal to do sth（做某事的提议），动词不定式作后置定语。故填to hold。 ②答案：proposals 解析：考查名词。句意：会上提出了几项切实可行的建议。proposal是可数名词，Several修饰可数名词复数。故填proposals。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：She stood up abruptly and boldly put forward her own proposal. 24.aim 📝即时小练习 ①答案：at 解析：考查介词。句意：这门课程旨在提高学生的写作能力。固定搭配be aimed at(doing)sth（旨在（做）某事）。故填at。 ②答案：to offer 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这个项目旨在为新人提供帮助。固定搭配aim to do sth（旨在做某事）。故填to offer。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：All his efforts were aimed at one single goal—finishing the whole race. 25.contribution 📝即时小练习 ①答案：protecting 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他为保护环境做出了巨大贡献。固定搭配make contributions to(doing)sth（为（做）某事做出贡献），此处的to是介词，后面接动名词。故填protecting。 ②答案：contributions 解析：考查名词。句意：许多普通人做出了宝贵的贡献。contribution是可数名词，many修饰可数名词复数。故填contributions。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：Though ordinary,he has been quietly contributing his strength to the community for years. 26.attract 📝即时小练习 ①答案：attractive 解析：考查形容词。句意：这座古城对年轻游客很有吸引力。is后面接形容词作表语，attract的形容词形式是attractive。故填attractive。 ②答案：attracted 解析：考查动词时态。句意：上周这个活动吸引了数百名学生。根据时间状语last week，句子应用一般过去时。故填attracted。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：The children were so attracted by the wonderful performance on the stage that they were reluctant to leave. 二、核心短语 1.make the most of 📝即时小练习 ①答案：the 解析：考查冠词。句意：我们应该充分利用每一个机会练习口语。固定搭配make the most of（充分利用）。故填the。 ②答案：our 解析：考查代词。句意：充分利用我们的业余时间有助于我们取得进步。spare-time是名词，前面需要用形容词性物主代词来修饰。故填our。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：Stranded on the island,he made the most of the limited resources to survive tenaciously. 2.take advantage of 📝即时小练习 ①答案：of 解析：考查介词。句意：我们应该利用每一个好机会学习新知识。固定搭配take advantage of（利用）。故填of。 ②答案：learning 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：利用机会学习新技能对我们大有裨益。此处是动名词短语Taking advantage of learning new skills作主语，take advantage of后面接动名词learning作宾语。故填learning。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：He took advantage of the confusion and quietly slipped out through the back door. 3.lie in 📝即时小练习 ①答案：in 解析：考查介词。句意：他的巨大成功在于持续不断的努力。固定搭配lie in（在于）。故填in。 ②答案：lies 解析：考查主谓一致。句意：关键在于坚持你的目标。The key是单数名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填lies。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：His success lies in years of quiet and unglamorous hard work. 4.rise to 📝即时小练习 ①答案：to 解析：考查介词。句意：我们应该勇敢地迎接挑战。固定搭配rise to the challenge（迎接挑战）。故填to。 ②答案：to rise 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我们准备好迎接前方的各种挑战。固定搭配be ready to do sth（准备好做某事）。故填to rise。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：She rose to the challenge and finished the hard task 5.make a difference 📝即时小练习 ①答案：to 解析：考查介词。句意：你的善良会对你周围的人产生影响。固定搭配make a difference to sb/sth（对……产生影响）。故填to。 ②答案：difference 解析：考查名词。句意：小小的举动已经对我们的学校环境产生了影响。make a difference为固定搭配，意为有影响，起作用。故填difference。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：He dreams of becoming a doctor to make a difference to more people's lives. 6.last but not least 📝即时小练习 ①答案：but 解析：考查连词。句意：最后但同样重要的是，我们应该关心我们的父母。固定搭配last but not least（最后但同样重要的是）。故填but。 ②答案：developing 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：最后但同样重要的是，养成好习惯很重要。此处是动名词短语作主语，表示一件具体的事情。故填developing。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：Last but not least,never give up when we meet with difficulties in our daily life. 7.in time 📝即时小练习 ①答案：in 解析：考查介词。句意：坚持练习，你迟早会取得进步的。固定搭配in time（迟早，最终）。故填in。 ②答案：in 解析：考查介词。句意：如果你永不放弃，你的努力迟早会有回报的。固定搭配in time（迟早，最终）。故填in。 ✨仿写练习： 答案：Luckily,the ambulance arrived in time and saved the little girl. 一、七大句子成分 📝即时小练习 1.答案：状语 解析：句意：我们在校园里和外国交换生交流想法。划线部分on campus是介词短语，在句中作地点状语。故填状语。 2.答案：主语 解析：句意：他对这所高中的第一印象很棒。划线部分His first impression of the senior high school是名词短语，在句中作主语。故填主语。 3.答案：宾语 解析：句意：老师的话给所有新生留下了深刻印象。划线部分all the new students是名词短语，作谓语动词impressed的宾语。故填宾语。 4.答案：表语 解析：句意：韩静在上高中的第一天感到焦虑。划线部分anxious作系动词feel的表语。故填表语。 5.答案：宾语 解析：句意：学校明天将举办一场关于注册的讲座。划线部分a lecture about registration是名词短语，作谓语动词hold的宾语。故填宾语。 6.答案：定语 解析：句意：我们发现了一个美丽而充满活力的校园。划线部分beautiful and lively是形容词，作定语修饰名词campus。故填定语。 7.答案：主语补足语 解析：句意：新班长被所有同学认为是负责任且乐于助人的。划线部分to be responsible and helpful是动词不定式短语，补充说明主语The new monitor，是主语补足语。故填主语补足语。 8.答案：状语 解析：句意：迷路后，她终于来到了校园。划线部分at last是介词短语，在句中作时间状语。故填状语。 9.答案：表语 解析：句意：我的梦想是为我们的学校设计一栋新楼。划线部分to design a new building for our school是动词不定式短语，跟在系动词is后面作表语。故填表语。 10.答案：宾语补足语 解析：句意：来自实验室的噪音让他很烦。划线部分annoyed是形容词，补充说明宾语him的状态，是宾语补足语。故填宾语补足语。 二、句子结构 📝即时小练习 1.答案：主系表结构(SVP) 解析：句意：它们似乎更容易实现。They是主语，will seem是系动词，easier是形容词作表语，to reach是状语。故填主系表结构(SVP)。 2.答案：主谓双宾结构(SVOO) 解析：句意：这会给你实现目标的动力。This是主语，will give是谓语，you是间接宾语，the encouragement是直接宾语。故填主谓双宾结构(SVOO)。 3.答案：主谓宾结构(SVOA) 解析：句意：你可以把清单放在你的床头柜上。You是主语，can place是谓语，the list是宾语，on your bedside table是地点状语。故填主谓宾结构(SVOA) 4.答案：主谓宾补结构(SVOC) 解析：句意：你可能会发现实现目标很困难。You是主语，may find是谓语，achieving goals是宾语，difficult是宾语补足语。故填主谓宾补结构(SVOC)。 5.答案：主谓宾结构(SVO) 解析：句意：他正在学习中文。He是主语，is learning是谓语，Chinese是宾语。故填主谓宾结构(SVO)。 6.答案：主谓宾补结构(SVOC) 解析：句意：他的班主任让他擦窗户。His headteacher是主语，asked是谓语，him是宾语，to clean the windows是宾语补足语。故填主谓宾补结构(SVOC)。 7.答案：主谓双宾结构(SVOO) 解析：句意：她的妈妈经常给她做好吃的。Her mother是主语，cooks是谓语，her是间接宾语，nice food是直接宾语。故填主谓双宾结构(SVOO)。 8.答案：主谓双宾结构(SVOO) 解析：考查句子结构。句意：中国在一些优势体育项目中的出色表现也告诉粉丝们，这个国家的统治地位是稳固的。The great performances...是主语(S)，have told是谓语(V)，fans是间接宾语(IO)，that the country’s dominance is safe是宾语从句作直接宾语(DO)。故填主谓双宾结构(SVOO)。 9.答案：主系表结构(SVP) 解析：考查句子结构。句意：自1996年奥运会首次亮相以来，中国、澳大利亚和美国是唯一在奥运会上赢得该项目的国家。China,Australia and the United States是主语(S)，are是系动词(V)，the only nations...是名词短语作表语(P)。故填主系表结构SVP。 10.答案：主谓状结构(SVA) 解析：考查句子结构。句意：真正的挑战就在他们在奥运会上首次崭露头角之后到来。The real challenge是主语(S)，comes是不及物动词作谓语(V)，right after their breakout debut performances at the Olympics是时间状语(A)。故填主谓状结构SVA。 11.答案：主谓状结构(SVA) 解析：考查句子结构。句意：孩子们正在公园里玩耍。The children是主语(S)，are playing是不及物动词短语作谓语(V)，in the park是地点状语(A)。故填主谓状结构SVA。 12.答案：There be存现句 解析：考查句子结构。句意：我们学校有各种各样的课外俱乐部。这是一个典型的There be句型，表示“某地存在某物”。There是引导词，are是谓语，all kinds of after-school clubs是真正的主语，in our school是地点状语。故填There be存现句。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 课后巩固练习 一、核心单词默写 1._____________adj.中学的；级别高的；年长的 n.较年长的人；高年级学生 2._____________n.挑战；难题 vt.向……挑战；质疑 3._____________n.潜力；可能性 adj.潜在的，可能的 4._____________n.信心，信任；把握 5._____________adj.相等的；平等的；相当的 n.同等的人（物） vt.比得上 6._____________n.贡献；捐款；捐赠 7._____________vt.吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起（反应） 8._____________n.进步，进展 vt.&vi.发展，前进 9._____________adj.令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的 10._____________n.努力，费力的事；试图 答案：1.senior 2.challenge 3.potential 4.confidence 5.equal 6.contribution 7.attract 8.advance 9.amazing 10.effort 二、单句语法填空 在每题空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.Every student has the potential________________(realize)their full dreams in senior high school. 答案：to realize 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：每个学生在高中都有实现自己全部梦想的潜力。have the potential to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“有做某事的潜力”，此处用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰potential。故填to realize。 2.We should keep a positive attitude________________endless challenges in our life. 答案：to/towards 解析：考查介词。句意：我们应该对生活中无尽的挑战保持积极的态度。attitude to/towards...是固定搭配，意为“对……的态度”。故填to/towards。 3.We are fully responsible________________our own growth and future development. 答案：for 解析：考查介词。句意：我们对自己的成长和未来发展负有全部责任。be responsible for是固定搭配，意为“对……负责”。故填for。 4.Small daily efforts can make a big________________(differ)to our senior high life. 答案：difference 解析：考查名词。句意：日常小小的努力能对我们的高中生活产生巨大的影响。make a big difference是固定搭配，意为“产生巨大影响”，a后面接名词。故填difference。 5.The old photo reminds me________________my precious junior high school days. 答案：of 解析：考查介词。句意：这张旧照片让我想起了我珍贵的初中时光。remind sb.of sth.是固定搭配，意为“使某人想起某事”。故填of。 6.We need to balance our schoolwork________________after-school activities properly. 答案：with 解析：考查介词。句意：我们需要恰当地平衡学业和课外活动。balance...with...是固定搭配，意为“平衡…与…”。故填with。 7.The club________________(aim)to improve students' writing skills is very popular. 答案：aiming 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：旨在提高学生写作技巧的俱乐部很受欢迎。aim与The club之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填aiming。 8.We were deeply________________(amaze)by his amazing progress in English. 答案：amazed 解析：考查形容词。句意：我们对他在英语上取得的惊人进步感到非常惊讶。be amazed by是固定搭配，意为“对……感到惊讶”，amazed修饰人。故填amazed。 9.Taking advantage________________every chance helps us grow steadily. 答案：of 解析：考查介词。句意：抓住每一个机会有助于我们稳步成长。take advantage of是固定搭配，意为“利用”。故填of。 10.He is senior________________me by three years and always guides me patiently. 答案：to 解析：考查介词。句意：他比我大三岁，总是耐心地指导我。be senior to是固定搭配，意为“比…年长/资深”。故填to。 11.The film________________(base)on a true story attracts thousands of teenagers. 答案：based 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这部根据真实故事改编的电影吸引了成千上万的青少年。be based on是固定搭配，意为“以……为基础”，此处用过去分词作后置定语。故填based。 12.We should take full________________(responsible)for our mistakes and choices. 答案：responsibility 解析：考查名词。句意：我们应该为自己的错误和选择负全责。take responsibility for是固定搭配，意为“为……负责”，full是形容词，修饰名词。故填responsibility。 三、短语填空 在每题的空白处选择合适的短语进行填空，每个短语仅限选择一次 make the most of lie in rise to make a difference take advantage of in time last but not least balance…with focus on be senior to 1.The secret of success________________hard work rather than luck. 答案：lies in 解析：考查动词短语。句意：成功的秘诀在于努力而不是运气。lie in意为“在于”，主语The secret是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选lies in。 2.We should________________every chance to practise our oral English. 答案：take advantage of 解析：考查动词短语。句意：我们应该利用每一个机会练习口语。take advantage of意为“利用”，should后接动词原形。故选take advantage of。 3.Try your best and________________you will see your progress. 答案：in time 解析：考查介词短语。句意：尽你最大的努力，你迟早会看到自己的进步。in time意为“迟早，最终”。故选in time。 4.The boy________________me by three years and often gives me useful advice. 答案：is senior to 解析：考查动词短语。句意：那个男孩比我大三岁，经常给我有用的建议。be senior to意为“比……年长”，主语The boy是单数，be动词用is。故选is senior to。 5.We must________________all the challenges bravely instead of giving up. 答案：rise to 解析：考查动词短语。句意：我们必须勇敢地迎接所有挑战，而不是放弃。rise to意为“迎接（挑战）”，must后接动词原形。故选rise to。 6.A small act of kindness can________________to people around us. 答案：make a difference 解析：考查动词短语。句意：一个小小的善举就能对我们周围的人产生影响。make a difference意为“有影响，起作用”，can后接动词原形。故选make a difference。 7.________________,we should learn to get along well with classmates. 答案：Last but not least 解析：考查固定搭配。句意：最后但同样重要的是，我们应该学会与同学和睦相处。Last but not least意为“最后但同样重要的是”，常用于列举的最后一点。故选Last but not least。 8.You need to________________your study________________after‑school activities. 答案：balance;with 解析：考查动词短语。句意：你需要平衡你的学习和课外活动。balance...with...意为“平衡……与……”，need to后接动词原形。故选balance…with… 9.________________your goals and don’t be disturbed by unimportant things. 答案：Focus on 解析：考查动词短语。句意：专注于你的目标，不要被不重要的事情打扰。focus on意为“专注于”，这是一个祈使句，用动词原形开头。故选Focus on。 10.We can________________the school library to widen our horizons. 答案：make the most of 解析：考查动词短语。句意：我们可以充分利用学校图书馆来开阔视野。make the most of意为“充分利用”，can后接动词原形。故选make the most of。 四、写出下列划线部分所作的句子成分 1.Study without thinking leads to confusion.________________ 答案：宾语 解析：考查句子成分。句意：只学习而不思考就会迷惑不解。划线部分confusion是名词，作介词to的宾语（leads to中的to为介词）。故填宾语。 2.Thinking without study ends in puzzlement.________________ 答案：谓语 解析：考查句子成分。句意：只思考而不学习就会疑惑不解。划线部分ends是动词，在句中作谓语。故填谓语。 3.Wendy feels a bit nervous.________________ 答案：表语 解析：考查句子成分。句意：Wendy感到有点紧张。划线部分a bit nervous是形容词短语，跟在系动词feels后面作表语。故填表语。 4.Stephen plans to work harder in his study.________________ 答案：宾语 解析：考查句子成分。句意：Stephen计划在学习上更加努力。划线部分to work harder in her study是动词不定式短语，作谓语动词plans的宾语。故填宾语。 5.Senior high school brings a lot of new experiences to everyone.________________ 答案：主语 解析：考查句子成分。句意：高中给每个人带来了许多新的经历。划线部分Senior high school是名词短语，在句中作主语。故填主语。 6.The speech below was given to new students by their principal on the first day of term.________________ 答案：定语 解析：考查句子成分。句意：下面的演讲是校长在开学第一天对新同学做的。划线部分below是副词，作后置定语修饰名词The speech。故填定语。 7.It is a good idea to put your goals where you can see them.________________ 答案：主语 解析：考查句子成分。句意：把你的目标放在你能看到的地方是个好主意。句中It是形式主语，划线部分to put your goals where you can see them是动词不定式短语，是真正的主语。故填主语。 8.For those with positive minds,opportunity lies in each challenge.________________ 答案：定语 解析：考查句子成分。句意：对于那些拥有积极心态的人来说，机会蕴藏在每一次挑战之中。划线部分with positive minds是介词短语，作后置定语修饰those。故填定语。 9.“What is potential?”you may ask.________________ 答案：宾语 解析：考查句子成分。句意：你可能会问"潜力是什么？"。划线部分What is potential是直接引语（一个疑问句），整体作谓语动词ask的宾语。故填宾语。 10.When you achieve a goal,you see the result of your hard work.________________ 答案：定语 解析：考查句子成分。句意：当你实现一个目标时，你就能看到自己努力的结果。划线部分of your hard work是介词短语，作后置定语修饰名词the result。故填定语。 五、写出下列句子的句式结构 1.People spoke so fast.________________ 答案：主谓结构(SV) 解析：考查句子结构。句意：人们说得很快。People是主语(S)，spoke是不及物动词作谓语(V)，so fast是状语，不影响核心句型。故填主谓结构(SV)。 2.She could understand.________________ 答案：主谓结构(SV) 解析：考查句子结构。句意：她能够理解。She是主语(S)，could understand是谓语(V)，其后没有宾语。故填主谓结构(SV)。 3.I want to make a good first impression.________________ 答案：主谓宾结构(SVO) 解析：考查句子结构。句意：我想留下一个好的第一印象。I是主语(S)，want是谓语(V)，to make a good first impression是动词不定式短语作宾语(O)。故填主谓宾结构(SVO)。 4.I didn’t feel awkward or frightened at all.________________ 答案：主系表结构(SVP) 解析：考查句子结构。句意：我一点也不感到尴尬或害怕。I是主语(S)，didn't feel是系动词(V)，awkward or frightened是形容词作表语(P)。故填主系表结构(SVP)。 5.There lives an old man in the ancient castle.________________ 答案：There be存现句 解析：考查句子结构。句意：古堡里住着一位老人。这是典型的存现句（完全倒装），There是引导词，lives是谓语(V)，an old man是真正的主语(S)，in the ancient castle是地点状语(A)。故填There be存现句。 6.We had our chemistry class in the science lab.________________ 答案：主谓宾结构(SVO) 解析：考查句子结构。句意：我们在科学实验室上了化学课。We是主语(S)，had是谓语(V)，our chemistry class是宾语(O)，in the science lab是地点状语。故填主谓宾结构(SVO)。 7.The teacher let the students do cool experiments.________________ 答案：主谓宾宾补结构(SVOC) 解析：考查句子结构。句意：老师让学生们做有趣的实验。The teacher是主语(S)，let是谓语(V)，the students是宾语(O)，do cool experiments是省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语(C)。故填主谓宾宾补结构(SVOC)。 8.The teacher showed us how to do the experiment.________________ 答案：主谓双宾结构(SVOO) 解析：考查句子结构。句意：老师向我们展示了如何做实验。The teacher是主语(S)，showed是谓语(V)，us是间接宾语(IO)，how to do the experiment是直接宾语(DO)。故填主谓双宾结构(SVOO)。 六、阅读理解 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A When I stepped into senior high campus last autumn,I quickly realized that senior high study was far more demanding than what I had experienced in junior high.More subjects,heavier homework and higher academic expectations from teachers and parents made me feel completely at a loss during my first month of school.I kept comparing myself with top classmates around me and felt discouraged whenever my test scores failed to reach the high expectations I had set for myself.I once doubted whether I had the potential to make steady progress,until my form teacher shared her own growth story with me after class one afternoon. She told me that personal growth is never a race against other people.The true power of growth lies in our daily small efforts rather than natural talent.She suggested that I set practical aims based on my own strengths and weaknesses,keep a positive attitude towards difficulties and make the most of all kinds of school resources available on campus.Following her advice,I stopped blindly chasing high scores.I joined a school reading club,which aims to attract students from different classes to exchange ideas and share reading experience.I also learned to balance my heavy schoolwork with rich after‑school activities.Whenever I met difficulties in my studies,I chose to rise to these challenges bravely instead of escaping from them. I kept this learning habit for months.Those small efforts,which seemed meaningless at first sight,slowly made a big difference to my whole growth.I no longer felt anxious whenever receiving my exam results.I began to focus on my own progress rather than ranking.I firmly believe that as long as we stick to our learning plans and keep moving forward,we will in time become well‑rounded individuals. 1.What troubled the author most in the first month of senior high? A.He failed to join his favourite school club. B.He could not get used to the heavy study pressure. C.His teacher was too strict with his homework. D.He lost interest in all school subjects. 2.What advice did the form teacher give to the author? A.To compete with top students every day. B.To set suitable goals and use school resources fully. C.To spend all spare time doing exercises. D.To give up when facing hard challenges. 3.What can we infer from the text? A.Natural talent decides students’ final success. B.Quick high scores are easy to gain in senior high. C.Continuous small efforts contribute to personal growth. D.After‑school activities waste students’ study time. 4.What is the main idea of the text? A.How the author adapted to senior high life. B.Ways to get high marks in examinations. C.Reasons for joining school clubs. D.Suggestions on choosing learning aims. 答案：1.B 2.B 3.C 4.A 语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己刚进入高中时，因学业压力增大、成绩不理想而感到迷茫和沮丧。在班主任的开导下，作者改变了学习策略，不再盲目追求高分，而是设定切合实际的目标，充分利用学校资源，并平衡好学习与课外活动。通过持续的努力，作者最终适应了高中生活，并取得了个人成长。 高考高频词汇： demanding adj.要求高的，费力的 discourage v.使泄气，使灰心 potential n.潜力，潜能 practical adj.实际的，实用的 well-rounded adj.全面发展的 长难句分析： 原句1：More subjects,heavier homework and higher academic expectations from teachers and parents made me feel completely at a loss during my first month of school. 分析：这是一个简单句。主语是由三个并列的名词短语构成：More subjects,heavier homework and higher academic expectations。from teachers and parents是介词短语作后置定语，修饰expectations。made是谓语动词，me是宾语，feel completely at a loss是省略to的动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。 译文：更多的科目、更重的作业以及来自老师和家长更高的学业期望，让我在开学的第一个月里完全不知所措。 原句2：I joined a school reading club,which aims to attract students from different classes to exchange ideas and share reading experience. 分析：这是一个复合句。主句是I joined a school reading club。which aims to...是一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a school reading club。在定语从句中，to attract students...是动词不定式作宾语，from different classes是介词短语作后置定语修饰students，to exchange ideas and share reading experience是动词不定式作目的状语。 译文：我加入了一个学校读书俱乐部，该俱乐部旨在吸引来自不同班级的学生交流想法和分享阅读经验。 题目详解： 1.细节理解题。根据第一段“More subjects,heavier homework and higher academic expectations...made me feel completely at a loss”可知，作者在高中第一个月最困扰的是无法适应繁重的学业压力。B项符合文意。 2.细节理解题。根据第二段“She suggested that I set practical aims...and make the most of all kinds of school resources”可知，班主任建议作者设定切合实际的目标并充分利用学校资源。B项符合文意。 3.推理判断题。根据第三段“Those small efforts...slowly made a big difference to my whole growth”可知，持续的小努力对个人成长有贡献。A、B、D项均与文意不符。 4.主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了作者如何从刚入学时的不适应，到在老师帮助下调整心态和方法，最终成功适应高中生活的过程。A项“作者如何适应高中生活”最能概括全文主旨。 B Many freshmen hold deep misunderstandings about senior high study.They firmly believe that excellent students are born clever,and it is impossible for ordinary students to catch up with those top learners.However,many years of teaching experience tells us that good learning habits and proper self‑management matter much more than natural talent for long-term academic growth. To make a good start in senior high,there are several practical suggestions.First of all,set realistic goals.Your goals should be equal to your real ability.Never copy others’ goals blindly.Unrealistic targets will destroy your confidence and bring endless disappointment.Second,take responsibility for your own study.Do not wait for teachers or parents to push you forward all the time.Focus on your own improvement instead of caring too much about others’ rankings. Besides,making contributions to group activities is also helpful for your development.Teamwork often reminds us that we can learn from classmates and offer support to each other.When facing challenges,do not regard them as frightening barriers.Challenges lie in every stage of growth.They offer valuable chances for us to improve ourselves and build up our character.Last but not least,learn to take advantage of different learning resources.The school library,teachers’ patient advice and group discussions can all help us acquire new knowledge and broaden our horizons. Senior high is a long journey of self-improvement.No one can achieve great progress overnight.If we keep a positive attitude and keep trying step by step,we will finally become better versions of ourselves. 5.What is many freshmen’s misunderstanding of senior high study? A.Good students are born with higher intelligence. B.Good habits are more important than talent. C.Ordinary students can also make great progress. D.Challenges are chances for self-improvement. 6.What should freshmen do when setting goals? A.Set goals as high as top students’. B.Set goals matching their own ability. C.Change their goals every single day. D.Never set any long‑term goals. 7.What benefit can we get from taking part in group activities? A.We can avoid all difficulties in study. B.We can get high marks without efforts. C.We can learn from teammates and help each other. D.We can escape from heavy homework. 8.What is the purpose of the text? A.To introduce different kinds of after-school activities. B.To explain the importance of team competition. C.To offer practical suggestions for senior high freshmen. D.To show how to deal with low test scores. 答案：5.A 6.B 7.C 8.C 语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章首先指出了许多高一新生对高中学习的误解，即认为优秀学生是天生的。接着，文章为新生提供了四条实用建议：设定切合实际的目标、对自己的学习负责、积极参与集体活动以及充分利用各种学习资源。最后，文章鼓励学生保持积极心态，通过一步步的努力成为更好的自己。 高考高频词汇： misunderstanding n.误解 realistic adj.现实的，实际的 contribution n.贡献 barrier n.障碍，壁垒 character n.性格，品质 长难句分析： 原句：They firmly believe that excellent students are born clever,and it is impossible for ordinary students to catch up with those top learners. 分析：这是一个复合句。主句是They firmly believe...，后面跟了两个由and连接的并列宾语从句。第一个宾语从句是that excellent students are born clever。第二个宾语从句是it is impossible for ordinary students to catch up with those top learners，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语to catch up with...。 译文：他们坚信优秀的学生是天生的聪明，而普通学生不可能赶上那些尖子生。 题目详解： 5.细节理解题。根据第一段“Many freshmen...firmly believe that excellent students are born clever”可知，许多新生认为好学生是天生的聪明。A项符合文意。 6.细节理解题。根据第二段“Your goals should be equal to your real ability”可知，新生在设定目标时，应该设定与自身能力相匹配的目标。B项符合文意。 7.细节理解题。根据第三段“Teamwork often reminds us that we can learn from classmates and offer support to each other”可知，参加集体活动可以让我们向队友学习并互相帮助。C项符合文意。 8.写作目的题。文章第二段开头“To make a good start in senior high,there are several practical suggestions”点明了文章主旨，即为高一新生提供实用建议。C项符合文意。 七、短文语法填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Senior high school is a new journey full of 1 (challenge).Every student has potential 2 (realize)their dreams as long as they keep trying.We should set goals 3 (base)on our own strengths. 4 (equal)important is a positive attitude towards trouble. The school provides many resources for us.We can take advantage 5 after‑school clubs to develop our character.The club 6 (aim)to improve students’ thinking skills is very popular.We should balance our schoolwork 7 after‑school activities.Small efforts can make 8 big difference to our growth.We must take full 9 (responsible)for our choices.Last but not least,we should rise bravely to all challenges 10 come our way. 答案：1.challenges 2.to realize 3.based 4.Equally 5.of 6.aiming 7.with 8.a 9.responsibility 10.that/which 语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章指出高中生活是一个充满挑战的新旅程，鼓励学生设定切合实际的目标，保持积极的态度，平衡学业与课外活动，充分利用学校资源，并对自己的选择负责，勇敢迎接挑战。 高考高频词汇： challenge n.挑战 potential n.潜力 realize v.实现 base v.以……为基础 equally adv.同样地 attitude n.态度 take advantage of利用 aim v.旨在 balance v.平衡 make a difference产生影响 responsibility n.责任 rise to迎接（挑战） 题目详解： 1.考查名词复数。句意：高中是一段充满挑战的新旅程。challenge意为“挑战”，是可数名词。此处表示泛指，且前面没有冠词，应用复数形式。故填challenges。 2.考查非谓语动词。句意：只要不断努力，每个学生都有潜力实现自己的梦想。have the potential to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“有做某事的潜力”，此处用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰potential。故填to realize。 3.考查非谓语动词。句意：我们应该设定基于自身优势的目标。be based on是固定搭配，意为“以……为基础”。此处用过去分词作后置定语，修饰goals。故填based。 4.考查副词。句意：同样重要的是对困难保持积极的态度。此处修饰形容词important，应用副词形式。位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Equally。 5.考查介词。句意：我们可以利用课外俱乐部来培养我们的性格。take advantage of是固定搭配，意为“利用”。故填of。 6.考查非谓语动词。句意：旨在提高学生思维能力的俱乐部很受欢迎。aim与The club之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填aiming。 7.考查介词。句意：我们应该平衡学业和课外活动。balance...with...是固定搭配，意为“平衡……与……”。故填with。 8.考查冠词。句意：小小的努力能对我们的成长产生巨大的影响。make a big difference是固定搭配，意为“产生巨大影响”。故填a。 9.考查名词。句意：我们必须为自己的选择负全责。take responsibility for是固定搭配，意为“为……负责”。full是形容词，修饰名词。故填responsibility。 10.考查定语从句。句意：最后但同样重要的是，我们应该勇敢迎接迎面而来的所有挑战。分析句子结构可知，空白处引导定语从句，修饰先行词challenges。先行词指物，在从句中作主语，故可用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 英语练习题第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit1 Back to school单元单词及语法专讲 一、核心单词 1.potential n.潜力；可能性 adj.潜在的，可能的 ✅教材原句：Realizing your potential.发挥你们的潜力 🔧固定搭配： ①realize one’s potential发挥某人的潜能 例句：Only through constant efforts can you realize your potential.只有不断努力，你才能发挥自己的潜能。②open the door to one’s potential开启某人的潜能 例句：Good education opens the door to our potential.良好的教育开启我们的潜能。 ③potential risk潜在风险（形容词用法） 例句：We should pay attention to the potential risk of this behaviour.我们应当注意这种行为的潜在风险。 📌词性转换：potentially adv.潜在地 例句：This decision will potentially influence his future.这个决定可能会影响他的未来。 📝即时小练习 ①He has the potential____________(become)a top student in our grade. ②Everyone should try to realize____________(he)full potential. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2025新高考二卷语法填空）Growing up,my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing,denying me the chance to discover one of the great wonders of sunshine.在我成长的过程中，我的家人和邻居们从未使用过晾衣绳来晾晒衣服，这让我失去了发现阳光的一大奇迹的机会。 🔹熟词生义：potential n.可能性（阅读高频，不是只翻译“潜力”） 🔹✍写作积累｜应用文/演讲稿 ✨高分倒装句型：Only through continuous efforts can we realize our full potential.只有不懈努力，我们才能充分发挥自身潜能。 ✨仿写练习：只有直面挑战，我们才可以挖掘自身全部潜能。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 🔹📖读后续写素材：realize one’s potential实现某人的潜能——用于人物成长蜕变类情节 例句（读后续写人物成长主题高频表达）：After years of hard‑won progress,he finally realized his potential.经过多年来之不易的进步，他终于挖掘出了自己的潜能。 2.senior adj.中学的；级别高的；年长的n.较年长的人；高年级学生 ✅教材原句：Today is the start of a new term,the start of a threeyear journey and the start of a promising future.Welcome to senior high school!今天是新学期的开始，是三年征程的起点，也是充满希望的未来的起点。欢迎来到高中！ 🔧固定搭配： ①senior high school高中 例句：I have spent two wonderful years in senior high school.我已经在高中度过了两年美好的时光。 ②be senior to sb比某人年长/级别高（不用than） 例句：He is three years senior to me.他比我大三岁。 📌反义词：junior adj.地位较低的；青少年的；junior high school初中 📝即时小练习 ①Tom is senior____________me by two years. ②Many____________(senior)take an active part in volunteer activities. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：Many senior citizens still come to the community library to read newspapers every day.许多老人每天仍来社区图书馆读报。（senior表"年长的"，阅读与续写高频） 🔹熟词生义：senior作形容词高频考查“中学的、资历深的/年长的”；be senior to sb比某人年长或职位更高（用to不用than）；作名词指“毕业班学生/年长者”。 ✍写作积累｜应用文/演讲稿 ✨高分句型：As a senior high school student,I believe we should make the most of every opportunity to grow.作为一名高中生，我认为我们应充分利用每一次机会去成长。 ✨仿写练习：作为一名高中生，我决心充分利用每一次机会去证明自己的能力。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：senior citizen老人——用于助人为乐类情节 例句（读后续写青春成长主题高频表达）：Seeing the senior citizen struggling with the heavy box,he rushed over to lend a hand.看到老人吃力地搬重箱子，他赶忙上前帮忙。 3.challenge n.挑战；难题 vt.向……挑战；质疑 ✅教材原句：The path before you leads to a world full of challenges:a new environment,new knowledge and new ways of thinking.你们面前的道路通向一个充满挑战的世界：新的环境、新知识和新的思维方式。 🔧固定搭配： ①rise to the challenge迎接挑战 例句：Whatever difficulty you meet,try to rise to the challenge.无论你遇到什么困难，努力迎接挑战。 ②face a challenge面对挑战 例句：We will face lots of new challenges in senior high.在高中我们会面对很多新挑战。 ③challenge sb to sth向某人挑战某事 例句：He challenged me to a game of chess.他向我挑战下一盘棋。 📌词性转换：challenging adj.有挑战性的 例句：The task is quite challenging for new students.这项任务对新生来说相当有挑战性。 📝即时小练习 ①Life is full of____________(challenge)and valuable opportunities. ②We should be brave enough____________(face)all kinds of challenges. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2023新高考二卷七选五）Continually challenge yourself to try something new.不断挑战自己，尝试新事物。 🔹熟词生义：challenge作动词高频考查“质疑（观点/权威）”，如challenge the view质疑这一观点，是阅读理解推理题常设的考点。 ✍写作积累｜倡议书/建议信 ✨高分搭配：rise to the challenge迎难而上；meet the challenge迎接挑战。 例句：Instead of running away,we should be brave enough to rise to the challenge.我们不应逃避，而应勇敢迎难而上。 ✨仿写练习：面对突如其来的挑战，她没有退缩，而是选择了迎难而上。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：face a challenge面对挑战——用于描写主角遭遇的困难 例句（读后续写逆境成长主题高频表达）：Faced with a huge challenge,he did not give up but tried his best to solve it.面对巨大挑战，他没有放弃，而是尽全力去解决。 4.opportunity n.机会，时机 ✅教材原句：When you rise to the challenges,you will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal growth.当你勇敢迎接挑战，你就有机会习得丰富的知识，收获个人成长。 🔧固定搭配： have the opportunity to do sth有机会做某事 例句：We have the opportunity to take part in many afterschool activities.我们有机会参加很多课外活动。 📝即时小练习 ①This is a good opportunity____________(learn)new practical skills. ②It is a rare opportunity for____________(we)to communicate with famous experts. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2022北京卷语法填空）It’s an honor to have the opportunity to invest in such a promising project.能够有机会投资如此有前景的项目，我深感荣幸。 🔹同义替换（写作升级）：chance（普通）→opportunity（正式）→occasion（时机），书面语中优先用opportunity。 ✍写作积累｜申请信/自荐信 ✨高分句型：I would appreciate it if you could give me an opportunity to have an interview.如您能给我一次面试机会，我将不胜感激。 ✨仿写练习：他紧紧抓住这次难得的机会，向评委展示了自己的才华。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：seize/grasp the opportunity抓住机会——用于描写抓住转机 例句（读后续写把握机遇主题高频表达）：Seeing the door open,he seized the opportunity to slip out quietly.看到门开着，他抓住机会悄悄溜了出去。 5.acquire vt.获得；习得（知识、技能、习惯） ✅教材原句：When you rise to the challenges,you will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal growth.当你勇敢迎接挑战，你就有机会习得丰富的知识，收获个人成长。 🔧固定搭配： ①acquire knowledge习得知识 例句：Students acquire knowledge from various resources.学生从各类资源中获取知识。 ②acquire skills习得技能 例句：You can acquire practical skills through afterschool activities.你可以通过课外活动习得实用技能。③acquire a habit养成习惯 例句：It’s easy to acquire a bad habit but hard to get rid of it.养成坏习惯容易，改掉却很难。 💡词义辨析 acquire：多指逐步习得知识、技能 get：多指普通得到 obtain：多指付出努力得到实物或抽象事物 📝即时小练习 ①It takes time____________(acquire)good learning habits. ②He has acquired a good habit of____________(read)English articles every morning. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：It took him a long time to acquire the skills he needed to become a good dancer.他花了很长时间才习得成为一名优秀舞者所需的技能。（acquire the skills习得技能） ✍写作积累｜学习经验分享 ✨高分表达：acquire a good habit of...养成……的好习惯。 例句：It is vital for us to acquire effective learning methods in senior high.在高中掌握高效学习方法至关重要。 ✨仿写练习：通过日复一日的练习，他逐渐养成了良好的学习习惯。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：acquire knowledge获得知识——用于描写勤奋求知的过程 例句（读后续写勤奋成长主题高频表达）：He spent all his spare time in the library,eager to acquire more knowledge about history.他把所有业余时间都花在图书馆，渴望获取更多历史知识。 6.effort n.努力，费力的事；试图 ✅教材原句：Most importantly,your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potential.最重要的是，你在高中付出的时间和努力将为你开启潜能之门。 🔧固定搭配： ①make an effort/make efforts to do sth努力做某事 例句：You should make efforts to improve your oral English.你应当努力提升英语口语。 ②spare no effort to do sth不遗余力做某事 例句：We spare no effort to help those students in need.我们不遗余力帮助有需要的学生。 ③with effort费力地例句：He finished the task with great effort.他费尽心力完成这项任务。 ④without effort毫不费力地 例句：He finished the hard task without effort.他毫不费力完成了这项艰巨任务。 📝即时小练习 ①He made every effort____________(pass)the final English exam. ②Great____________(effort)have been made to protect the local environment. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2023新课标二卷七选五）Push through,give it time and put in the effort.坚持挺过去，给它时间，并付出努力。（put in the effort付出努力） 🔹用法提示：make an effort强调一次具体的努力；make efforts/spare no effort强调持续/不遗余力。 ✍写作积累｜演讲稿/倡议书 ✨高分搭配：spare no effort to do sth不遗余力做某事。 例句：We should spare no effort to create a harmonious campus.我们应不遗余力地创建和谐校园。 ✨仿写练习：他不遗余力地把受伤的同学搀扶回了教室。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：make an effort努力——用于描写人物付出行动 例句（读后续写助人为乐主题高频表达）：He made a great effort to control his anger and smiled at her.他极力控制怒火，对她露出微笑。 7.advance n.进步，进展 vt.&vi.发展，前进 ✅教材原句：Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create,what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop!谁知道你们会创造出怎样优美的艺术品，取得怎样的医学进步，研发出怎样惊人的技术！ 🔧固定搭配： ①make advances in…在……方面取得进步 例句：Human beings have made great advances in space science.人类在太空科学领域取得巨大进步。 ②in advance提前（高考完形高频） 例句：If you want to take the trip,please book tickets in advance.如果你想去旅行，请提前订票。 ③advance towards朝……前进 例句：We are advancing towards our final goal.我们正朝着最终目标前进。 📌词性转换：advanced adj.高级的；先进的 例句：Our school is equipped with advanced teaching equipment.我们学校配备先进的教学设备。 📝即时小练习 ①Please book your train ticket____________advance. ②Great____________(advance)have been made in hightechnology recently. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：With the advance of technology,more people are able to work from home.随着技术进步，更多人得以居家办公。（in advance提前为完形高频） 🔹熟词生义：advance作动词可表“提前（会议等）”；作名词可表“预付款”。 ✍写作积累｜建议信/科技类话题 ✨高分短语：in advance提前。 例句：Please book the tickets in advance to avoid disappointment.请提前订票，以免失望。 ✨仿写练习：他提前订好了车票，以免错过与家人的团聚。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：advance towards向…推进；向…前进；朝着…发展——用于描写人物靠近的动作 例句（读后续写亲情守望主题高频表达）：Seeing the dog,he slowly advanced towards it with his hand outstretched.看到狗，他伸出手慢慢向它靠近。 8.amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的 ✅教材原句：Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create,what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop!谁知道你们会创造出怎样优美的艺术品，取得怎样的医学进步，研发出怎样惊人的技术！ 📌词性转换：amaze vt.使惊奇；amazed adj.（人）感到惊奇的 例句：I was amazed at his progress.我对他的进步感到惊讶。 📝即时小练习 ①We were____________(amaze)at his amazing progress. ②It is____________(amaze)that he finished the hard task in such a short time. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2021新高考Ⅰ卷语法填空）The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets,the hotter the spring!温泉的奇妙之处在于气温越低、泉水反而越热！ 🔹易混辨析：amazing令人惊奇的（修饰事物）；amazed（人）感到惊奇的。-ing修饰物，-ed修饰人。 ✍写作积累｜介绍信/演讲稿 ✨高分句型：What an amazing journey senior high school has been!高中真是一段奇妙的旅程！ ✨仿写练习：令人惊喜的是，他最终完成了这个看似不可能的任务。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：to one’s amazement令某人惊讶的是——用于表达人物对结果的惊叹 例句（读后续写惊喜感动主题高频表达）：To his amazement,the whole class burst into warm applause.令他惊喜的是，全班爆发出热烈的掌声。 9.confidence n.信心，信任；把握 ✅教材原句：The possibilities are endless,and I have confidence in your ability to make a difference to your family, to your community and to our country. 可能性是无限的，我相信你们有能力为家庭、社区和我们的国家带来改变。 🔧固定搭配： ①have confidence in sb/sth对…有信心 例句：Teachers should have confidence in every student.老师应当对每一位学生抱有信心。 ②with confidence满怀信心地 例句：She answered all the questions with confidence.她满怀信心地回答了所有问题。 ③lose confidence in对……失去信心 例句：Don’t lose confidence in yourself when you fail.失败的时候不要对自己失去信心。 📌词性转换：confident adj.自信的 搭配1：be confident about对……有信心 例句：He is confident about the coming exam.他对即将到来的考试很有信心。 搭配2：be confident of doing sth确信做某事 例句：She is confident of winning the speech competition.她确信自己能赢得演讲比赛。 📝即时小练习 ①I have great confidence____________my own ability. ②She is full of____________(confident)about her performance in the competition. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2022·北京卷阅读理解B篇）Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.每一个新的步骤都不断增强我的信心。（grow one’s confidence增强信心） 🔹熟词生义：confidence除“信心”外还常表“信任、信赖”，have confidence in sb信任某人。 ✍写作积累｜申请信/自荐信 ✨高分搭配：be confident of/about...对……有信心。 例句：I am confident that I can handle the pressure of this job.我有信心应对这份工作的压力。 ✨仿写练习：正是老师的鼓励，让我重新找回了登台的信心。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：lack confidence缺乏自信——用于描写人物心理障碍 例句（读后续写心理成长主题高频表达）：Lacking confidence,she hesitated at the door for a long time.由于缺乏自信，她在门口犹豫了很久。 10.resource n.资源；资料；谋略 ✅教材原句：To fully realize your potential,it is important for you to make the most of our school resources. 为充分发挥你的潜能，充分利用学校资源对你十分重要。 🔧固定搭配： ①school resources学校资源 例句：We ought to make good use of various school resources.我们应当充分利用各类学校资源。 ②natural resources自然资源 例句：Human beings should protect natural resources.人类应当保护自然资源。 📝即时小练习 ①We should protect our natural____________(resource). ②We must make full use of our limited____________(resource). 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：The library provides various learning resources for students preparing for exams.图书馆为备考学生提供各种学习资源。 🔹熟词生义：resource复数resources表“财力物力”（natural resources自然资源）；单数a man of resource表“足智多谋的人”。 ✍写作积累｜建议信/校园生活 ✨高分搭配：make full use of resources充分利用资源。 例句：We should make full use of online resources to broaden our horizons.我们应充分利用网络资源开阔视野。 ✨仿写练习：他充分利用身边仅有的条件，一步步逼近自己的梦想。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：natural resources自然资源——用于环境类故事背景 例句（读后续写成长进取主题高频表达）：The village was rich in natural resources,which attracted many visitors.这个村庄自然资源丰富，吸引了许多游客。 11.facility n.(pl.facilities)设施，设备；场所 ✅教材原句：Take advantage of your classes,learn from your teachers and classmates,and make use of our school facilities.充分用好课堂，向老师同学学习，利用我们学校的设施。 🔧固定搭配： ①school facilities学校设施 例句：The school has improved its sports facilities recently.这所学校最近改善了体育设施。 ②public facilities公共设施 例句：We should take good care of public facilities.我们应当爱护公共设施。 ⚠️高考易错：表示多种设施，多用复数facilities。 📝即时小练习 ①The school has built many new sports____________(facility). ②The public____________(facility)are open to all citizens. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：The new sports center offers first-class facilities for all its members.新体育中心为所有会员提供一流设施。 🔹熟词生义：facility复数facilities表“设施”，作单数还可表“天赋、熟练”，have a facility for languages有语言天赋。 ✍写作积累｜介绍信/校园导览 ✨高分搭配：public facilities公共设施。 例句：The school has upgraded its teaching facilities recently.学校最近升级了教学设施。 ✨仿写练习：新建的体育设施极大地丰富了同学们的课余生活。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：sports facilities运动设施——用于校园活动场景描写 例句（读后续写校园生活主题高频表达）：They gathered at the sports facilities to prepare for the coming match.他们聚集在体育设施旁为即将到来的比赛做准备。 12.equal adj.相等的；平等的；相当的n.同等的人（物）vt.比得上 ✅教材原句：Of equal importance are good study habits,useful skills and a positive attitude.同等重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能和积极的态度。 🔧固定搭配 ①be equal to sth与……相等；能胜任某事 例句：He is equal to this challenging task.他能够胜任这项具有挑战性的任务。 ②of equal importance同等重要（倒装句型） 例句：Of equal importance is good communication.良好的沟通同等重要。 ③equal rights平等的权利 例句：Everyone should enjoy equal rights.人人都应当享有平等的权利。 📌词性转换：equally adv.同等地；平等地 例句：All students should be treated equally.所有学生都应该被平等对待。 📝即时小练习 ①____________equal importance is good teamwork among group members. ②Everyone is equal____________the law. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：Of equal importance are good study habits,useful skills and a positive attitude.同等重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用技能和积极态度。（of equal importance倒装句） 🔹熟词生义：equal作动词表"比得上、匹敌"，None can equal him in strength.论力气没人比得上他。 ✍写作积累｜演讲稿/社会话题 ✨高分搭配：be equal to...胜任……；与……平等。 例句：Women should have equal access to education.女性应享有平等的受教育权。 ✨仿写练习：每个人都有平等的机会去追逐属于自己的梦想 。____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：feel equal to用于描写人物心理状态 例句（读后续写励志成长主题高频表达）：After a good rest,he finally felt equal to the task ahead.好好休息后，他终于觉得能胜任眼前的任务。 13.attitude n.态度，看法 ✅教材原句：Of equal importance are good study habits,useful skills and a positive attitude.同等重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能和积极的态度。 🔧固定搭配： ①attitude to/towards sb/sth对……的态度 例句：Your attitude towards difficulties will shape your future.你对待困难的态度将塑造你的未来。 ②positive attitude积极的态度 例句：Keep a positive attitude when you meet troubles.遇到麻烦保持积极的态度。 ③negative attitude消极的态度 例句：A negative attitude will stop you from making progress.消极的态度会阻碍你取得进步。 📝即时小练习 ①What’s your attitude____________this difficult problem? ②Different people hold different____________(attitude)towards difficulties. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2021新高考一卷阅读理解D篇）What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?作者对情商普及持何种态度？（attitude to对……的态度） 🔹熟词生义：attitude在艺术/体育类阅读中可表“姿势、姿态”，如the flying attitude飞行姿态。 ✍写作积累｜建议信/心理健康 ✨高分搭配：attitude to/towards...对……的态度。 例句：Your attitude towards challenges determines your height of success.你对挑战的态度决定你成功的高度。 ✨仿写练习：正是那次经历，彻底改变了他面对困难的态度。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：change one’s attitude改变某人的态度——用于人物转变情节 例句（读后续写人物转变主题高频表达）：The experience completely changed his attitude towards life.那次经历彻底改变了他对生活的态度。 14.goal n.目标；进球得分 ✅教材原句：Carefully plan your study,set clear goals and balance your schoolwork with other activities.仔细规划你的学习，设立清晰目标，平衡学业和其他活动。 🔧固定搭配： ①set a goal/set goals设立目标 例句：It is necessary for us to set clear goals at the beginning of the term.学期之初我们设立清晰目标很有必要。②achieve/reach a goal实现目标 例句：Only through hard work can you achieve your goal.唯有努力，你才能实现目标。 📝即时小练习 ①He worked hard to achieve his____________(goal). ②It is wise____________(set)practical goals for yourself. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句She set a clear goal for herself and worked steadily toward it.她为自己设定了明确目标并稳步为之努力。🔹熟词生义：goal在体育类语境表“球门、进球”，score a goal进球得分。 ✍写作积累｜计划类应用文 ✨高分搭配：set/achieve/reach a goal设定/实现目标。 例句：It is important to set realistic goals at the beginning of the term.学期初设定切合实际的目标很重要。 ✨仿写练习：她为自己设定了明确的目标，并一步步为之努力。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：set a clear goal设立一个明确的目标——用于人物立志与成长 例句（读后续写立志成长主题高频表达）：She set a clear goal for herself and worked hard to achieve it.她为自己设定了明确的目标并努力实现。 15.balance vt.同等重视；（使）平衡 n.均衡，平衡 ✅教材原句：Carefully plan your study,set clear goals and balance your schoolwork with other activities.仔细规划你的学习，设立清晰目标，平衡学业和其他活动。 🔧固定搭配： ①balance A with B平衡A与B 例句：We should balance study with physical exercise.我们应该平衡学习与体育锻炼。 ②keep a balance保持平衡 例句：It is hard to keep a balance between work and rest.保持劳逸结合并不容易。 ③lose one’s balance失去平衡 例句：He lost his balance and fell down.他失去平衡摔倒了。 📌词性转换：balanced adj.均衡的 搭配：a balanced diet均衡的饮食 例句：Doctors advise us to keep a balanced diet.医生建议我们保持均衡饮食。 📝即时小练习 ①It is important to keep a____________(balance)lifestyle. ②We should balance study____________proper relaxation. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2025新高考一卷语法填空）Tu says it was the balance between the black and white pieces,beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces,and the energy flow following each move that inspired artists to create oil paintings,sculptures...（it was…that强调句，强调balance／beauty／energy flow三个并列成分） 🔹熟词生义：balance作名词可表“余额”（bank balance银行余额）；作动词可表“权衡”，balance A against B。 ✍写作积累｜建议信/健康话题 ✨高分表达：keep a balance between A and B保持A与B的平衡。 例句：You had better balance your study with proper relaxation.你最好平衡学习与适当放松。 ✨仿写练习：她努力在繁重的学业与兴趣爱好之间保持平衡。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：lose one’s balance失去平衡——用于动作细节或意外 例句（读后续写自律成长主题高频表达）：He slipped on the ice and lost his balance,falling heavily on the ground.他在冰上打滑失去平衡，重重摔在地上。 16.individual n.个人 adj.个人的，个体的 ✅教材原句：In time you will find yourself growing into a wellrounded individual.终有一天，你会发现自己成 长为一个全面发展的人。 🔧固定搭配： ①a wellrounded individual全面发展的人（写作高分） 例句：Our education aims to cultivate wellrounded individuals.我们的教育旨在培养全面发展的人。 ②individual differences个体差异 例句：We should respect individual differences among students.我们应当尊重学生之间的个体差异。 📝即时小练习 ①Every individual____________(have)his own strengths and weaknesses. ②We should respect individual____________(difference)among students. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2023新课标一卷阅读理解D篇）For instance,the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.例如，四个五人讨论组的平均估计，明显比二十个独立个体的平均估计更准确。（independent individuals独立个体） 🔹用法提示：individual作形容词=个人的/个体的；作名词=个人，强调“单个、独立”的个体，区别于collective集体的。 ✍写作积累｜教育话题/演讲稿 ✨高分搭配：a well-rounded individual全面发展的人。 例句：Our education aims to cultivate well-rounded individuals.我们的教育旨在培养全面发展的人。 ✨仿写练习：教育的目的，是让每一个个体都成为更好的自己。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：individual differences个体差异——用于讨论个体差异 例句（读后续写自我成长主题高频表达）：We should respect individual differences among students.我们应当尊重学生之间的个体差异。 17.character n.品质，性格；特点；人物，角色；文字 ✅教材原句：You need to make a continuous effort to train your mind and develop your character.你需要不断努力锻炼思维，培养品格。 🔧固定搭配： ①develop one’s character培养品格 例句：Afterschool activities help us develop our character.课外活动帮助我们培养品格。 ②a man of good character品格高尚的人 例句：He is a man of good character,so everyone trusts him.他人品很好，所有人都信任他。 📝即时小练习 ①It is important to develop____________(we)good character. ②Good habits play an important part in____________(develop)one’s character. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：Honesty and courage are the qualities that build a person of strong character.诚实与勇气是塑造坚毅品格的品质。 🔹熟词生义：character一词多义——品质/性格、特点、（戏剧）人物角色、文字/汉字。答题时按语境判断。 ✍写作积累｜人物介绍/演讲稿 ✨高分搭配：develop one’s character培养品格；a man of good character品格高尚的人。 ✨仿写练习：正是那段艰苦的岁月，磨砺出了他坚韧的品格。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：strong character坚强的品格——用于描写人物品格 例句（读后续写逆境成长主题高频表达）：The hardship shaped his strong character and made him braver than before.苦难塑造了他坚强的品格，让他比以前更勇敢。 18.responsible adj.有责任的；负责的 ✅教材原句：Senior high will help you learn and grow,yet you alone are responsible for realizing your great potential.高中会帮助你学习成长，但唯有你自己要为实现巨大潜能负责。 🔧固定搭配： ①be responsible for对……负责 例句：Every citizen is responsible for protecting our environment.每一位公民都要保护环境。 ②hold sb responsible for让某人为……负责 例句：We will hold you responsible for any damage.任何损坏我们将让你承担责任。 📌词性转换：responsibility n.责任，职责 搭配1：take responsibility for为……承担责任 例句：You should take responsibility for your mistakes.你应当为自己的错误承担责任。 搭配2：a sense of responsibility责任感 例句：A good teenager should have a sense of responsibility.一名优秀的青少年应当拥有责任感。 📝即时小练习 ①Everyone is responsible____________his own behaviour. ②It is our____________(responsible)to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：As a citizen,everyone is responsible for protecting the environment.作为公民，人人都有责任保护环境。 ✍写作积累｜竞选演讲稿/申请书 ✨高分句型：I am convinced that I am responsible for this position and can do it well.我确信我能胜任这一职位并把它做好。 ✨仿写练习：意识到自己的错误后，他决定为一切后果负责。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：be responsible for为…负责——用于描写人物承担责任 例句（读后续写责任担当主题高频表达）：Realizing his mistake,he decided to be responsible for what he had done.意识到错误后，他决定为自己的所作所为负责。 19.focus n.焦点，重点vt.&vi.集中 ✅教材原句：Setting goals gives you a focus in life.设定目标让你的生活有重心。 🔧固定搭配： ①focus on(doing)sth集中（做）某事 例句：You should focus on what the teacher says in class.课堂上你应该专注老师讲的内容。 ②a focus in life生活的重心 例句：For him,study is the main focus in life.对他来说，学习是生活主要重心。 📝即时小练习 ①You are supposed to focus____________your courses during class time. ②____________(focus)your attention on goals will bring you progress. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：If you focus on what you can control,you will feel less anxious about the future.专注于你能掌控之事，你就不会为未来那么焦虑。 🔹用法提示：focus on(doing)sth集中（做）某事；a sense of focus专注力；be focused on专注于。 ✍写作积累｜学习经验/建议信 ✨高分搭配：focus one’s attention on...把注意力集中于…… 例句：You should focus on what the teacher says in class.课堂上你应专注于老师讲的内容。 ✨仿写练习：他全神贯注地倾听着，生怕漏掉老师讲的每一句话。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：focus on集中——用于描写人物全神贯注 例句（读后续写专注拼搏主题高频表达）：Fully focused on the task,he hardly noticed the time passing.他全神贯注于任务，几乎没注意到时间在流逝。 20.detail n.细节；具体情况 ✅教材原句：To realize your goals,you need to have a good plan,manage your time well and pay attention to details. 为了实现目标，你需要做好规划，管理好时间并且关注细节。 🔧固定搭配： ①pay attention to details关注细节 例句：A good learner always pays attention to details.优秀的学习者总是关注细节。 ②in detail详细地 例句：Please describe the accident in detail.请详细描述这场事故。 📝即时小练习 ①Could you describe the accident____________detail? ②The witness presented the incident____________full detail. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：To realize your goals,you need to manage your time well and pay attention to details.要实现目标，你需要管理好时间并关注细节。 🔹固定搭配：in detail详细地（describe sth in detail）；down to detail连细节也；细节决定成败。 ✍写作积累｜通知/说明类应用文 ✨高分句型：Please describe the plan in detail so that everyone can understand it.请详细描述该计划，以便每个人都能理解。 ✨仿写练习：寄出之前，他把每一个细节都反复核对了一遍。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：pay attention to detail注重细节——用于严谨细致的人物形象 例句（读后续写严谨细致主题高频表达）：Every detail of the letter had been checked before it was sent.寄出之前，这封信的每一处细节都经过了检查。 21.base vt.以…为基础；以…为根据n.基础；基底；总部 ✅教材原句：You should set goals based on your abilities and skills.（课本B2阅读素材）你应当依据你的能力和技能设立目标。 🔧固定搭配： ①base A on/upon B把A建立在B的基础之上 例句：We should base our opinions on facts.我们应当把观点建立在事实的基础之上。 ②be based on/upon以…为基础（高频写作） 例句：This story is based on reallife events.这个故事是以真实事件为基础的。 ③at the base of…在…的底部 例句：There is a small house at the base of the mountain.在山脚下有一座小房子。 📌词性转换：basic adj.基础的；basically adv.基本上 例句：We should master some basic skills.我们应该掌握一些基础技能。 📝即时小练习 ①Our judgements ought to be based____________solid facts. ②The film____________(base)on real‑life events is popular among teenagers. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：The film based on real-life events is popular among teenagers.这部以真实事件为基础的电影很受青少年欢迎。（be based on过去分词作后置定语） ✍写作积累｜建议信/议论类 ✨高分搭配：be based on/upon以……为基础。 例句：Our opinions should be based on facts,not feelings.我们的观点应基于事实而非感觉。 ✨仿写练习：他把这个决定建立在冷静的分析之上，而非一时冲动。____________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：base...on...把…建立在…基础上——用于表现人物理性判断 例句（读后续写理性成长主题高频表达）：He based his decision on careful analysis rather than emotion.他把决定建立在冷静的分析而非情绪之上。 22.remind vt.提醒；使想起 ✅教材原句：This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused.这会提醒你为何奋斗，让你保持专注。 🔧固定搭配： ①remind sb of sth使某人想起某事 例句：The old photo reminds me of my highschool days.这张老照片让我回想起高中时光。 ②remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事 例句：Please remind me to hand in my proposal tomorrow.请提醒我明天上交提案。 ③remind sb that…提醒某人… 例句：My teacher reminds me that I should set clear goals.老师提醒我应当设立清晰的目标。 📌词性转换：reminder n.提醒物；提示 例句：The red mark serves as a reminder of danger ahead.这个红色标记作为前方危险的提示。 📝即时小练习 ①Please remind me____________(hand)in my assignment tomorrow morning. ②The old photo serves as a____________(remind)of our teenage days. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2021新高考一卷语法填空）Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”.去黄山让我想起了披头士那首著名的《蜿蜒长路》。（remind sb of sth使某人想起某事） ✍写作积累｜邮件/告知类应用文 ✨高分句型：This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused.这会提醒你为何而奋斗，让你保持专注。 ✨仿写练习：这张泛黄的老照片，让她想起了那些无忧无虑的岁月。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：remind sb of使某人想起某事——用于触景生情 例句（读后续写触景生情主题高频表达）：The old photo reminded her of the carefree days of her childhood.这张老照片让她回想起童年无忧无虑的岁月。 23.proposal n.提议，建议，动议 ✅教材原句：Write your proposal for a new school club.为新的学校社团写一份提案。 🔧固定搭配： ①put forward a proposal提出提议 例句：He put forward a proposal to build more reading rooms.他提出要建造更多阅览室。 ②a proposal for……的提案 例句：This is a proposal for setting up a new club.这是一份建立新社团的提案。 📝即时小练习 ①He brought forward a proposal____________(hold)a school sports meet. ②Several practical____________(proposal)were put forward at the meeting. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：He put forward a proposal to build more reading rooms in the school library.他提出在学校图书馆建更多阅览室的提议。 🔹用法提示：a proposal for(doing)sth/a proposal to do sth关于……的提案；propose v.提议（propose doing/that...(should)do）。 ✍写作积累｜建议信/提案类应用文 ✨高分搭配：put forward/make a proposal提出建议。 例句：I would like to put forward a proposal about improving our school library.我想就改善学校图书馆提出一份提案。 ✨仿写练习：她霍地站起身，大胆地提出了自己的建议。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：make a proposal提出建议——用于会议、倡议场景 例句（读后续写挺身而出主题高频表达）：She stood up and made a bold proposal that everyone should help the boy.她站起身，大胆提议每个人都应该帮助这个男孩。 24.aim n.目的，目标vi.&vt.力争做到；目的是；针对 ✅教材原句：Club aim:To improve short story writing skills.（课本Integrated skills提案范文）社团目标：提升短篇小说写作技巧。 🔧固定搭配： ①the aim of…的目的 例句：The aim of this club is to help students develop hobbies.这个社团的目的是帮助学生培养爱好。 ②aim to do sth旨在做某事；力争做某事 例句：We aim to make the most of our school resources.我们力争充分利用学校资源。 ③be aimed at(doing)sth旨在；目的在于 例句：This activity is aimed at improving students’ communication skills.这项活动旨在提升学生的沟通技能。 📝即时小练习 ①The course is aimed____________improving students’ writing ability. ②This project aims____________(offer)help to new‑comers. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2021全国乙卷语法填空）Activities there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.那里的活动范围从观鲸到徒步旅行，住宿设施旨在对自然环境产生低影响。 ✍写作积累｜通知/活动介绍 ✨高分句型：This activity is aimed at improving students’ communication skills.这项活动旨在提升学生的沟通技能。 ✨仿写练习：他所有的努力，都指向同一个目标——跑完全程。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：aim at旨在/live up to one’s aim不辜负某人的期望；实现某人的目标——用于人物目标 例句（读后续写坚持拼搏主题高频表达）：His every move was aimed at one goal—finishing the marathon.他的一举一动都指向一个目标——跑完马拉松。 25.contribution n.贡献；捐款；捐赠 ✅教材原句：Class discussion is very important in the UK,but I could not make a great contribution because sometimes I wasn’t able to express myself clearly in English.在英国，课堂讨论很重要，但是我做不了多大的贡献，因为有时我无法清晰地用英语表达自己的看法。 🔧固定搭配： ①make a contribution/make contributions to(doing)sth对…做出贡献（to是介词，后接名词/doing） 例句：We should make contributions to our society.我们应当为社会做贡献。 📌词性转换：contribute v.贡献；促成；捐献 搭配：contribute to为……做贡献；促成 例句：Hard work contributes to his success.努力促成了他的成功。 📝即时小练习 ①He made great contributions to____________(protect)the environment. ②Many ordinary people have made valuable____________(contribution). 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：We should make contributions to our society and help those who are in need.我们应为社会作贡献，帮助那些需要帮助的人。（to为介词，后接名词/doing） ✍写作积累｜演讲稿/倡议书 ✨高分搭配：make a great contribution to(doing)sth对……作出巨大贡献。 例句：Everyone can make a contribution to a better world.人人都能为更美好的世界作贡献。 ✨仿写练习：尽管平凡，他却多年来默默为社区奉献着自己的力量。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：make a contribution to为…做贡献——用于人物奉献 例句（读后续写默默奉献主题高频表达）：Though ordinary,she made a quiet contribution to her community for years.尽管平凡，她却多年来默默为社区奉献。 26.attract vt.吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起（反应） ✅教材原句：The one that attracted me most was the Rugby Club.最吸引我的是橄榄球俱乐部。 🔧固定搭配： ①attract one’s attention吸引某人的注意力 例句：The colourful poster attracted our attention.这张色彩鲜艳的海报吸引了我们的注意力。 ②attract sb to sth把某人吸引到… 例句：Many students are attracted to afterschool activities.很多学生被课外活动所吸引。 📌词性转换：attraction n.吸引力；景点；attractive adj.有吸引力的 例句：The place is very attractive to young people.这个地方对年轻人很有吸引力。 📝即时小练习 ①The ancient city is very____________(attract)to young visitors. ②The activity____________(attract)hundreds of students last week. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：The colourful poster attracted our attention as we walked past the notice board.我们路过公告栏时，那张色彩鲜艳的海报吸引了我们的目光。 ✍写作积累｜介绍信/招募类应用文 ✨高分搭配：attract one’s attention吸引某人注意；attract sb to sth把某人吸引到……。 例句：The club will attract more students to take part in after-school activities. ✨仿写练习：孩子们被台上精彩的表演深深吸引，久久不愿离去。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：be attracted to被…所吸引——用于人物被吸引 例句（读后续写兴趣热爱主题高频表达）：Many students are attracted to the school’s after-school activities.许多学生被学校的课外活动所吸引。 二、核心短语 1.make the most of充分利用 ✅教材原句：To fully realize your potential,it is important for you to make the most of our school resources. 为充分发挥你的潜能，充分利用学校资源对你十分重要。 例句1：Make the most of your spare time to read more books.充分利用你的空余时间多读书。 例句2：We should make the most of every chance to learn new things.我们要充分利用每一个机会学习新东西。 📝即时小练习 ①We should make____________most of every chance to practise our oral English. ②Making the most of____________(we)spare‑time helps us make progress. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2022浙江1月卷七选五）I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do,but I have made specific choices that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed.我和你一天同样拥有24小时，但我做出了明确选择，让我既能充分利用每一天，又能保持快乐与放松。 🔹语境辨析：make the most of强调"把现有条件用到最好"；take advantage of既可“利用”也可“占便宜”，需看语境。 ✍写作积累｜建议信/演讲稿 ✨高分句型：It is high time that we made the most of every minute to improve our English.是时候充分利用每一分钟来提高英语了。 ✨仿写练习：被困岛上，他充分利用有限的资源顽强求生。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：make the most of充分利用——用于主角善用环境脱困 例句（读后续写绝境脱困主题高频表达）：Stranded on the island,he made the most of the limited resources to survive.被困岛上，他充分利用有限的资源求生。 2.take advantage of利用（可褒义充分利用；贬义趁机占便宜） ✅教材原句：Take advantage of your classes,learn from your teachers and classmates,and make use of our school facilities.充分用好课堂，向老师同学学习，利用我们学校的设施。 例句1（褒义）：Take advantage of this chance to improve your spoken English.利用这次机会提升你的英语口语。 例句2（贬义）：Don’t take advantage of other people’s kindness.不要利用别人的善良。 📝即时小练习 ①We should take advantage____________every good chance to learn new knowledge. ②Taking advantage of____________(learn)new skills benefits us a lot. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：Take advantage of your classes and learn from your teachers and classmates.充分利用课堂，向老师和同学学习。（to后接名词，非谓语作主语用taking） 🔹褒贬两用：褒义=充分利用（机会/资源）；贬义=占便宜、利用（他人）。写作时注意语境色彩。 ✍【写作积累｜建议信】 ✨高分句型：You should take advantage of this chance to improve your spoken English.你应利用这次机会提升英语口语。 ✨仿写练习：他趁着现场一片混乱，悄悄地从后门溜了出去。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：take advantage of the situation——用于人物把握形势 例句（读后续写机智应变主题高频表达）：He took advantage of the confusion and quietly escaped through the back door.他趁混乱从后门悄悄溜走了。 3.lie in在于 ✅教材原句：However,for those of you with a positive mind,opportunity lies in each challenge.但是，对于心态积极的你们来说，机会蕴藏在每一次挑战之中。 例句1：The secret of happiness lies in a positive attitude.快乐的秘诀在于积极的态度。 例句2：His success lies in years of hard work.他的成功在于多年的辛勤付出。 📝即时小练习 ①His great success lies____________constant hard work. ②The key____________(lie)in holding on to your goals. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：For those with a positive mind,opportunity lies in each challenge.对心态积极的人而言，机会蕴藏在每一次挑战之中。（lie不及物，须加介词in） 🔹辨析：lie in在于；lie ahead在前面等着；lie down躺下；注意lie(躺-lay-lain)与lie(说谎-lied-lied)、lay(放置-laid-laid)区分。 ✍写作积累｜议论类/演讲稿 ✨高分句型：The secret of happiness lies in a positive attitude.快乐的秘诀在于积极的态度。 ✨仿写练习：他的成功，在于长年默默无闻的辛勤付出。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：the answer lies in...——用于点明关键 例句（读后续写坚持成长主题高频表达）：His success lies in years of quiet,unglamorous hard work.他的成功在于多年默默无闻的辛勤付出。 4.rise to能够处理；迎接（挑战） ✅教材原句：When you rise to the challenges,you will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal growth. 当你勇敢迎接挑战，你就有机会习得丰富的知识，收获个人成长。 例句1：We must rise to all kinds of difficulties in our life.我们必须勇敢面对生活中的各种困难。 例句2：She rose to the challenge and finished the hard task.她迎接挑战，完成了这项艰巨任务。 📝即时小练习 ①We should rise____________the challenge bravely. ②We are ready____________(rise)to all kinds of challenges ahead. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：When you rise to the challenges,you will have the opportunity to grow.当你迎接挑战时，你就有机会成长。 🔹用法提示：rise to表"能够处理、勇敢应对（挑战/责任/局面）"，rise不及物，后接to+名词，如rise to the occasion临危不乱。 ✍写作积累｜演讲稿/倡议书 ✨高分搭配：rise to the challenge迎接挑战。 例句：We should rise to the challenge bravely instead of shrinking back.我们应勇敢迎接挑战而非退缩。 ✨仿写练习：她迎难而上，出色地完成了这项艰巨的任务。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：rise to the challenge迎接挑战——用于人物蜕变 例句（读后续写蜕变挑战主题高频表达）：She rose to the challenge and finished the hard task beyond everyone's expectations.她迎难而上，出色完成了这项艰巨任务。 5.make a difference起作用，有影响 ✅教材原句：I have confidence in your ability to make a difference to your family,to your community and to our country. 🔧搭配：make a difference to sb/sth对……产生影响 例句1：Small good habits can make a big difference to your study.小小的好习惯会对你的学习产生巨大影响。 例句2：Everyone can make a difference to society.每个人都可以对社会有所贡献。 📝即时小练习 ①Your kindness will make a difference____________people around you. ②Small acts have made a____________(differ)to our school environment. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹真题切片：（2022北京卷阅读理解B篇）…an inner desire to make a difference in the world.……内心深处渴望改变世界。（make a difference产生影响、有所作为） 🔹搭配拓展：make a difference to sb/sth对……产生影响；make a big/difference起重要作用；反义make no difference毫无影响。 ✍写作积累｜演讲稿/倡议书 ✨高分句型：Small good habits can make a big difference to your study.小小的良好习惯会对你的学习产生巨大影响。 ✨仿写练习：他梦想成为一名医生，去改变更多人的生活。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：want to make a difference——用于人物志向 例句（读后续写志向奉献主题高频表达）：He dreamed of becoming a doctor to make a difference to people's lives.他梦想成为一名医生，去改变人们的生活。 6.last but not least最后但同样重要的 ✅教材原句：Last but not least,always look on the bright side and never lose hope,even in difficult situations.最后但同样重要的一点，即使身处困境也要看到光明，永不放弃希望。 例句1：Last but not least,we should pay attention to our physical health.最后同样重要，我们应当关注身体健康。 例句2：Last but not least,learn to respect people around you.最后同样重要，学会尊重身边的人。 📝即时小练习 ①Last____________not least,we should care for our parents. ②Last but not least,____________(develop)good habits matters a lot. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：Last but not least,always look on the bright side and never lose hope,even in difficult situations.最后但同样重要，即使身处困境也要看到光明、永不放弃希望。 🔹写作功能：用于应用文/演讲稿的"末段收束并列点"，语气郑重，相当于"最后同样重要的是"，比finally更有分量。 ✍写作积累｜演讲稿/建议信结尾 ✨高分句型：Last but not least,we should learn to respect the people around us.最后但同样重要的是，我们应学会尊重身边的人。 ✨仿写练习：最后但同样重要的是，在日常生活中遇到困难时千万不要放弃。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：last but not least——用于列举收束 例句（读后续写个人成长主题高频表达）：Last but not least,she decided to turn to her teachers for practical advice on how to make progress.最后同样重要的是，她决定向老师寻求如何取得进步的实用建议。 7.in time迟早，最终；及时 ✅教材原句：In time you will find yourself growing into a well‑rounded individual.终有一天，你会发现自己成长 为一个全面发展的人。 例句1（最终）：Keep working hard and you will succeed in time.坚持努力，你终会成功。 例句2（及时）：Luckily,he arrived at the station in time.幸运的是，他及时赶到车站。 📝即时小练习 ①Keep practising and you will make progress____________time. ②Your efforts will pay off____________time if you never give up. 📎高考拓展专区 🔹例句：In time you will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual.终有一天，你会发现自己成长为全面发展的人。（in time此处表"迟早、最终"） 🔹辨析：in time及时/迟早（强调结果终会到来）；on time准时（强调不早不晚）。两词组常作改错、完形干扰项。 ✍写作积累｜建议信/励志类结尾 ✨高分句型：Keep working hard and your efforts will pay off in time.坚持努力，你的付出终将得到回报。 ✨仿写练习：幸运的是，救护车及时赶到，救下了那个小女孩。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 📖读后续写素材：in time——用于及时救援或如期而至 例句（读后续写及时救援主题高频表达）：Luckily,the ambulance arrived in time and saved the little girl.幸运的是，救护车及时赶到，救了那个小女孩。 一、七大句子成分 1.主语(S) 定义：句子所描述的主体，回答问题：“谁？/什么？”，是整句话描述的对象。 ✅可以充当主语的成分：名词、代词主格、动名词doing、不定式to do、名词性从句。 ⚠️高考易错1：doing/to do作主语，谓语动词必须用第三人称单数。 教材原句：Setting goals gives you a focus in life.设定目标会让你的生活拥有重心。 🔍成分划分：Setting goals（动名词短语，作主语）；gives谓语；you间接宾语；a focus直接宾语。 ❌错：Set goals give you a focus in life. 错误解析：动词原形Set不能做主语。动词原形只能做祈使句谓语，不能充当主语。 ✅对：Setting goals gives you a focus in life. ⚠️高考易错2：动名词复合结构作主语：逻辑主语要用形容词性物主代词(my/his/our)，绝对不能用宾格代词(me/him/us)。 ❌Him realizing potential is important. ✅His realizing potential is important.发挥他的潜能很重要。 补充祈使句特殊情况：祈使句主语you被省略，谓语直接用动词原形。 例：Make the most of your school resources.（=(You)make the most of your school resources） 2.谓语(V) 定义：描述主语发出的动作，或者主语所处的状态。谓语是一个简单句必不可少的核心。 🚨全高中最大语法坑谓语只能是谓语动词（具有时态、人称、单复数变化）。 to do/doing/done叫非谓语动词，永远不能单独充当谓语！！ ✅谓语动词分两类： (1)及物动词vt.：动作需要施加对象，后面必须接宾语，意思才完整。 例：We realize our potential.realize是及物动词，后面要有宾语our potential。 (2)不及物动词vi.：动作本身语义完整，不能直接接宾语。如果后面要接对象，必须搭配介词。 ✅教材原句：Opportunities lie in each challenge.机遇蕴藏在每一次挑战之中。 🔍解析：lie不及物动词，不能直接写lie each challenge，必须加介词in。in each challenge是介词短语，做状语，不是宾语。 ❌错句：He realizing his great potential. 错误深度解析：realizing是现在分词（非谓语），没有时态人称变化，本句子找不到谓语动词，属于残缺句，英语中完全不成立。 ✅正确：He realizes his great potential. 解析：realizes谓语动词，三单形式，有谓语，句子完整。 判断小技巧：拿到一个动词，看它有没有时态变化（‑s/‑ed/will do）。有，是谓语；只有to‑do/‑ing/‑ed变形，没有时态，是非谓语，不能单独做谓语。 3.宾语(O) 定义：及物动词动作的承受对象，回答问题：动作对谁？对什么？ ✅充当宾语：名词、代词宾格(me/him/us)、doing、to do、名词性从句。 宾语分两类：间接宾语(IO)、直接宾语(DO)，同一个动词后面同时出现两个宾语时才区分。 ①间接宾语IO：大多指人，表示动作的接收者； ②直接宾语DO：大多指物，表示动作的实际内容。 ✅教材原句：Setting goals gives you a focus in life.设定目标会让你的生活拥有重心。 🔍划分：S：Setting goals；V：gives； 👉宾语部分：you（间接宾语IO，指人）；a focus（直接宾语DO，指物）。 ✅改写转换公式：动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语 =Setting goals gives a focus to you. ✅高频可以接双宾语的动词： ▷搭配to：give,offer,send,show,tell ▷搭配for：buy,get ⚠️重要区分SVOO主谓双宾和SVOC主谓宾补高考难点 (1)SVOO（双宾语，都属于宾语）：两个宾语之间逻辑上不能构成主系表。 He gave me a pen.→不能说I am a pen。 (2)SVOC（宾语+宾补）：宾语和后面成分可以构成逻辑主系表，后面成分不属于宾语，是宾语补足语。 We call him our monitor.→He is our monitor.（逻辑成立，our monitor是宾补，不是宾语） 4.表语(P) 定义：放在系动词的后面，用来描述主语的身份、状态、特征。 👉核心关键点：表语修饰主语，永远跟在系动词之后！ ✅三大类系动词（高考必背） ①be系动词：am/is/are/was/were ②感官系动词：look看起来；sound听起来；feel感觉；taste尝起来；smell闻起来 ③变化/状态系动词：become变得；get变得；grow渐渐；turn变成；seem似乎；remain保持 ⚠️高考易错点：系动词后面，必须用形容词做表语，禁止用副词！ ❌He looks happily. ✅He looks happy. 解析：look是感官系动词，happy形容词作表语，修饰主语he；happily是副词，只能修饰动作类实义动词。 ✅教材原句：Goals are important in many ways.目标在很多方面都很重要。 🔍划分：S：Goals；V(系动词)：are；P：important；in many ways状语。important形容词作表语，修饰主语goals。 5.补语(C) 定义：用来补充说明名词（主语或者宾语）的身份、状态、动作。分为主语补足语、宾语补足语两类。 ①主语补足语（主补）：补充说明主语，常出现在被动语态、系表结构。 例句：He was called monitor.他被叫作班长。 解析：monitor是主语he的主语补足语（主补）。逻辑：He is monitor。 ②宾语补足语（宾补）：补充说明宾语，只出现在及物动词的宾语之后。 ✅黄金逻辑验证法（做题必用）： 把「宾语+宾补」提取出来，中间加上be动词，如果逻辑通顺，就一定是宾语补足语。 ✅教材原句：setting goals makes you more confident.设定目标让你更加自信。 🔍划分：S：setting goals；V：makes；O：you；补语（宾补）：more confident。 逻辑验证：You are more confident.✔逻辑成立，more confident是宾补，补充说明宾语you。 ✅可以充当补语的成分： (1)形容词：We find the task challenging. (2)名词：We call him our monitor. (3)to‑do不定式：The teacher encourages us to try our best. (4)不带to的to do：We saw him enter the hall. (5)doing现在分词：We kept him waiting. (6)done过去分词：We found the window broken. 📌辨析：表语VS补语 (1)He is confident. 分析：confident放在系动词is后面修饰主语he→表语 (2)The news makes him confident. 分析：confident放在宾语him后面，补充说明宾语him→宾补（补语） (3)He was called monitor. 分析：monitor补充说明主语he→主补（补语） 6.定语(Attr) 定义：专门用来修饰、限定名词/代词，翻译“……的”。 ✅可以充当定语：形容词、代词、分词、介词短语、从句。 定语可以分为两类： （1）前置定语：放在名词前面。 例：a well‑rounded individual well‑rounded修饰individual。 （2）后置定语：放在名词后面，多为介词短语、分词。 教材原句：Your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potential你在高中的时光与努力将为你打开通往潜能的大门。 🔍解析：at senior high school介词短语，作后置定语，修饰your time and effort；删掉该定语，句子主干依然完整。 7.状语(A) 定义：修饰动词、形容词、或者整个句子。表达时间、地点、方式、原因、条件、程度。 ✅可以充当状语：副词、介词短语、分词、从句。 ✅教材原句：In time you will find yourself growing into a well‑rounded individual.随着时间的推移，你会发现自己逐渐成长为一个全面发展的人。 🔍解析：In time时间状语，修饰整个句子。删掉状语，句子主干：you will find yourself growing into a well‑rounded individual依然完整。 📝即时小练习 写出下列划线部分所作的句子成分 1.We exchange ideas with foreign exchange students on campus.________ 2.His first impression of the senior high school was wonderful.________ 3.The teacher’s words impressed all the new students deeply.________ 4.Han Jing felt anxious on her first day of senior high school.________ 5.The school will hold a lecture about registration tomorrow.________ 6.We found a beautiful and lively campus.________ 7.The new monitor was considered to be responsible and helpful by all the classmates.________ 8.She came to the campus at last after getting lost.________ 9.My dream is to design a new building for our school.________ 10.The noise from the lab made him annoyed.________ 二、句子结构 1.SV主谓S+Vi（主语+不及物动词） ✅核心规则：不及物动词vi本身语义完整，绝对不能直接接宾语！如果需要接对象，必须加介词，介词短语做状语。 公式：S+Vi 教材原句：Opportunities lie in each challenge.机遇存在于每一个挑战之中。 S：Opportunities；V：lie（不及物动词）；in each challenge介词短语作状语。 ❌错误：Opportunities lie each challenge.（不及物动词lie直接接名词宾语，缺少介词in） ✅正确：Opportunities lie in each challenge. 高频不及物动词（改错常考，不能直接接宾语）：lie,happen,appear,occur,take place。 take place：发生；无被动语态！短文改错常考被动错误。 拓展例句：Great changes have taken place.巨大的变化已经发生。 2.SVP主系表S+link‑v+P（主语+系动词+表语） 公式：S+系动词+表语 表语描述主语；系动词分be动词、感官系动词、变化系动词。 教材原句：Goals are important in many ways.目标在许多方面都很重要。 S：Goals；系动词：are；P：important；in many ways状语。 ❌错：The music sounds beautifully. ✅对：The music sounds beautiful. 3.SVO主谓宾S+Vt+O（主语+及物动词+宾语） 公式：S+Vt+O 及物动词vt后面必须带上宾语，语义才完整。 教材原句：We should realize our potential.我们应该发挥我们的潜能。 S：We；Vt：should realize；O：our potential。 4.SVOO主谓双宾S+V+IO+DO（主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语） 公式：S+V+IO+DO 改写公式：S+V+DO+to/for+IO 教材原句：The teacher offers us some practical advice.老师给我们提供了一些实用的建议。 =The teacher offers some practical advice to us. 注意：IO与DO之间没有逻辑主表关系。 5.SVOC主谓宾补S+V+O+宾补（主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语） 公式：S+V+O+OC 验证规则：O+be+OC逻辑成立。 教材原句：We find senior high life challenging.我们发现高中生活具有挑战性。 验证：Senior high life is challenging✔成立，challenging为宾补。 高频接宾补动词：find,make,keep,consider,call,encourage。 6.SVAd主谓状S+Vi+Ad（主语+不及物动词+状语） 公式：S+Vi+Ad（主语+不及物动词+状语） ✅核心规则：谓语为不及物动词，不带宾语；后面带上状语（时间、地点、方式）修饰动作。区分SV（只有主谓，无状语）和SVAd（主谓+状语）。 例句：Students work hard every day.学生们每天努力学习。 S：Students；V：work（不及物动词）；Ad：hard every day（状语）。 辨析： SV：He runs.（主谓，无状语） SVAd：He runs in the playground.（主谓+地点状语） 7.There be存现句 公式：There be+真正主语+地点/时间状语 ✅讲解：there为形式引导词，**不是句子主语**；be动词的单复数由后面真正主语决定，遵循就近原则，用来表达“某地存在某物”。 例句：There are many challenges waiting for us in senior high.高中有许多挑战在等待我们。 🔍解析：There形式引导词；真正主语many challenges；in senior high地点状语。 📝即时小练习 写出下列句子的句子结构 1.They will seem easier to reach.________________ 2.This will give you the encouragement to achieve your goal.________________ 3.You can place the list on your bedside table.________________ 4.You may find achieving goals difficult.________________ 5.He is learning Chinese.________________ 6.His headteacher asked him to clean the windows.________________ 7.Her mother often cooks her nice food.________________ 8.The great performances in some of China’s strong sports have also told fans that the country’s dominance is safe.________________ 9.China,Australia and the United States are the only nations to win the event at the Games since its Olympic debut in 1996.________________ 10.The real challenge comes right after their breakout debut performances at the Olympics.________________ 11.The children are playing in the park.________________ 12.There are all kinds of after‑school clubs in our school.________________ 第 1 页 共 15 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $