Unit 1 Back to school Grammar and usage 句子成分和简单句导学案-2026-2027学年高中英语译林版（2020）必修第一册

该高中英语导学案聚焦必修一Unit1语法，核心涵盖句子成分（主语、谓语等八大成分）与英语基本句型（主谓、主谓宾等七种），通过词性分类导入，以知识梳理与例题精讲为支架，构建从词到句的递进式学习脉络。 资料亮点在于例题与练习深度结合，助力学生夯实语言能力，难点如动名词与现在分词辨析培养思维品质，分层设计的课堂及课后练习有效发展学习能力，体现“学练结合”的学科特色学习方法。

必修一语法合集 Unit1语法 句子成分与五大基本句型 1． 词性 句子都是由单词组成的。英语单词根据词类或词性(Parts of Speech)可分为：实词：名词 Noun，代词 Pronoun，动词 Verb，形容词 Adjective，副词 Adverb，数词 Numeral和虚词：冠词 Article，介词 Preposition，连词 Conjunction，感叹词 Interjection 2． 句子成分 在英文中句子成分包括：主语(Subject) ，谓语(Verb)，宾语(Object：间接宾语Indirect Object, 直接宾语Direct Object)，定语(Attribute)，状语(Adverbial) ，宾语补足语(Object Complement) ，表语(Predicative) ，同位语(Appositive)。 【知识梳理 1】主语 主语是动作的执行者或发出者。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或从句来充当。一般在句首。 【例题精讲】 例 1. Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） 例 2. He reads newspapers every day. ______________________ 例 3. Smoking is harmful to the health. ______________________ 例 4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.______________________ 例 5. What we should do is not yet decided. ______________________ 例 6. It’s necessary for students themselves to improve their writing skills._________ 【知识梳理 2】谓语 说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。位于主语后面。 拓展：系动词(6大类别） 状态系动词：用来表示主语状态的只有be动词 感官系动词：主要有feel、smell、sound、taste...... 表象系动词：表示外观的概念主要有seem、appear、 终止系动词：表示主语结束了动作，主要有prove、turn out....表示“证实”、“成为”的意思。 持续系动词：用来表示主语继续或维持某种情况或态度，主要有keep、remain、stay.... 变化系动词：表示主语是怎样的，主要有become、grow、turn、fall、get、go...... 【例题精讲】 例 1. His parents are teachers.（系动词作谓语） 例 2. We study hard.______________________ 例 3. We don’t finish reading the book.______________________ 例 4. He can speak English.______________________ 【知识梳理 3】宾语 宾语是动作、行为的承受者，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或从句来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 【例题精讲】 例 1. She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） 例 2. We often help him.______________________ 例 3. He likes to play basketball.______________________ 例 4. We enjoy listening to the music. ______________________ 例 5. She says（that）she is ill.______________________ 例 6.Some students find it not easy to understand English grammar______________ 【知识梳理 4】宾语补足语 在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。 【例题精讲】 例 1. We made the charity show a success. （名词作宾补） 例 2. They make her happy.______________________ 例 3. Please let him in.______________________ 例 4. We found everything in good condition. ______________________ 例 5. I see her dance.______________________ 例 6. We’ll help you to make the Olympics a success.______________________ 例 7. We heard her singing a song.______________________ 【知识梳理 5】表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式及某些分词或从句来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 【例题精讲】 例 1. I am a teacher.（名词作表语） 例 2. He is always happy.______________________ 例 3. I am here.______________________ 例 4. They are on the playground now.______________________ 例 5. My dream is to be a doctor.______________________ 例 6. The reason for the missing the first bus is that he got up too late this morning.__________________ 例 7. The films were boring yesterday.______________________ 难点拓展：动名词VS现在分词 虽然现在分词与动名词的格式完全相同，但它们在句子中的作用却是有明显的区别的。 动名词相当于名词，所以在句子中可以充当的成分与名词类似，即主要充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。而现在分词的作用类似于副词和形容词，在句子主要充当状语、定语、补语、表语等。 Hearing the noise, they immediately stopped talking. 一听到有声音，他们立刻就停止谈话。(现在分词作状语) He asked an embarrassing question. 他提了一个令人难堪的问题。(现在分词作定语) Growing roses is her hobby. 种玫瑰是她的爱好。_________________ She likes talking very much. 她很喜欢讲话。 _________________ 【知识梳理 6】定语 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的词。由形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式、分词、介词短语或从句等来担任。单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。 【例题精讲】 例 1. The black bike is mine.（形容词作定语） 例 2. What’s your name?______________________ 例 3. There are four apples on the table.______________________ 例 4. They make paper flowers.______________________ 例 5. The girl in white is my sister._____________________ 例 6. He has something to do. ______________________ 例 7. The film directed by Zhang Yimou is very interesting._____________________ 例 8. The book which is written by Mo Yan is very famous now._________________ 【知识梳理 7】状语 状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或从句来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。 【例题精讲】 例 1. He did it carefully.（方式副词作状语） 例 2.We often help him.______________________ 例 3. Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.____________________ 例 4. He sits there.______________________ 例 5. He works hard in order to make much more money. ___________________ 例 6. When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher._____________________ 【知识梳理 8】同位语 定义：对 n.或 pron.进行补充说明或进一步解释说明举例： We young people should respect the old. He himself will do the experiment. He told me the news that our team won the game. 标出下列句子中的同位语或同位语从句： The question who will take his place is still not clear. I have no idea when he will be back. The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. I’m Li Hua, a middle school student from China. I hold the opinion that we should go to help them (to) overcome the present difficulty. 课堂练习：写出下列划线部分的成分 1. Stephen plans to work harder in his study._______________ 2. Senior high school brings a lot of new experiences to everyone._____________ 3. The possibilities are endless. _____________ 4. To fully realize their potential, it is important for students to make the most of school resources. _____________ 5. you must make efforts to improve your communication and problem-solving skills._____________ 6. Miss Yan gave a short speech about the importance of setting goals. ___________ 7. We are glad at the news that he will come. _____________ 8. We think these tasks challenging. _____________ 9. Wendy feels a bit nervous. _____________ 10. By setting goals now, you are deciding what you want to achieve in the future._____________ 11. Always look on the bright side and never lose hope, even in difficult situations. _____________ 12. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.____________ 2． 英语句子的基本结构 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。（口头先简单复习一下并列句和主从复合句, 后面讲义会详讲） 一．简单句 指有一个主语和一个谓语动词，但可以有几个宾语，定语或状语的句子。以下是五种基本句型 句型 例句 1、主谓(SV) The moon rose. 2、主谓状(SVA) The time passed quickly. 3、主谓宾(SVO) Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主谓宾状(SVOA) We planted many trees in our hometown 5、主谓双宾语(SVIODO) Mr.Li told us an interesting story. 6.主谓宾宾补(SVOC) The teacher asked us to answer the question. 7.主系表(SVP) Leaves turn yellow 课堂练习。 Albert Einstein said,"lf you want to live a happy life, tie it to a goal.”(1)I agree. Goals are important in many ways.(2) Setting goals gives you a focus in life,By setting goals now, you are deciding what you want to achieve in the future.Then you know where you are going in life and can work hard to get there. Setting goals also helps you develop good habits.To realize your goals you need to have a good plan, manage your time well and pay attention to details.(3)These habits will be helpful.Finally,(4) setting goals makes you more confident.When you achieve a goal, you see the result of your hard work and know how much progress you have made. A goal is a dream that needs action.As a result of your action, your dream will come true and hopefully (5) you will live a happy life. Subject Verb I agree Subject Verb Predicative Subject Verb Object Subject Verb Indirect object Direct object Subject Verb Object Object complement 课后练习： 1．　 分析划线处的句子成分。 1. It will be held in the school lecture hall from 3 p. m. to 5 p. m. next Friday. 2. Our hard work will finally be rewarded. 3. I won first prize in the English Speech Competition last year. 4. I find my room clean and tidy. 5. I would like to give you some suggestions. 6. They should make use of their spare time to taste these wonderful works carefully. 7. We do sincerely hope that your health will improve soon. 8. The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital. 9. What you said just now didn’t make me happy. 10. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 11. Hearing what he said, everybody laughed. 12. Most students in my class like playing chess. 13. His being late made the teacher very angry. 14. The book lying on the desk is on American history. 15. There are many kinds of TV sets on sale in that store. 16. This bed seems hard. 17. He managed to finish the work in time. 18. He found it important to master English. __________ 19. Do you have anything else to say? __________ 20. He sat there, reading a newspaper. __________ 21. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. __________ 22. He noticed a man enter the room. __________ 23. The apples tasted sweet. __________ . 二．指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型 1．I will spend the summer holidays in the countryside. 2．All this will be interesting and good. 3．In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life. 4．I can hear birds singing in the green trees. 5．The best fish swim near the bottom. 6．My father bought me a new bicycle. 7．The whole class laughed. 三．给划线的句子选出正确的结构(SV SVP SVO SVOO SVA SVOC SVOA） Setting goals is the first step in achieving them(1)The tips below may help you. Set goals that can be achieved.Don't push yourself to achieve more than what is possible. Instead,you should set goals based on your abilities and skills Break big goals down into small ones.When you do so,(2) they will seem easier to reach. You will be proud of yourself when you realize each small goal(3)This will also give you the encouragement to achieve your long-term goal. Write your goals on paper. It is a good idea to put your goals where you can see them.(4) You can place the list on your bedside table. Or you can stick it on your bedroom wall.This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused. After you set a goal,it is important to stick to it and work hard towards it.(5)You may find achieving goals difficult. But(6)you should not give up.Instead, stay positive and confident.(7)You will succeed in the end. 四．语法填空 I ____36____ (graduate) from junior middle school soon, and my goal is to go to the key senior high school. Although I am facing many ____37____ (challenge), I am full of ____38____ (confident) and I am sure I can rise ____39____ any difficulties. I must have positive thinking and attitudes. I believe the human potential is ____40____ (end). I will take advantage of all kinds of opportunities to review my lessons, and make the most of various hearing facilities and resources. In a word, I must make efforts ____41____ (improve) my ability to take the examinations. ____42____ I attend senior high school in the future, I will become both ____43____ (depend) and responsible. I will be equal to my high school studies, develop my individual character and acquire well-rounded and balanced development in my school life. Believe it or not, my advance in studies will be ____44____ (amaze). The path ahead is full of twists and turns. However, there are both challenges and opportunities for me. I’m looking forward to this day. Last but not least, success lies in effort as long as I work hard, and I believe I can make _____45_____ difference. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $必修一语法合集 Unit1语法句子成分与五大基本句型 一.词性 句子都是由单词组成的。英语单词根据词类或词性(Parts of Speech)可分为：实词： 名词Nou,代词Pronoun,.动词Verb,形容词Adjective,副词Adverb,数词 Numeral和虚词：冠词Article,介词Preposition,连词Conjunction,感叹词 Interjection 二.句子成分 在英文中句子成分包括：主语(Subject),谓语(Verb),宾语(Object:间接宾语 Indirect Object,直接宾语Direct Object),定语(Attribute),状语(Adverbial),宾 语补足语(Object Complement),表语(Predicative),同位语(Appositive)。 【知识梳理1】主语 主语是动作的执行者或发出者。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、 短语或从句来充当。一般在句首。 【例题精讲】 1.Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语) 2.He reads newspapers every day (代词作主语) 3.Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语) 例4.To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语) 例5.What we should do is not yet decided.(从句作主语) 例6.It's necessary for students themselves to improve their writing skills.(it做形式 主语，不定式作主语) 【知识梳理2】谓语 说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或怎么样”。谓语必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称 和数两方面必须一致。位于主语后面。 拓展：系动词(6大类别) 状态系动词：用来表示主语状态的只有be动词 感官系动词：主要有feel、smell、sound、taste. 表象系动词：表示外观的概念主要有seem、appear、 终止系动词：表示主语结束了动作，主要有prove、tun out.表示证实”、“成为” 的意思。 持续系动词：用来表示主语继续或维持某种情况或态度，主要有keep、remain、 stay.... 变化系动词：表示主语是怎样的，主要有become、gow、m、fall、get、go 【例题精讲】 1.His parents are teachers （系动词作谓语) 例2.We study hard.（行为动词作谓语) 例3.We don't finish reading the book.（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语) 4.He can speak English (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语) 【知识梳理3】宾语 宾语是动作、行为的承受者，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或 从句来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 【例题精讲】 例l.She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语) 例2.We often help him.（代词作宾语) 例3.He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语) 例4.We enjoy listening to the music..我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语） 例5.She says(that)she is ill.（从句作动词宾语) 例6.Some students find it not easy to understand English grammar(it做形式宾语， 不定式作宾语) 【知识梳理4】宾语补足语 在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语。名词、 形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。 【例题精讲】 例1.We made the charity show a success..（名词作宾补) 例2.They make her happy.（形容词作宾补) 例3.Please let him in.（副词作宾补) 例4.We found everything in good condition.(介词短语作宾补) 例5.I see her dance.（省略to的不定式作宾补) 例6.We'll help you to make the Olympics a success.(带to的动词不定式短语作 宾补) 例7.We heard her singing a song.（分词短语作宾补) 【知识梳理5】表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定 式及某些分词或从句来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 【例题精讲】 例l.I am a teacher..(名词作表语) 例2.He is always happy.(形容词作表语) 例3.I am here.(副词作表语) 4.Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great impo1 tance.（介词短语作表语) 例5.My dream is to be a doctor.(不定式作表语) 6.The reason for the missing the first bus is that he got up too late this morning(从句作表语)， 例7.The films were boring yesterday.(分词作表语) 难点拓展：动名词VS现在分词 虽然现在分词与动名词的格式完全相同，但它们在句子中的作用却是有明显的区 别的。 动名词相当于名词，所以在句子中可以充当的成分与名词类似，即主要充当主语、 宾语、表语等成分。而现在分词的作用类似于副词和形容词，在句子主要充当状 语、定语、补语、表语等。 Hearing the noise,they immediately stopped talking.一听到有声音，他们立刻就停 止谈话。（现在分词作状语） He asked an embarrassing question.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。（现在分词作定 语) Growing roses is her hobby.种玫瑰是她的爱好。（动名词作主语） She likes talking very much.她很喜欢讲话。（动名词作宾语） 【知识梳理6】定语 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的词。由形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不 定式、分词、介词短语或从句等来担任。单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的 名词之前。 【例题精讲】 例l.The black bike is mine.(形容词作定语) 例2.What's your name?(代词作定语) 例3.There are four apples on the table.(数词作定语) 例4.They make paper flowers.(名词作定语) 例5.The girl in white is my sister..(介词短语作定语) 例6.He has something to do.（不定式作定语) 例7.The film directed by Zhang Yimou is very interesting.(分词作定语) 例8.The book which is written by Mo Yan is very famous now.(从句作定语) 【知识梳理7】状语 状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目 的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或从句来表示。状语一 般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。 【例题精讲】 例l.Ie did it carefully.（方式副词作状语) 例2.We often help him.(频率副词作状语) 例3.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.(介词短语作状语) 例4.He sits there.(地点副词作状语) 例5.He works hard in order to make much more money.(不定式作状语) 例6.When I grow up,I am going to be a teacher.（从句作状语) 【知识梳理8】同位语 定义：对n.或pron.进行补充说明或进一步解释说明举例： We young people should respect the old He himself will do the experiment. He told me the news that our team won the game. 标出下列句子中的同位语或同位语从句： The question who will take his place is still not clear I have no idea when he will be back. The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. I'm Li Hua,a middle school student from China I hold the opinion that we should go to help them (to)overcome the present difficulty. 课堂练习：写出下列划线部分的成分 1.Stephen plans to work harder in his study.宾语 2.Senior high school brings a lot of new experiences to everyone. 3.The possibilities are endless.表语 4.To fully realize their potential,it is important for students to make the most of school resources..状语 5.you must make efforts to improve your communication and problem-solving skills.谓语 6.Miss Yan gave a short speech about the importance of setting goals. 7.We are glad at the news that he will come.同位语 8.We think these tasks challenging.宾语补足语 9.Wendy feels a bit nervous.状语 10.By setting goals now,you are deciding what you want to achieve in the future. 语（从句） 11.Always look on the bright side and never lose hope,even in difficult situations 状语 l2.Road accidents,which had fallen for years,are now rising sharply.定语（从句) 二。英语句子的基本结构 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。 掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。（口头先简单复习一下 并列句和主从复合句，后面讲义会详讲) 一.简单句 指有一个主语和一个谓语动词，但可以有几个宾语，定语或状语的句子。以下是 7种基本句型 同型 例句 1、主谓(SV) The moon rose. 2、主谓状(SVA) The time passed quickly. B、主谓宾(SVO) Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主谓宾状(SVOA) We planted many trees in our hometown 5、主谓双宾语(SVIODO) Mr.Li told us an interesting story. 6.主谓宾宾补(SVOC) The teacher asked us to answer the question. 7.主系表(SVP) Leaves turn yellow 课堂练习。 Albert Einstein said,"If you want to live a happy life,tie it to a goal."(1)I agree. Goals are important in many ways.(2)Setting goals gives you a focus in life,By setting goals now,you are deciding what you want to achieve in the future.Then you know where you are going in life and can work hard to get there.Setting goals also helps you develop good habits.To realize your goals you need to have a good plan, manage your time well and pay attention to details.(3)These habits will be helpful.Finally,(4)setting goals makes you more confident When you achieve a goal, you see the result of your hard work and know how much progress you have made.A goal is a dream that needs action.As a result of your action,your dream will come true and hopefully (5)you will live a happy life. Subject Verb I agree Subject Verb Predicative Subject Verb Object Subject Verb Indirect object Direct object Subject Verb Object Object complement Subject Verb Predicative These habits will be helpful Subject Verb Object You will live a happy life Subject Verb Indirect object Direct object Setting goals gives you a focus in life Subject Verb Object Object complement Setting goals makes you more confident 课后练习 一 分析划线处的句子成分。 1.It will be held in the school lecture hall from 3 p.m.to 5 p.m.next Friday. 2.Our hard work will finally be rewarded. 3.I won first prize in the English Speech Competition last year. 4.I find my room clean and tidy. 5.I would like to give you some suggestions. 6.They should make use of their spare time to taste these wonderful works carefully. 7.We do sincerely hope that your health will improve soon. 8.The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital. 9.What you said just now didn't make me happy. 10.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 11.Hearing what he said,everybody laughed. 12.Most students in my class like playing chess. 13.His being late made the teacher very angry. 14.The book lying on the desk is on American history. 15.There are many kinds ofTV sets on sale in that store 16.This bed seems hard. 17.He managed to finish the work in time. 18.He found it important to master English. 19.Do you have anything else to say? 20.He sat there,reading a newspaper. 21.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 22.He noticed a man enter the room. 23.The apples tasted sweet. 【答案】 1.状语 2.主语3.宾语4.宾语补足语 5.直接宾语 6.状语 7.宾语从句8.表语从句9.主语从句10.形式主语，真正的主语11.状 语，谓语12.宾语13.宾语补足语14.定语：表语 15.主语 16.表 语 17.谓语，宾语18.形式宾语，真正宾语 19.宾语，定语 20.状 语，状语 21形式主语，表语，宾补 22宾补23表语 二.指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型 1.I will spend the summer holidays in the countryside. SVOA 2.All this will be interesting and good SVP 3.In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life SVOA 4.I can hear birds singing in the green trees svoc 5.The best fish swim near the bottom SVA 6.My father bought me a new bicycle. SVIODO 7.The whole class laughed. SV 三.给划线的句子选出正确的结构(SV SVP SVO SVOO SVA SVOC SVOA) Setting goals is the first step in achieving them(1)The tips below may help you. Set goals that can be achieved.Don't push yourself to achieve more than what is possible.Instead,you should set goals based on your abilities and skills Break big goals down into small ones.When you do so.(2)they will seem easier to reach.You will be proud of yourself when you realize each small goal(3)This will also give you the encouragement to achieve your long-term goal.Write your goals on paper.It is a good idea to put your goals where you can see them.(4)You can place the list on your bedside table.Or you can stick it on your bedroom wall.This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused. After you set a goal,it is important to stick to it and work hard towards it.(5)You may find achieving goals difficult.But(6you should not give up.Instead,stay positive and confident.(7)You will succeed in the end SVO;SVP;SVOO;SVOA;SVOC;SV;SVA 四.语法填空 I 36 (graduate)from junior middle school soon,and my goal is to go to the key senior high school.Although I am facing many 37 (challenge),I am full of 38 (confident)and I am sure I can rise 39 any difficulties.I must have positive thinking and attitudes.I believe the human potential is 40 (end).I will take advantage of all kinds of opportunities to review my lessons,and make the most of various hearing facilities and resources.In a word,I must make efforts 41(improve)my ability to take the examinations. 42 I attend senior high school in the future,I will become both 43 (depend)and responsible.I will be equal to my high school studies,develop my individual character and acquire well-rounded and balanced development in my school life.Believe it or not,my advance in studies will be 44 (amaze).The path ahead is full of twists and turns.However,there are both challenges and opportunities for me.I'm looking forward to this day.Last but not least,success lies in effort as long as I work hard,and I believe I can make 45 difference. 【答案】36.will graduate 37.challenges 38.confidence 39.to 40.endless 41.to improve 42.When 43.independent 44.amazing 45.a 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者很快就要初中毕业了，以及对高中生 活学习的打算和计划。 【36题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：我很快就要初中毕业了，我的目标是上重点高中。根据句 意以及该句中的y goal is to.”可知，此处应表示将来发生的动作，应为一般将 来时。故填will graduate。 【37题详解】 考查名词复数形式。句意：虽然我面临着许多挑战，但我充满信心，我相信我能 克服任何困难。分析句子可知，此处应为名词形式作face的宾语成分，结合空 前many可知，此处为名词复数形式。故填challenges。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：虽然我面临着许多挑战，但我充满信心，我相信我能克服任何 困难。由空前be full of可知，此处为名词形式，be full of sth意为充满着...”。 故填confidence. 【39题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：虽然我面临着许多挑战，但我充满信心，我相信我能克服 任何困难。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语i$eto“克服困难”，满足句意要求。 故填to。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我相信人类的潜力是无穷无尽的。根据句意以及空前s系 动词可知，此处为形容词endless表示无止境的”作表语，满足句意要求。故填 endless。 【41题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：总之，我必须努力提高我参加考试的能力。分析句子可 知，此处为动词短语make efforts to do努力做某事”，所以此处为动词不定式形 式。故填to improve。 【42题详解】 考查连词。句意：当我将来上高中的时候，我将变得既独立又负责。根据句意可 知，此处为连词when表示当..时候”引导时间状语从句，满足句意要求。故 填When。 【43题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当我将来上高中的时候，我将变得既独立又负责。由ad连 接的responsible为形容词可知，此处也应为形容词形式，为independent独立的% 作句子的表语成分，满足句意要求。故填independent。. 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：信不信由你，我在学习上的进步将是惊人的。根据句意以及 空前be系动词可知，此处为形容词amazing“令人惊讶的”作表语，修饰my advance(指事物，满足句意要求。故填amazing。 【45题详解】 考查冠词。句意：最后但并非最不重要的是，成功在于努力，只要我努力工作， 我相信我能有所作为。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语make a difference有所作 为”，满足句意要求，所以此处为冠词a的填入。故填a。