专题03 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，河南专用）高一英语上学期

**基本信息** 该试卷为高一上学期期中英语阅读理解（说明文）试题汇编，精选河南多所高中期中真题，涵盖人与社会、自我、自然三大主题，以科技前沿（如数字孪生黄河）、社会热点（运动与大脑发展）等真实情境为载体，设置细节理解、推理判断等梯度问题，考查语言能力与思维品质。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（说明文）|多篇，每篇4小题|细节理解（如“beef up”词义）、推理判断（自然光线对生物钟影响）、主旨大意（最佳标题）|情境时代性（AI检测滑坡、再生旅游）；问题层次性（基础到创新）；来源地域性（河南多校期中真题）|

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高一上·河南豫北民办高中·期中）Are you preparing for a big test? If so, you may want to play some basketball in between hitting the books. Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development. Judy Cameron, a scientist at Oregon Health and Science University, studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels (管) , including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better. As she says, “While we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can really cause physical changes in the brain.” The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies who do activities that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active. With babies, even a little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes, a pediatrician (儿科医生) , believes in the importance of exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in elementary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies. “Babies need movement that stimulates (激发) their five senses. They need to establish a connection between motion and memory. In this way, as they get older, children will begin to link physical activity with higher learning,” says Margaret. Older people can beef up their brains as well. Scientists from 11 universities studied a group of seniors ranging in age from seventy to seventy-nine. Their study showed a short-term memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week. The exercise does not have to be very difficult, but it does have to increase the heart rate. Also, just like the motion for infants (婴儿) , exercise for older people should involve some complexity (复杂性) . Learning some new skills or motions, such as with yoga or tai-chi, helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time. For most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main goal is to increase the brain’s flow of blood. And your brain can benefit from as little as three hours of exercise a week. 1.According to the reading, what is the connection between exercise and brain development? A. Exercise makes us stupid. B. The brain needs special mental exercise. C. The more exercise, the bigger the brain. D. Physical exercise helps us think better. 2.According to the passage, what does the underlined phrase “beef up” mean in paragraph 3? A. weaken B. strengthen C. examine D. damage 3.Why does the author think that yoga is fit for seniors? A. It is easy to learn. B. It can be done in groups. C. It does not increase the heart rate. D. It includes learning new motions. 4.What is the best title of this passage? A. How to exercise B. How the brain can change C. How exercise helps the brain D. How to get good scores on a test 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了运动对大脑发展的益处，包括不同年龄段人群的相关研究及建议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels (管), including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better.(根据她的研究，运动似乎可以使包括大脑内的血管更强壮，发育更完全。卡梅伦博士称，这能让运动的人更好地集中注意力。)”可知，运动有助于我们更好地思考。故选D。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Their study showed a short-term memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week.(他们的研究表明，每周锻炼三小时后，短期记忆可提高40%。)”以及“Scientists from 11 universities studied a group of seniors ranging in age from seventy to seventy-nine.(来自11所大学的科学家研究了一组年龄在70到79岁之间的老年人。)”可知，本段主要讲的是运动对老年人的好处，“Older people can beef up their brains as well.(老年人也可以beef up他们的大脑。)”可知，老年人通过锻炼，也可以加强他们的大脑，beef up意为“加强，增强”，与strengthen意思相近。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Also, just like the motion for infants (婴儿), exercise for older people should involve some complexity (复杂性). Learning some new skills or motions, such as with yoga or tai-chi, helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time.(此外，就像婴儿的运动一样，老年人的运动也应该包含一些复杂性。学习一些新的技能或动作，比如瑜伽或太极，有助于打开大脑中可能很久没有使用过的记忆路径。)”可知，作者认为瑜伽适合老年人是因为它包括学习新的动作。故选D。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development.(医生们开始发现越来越多的信息表明运动和大脑发育之间存在联系。)”以及下文对运动对不同年龄段人群大脑发展的益处的介绍可知，本文主要讲的是运动如何帮助大脑。因此，C选项“How exercise helps the brain(运动如何帮助大脑)”最适合作本文标题。故选C。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·河南南阳第一中学校-12月·期中）Have you wondered how your body knows when to wake up or why you need to go to the toilet less at night? Circadian rhythms use the sun to help your body to run on time. “Circadian rhythms” is another name for body clocks. They are controlled by a small part of the brain called the hypothalamus (下丘脑) and they let the body know when to do things like eat, sleep and go to the toilet. Circadian rhythms repeat every 24 hours and almost every living thing has them. They tell animals the best time to hunt, for example, and plants when to flower. Circadian rhythms are influenced by light. When the sun shines through the window in the morning your body clock tells you it’s time to wake up. When it’s dark your body feels sleepy. Good-quality sleep lets your brain recharge and replace important hormones (荷尔蒙) to keep you healthy. Not listening to your body clock, such as going to bed late, can mess with your sleep cycle and make you feel tired and easy to get angry the next day. Circadian rhythms also affect energy, digestion (消化) and body temperature. In fact, scientists have found that they help our whole body run smoothly. Swathi Yadlapalli is a scientist who studies how people grow and develop. She says, “Almost every part in the human body has a circadian clock.” Circadian rhythms are written into people’s genes (基因), which are the body's instructions for how to develop and grow. We can’t change them but we can listen to what they are telling us. The Sleep Charity, which helps people to sleep better, recommends sticking to regular sleep patterns. So whether you are used to staying up late, or getting up early, try going to bed and getting up at the same time every day. It also suggests getting lots of natural light in the morning. Even if the sky is cloudy and grey, the natural light can reset your body clock and make you feel more awake. 1.Which part of the brain controls circadian rhythms? A. The hormone system. B. The hypothalamus. C. The digestive system. D. The gene center. 2.What is the function of circadian rhythms? A. They help plants get sunlight more easily. B. They regulate the hypothalamus to work faster. C. They control the movement of main parts in the body. D. They tell living things when to perform certain activities. 3.What can be inferred about natural light? A. It makes people feel sleepy at night. B. It has no effect on hormone production. C. It sometimes influences circadian rhythms greatly. D. It helps reset the body clock even on cloudy days. 4.What does the author suggest doing? A. Stopping staying up too late. B. Getting up early the next day. C. Having a fixed sleep routine daily. D. Listening to music before sleeping. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了昼夜节律的控制部位、功能、影响因素以及遵循它的建议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They are controlled by a small part of the brain called the hypothalamus and they let the body when to do things like eat, sleep and go to the toilet.(它们由大脑中一个名为下丘脑的小部分控制，让身体知道何时该进行进食、睡觉、上厕所等活动)”可知，控制昼夜节律的是大脑中的下丘脑。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They tell animals the best time to hunt, for example, and plants when to flower.(例如，它们会告诉动物最佳的捕猎时间，告诉植物何时开花)”可知，昼夜节律的作用是告知生物何时进行特定活动。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Even if the sky is cloudy and grey, the natural light can reset your body clock and make you feel more awake.(即使天空阴沉多云，自然光也能重置你的生物钟，让你感觉更清醒)”可知，即使在阴天，自然光依然能发挥重置生物钟的作用，由此可推断自然光有时对昼夜节律影响很大。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The Sleep Charity, which helps people to sleep better, recommends sticking to regular sleep patterns. So whether you are used to staying up late, or getting up early, try going to bed and getting up at the same time every day.(致力于帮助人们改善睡眠的睡眠慈善机构建议保持规律的睡眠模式。所以无论你习惯熬夜还是早起，都尝试每天在同一时间睡觉和起床吧)”可知，作者建议人们养成每天固定的睡眠习惯。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·河南实验中学·期中）The Yellow River is the cradle of China’s civilization. And flood control and prevention have always been key to the well-being of the people living along it. Now, scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin. The digital twin of the Yellow River uses various technologies, including big data, artificial intelligence, and the internet of things. Devices (设备) set up along the river collect and transmit information to the center. Based on the information, a 3D model of the river is presented on the computer screen. It’s like the Yellow River has a twin that reflects its real conditions. One big breakthrough in the river’s digital governance is “smart stones”. According to Wang Qin, a lead researcher at the Information Center of Yellow River Henan Bureau, a smart stone is a water-proof stone-shaped device with chips, a battery, and a signal transmitter. They are buried in important dike (堤坝) locations to record and report the movement of dike stones. “Upon feeling movement of the dike stones, the smart stone sends an alarm to the center for quick response,” Wang said. “In the past, researchers had to learn the conditions of the dike on the spot by themselves, putting their lives at risk,” said Zhao Xiao from the bureau. “Now the smart stones can do this for us, more safely, quickly, and accurately.” And in the sky, drones (无人机) are flying. On the routes designed by engineers, the drones become expert patrollers (巡逻员) of the river, looking at its dikes and flood prevention projects. According to Shen Lin from the Yellow River Conservancy Commission, thanks to the drones, researchers at the command center can get first-hand photos and information. “Researchers then update the 3D model according to the changes the drones reported. The newly updated model helps us test our floodwater release plans in case we ever need to batten down the hatches (未雨绸缪),” said Shen. Under the water and up in the sky, intelligence systems are helping to protect the Yellow River Basin on all fronts. According to the Ministry of Water Resources, in the future, we can expect to see the construction of an even more comprehensive digital system for this important river. 1.What is the main purpose of creating a digital twin of the Yellow River? A. To do historical research. B. To create a virtual tourist attraction. C. To raise public awareness of river protection. D. To improve flood control and prevention efforts. 2.How do the smart stones help with the river’s digital governance? A. They record water quality. B. They improve the river’s beauty. C. They monitor and report dike movements. D. They serve as markers for important locations. 3.What is one of the functions of drones in the digital governance of the Yellow River? A. Attracting tourists. B. Giving warning of coming floods. C. Testing water quality. D. Collecting information on dike conditions. 4.What does the underlined word “comprehensive” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Complete. B. Basic. C. Beautiful. D. Natural. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黄河数字孪生体的创建目的、运行方式和发展。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“And flood control and prevention have always been key to the well-being of the people living along it. Now, scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin. (洪水的控制和预防一直是生活在这条河上的人们幸福生活的关键。现在，科学家们可以通过给河流一个数字孪生体来更好地解决这些问题)”可知，创建黄河数字孪生体的主要目的是加强防洪工作。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“They are buried in important dike (堤坝) locations to record and report the movement of dike stones. (它们被埋在重要的堤坝上，以记录和报告堤坝石块的运动)”可知，智能石头监测和报告堤防的运动。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“On the routes designed by engineers, the drones become expert patrollers (巡逻员) of the river, looking at its dikes and flood prevention projects. (在工程师设计的路线上，无人机成为河流的专业巡逻员，监视河堤和防洪工程)”可知，无人机在黄河数字化治理中的作用之一是收集堤防状况信息。故选D。 (4)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Under the water and up in the sky, intelligence systems are helping to protect the Yellow River Basin on all fronts. According to the Ministry of Water Resources, in the future, we can expect to see the construction (水下和空中，智能化系统正在帮助保护黄河流域的各个方面。根据水利部的说法，在未来，我们可以期待看到这条重要河流的建设)”可知，水下和空中，智能化系统正在帮助保护黄河流域的各个方面，希望在未来，可以看到这条重要河流的更全面的数字系统的建设。由此猜测，划线词意为“全面的”。A. Complete完整的，全面的；B. Basic基础的；C. Beautiful美丽的；D. Natural自然的。故选A。 Passage 3 （2026·河南新未来大联考·期中）Listening to music can make you feel less sick when in a moving car, according to new research — but it depends on the type of song you play. Motion (运动) sickness is feeling sick or like you want to throw up, often when you’re travelling by car, boat, plane or train. Other movement can cause it too. About one in three people are very likely to get motion sickness but almost everyone gets motion sickness if the movement is strong enough. Children between the ages of two and 12 are more likely to feel ill than adults but no one knows why some people struggle (挣扎) with it their whole lives and others don’t. People get motion sickness because their senses are sending different messages to their brains. In a moving car, for example, your eyes tell your brain you’re moving because objects are moving past, but the deep part in your ear (which helps keep you from shaking) tells it you’re sitting still. This can make you feel ill. Led by a brain expert Yilun Li at the Henan Institute of Science and Technology in China, a study chose 30 volunteers, all of whom often got motion sickness. The volunteers were set up with tools so that they felt like they were in a car, and small sensors (传感器) were stuck to their heads to record electrical activity in their brains. Using the sensors, the researchers could watch the volunteers’ brain activity and find when they were motion sick and when they were feeling better. The team divided the volunteers into six groups. Four groups listened to music after a drive that made them feel sick; one group didn’t listen to anything and instead tried to calm themselves with deep thought for one minute; and the other group’s “drive” ended before they started feeling sick. The results showed that happy music helped with motion sickness symptoms (症状) than anything else. Soft music was a close second, followed by passionate (激情的) music. However, sad music actually slowed down recovery. Even people who listened to nothing felt better sooner than those who listened to sad music. The researchers think that personalized music playlists could be the secret to helping people beat motion sickness. It’s certainly worth a try. 1.What causes motion sickness according to the text? A. Travelling alone at a very young age. B. Listening to sad music during travel. C. The long movement of the transport. D. Different messages from senses to the brain. 2.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A. Why music influences the brain. B. The history of motion sickness. C. How the study was carried out. D. Volunteers’ feelings after the test. 3.What music is the most useful in lessening motion sickness? A. Sad music. B. Happy music. C. Soft music. D. Passionate music. 4.What is the researchers’ attitude to using personalized music playlists to address motion sickness? A. Supportive. B. Doubtful. C. Uninterested. D. Worried. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一项新研究发现听音乐可缓解晕车不适，且效果因音乐类型而异，同时说明晕车成因及研究过程。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“People get motion sickness because their senses are sending different messages to their brains.(人们会晕车是因为他们的感官向大脑发送了不同的信息。)”可知，晕车的原因是感官向大脑传递了不一致的信息。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Led by a brain expert Yilun Li at the Henan Institute of Science and Technology in China, a study chose 30 volunteers, all of whom often got motion sickness. The volunteers were set up with tools so that they felt like they were in a car, and small sensors(传感器) were stuck to their heads to record electrical activity in their brains. Using the sensors, the researchers could watch the volunteers’ brain activity and find when they were motion sick and when they were feeling better. The team divided the volunteers into six groups. Four groups listened to music after a drive that made them feel sick; one group didn’t listen to anything and instead tried to calm themselves with deep thought for one minute; and the other group’s “drive” ended before they started feeling sick.(这项研究由中国河南科技学院的脑科学专家李逸伦主导，选取了 30 名经常晕车的志愿者。研究人员为志愿者配备了模拟乘车体验的设备，同时在他们头部贴上小型传感器，用以记录大脑的电活动。借助这些传感器，研究人员能够观察志愿者的大脑活动，判断他们何时出现晕车症状、何时感觉好转。研究团队将志愿者分为六组：其中四组在模拟乘车导致晕车后听音乐；一组不听任何声音，而是通过一分钟的沉思来平复情绪；另一组则在出现晕车感之前就结束了 “模拟乘车”)”可知，第四段详细介绍了研究的主导者、志愿者选择标准、实验设备安装、分组情况及各组的实验处理方式，核心是说明这项研究是如何开展的。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段“The results showed that happy music helped with motion sickness symptoms (症状) than anything else.(结果表明，欢快的音乐比其他任何东西都更能缓解晕车症状。)”可知，欢快的音乐在减轻晕车不适方面最有效。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The researchers think that personalized music playlists could be the secret to helping people beat motion sickness. It’s certainly worth a try.(研究人员认为，个性化音乐播放列表可能是帮助人们克服晕车的秘诀。这当然值得一试。)”可知，研究人员对使用个性化音乐播放列表缓解晕车持支持态度。故选A项。 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·河南·期中）When you have trouble sleeping, you might try different things to help. One unique but effective option that’s gaining popularity is using weighted blankets (毯子). This can help you relax. It’s a simple way to reduce anxiety and sleep better, and many people are finding it. About 32% of Americans don’t get the recommended amount of sleep, which is at least 7 hours a night, according to experts. Sleep troubles affect as many as 35% of adults occasionally, with 10% facing chronic (长期的) challenges in falling and staying asleep. Weighted blankets function similarly to swaddling (包裹) a baby, providing a comforting feeling. Using a weighted blanket helps your heart, your breath and your body give off feel-good hormones (激素). This, in turn, reduces anxiety and contributes to a more peaceful sleep. The weight of these blankets ranges from 5 to 30 pounds, which sounds like a lot but is spread out over the entire bed, making it manageable and comfortable. In 2020, eight studies found that weighted blankets had a calming effect on individuals. That same year, a study in Sweden surveyed 120 people who were struggling with sleeplessness and sadness. Those who used weighted blankets reported better sleep quality and less daytime tiredness, anxiety and sadness. Sleep experts suggest using these blankets to achieve better sleep. Alanna McGinn, a lead sleep expert, highlights their effectiveness in addressing sleep-related issues. However, those with specific medical conditions, particularly blood disorders, should seek guidance from a healthcare provider before using a weighted blanket. “And if you’re someone who gets a little claustrophobic (患幽闭恐怖症的), it’s probably not the best thing for you,” adds Alanna McGinn. These blankets may not be suitable for you as the added weight can increase discomfort. In a word, try a weighted blanket — science says its gentle hug can unlock deeper sleep and brighter days. 1.What is the benefit of using a weighted blanket according to the text? A. It helps you lose weight. B. It makes your bed warmer. C. It helps people with blood disorders. D. It reduces anxiety and improves sleep. 2.How heavy can weighted blankets be? A. 1 to 5 pounds. B. 5 to 30 pounds. C. 30 to 50 pounds. D. Over 30 pounds. 3.What did the study in Sweden show about people using weighted blankets? A. They felt more awake at night. B. They had more dreams. C. They reported better sleep. D. They stopped using other sleep aids. 4.Who should be careful or avoid using weighted blankets? A. People who sleep alone. B. People who sleep too much. C. People who like light blankets. D. People with certain medical conditions. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍重压毯可缓解焦虑、改善睡眠的功效，及相关研究与使用注意事项。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It’s a simple way to reduce anxiety and sleep better, and many people are finding it. (这是一种缓解焦虑、改善睡眠的简单方法，很多人都发现了它的效果)”以及第三段中的“Using a weighted blanket helps your heart, your breath and your body give off feel-good hormones (激素). This, in turn, reduces anxiety and contributes to a more peaceful sleep.(使用重压毯有助于你的心脏、呼吸和身体释放让人感觉愉悦的激素。这反过来又能缓解焦虑，有助于获得更安稳的睡眠)”可知，使用重压毯的好处是缓解焦虑、改善睡眠。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The weight of these blankets ranges from 5 to 30 pounds, which sounds like a lot but is spread out over the entire bed, making it manageable and comfortable.(这些毯子的重量从5磅到30磅不等，听起来很多，但分布在整个床上，使得它易于承受且舒适)”可知，重压毯的重量范围是5到30磅。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“That same year, a study in Sweden surveyed 120 people who were struggling with sleeplessness and sadness. Those who used weighted blankets reported better sleep quality and less daytime tiredness, anxiety and sadness.(同年，瑞典的一项研究调查了120名饱受失眠和悲伤困扰的人。那些使用重压毯的人报告说睡眠质量更好，白天疲倦感、焦虑和悲伤情绪也有所减轻)”可知，瑞典的这项研究显示使用重压毯的人睡眠质量更好。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“However, those with specific medical conditions, particularly blood disorders, should seek guidance from a healthcare provider before using a weighted blanket. “And if you’re someone who gets a little claustrophobic (患幽闭恐怖症的), it’s probably not the best thing for you,” adds Alanna McGinn.(然而，那些有特定疾病的人，尤其是血液疾病患者，在使用重压毯前应咨询医疗服务提供者。阿兰娜・麦金补充道：“如果你有点幽闭恐惧症，这可能不适合你。”)”可知，有特定疾病的人应谨慎或避免使用重压毯。故选D项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·河南汤阴县第一中学·期中）In the digital age, reading habits have changed greatly. Many people skim (略读) texts to get the main ideas quickly, while others read every word carefully. A recent study shows that Americans read fewer books than they did 30 years ago, spending only 26 minutes a day reading compared to three hours on the Internet or watching TV. This change has led to more skimming rather than deep, close reading. Scientists think that skimming is a good reading method, especially for quick understanding of general ideas. Daniel Willingham, a scientist, suggests that skimming is acceptable as long as it doesn’t get in the way of understanding. Joanna Christodoulou, another scientist, says that skimming is suitable for light reading, such as beach novels, which don’t need deep thinking. On the other hand, close reading means connecting new information to what you already know, asking questions, and getting a better understanding of the text. This method activates more brain areas than skimming and is important for academic (专业的) reading, such as when a graduate student needs to remember information long after reading. However, the rise of digital media has led to more skim reading, as online texts are often short and easy to get. Christodoulou thinks this change has made us less able to focus on and understand long texts well, and it’s also harming our thinking skills and how long we can pay attention, especially for young readers. However, some others believe that how skim reading affects (影响) readers is still unclear. Willingham suggests that reading habits are changing mainly because of the endless fun choices on the Internet rather than less ability to focus. He believes that most people can develop close reading skills with practice. Christodoulou thinks that each person’s reading journey is different, driven by different reasons. So it’s more useful to understand that both skimming and close reading are important methods, especially in the digital age, rather than viewing them as completely different. 1.How does the writer support the viewpoint in paragraph 1? A. By listing numbers. B. By making a guess. C. By telling a story. D. By raising questions. 2.What will Willingham probably agree with about skimming? A. It is unacceptable. B. It is best for academic reading. C. It is less useful than close reading. D. It is fine unless it affects understanding. 3.What does close reading include? A. Focusing on easy texts. B. Avoiding asking questions. C. Connecting with old knowledge. D. Getting the main idea quickly. 4.What does Christodoulou think of the rise of digital media? A. Creative. B. Harmful. C. Scary. D. Necessary. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了数字时代阅读习惯的变化，包括略读和深度阅读的不同特点以及它们对读者的影响。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“A recent study shows that Americans read fewer books than they did 30 years ago, spending only 26 minutes a day reading compared to three hours on the Internet or watching TV.(最近的一项研究表明，美国人读书比30年前少了，每天只花26分钟阅读，而在互联网上或看电视的时间却长达三个小时。)”可知，作者通过列举“26分钟”“30年”“三个小时”等数字来支持第一段中的观点，即阅读习惯发生了很大变化。故选A。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“Daniel Willingham, a scientist, suggests that skimming is acceptable as long as it doesn’t get in the way of understanding.(科学家Daniel Willingham认为，只要略读不妨碍理解，就是可以接受的。)”可知，Willingham认为只要不影响理解，略读是可以接受的。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“On the other hand, close reading means connecting new information to what you already know, asking questions, and getting a better understanding of the text.(另一方面，深度阅读意味着将新信息与你已经知道的信息联系起来，提出问题，并对文本有更好的理解。)”可知，深度阅读包括将新信息与已有知识联系起来，提出问题，并对文本有更好的理解。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“Christodoulou thinks this change has made us less able to focus on and understand long texts well, and it’s also harming our thinking skills and how long we can pay attention, especially for young readers.(Christodoulou认为，这种变化使我们不太能够集中精力并很好地理解长文本，而且它也在损害我们的思维能力和注意力持续时间，特别是对年轻读者来说。)”可知，Christodoulou认为数字媒体的兴起是有害的。故选B。 主题语境04 人与自然-环境 （25-26高一上·河南郑州外国语学校·期中）Sound is measured in decibels (dB) (分贝) . There are many sounds in the environment, from rustling leaves (20 dB) to a normal conversation (60 dB) , from a screaming baby (80dB) to a subway train (100 dB) . Sounds that reach 85 dB or higher can harm a person's ears. Permissible Exposure Time How long can a person be exposed to a certain sound before risking hearing damage? According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, for every 3 dB sound Pressure level over 85 dB, the permissible exposure time is cut in half — before damage to Our hearing can occur. Sound Pressure Level Permissible Exposure Time 85 dB 8 hours 88 dB 4 hours 91 dB 2 hours Four Commonest Types of Noise Pollution ● Road vehicles are one major source of noise pollution. This is more concentrated in urban areas where there is a much higher number of vehicles. ● Fireworks, used generally for celebrations, are beautiful. However, they can be very loud, and scary! There is no real way of dealing with it, as fireworks are used so briefly. ● Construction work cause loud and disturbing noises which can make it hard to concentrate. Most countries have laws in place preventing construction work from taking place between certain times. ● Animals also cause noise pollution. For example, if you live on a road where somebody keeps their dog outside for hours on end while it barks constantly, that's really annoying. Obviously, noise pollution is a widespread issue. But the consequences of this pollution are often underestimated. According to WHO estimates, at least 1 million healthy life-years are lost annually from traffic-related environmental noise alone in western Europe. It is time that the effects of noise pollution on public health receive more attention. 1.What is the permissible exposure time to the noise of a subway train? A. 8 hours. B. 1 hour. C. 30 minutes. D. 15 minutes. 2.Which type of noise pollution already has legal restrictions in most countries? A. Road vehicles. B. Fireworks. C. Construction work. D. Animals. 3.What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. There is a lack of attention to public health. B. Noise pollution is most serious in western Europe. C. Noise pollution has become the deadliest pollution. D. There is insufficient awareness of the harm of noise pollution. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了声音分贝、允许暴露时间、四种常见噪音污染类型及危害，呼吁关注噪音污染对健康的影响。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“There are many sounds in the environment, from a subway train (100 dB).(环境中有很多声音比如地铁列车的声音为100分贝)”和表格及第二段中的“According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, for every 3 dB sound Pressure level over 85 dB, the permissible exposure time is cut in half(依据美国国家职业安全与健康研究所的研究，在声压级达到85分贝后，每再升高3分贝，人体允许暴露其中的时长便会减半)”可知，85分贝允许暴露8小时，88分贝4小时，91分贝2小时，94分贝1小时，97分贝30分钟，100分贝15分钟。地铁列车噪音为100分贝，允许暴露时间为15分钟。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Four Commonest Types of Noise Pollution部分第三点中的“Most countries have laws in place preventing construction work from taking place between certain times.(大多数国家都有法律规定，禁止在特定时段进行建筑施工)”可知，建筑施工类噪音污染在大多数国家已有法律限制。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But the consequences of this pollution are often underestimated.(但这种污染的后果往往被低估)”及“It is time that the effects of noise pollution on public health receive more attention.(现在是时候让噪音污染对公众健康的影响得到更多关注了)”可知，作者暗示人们对噪音污染的危害认识不足。故选D项。 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高一上·河南郑州第十九中学模拟试卷二·期中）For travelers wondering if there is a cross-Canada train, you’re in luck. Not only does VIA Rail have a passenger train that travels between Toronto and Vancouver, you can take a connecting train to Montreal before heading to Halifax, making for a complete rail trip across Canada. A train trip across Canada shows you the wide land and varieties of this vast nation. Watch through a huge picture window as the scene moves from lakes to grasslands, from high mountains to thick rain-forests, before finally arriving at the Pacific Ocean. Sleep in your private comfortable cabin, take in the views from the dome cars (穹顶车厢), and enjoy delicious meals created from regional specialties. There’s no other trip quite like it. Long before air travel was commonplace, or a network of freeways made road trips possible, Canadians went on tour by train. Crossing the country’s vast land by rail is just as magical now as it was a century ago — perhaps even more so, in this hurry-up world. The pace of getting from A to B offers enough time to relax, meet new friends, taste specific flavor food and wine, and appreciate the vastness of this wide land. There are many choices for a trans-Canada rail trip. Journey from Toronto to Vancouver on an impressive 13-day adventure or begin in Toronto and arrive on the West Coast in less than a week. No matter what trip you choose, you’ll have a unique chance to discover Canada’s natural beauty and attractive culture. The local travel experts at Canadian Train Vacations specialize in train travel across Canada. By creating personalized journeys based on conversations with you, we can help you realize your perfect trip. We are a Canadian company dedicated (致力于) to helping visitors experience the best of Canada — it’s all we do. 1.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. Specific foods supplied on VIA Rail. B. Your preparations before the train trip. C. The wonderful experience on VIA Rail. D. Sights between Toronto and Vancouver. 2.What’s the purpose by mentioning this hurry-up world? A. To stress the comfort of the trip. B. To meet the needs of talented people. C. To tell people’s great embarrassment. D. To introduce the development of the society. 3.Which word can best describe the trans-Canada trip? A. Costly. B. Amazing. C. Boring. D. Convenient. 4.What’s the best title for the text? A. Train Across Canada B. An Inspiring Trip C. Food Culture in Canada D. A Wild Adventure to Canada 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了贯穿加拿大的火车之旅。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第二段“A train trip across Canada shows you the wide land and varieties of this vast nation. Watch through a huge picture window as the scene moves from lakes to grasslands, from high mountains to thick rain-forests, before finally arriving at the Pacific Ocean. Sleep in your private comfortable cabin, take in the views from the dome cars (穹顶车厢), and enjoy delicious meals created from regional specialties. There’s no other trip quite like it. (乘坐火车横跨加拿大，能让你领略到这个广阔国家的辽阔土地和多样风貌。透过巨大的观景窗，眼前的景色从湖泊变为草原，从高山变为茂密的雨林，最终抵达太平洋。你可以在私密的舒适车厢中安睡，从穹顶车厢中欣赏美景，还可以享用由当地特色食材制作的美味佳肴。这样的旅行体验无与伦比。)”可知，第二段主要讲述了贯穿加拿大的火车之旅，这是一种美好的体验。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Crossing the country’s vast land by rail is just as magical now as it was a century ago — perhaps even more so, in this hurry-up world. The pace of getting from A to B offers enough time to relax, meet new friends, taste specific flavor food and wine, and appreciate the vastness of this wide land. (如今，乘坐火车穿越这个国家的广阔土地，与一百年前一样充满魔力——在这个快节奏的世界中，甚至可能更加如此。从A地到B地的旅程节奏为你提供了足够的时间来放松、结识新朋友、品尝独特风味的食物和葡萄酒，并欣赏这片广阔土地的美景。)”可知，此处提到如今匆忙的世界是为了突显出在火车上参观加拿大的风景，品尝美食的悠闲，强调旅行的舒适度。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“There are many choices for a trans-Canada rail trip. Journey from Toronto to Vancouver on an impressive 13-day adventure or begin in Toronto and arrive on the West Coast in less than a week. No matter what trip you choose, you’ll have a unique chance to discover Canada’s natural beauty and attractive culture.(横穿加拿大的铁路旅行有很多选择。从多伦多到温哥华的旅程令人印象深刻的13天的冒险或在多伦多开始，在不到一周的时间到达西海岸。无论你选择何种旅行，你都将有一个独特的机会去发现加拿大的自然美景和迷人的文化)”可知，贯穿加拿大的铁路旅行有很多选择，且在较短的时间就能领略美景。换言之，贯穿加拿大的旅行很便利。故选D。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“For travelers wondering if there is a cross-Canada train, you’re in luck. Not only does VIA Rail have a passenger train that travels between Toronto and Vancouver, you can take a connecting train to Montreal before heading to Halifax, making for a complete rail trip across Canada. (对于那些想知道是否有横跨加拿大的火车的旅行者来说，你们真是幸运。VIA铁路不仅有一列往返于多伦多和温哥华之间的客运火车，你还可以搭乘联运火车前往蒙特利尔，然后再前往哈利法克斯，从而完成一次横跨加拿大的完整铁路之旅。)”可知，本文主要介绍了贯穿加拿大的火车之旅。“Train Across Canada (穿越加拿大的火车)”适合作文章标题。故选A。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·河南·期中）A small shadow at the corner of your eye made a sharp sound. It came closer. You were chosen. After landing lightly, the mosquito (蚊子) stayed briefly on your skin. Then, it slipped its needle-like mouth into your skin and sucked your blood. Every point in this familiar scene matters when it comes to mosquito-borne diseases like malaria, which lead to nearly a million deaths each year. A mosquito can pass germs (细菌) before it bites. “It spits a little into you, and that’s when infection (感染) can start,” said Kyle Dahlin, an expert at Virginia Tech. What if you try to beat it and miss? What if it lands but doesn’t bite? Or it flies to another person and spreads disease there? “These repeated chances can make disease spread faster,” Dahlin explained. To test these situations, Dahlin and his math team made a new model. It looks at trickier real-life cases and points to fresh ways to stop sickness. The study, in the Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, links what one mosquito does to how people act across a whole area. Early runs already show strange, useful facts about disease spread. For example, in terms of population-level transmission (传染) , the model shows that it might actually be better to let the mosquito bite you. “You might get sick, but somebody else may not. It represents less transmission,” said Lauren Childs, a professor in mathematics. While researchers don’t suggest doing this, with proper data, the findings may help decide which types of chemicals can keep mosquitoes away before they land. The researchers believe their model could improve our understanding of mosquitoes’ behavior and provide a scientific basis for disease prevention. “This won’t necessarily be a good solution,” Dahlin said, “but hopefully another tool in the toolbox.” 1.What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A. To describe a common experience. B. To introduce the research background. C. To explain the spreading of germs. D. To tell the danger of mosquitoes. 2.What did Dahlin’s model mainly focus on? A. The chemical in mosquitoes. B. The development of new chemicals for killing mosquitoes. C. A connection between mosquitoes’ behavior and disease spread. D. Individual feelings of infection. 3.What is the finding of the model about reducing transmission? A. Mosquitoes prefer certain blood types. B. Hitting mosquitoes increases infection risk. C. Transmission decreases with each bite. D. Letting a mosquito bite may reduce spread. 4.What attitude do researchers hold towards the model’s potential? A. Uncertain. B. Favorable. C. Objective. D. Doubtful. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍蚊子传播疾病的特点及相关数学模型对防控蚊媒疾病的研究和意义。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Every point in this familiar scene matters when it comes to mosquito-borne diseases like malaria, which lead to nearly a million deaths each year.(在涉及疟疾等蚊媒疾病时，这个熟悉场景中的每一个环节都至关重要，这类疾病每年导致近一百万人死亡)”可知，第一段描述蚊子叮咬的常见场景，是为了引出蚊媒疾病的危害这一研究背景，从而开启下文对相关研究的介绍。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The study, in the Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, links what one mosquito does to how people act across a whole area. Early runs already show strange, useful facts about disease spread.(这项发表在《数学生物学通报》上的研究，将单只蚊子的行为与整个区域人群的情况联系起来。早期的实验已经显示了一些关于疾病传播的奇怪而有用的事实)”可知，Dahlin的模型主要聚焦于蚊子的行为和疾病传播之间的关联。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For example, in terms of population-level transmission (传染) , the model shows that it might actually be better to let the mosquito bite you. “You might get sick, but somebody else may not. It represents less transmission,” said Lauren Childs, a professor in mathematics.(例如，在人群层面的传染方面，该模型显示，让蚊子叮咬你实际上可能更好。数学教授劳伦・蔡尔兹说：“你可能会生病，但其他人可能不会。这意味着传播更少。”)”可知，该模型关于减少传播的发现是让蚊子叮咬可能会降低疾病传播率。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The researchers believe their model could improve our understanding of mosquitoes’ behavior and provide a scientific basis for disease prevention. “This won’t necessarily be a good solution,” Dahlin said, “but hopefully another tool in the toolbox.”(研究人员认为，他们的模型可以加深我们对蚊子行为的理解，并为疾病预防提供科学依据。达林说：“这不一定是一个好的解决方案，但希望能成为工具箱中的另一个工具。”)”可知，研究人员既认可模型的价值，也不夸大其作用，态度是客观的。故选C项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·河南阳市华龙区濮阳市第一高级中学·期中）Drones (无人机) have been used in farming since the 1980s in some countries. The earliest drones used in farming were very small and could carry out only a few tasks. But improvements in drones have given rise to larger models which are able to carry heavier loads (装载). Recent models are even able to carry loads of up to 100 kg. This has made drones able to do a wide variety of tasks and be used on farms of different sizes. The first farm drones were expensive for small farmers. Although this is still true for drone ownership, prices have fallen sharply because of rapid technological advances and competition. Moreover, the rental (租赁) service provided by small businesses and farmer groups has made it easy for farmers to use drones at prices similar to or lower than those paid to farm workers. People have found new ways to do farm work. First, in rich countries, people started using big machines like tractors to help plant and pick crops faster. This change started long ago and took over 100 years to reach Asia. Now, a new change is taking place with flying drones. It started in China less than ten years ago and is spreading quickly around the world. Two Chinese companies, DJI and XAG, produce most of the drones used in farming worldwide. The drone revolution (变革) is completely changing historical patterns of farming technology spreading. In just 5 years, millions of farmers across Asia and beyond, many of whom are small holders, will be able to use this new technology. There are strong signs that drones can raise the efficiency and productivity of farming, improve worker safety, and better livelihoods in the countryside. 1.Why can modern drones be used for various farm tasks? A. They are easier to control. B. They are able to fly a longer time. C. They can carry much heavier weights. D. They can work under more weather conditions. 2.What can we know about small farmers using drones now? A. They prefer farm workers to drones. B. They can get drone services at a lower cost. C. They can afford to buy their own drones. D. They need to learn more skills to run drones. 3.What is the author’s attitude towards the future of farm drones? A. Hopeful. B. Worried. C. Uncaring. D. Unclear. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. How Drones Are Changing Farming B. The History of Drone Technology Development C. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Farm Drones D. How Chinese Drone Companies Lead the Global Market 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了农业无人机的发展历程及其从中国兴起并快速向全球传播的趋势，指出无人机革命正改变农业技术传播模式的现状。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段的“But improvements in drones have given rise to larger models which are able to carry heavier loads (装载). Recent models are even able to carry loads of up to 100 kg. This has made drones able to do a wide variety of tasks and be used on farms of different sizes.(但无人机技术的进步使得无人机的尺寸变得更大，能够承载更重的负载。最近的型号甚至能够承载高达100千克的负载。这使得无人机能够执行各种各样的任务，并适用于不同规模的农场。)”可知，改进后的无人机体型更大、载重能力更强，最新型号甚至可承载100公斤，这一变化让无人机适用于各类农业任务及不同规模的农场。因此现代无人机可用于完成各种农业作业任务是因为它们能够承载更重的重量。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Although this is still true for drone ownership, prices have fallen sharply because of rapid technological advances and competition. Moreover, the rental (租赁) service provided by small businesses and farmer groups has made it easy for farmers to use drones at prices similar to or lower than those paid to farm workers.(尽管无人机所有权仍然如此，但由于技术的快速进步和竞争，价格已经大幅下降。此外，小型企业和农民团体提供的租赁服务使农民很容易使用无人机，其价格与付给农场工人的价格相似或更低。)”可推断，小农如今能以较低成本获取无人机服务。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“In just 5 years, millions of farmers across Asia and beyond, many of whom are small holders, will be able to use this new technology. There are strong signs that drones can raise the efficiency and productivity of farming, improve worker safety, and better livelihoods in the countryside.(在短短五年内，亚洲及其他地区的数百万农民（其中许多是小规模农户）将能够使用这项新技术。有明显的迹象表明，无人机能够提高农业的效率和生产力，提升工人的安全水平，并改善农村地区的民生状况。)”可知，作者明确提到有充分迹象表明，无人机能提升农业效率和生产力、改善工人安全、优化农村生计，且指出未来五年亚洲及其他地区的数百万小农将能使用这项新技术，因此推断作者对农业无人机的未来满怀希望。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是第一段内容“The earliest drones used in farming were very small and could carry out only a few tasks. But improvements in drones have given rise to larger models which are able to carry heavier loads (装载). Recent models are even able to carry loads of up to 100 kg. This has made drones able to do a wide variety of tasks and be used on farms of different sizes.(最初用于农业的无人机体积很小，只能执行少数任务。但无人机技术的改进使得无人机有了更大的型号，能够承载更重的负载。最近的型号甚至能够承载高达 100 千克的负载。这使得无人机能够执行各种各样的任务，并适用于不同规模的农场。)”可知，文章围绕农业无人机展开：第一段讲其功能改进，第二段讲小农使用门槛降低，第三段讲其从中国兴起并全球传播，第四段讲其对农业的积极影响及未来潜力。因此推断其核心是讲述“无人机如何改变农业”。故选A。 Passage 3 （2026·河南新未来大联考·期中）Skychology is an emerging trend (新兴趋势) in wellness, but many have already benefited (受益) from its practices for years without realizing it. Simply put, Skychology includes looking up at the sky, clouds, and birds, offering moments of peace and calm. This simple act can ground persons, allowing them to breathe and be present. If you’ve ever felt calm and relaxed just by looking up at the sky, great! You’ve actually been doing Skychology, and you might even be starting a new trend. Paul Conway, a coaching psychologist (心理学家) and founder of Successful Humans, coined the term. It’s a free and easy form of mental (心理的) health support that anyone can start at once. Whether alone, with a dog, or a friend, all you need to do is step outside and look up. Skychology offers many advantages. It’s a nice and quick activity that doesn’t need technology or others’ help. Given the uncertainties of recent years, finding calm and beauty in the sky is much needed now. Practising Skychology helps with anxiety, supports sleep, and improves overall happiness. It aligns with good psychology, looking at what makes life worth living, improving our quality of life. Moreover, Skychology makes us feel happy and thankful as we look at the huge, seemingly endless sky. Although it may make us feel small compared to the world, it encourages humility (人性) and teaches us to value our environment and our place within them. To practise Skychology, follow these seven steps: Go outside and find a place with a clear view of the sky; stand, sit, or lie down; take deep breaths; look at the sky for 60 seconds; notice what you see and hear; take another deep breath when ready; and acknowledge (承认) how you feel, comparing it to how you felt before. So why not give it a try today? Step outside, find a place with a clear view of the sky, and let the power of Skychology wash over you. 1.What can we know about Skychology from the first two paragraphs? A. It needs special tools and skills. B. It has been popular for years. C. It is a new term created by a psychologist. D. It offers mental health support at once. 2.What do the underlined words “aligns with” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Matches. B. Goes against. C. Influences. D. Applies to. 3.What is the author’s purpose of writing the text? A. To explain the history of Skychology. B. To encourage people to join a wellness club. C. To compare Skychology with other wellness trends. D. To introduce the idea and advantages of Skychology. 4.What would be the best title for the text? A. The Art of Looking at the Sky. B. The Advantages of Positive Psychology. C. Psychology: A New Trend in Wellness. D. Psychology: An Easy Way to Live. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍新兴健康趋势“天空心理学”的定义、创始人、优势及实践方法，鼓励人们尝试。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Paul Conway, a coaching psychologist and founder of Successful Humans, coined the term.(教练心理学家、“成功人类”创始人保罗·康威创造了这个术语。)”可知，天空心理学是一位心理学家创造的新术语。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“looking at what makes life worth living, improving our quality of life.(关注让生活有价值的事物，提升生活质量。)”可知，天空心理学的理念与优秀心理学的目标一致，因此“aligns with”意为“符合、匹配”。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文可知根据第一段“Skychology is an emerging trend(新兴趋势) in wellness, but many have already benefited (受益) from its practices for years without realizing it. Simply put, Skychology includes looking up at the sky, clouds, and birds, offering moments of peace and calm. This simple act can ground persons, allowing them to breathe and be present.(天空心理学是健康领域的一种新兴趋势，但多年来已有不少人在不知不觉中从其实践中受益。简而言之，天空心理学就是抬头仰望天空、云朵与飞鸟，享受片刻的宁静与平和。这个简单的举动能够让人沉下心来，从容呼吸，专注当下)”以及根据第三段“Skychology offers many advantages.(天空心理学益处良多)”可知，文章前两段介绍天空心理学的定义和起源，第三、四段阐述其优势，第五段给出实践步骤，整体目的是介绍天空心理学的理念和优势。故选D项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据第一段“Skychology is an emerging trend (新兴趋势) in wellness, but many have already benefited (受益) from its practices for years without realizing it. Simply put, Skychology includes looking up at the sky, clouds, and birds, offering moments of peace and calm. This simple act can ground persons, allowing them to breathe and be present.(天空心理学是健康领域的一种新兴趋势，但多年来已有不少人在不知不觉中从其实践中受益。简而言之，天空心理学就是抬头仰望天空、云朵与飞鸟，享受片刻的宁静与平和。这个简单的举动能够让人沉下心来，从容呼吸，专注当下)”可知，读散文主要介绍介绍天空心理学的理念和优势。所以C选项“天空心理学：健康领域的新兴趋势。”故选C项。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·河南郑州外国语学校·期中）On 3 April 2024, a magnitude 7.4 quake — Taiwan’s strongest in 25 years — shook the island’s eastern coast. Most buildings were undamaged due to strict construction standards, but mountainous and remote villages were destroyed by landslides. When disasters affect large and inaccessible areas, responders often turn to satellite images to locate affected areas and prioritize relief efforts. “But mapping landslides from satellite imagery by eye can be time-intensive,” said Lorenzo Nava, who is jointly based at Cambridge’s Departments of Earth Sciences and Geography. “In the aftermath of a disaster, time really matters,” he said. Using AI, he identified 7,000 landslides after the Taiwan earthquake, within three hours of the satellite imagery being acquired. Since the earthquake, Nava has been developing his AI method alongside an international team. By employing a set of satellite technologies — including satellites that can see through clouds and at night — the researchers hope to enhance AI’s landslide detection capabilities. Nava is training AI to identify landslides in two types of satellite images — visual images of the ground surface and radar (雷达) data, the latter of which can see through cloud cover and even acquire images at night. Radar images can, however, be difficult to interpret, as they use greyscale to illustrate contrasting surface properties and landscape features can also appear strange. These challenges make radar data well-suited for AI-assisted analysis, helping identify features that may otherwise go unnoticed. By combining the cloud-penetrating capabilities of radar with the fidelity (准确度) of visual images, Nava hopes to build an AI-powered model that can accurately spot landslides even in poor weather conditions. His trial following the 2024 Taiwan earthquake showed promise, detecting thousands of landslides that would otherwise go unnoticed beneath cloud cover. But Nava acknowledges that there is still more work needed, both to improve the model’s accuracy and its transparency (透明度). He wants to build trust in the model and ensure its outputs are interpretable and actionable by decision-makers. “Very often, the decision-makers are not the ones who developed the algorithm (算法),” said Nava. “AI can feel like a black box. Its internal logic is not always transparent, and that can make people hesitant to act on its outputs.” 1.What is the key value of Nava’s AI method? A. Ability to predict earthquakes. B. Low cost compared to new satellites. C. Potential to replace human responders. D. Efficiency in processing vast amounts of data. 2.What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. A detailed description of how satellites operate. B. The advantages of visual images over radar data. C. The reasons why AI is needed to interpret radar data. D. The history of using satellites for landslide detection. 3.What can we know about Nava’s AI-powered model from paragraph 5? A. It is still in development. B. It has been used just once. C. It is an alternative of satellite images. D. Its significance has been underestimated. 4.What do Nava’s words imply? A. The model’s performance is not satisfactory. B. Developers should have more trust in the model. C. Decision-makers refuse to understand AI’s internal logic. D. The gap between developers and users needs to be bridged. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍Nava团队开发的AI方法在台湾地震后探测滑坡的应用、优势及待改进方向。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的““But mapping landslides from satellite imagery by eye can be time-intensive,” said Lorenzo Nava, who is jointly based at Cambridge’s Departments of Earth Sciences and Geography. “In the aftermath of a disaster, time really matters,” he said. Using AI, he identified 7,000 landslides after the Taiwan earthquake, within three hours of the satellite imagery being acquired.(剑桥大学地球科学系和地理系的Lorenzo Nava说：“但是用肉眼从卫星图像中绘制滑坡地图可能会耗费大量时间。”“灾难过后，时间真的很重要，”他说。利用人工智能，他在获得卫星图像后的三个小时内识别出了台湾地震后的7000处山体滑坡)”可知，Nava的AI方法的核心价值是处理大量数据时效率高。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“Radar images can, however, be difficult to interpret, as they use greyscale to illustrate contrasting surface properties and landscape features can also appear strange. These challenges make radar data well-suited for AI-assisted analysis, helping identify features that may otherwise go unnoticed. (然而，雷达图像很难解释，因为它们使用灰度来说明对比的表面特性和景观特征也可能看起来很奇怪。这些挑战使得雷达数据非常适合人工智能辅助分析，有助于识别那些否则可能会被忽略的特征)”可知，该段主要说明需要AI解读雷达数据的原因。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段“His trial following the 2024 Taiwan earthquake showed promise, detecting thousands of landslides that would otherwise go unnoticed beneath cloud cover. But Nava acknowledges that there is still more work needed, both to improve the model’s accuracy and its transparency (清晰度).(他在2024年台湾地震后的试验显示出了希望，发现了数千次山体滑坡，否则这些山体滑坡在云层下会被忽视。但Nava承认，要提高模型的准确性和透明度，还需要做更多的工作)”可知，Nava的AI驱动模型仍在开发中。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Very often, the decision-makers are not the ones who developed the algorithm,” said Nava. “AI can feel like a black box. Its internal logic is not always transparent, and that can make people hesitant to act on its outputs.” (“通常，决策者并不是开发算法的人，”Nava说。“人工智能可能感觉像一个黑盒子。它的内部逻辑并不总是透明的，这可能会让人们在根据其输出采取行动时犹豫不决。”)”可知，Nava的话暗示开发者和使用者（决策者）之间存在认知差距，需要弥合。故选D项。 Passage 5 （25-26高一上·河南郑州第一中学·期中）Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things that are impossible. The magician is a specially trained actor. He tries to make the audience believe that he has the power to do things which are against the laws of nature. Magic shows are entertaining as long as the audience does not discover how the tricks are done. The magician usually depends on his skill with his hands, on his knowledge of psychology, and sometimes, on mechanical devices (机械装置). Since magic performance is meant to trick people, the use of psychology is important. The magician must keep people from noticing all the movements of his hands and from thinking about the secret parts of his equipment. He must also lead the audience to draw false conclusions. The magician’s success depends on the fact that many things seen by the eye are not the things that matter. Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear. A combination of these two tricks makes for some interesting effects. For example, the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups. The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change its colour. What actually happens is that the magician, employing quick hand movements or a mechanical device, hides one ball. While doing this he talks to the audience and waves a brightly coloured cloth with one hand. The audience is too busy watching the cloth and listening to the magician’s words to notice that his other hand is hiding the ball. Another favourite trick is to cut or burn something, and then make it appear whole again. What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else. Then he “magically” makes it appear whole again by displaying (展示) another object that has not been cut or burned. 1.What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A. To clarify the art of magic. B. To promote a magic show. C. To teach people to be magicians. D. To praise the talents of magicians. 2.Which of the following is important for a successful magic trick? A. Applying high technology. B. Keeping the performance in secret. C. Distracting the audience's attention. D. Leading people to focus on the movement. 3.What does the author focus on in the last two paragraphs? A. Explaining a concept. B. Drawing a conclusion. C. Making comparisons. D. Providing examples. 4.What can we infer from the text? A. Small objects are magicians' favourite. B. It takes practice to perform magic. C. Mechanical devices are expensive. D. Magicians can do things against laws of nature. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. D　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了魔术的本质、魔术师成功的关键因素，以及“物体显隐”“复原物品”两类基础魔术的实现原理。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things that are impossible.(魔术是一种基于假装做不可能之事的娱乐形式)”可知，文章开篇定义了魔术的本质。后文又陆续介绍了魔术成功的关键、两类基础魔术的实现方式，整体是在清晰阐释魔术这门艺术。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The magician must keep people from noticing all the movements of his hands and from thinking about the secret parts of his equipment.(魔术师必须让人们无法注意到他手部的所有动作，也无法想到他设备的秘密部分)”以及第二段中的“The audience is too busy watching the cloth and listening to the magician’s words to notice that his other hand is hiding the ball.(观众忙于看布和听魔术师说话，以至于没有注意到他的另一只手在藏球)”可知，成功的魔术需要分散观众的注意力，让他们无法察觉魔术的秘密。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear.(两种基本的魔术技巧是让物体看起来出现和让物体看起来消失)”可知，该段先提出核心观点，随后用“魔术师让小球在杯子间移动”的例子展开说明。根据第三段中的“Another favourite trick is to cut or burn something, and then make it appear whole again.(另一个受欢迎的魔术是切割或烧毁某物，然后让它重新完整地出现)”可知，该段同样先给出观点，再解释这类魔术的实现逻辑。因此，最后两段的核心是提供例子来支撑观点。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The magician is a specially trained actor.(魔术师是受过专门训练的演员)”可知，魔术师需要经过专业训练才能完成魔术表演。由此可推断，表演魔术需要练习。故选B。 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高一上·河南天立教育·期中）Group interactions are an essential part of personal and professional life, and mastering them can significantly benefit our social, work, and personal environments. Communication is a complex (复杂的) process, with body language playing a vital role in how messages are perceived and understood. Understanding body language can significantly improve group interactions, making them more positive and productive. Unlike verbal language, body language often reveals true thoughts and feelings unconsciously. It can share emotions more directly than words. For example, a bright smile and relaxed shoulders usually show happiness, while leaning back means being not interested. Even small movements, like tapping fingers or avoiding eye contact, can suggest nervousness, which words may try to hide. Gestures are a valuable component of body language, aiding in clarifying and emphasizing spoken messages during group interactions. Skillful use of gestures can help show passion, support understanding, and maintain engagement (参与) within a group setting. Descriptive gestures, such as using hands to illustrate a concept or directional movements to indicate options, can provide visual strengthening to verbal communication. These gestures help ensure that the group can follow the discussion, especially in complex or technical conversations. However, too much gestures may become distracting or annoying in group settings. The key is to ensure gestures are purposeful and relevant, naturally adding to the verbal message. Practicing consistency (一致性) in gestures that match the tone and content of your speech helps strengthen the intended message, enabling clearer communication and understanding among group members. Despite its importance, common misunderstandings about body language often cause misinterpretation. A usual one is treating single movements as absolute cues (暗示): many think crossed arms equal defensiveness, but it could just be a comfortable posture or a response to cold. Another is ignoring context-avoiding eye contact in a serious talk might seem dishonest, but it could result from cultural respect for others. These oversimplified judgments ignored the complexity of body language and its influencing factors. 1.What can we learn about the relationship between body language and verbal language? A. Words share emotions more directly. B. Verbal language is more widely used. C. They have the same cultural meanings. D. Body language is more truthful at times. 2.How can descriptive gestures help group interactions? A. Hiding nervousness easily. B. Clarifying the group setting. C. Emphasizing key points. D. Avoiding communication mistakes. 3.What does the author suggest in paragraph 4? A. Be mindful of overusing gestures. B. Use certain gestures on purpose. C. Maintain unity in language tones. D. Stick to your intended message. 4.Why people often treat single movements as absolute cues? A. They are often influenced by others. B. They fail to understand other factors. C. They are used to observing contexts. D. They have simple communication skills. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了肢体语言在群体互动中的重要性，包括其与言语语言的关系、手势的作用、常见误解以及正确使用肢体语言的建议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Unlike verbal language, body language often reveals true thoughts and feelings unconsciously. It can share emotions more directly than words.(与语言不同，肢体语言常常在不知不觉中流露出真实的想法和感受。它比言语更能直接地分享情感)”可知，肢体语言有时比言语更能真实地表达想法和感受。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Descriptive gestures, such as using hands to illustrate a concept or directional movements to indicate options, can provide visual strengthening to verbal communication. These gestures help ensure that the group can follow the discussion, especially in complex or technical conversations.(描述性的手势，比如用手来说明一个概念或用方向性的动作来表示选择，可以为语言交流提供视觉上的强化。这些手势有助于确保团队能够跟上讨论，特别是在复杂或技术性的对话中)”可知，描述性的手势通过提供视觉强化，比如用手来说明一个概念或用方向性的动作来表示选择，强调关键点，从而帮助团队互动。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“However, too much gestures may become distracting or annoying in group settings. The key is to ensure gestures are purposeful and relevant, naturally adding to the verbal message.(然而，在群体环境中，过多的手势可能会分散注意力或令人讨厌。关键是要确保手势是有目的和相关的，自然地补充语言信息)”可知，作者在本段中建议注意不要过度使用手势，以免分散注意力或令人讨厌。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“A usual one is treating single movements as absolute cues (暗示): many think crossed arms equal defensiveness, but it could just be a comfortable posture or a response to cold. Another is ignoring context-avoiding eye contact in a serious talk might seem dishonest, but it could result from cultural respect for others. These oversimplified judgments ignored the complexity of body language and its influencing factors.(一个常见的错误是将单一的动作视为绝对的暗示：许多人认为双臂交叉等于防御，但这可能只是一种舒适的姿势或对寒冷的反应。另一个是忽略上下文——在严肃的谈话中避免眼神交流可能看起来不诚实，但这可能是出于对他人的文化尊重。这些过于简单的判断忽略了肢体语言的复杂性及其影响因素)”可知，人们之所以经常将单一动作视为绝对暗示，是因为他们没有理解其他影响因素，如文化背景或个人舒适度等。故选B项。 主题语境04 人与自然-环境 （25-26高一上·河南实验中学·期中）Fishing is a way of life for people who live on the floating villages of Cambodia’s Tonle Sap Lake. These Southeast Asians depend on fish in the lake. But those fish are in trouble. Generally, their numbers in Tonle Sap Lake have been falling sharply. Compared to the number in 2003, just 12 percent as many could be found in 2019. Chevalier was part of a team that shared those data in Science of the Total Environment. “If the tendency (趋势) continues,” he says, “there will be nothing for people there to eat any more.” Dams (大坝) are a big problem, Chevalier says. These structures break up river systems. With growing human populations, overfishing becomes more of a threat. As people keep fishing, the share of fish left there could decrease even more. Pollution threatens freshwater ecosystems, too. People have also been changing the land in ways that damage the habitat in lakes and streams. And then there’s a growing number of non-native harmful species. Lastly, global warming has been causing harm by stressing both fish and their food sources. Still, the situation isn’t hopeless. Researchers are working to identify the most effective ways to change that. One way is to remove outdated or ill-placed dams. The largest such U.S. project took down four dams from the lower Klamath River. Soon after, thousands of salmon (鲑鱼) were swimming upstream through this newly opened stretch. Elsewhere, dam operators can reduce harm by changing river flows. Limiting flow too much can cause downstream areas to dry up. Smarter dam placement would also help. “Restoring habitat can help if done right. But this work costs money. And it’s hard to restore entire streams,” John Gray, a fish biologist, says. In 2022, scientists tried repopulating some fish species at Tonle Sap Lake. However, nearly half the fish were caught less than three months later. With each success or failure, scientists learn how better to deal with these big problems. Teens can get involved. Many conservation groups welcome help from people of any age. 1.Why is fishing mentioned in the first paragraph? A. To present a way of living. B. To lead to the main concern. C. To state the best fishing place. D. To stress the value of tradition. 2.Which of the following is a way to settle the problem caused by dams? A. Increasing the use of dams. B. Turning dams into river habitats. C. Choosing the locations for dams wisely. D. Limiting the river water flowing downstream. 3.What does Gray think of restoring habitat? A. It has limited benefits. B. It is of no use. C. It will bring worse results. D. It is money-saving. 4.What is the best title of the text? A. Benefits of Protecting Fish. B. Threats to Southeast Asia. C. Remove Old Dams to save Salmon. D. Help Tonle Sap Fish Survive. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了柬埔寨洞里萨湖鱼类数量急剧下降的问题，分析了造成这一问题的多种原因，并介绍了一些可能的解决方案。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Fishing is a way of life for people who live on the floating villages of Cambodia’s Tonle Sap Lake. These Southeast Asians depend on fish in the lake. But those fish are in trouble. (捕鱼是柬埔寨洞里萨湖水上村落居民的一种生活方式。这些东南亚人依赖湖里的鱼为生。但这些鱼正面临困境。)”可知，第一段先介绍了洞里萨湖浮村的人们的生活方式，然后引出这些鱼遇到了困境，即引出主要关注的问题。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“One way is to remove outdated or ill-placed dams.(一种方法是拆除过时或位置不当的大坝。)”和“Smarter dam placement would also help.(更明智的大坝选址也会有所帮助。)”可知，明智地选择大坝的位置是解决大坝造成的问题的方法。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Restoring habitat can help if done right. But this work costs money. And it’s hard to restore entire streams.(如果做得正确，恢复栖息地是有帮助的。但是这项工作需要花钱。而且很难恢复整个溪流。)”可知，Gray认为恢复栖息地的益处有限。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Fishing is a way of life for people who live on the floating villages of Cambodia’s Tonle Sap Lake. These Southeast Asians depend on fish in the lake. But those fish are in trouble. (捕鱼是柬埔寨洞里萨湖水上村落居民的一种生活方式。这些东南亚人依赖湖里的鱼为生。但这些鱼正面临困境。)”以及下文可知，文章开篇指出洞里萨湖鱼类数量锐减及当地居民对鱼类的依赖，接着分析大坝、过度捕捞等威胁鱼类生存的因素，随后介绍移除旧坝、合理选址、恢复栖息地等保护措施，最后提到科学家的努力及青少年可参与保护。所以D项Help Tonle Sap Fish Survive (帮助洞里萨湖的鱼类生存) 涵盖“鱼类面临危机”和“保护措施”核心内容，符合主旨。故选D。 主题语境05 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·河南方城县第一高中学-10月·期中）Peter, a scientist, discovered a group of emperor penguins (帝企鹅) from space. At over one meter, emperors are the tallest penguins on Earth. They live in large groups and grow in icy cold conditions. And they give birth to baby penguins in the middle of the terrible Antarctic winter, taking the ice on the seawater as their home. However, things don’t always stay the same. When going through a large number of photos taken from space recently, scientists found something unexpected — a group of penguins aren’t on the sea ice but on an iceberg (冰山). What’s more, the iceberg is almost completely covered in brown penguin wastes. It seems that there isn’t enough sea ice for the emperor penguins at the beginning of the season when they give birth. Early in the season here, the sea ice hasn’t formed when the penguins emerge. So the penguins have been left with nowhere to go. As a result, they’ ve moved up onto the iceberg to get ready for giving birth. Peter has since discovered emperors on icebergs in other places, and it’s something that’s likely to become even more common as the temperatures go higher and higher across the world. We’ve lost huge amounts of sea ice in the Arctic. And all of the predictions (预测) suggest that Antarctica will go the same way and that we could lose lots of sea ice in Antarctica, which will be terrible for the emperor penguins. So being able to move onto icebergs, or in some cases, up onto the ice shelf, will be especially important for some of those emperor penguins to save themselves from dying out. It is worth noting that as global warming worsens, this will be just the beginning of the suffering of emperor penguins. 1.What can we learn about emperor penguins from paragraph 1? A. They are small in size. B. They prefer to live alone. C. They usually raise their babies on sea ice. D. They regularly move to warmer places in winter. 2.What does the underlined word“emerge” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Arrive. B. Disappear. C. Fight. D. Quit. 3.What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of emperor penguins? A. Hopeful. B. Worried. C. Uncaring. D. Unclear. 4.What is the main purpose of the text? A. To introduce a new way to study emperor penguins. B. To describe the differences between sea ice and icebergs. C. To explain how emperor penguins adapt to cold environments. D. To talk about how global warming influences emperor penguins. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍科学家从太空发现帝企鹅踪迹，以及全球变暖导致其栖息地变化、生存面临挑战的情况。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“And they give birth to baby penguins in the middle of the terrible Antarctic winter, taking the ice on the seawater as their home.(它们在南极可怕的严冬中繁衍后代，以海面上的冰为家。)”可知，帝企鹅通常在海冰上抚育幼崽.故选C项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“It seems that there isn’t enough sea ice for the emperor penguins at the beginning of the season when they give birth. Early in the season here, the sea ice hasn’t formed when the penguins emerge.(在帝企鹅繁殖季节开始时，似乎没有足够的海冰供它们使用。在这个季节的早期，当企鹅emerge时，海冰还没有形成。)”可知，“emerge”应与“繁殖季节开始、需要海冰”的语境相关，指企鹅“到达”繁殖地点时海冰尚未形成。“Arrive”（到达）符合语境。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Peter has since discovered emperors on icebergs in other places, and it’s something that’s likely to become even more common as the temperatures go higher and higher across the world. We’ve lost huge amounts of sea ice in the Arctic. And all of the predictions (预测) suggest that Antarctica will go the same way and that we could lose lots of sea ice in Antarctica, which will be terrible for the emperor penguins. So being able to move onto icebergs, or in some cases, up onto the ice shelf, will be especially important for some of those emperor penguins to save themselves from dying out. It is worth noting that as global warming worsens, this will be just the beginning of the suffering of emperor penguins.(彼得此后还在其他地方的冰山上发现了帝企鹅的踪迹，而且随着全球气温不断升高，这种情况可能会变得更加普遍。我们已经在北极失去了大量海冰，所有预测都表明，南极也会重蹈覆辙——南极可能会损失大量海冰，这对帝企鹅而言将是灾难性的。因此，能够迁移到冰山上，或是在某些情况下迁移到冰架上，对部分帝企鹅来说，将是避免灭绝、实现自救的关键。值得注意的是，随着全球变暖加剧，这仅仅是帝企鹅苦难的开始)”可知，作者多次提及全球变暖对帝企鹅的负面影响，且强调苦难“才刚刚开始”，可见其对帝企鹅未来的态度是担忧的。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文，文章先介绍帝企鹅的生存习性，再通过“企鹅被迫迁往冰山”的发现，引出“全球变暖导致海冰减少”的核心问题，最后点明全球变暖对帝企鹅生存的持续威胁。所以短文的目的是讨论全球变暖如何影响帝企鹅。故选D项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·河南阳市华龙区濮阳市第一高级中学·期中）Scientists have found an unusual “hybrid” (杂交) bird in Texas — a mix of a blue jay and a green jay. Brian Stokes is studying for his Ph. D. at the University of Texas at Austin. His work focuses on green jays —birds common in Central America and Mexico. So when Brian saw a photo of an unusual-looking bird on social media, he got very interested in it. It was blue and looked similar to a blue jay, a bird common in Eastern North America. But something wasn’t quite right. Instead of having white face coloring like a blue jay, this bird’s face is black. The bird is medium in size, not as big as a blue jay and not as small as a green jay. Brian got in touch with the woman who had posted the picture, and she invited him to come and see the bird for himself. To study the bird more carefully, Brian brought a light net that he hoped would allow him to catch and keep the bird for some time. It took a lot of effort, but a few days later, he did succeed. Quickly, he got a few pictures, took a blood sample, and placed a tracker around the bird’s leg. Then he set it free, unharmed. Working with a biology professor at the university, Brian was sure that the bird was a hybrid. The father was a blue jay (common in Eastern North America) and the mother was a green jay (common in Central America). Long, long ago, both kinds of jay s developed from the same kind of bird. But for seven million years!, they have been completely separate. So such a hybrid is very surprising. In the mid-1900s, the living areas of the two birds did not really overlap. But in recent years, as the temperatures have risen, green jays have been moving further north, and blue jays have been traveling further west. Until now, the researchers haven’t given the hybrid a name yet, but they wonder if it should be called a “Grue Jay”. 1.How did Brian’s educational background help him in the discovery? A. It helped him catch the bird quickly. B. It taught him to turn to social media for help. C. It made him able to realise the bird’s uncommonness. D. It allowed him to use the university’s lab for blood tests. 2.What can be known about the hybrid? A. It has a black face. B. It has a green body. C. It is much larger than any other jay. D. It sings like two birds at the same time. 3.What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. The steps Brian took to study the bird. B. The way Brian made the woman believe him. C. The reasons why Brian fixed a tracker on the bird. D. The difficulty Brian had in finding the bird’s living area. 4.What does the underlined word “overlap” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Disappear. B. Cross. C. Suffer. D. Remain. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科学家在得克萨斯州发现一种罕见的“杂交鸟”及其相关情况的介绍。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“Brian Stokes is studying for his Ph. D. at the University of Texas at Austin. His work focuses on green jays —birds common in Central America and Mexico. So when Brian saw a photo of an unusual-looking bird on social media, he got very interested in it.(布莱恩·斯托克斯正在得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校攻读博士学位。他的研究重点是绿松鸦——这种常见于中美洲和墨西哥的鸟类。所以当布莱恩在社交媒体上看到一张外形奇特的鸟的照片时，他对此产生了浓厚的兴趣)”可知，布莱恩的教育背景使他能够认识到这种鸟的罕见性。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Instead of having white face coloring like a blue jay, this bird’s face is black.(这只鸟的脸不是像蓝鸦那样呈白色，而是黑色的)”可知，杂交鸟有黑色的脸。故选A。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Brian got in touch with the woman who had posted the picture, and she invited him to come and see the bird for himself. To study the bird more carefully, Brian brought a light net that he hoped would allow him to catch and keep the bird for some time. It took a lot of effort, but a few days later, he did succeed. Quickly, he got a few pictures, took a blood sample, and placed a tracker around the bird’s leg. Then he set it free, unharmed. Working with a biology professor at the university, Brian was sure that the bird was a hybrid. The father was a blue jay (common in Eastern North America) and the mother was a green jay (common in Central America).(布莱恩与发布这张照片的那位女士取得了联系，她邀请他亲自去看看那只鸟。为了更仔细地研究这只鸟，布莱恩带上了一个轻便的捕网，他希望这个网能让他捕获并暂时养住这只鸟。经过一番努力，几天后，他终于成功了。他迅速拍了几张照片，采集了血液样本，并在鸟的腿上安装了一个追踪器。然后他将它放飞，这只鸟安然无恙。与大学的一位生物学教授合作后，布莱恩确信这只鸟是杂交品种。父亲是蓝鸦（常见于北美东部），母亲是绿鸦（常见于中美洲）)”可知，第4段主要讲了布莱恩研究这种鸟所采取的步骤。故选A。 (4)题解析： 词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“Long, long ago, both kinds of jay s developed from the same kind of bird. But for seven million years!, they have been completely separate. So such a hybrid is very surprising.(很久很久以前，这两种松鸦都是由同一种鸟类进化而来的。但历经了700万年之后，它们已经完全分道扬镳。所以这种杂交品种着实令人惊讶)”以及后文“But in recent years, as the temperatures have risen, green jays have been moving further north, and blue jays have been traveling further west.(但近年来，随着气温的升高，绿松鸦向北迁移的范围越来越广，而蓝松鸦向西迁移的范围也越来越大)”可知，上文提到20世纪中期两种鸟的栖息地完全分开，下文则说明近年气候变暖后，绿松鸦北迁、蓝松鸦西迁，进而产生了杂交鸟。由此可推断，overlap应指两种鸟的栖息地范围“交叉、重叠”，cross相近。故选B。 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高一上·河南郑州第十九中学模拟试卷一·期中）Enthusiastic travelers may have already heard of “regenerative tourism” along with the idea of sustainability(持续性). Whenever we travel—no matter where or how—we are leaving an impact on the environment and the world surrounding us. While sustainable tourism takes positive steps toward limiting that footprint in order for us to protect environments for future generations, regenerative tourism takes this idea one step further. Regenerative tourism means “the idea that tourists should leave a place in better condition than it was before”. For example, when visiting a garden, each person plants a tree to further build the environment instead of leaving no trace(痕迹). In a way, regenerative tourism involves travelers to be active in their acts of sustainability. Another great example of this is any act of clean-up. This is especially popular on major beaches and in parks where there’s always rubbish to pick up and waste to remove. While travelers certainly don’t need to join in a community clean-up while on vacation (unless they want to), the idea of being involved is very much the same. Joining in regenerative tourism has personal and environmental benefits. Jeffrey Skibins, an associate professor in entertainment and park management, says, “Many tourists report feelings of deep personal satisfaction and a stronger connection to nature. Additionally, conservation (保护) behaviors enable tourists to develop life-long learning around these issues and continue these behaviors at home.” Regenerative means “to renew and revive”, which is exactly what many travelers are doing to help environments recover. Depending on where one plans to travel, there might be more ways to help than originally realized. By further encouraging damaged environments to be renewed through travel rather than being negatively impacted, we can slowly help to rebuild the world’s most beautiful landscapes. 1.What is the aim of regenerative tourism? A. To further improve the environment. B. To limit the footprint of human beings. C. To keep a place in its original condition. D. To dramatically promote global economy. 2.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Designing a bright future for our life. B. Taking part in a community clean-up. C. Renewing our ideas about environments. D. Getting active in the acts of sustainability. 3.What does Jeffrey Skibins think of regenerative tourism? A. It makes travelers closely connected. B. It gives personal satisfaction to travelers. C. It leaves a short-term effect on tourists. D. It helps tourists improve their learning ability. 4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Regenerative tourism invites travelers to do their part B. Travelling patterns make a difference to the environment C. Conservation behavior enjoys its popularity among households D. The idea of sustainability takes root in all enthusiastic travelers 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文为一篇说明文，介绍了一种新的旅游形式——再生旅游。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While sustainable tourism takes positive steps toward limiting that footprint in order for us to protect environments for future generations, regenerative tourism takes this idea one step further.(虽然可持续旅游采取了积极措施来限制这种足迹，以便我们为子孙后代保护环境，但再生旅游将这一想法更进一步)”可知，再生旅游的目的是为了进一步改善环境。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“In a way, regenerative tourism involves travelers to be active in their acts of sustainability. Another great example of this is any act of clean-up. This is especially popular on major beaches and in parks where there’s always rubbish to pick up and waste to remove.(在某种程度上，再生旅游要求旅行者积极参与他们的可持续发展行为。另一个很好的例子是任何清理行为。这在主要的海滩和公园里尤其受欢迎，因为那里总是有垃圾要捡，有垃圾要清除)”可知，文章第三段表明应积极参与可持续发展的行动。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段Jeffrey Skibins所说“Many tourists report feelings of deep personal satisfaction and a stronger connection to nature. Additionally, conservation behaviors enable tourists to develop life-long learning around these issues and continue these behaviors at home.(许多游客表示，他们感到深深的个人满足感，与大自然的联系更紧密了。此外，保护行为使游客能够围绕这些问题进行终身学习，并在家中继续这些行为)”可知，Jeffrey Skibins认为再生旅游给旅行者带来了个人的满足。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章全文内容尤其是第三段“In a way, regenerative tourism involves travelers to be active in their acts of sustainability.(在某种程度上，再生旅游要求旅行者积极参与他们的可持续发展行为)”及第五段“Regenerative means “to renew and revive”, which is exactly what many travelers are doing to help environments recover.(再生的意思是“更新和恢复”，这正是许多旅行者为帮助环境恢复所做的事情)”可知，本文介绍了什么是“再生旅游”及“再生旅游”中，游客应该如何去做，A选项“Regenerative tourism invites travelers to do their part(再生旅游邀请游客尽自己的一份力量)”适合作为本文标题。故选A项。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·河南叶县高中学·期中）Adults who had close contact with natural spaces during their childhood could have a better mental health than those who had less contact, according to a new study by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (IS Global),an institution supported by “la Calxa,” involving four European cities—Spain, the Netherlands, Lithuania and the UK. The all-adult study gave 3,600 participants a questionnaire on how frequently they used natural spaces during childhood — for example, playing in a garden, riding a bike at the park or hiking in a forest. They were also asked about the importance they put on using such places. Volunteers were then given a psychological test, which included a variety of questionnaires and problem-solving activities, to analyze their nervousness and feelings of depression within a four-week period. The results consistently showed that the people who were more exposed (暴露的) to natural spaces had higher mental health scores compared to those with lower childhood exposure — as did those who attached higher importance to using green spaces. The study’s coordinator (协调员), Wilma Zijlema, wrote that the results “show the importance of childhood exposure to natural spaces for the development of a nature-appreciating attitude and a healthy psychological state in adulthood”. She also stressed the importance of “recognizing the meaning of growing up in environments with limited opportunities for exposure to nature”. According to the study, 73 percent of Europe’s population only has limited access (接触机会) to natural spaces. Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, director of IS Global’s Urban Planning, said that “Many children in Europe lead an indoors lifestyle, so it would be desirable to make natural outdoor environments available, attractive and safe for them to play in. We make a call on policymakers to improve the availability of natural spaces for children and green school yards.” While this study was based in Europe, a lack of green space can affect anyone, anywhere. So remember to make time to immerse yourself in nature, as your mental health is just as important as the physical one. 1.What can we learn about the study according to Paragraph one? A. It was carried out only in four European cities. B. It is supported by all the adults who are physically healthy. C. It indicates the more contact with nature, the happier one’s childhood will be. D. It shows adulthood mental health could be related to childhood exposure to nature. 2.What do we know about the study? A. The participants were from all over the world. B. The participants included both children and adults. C. It focused on the participants’ physical health state. D. It consisted of a questionnaire and a psychological test. 3.What do Paragraphs 5-6 mainly talk about? A. The process of the study. B. The method of the study. C. The value of the study. D. The difficulties of the study. 4.Which of the following is a suitable title of the passage? A. Importance of Physical Health. B. Benefits of Natural Green Spaces. C. Values of Psychological examinations. D. Problems of Europe’s Young Population. 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究表明成人的心理健康可能与童年接触大自然有关，解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的价值。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“Adults who had close contact with natural spaces during their childhood could have a better mental health than those who had less contact, according to a new study by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (IS Global), an institution supported by “la Calxa,” involving four European cities—Spain, the Netherlands, Lithuania and the UK. (由“la Calxa”支持的巴塞罗那全球健康研究所的一项新研究表明，在童年时期与自然空间亲密接触的成年人可能比那些接触较少的人有更好的心理健康。这项研究涉及四个欧洲城市——西班牙、荷兰、立陶宛和英国。)”可知，研究表明成人的心理健康可能与童年接触大自然有关。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“The all-adult study gave 3,600 participants a questionnaire (这项针对所有成年人的研究向3600名参与者提供了一份调查问卷)”以及第三段“Volunteers were then given a psychological test, which included a variety of questionnaires and problem-solving activities, to analyze their nervousness and feelings of depression within a four-week period. (随后，志愿者们接受了一项心理测试，其中包括各种问卷调查和解决问题的活动，以分析他们在四周内的紧张情绪和抑郁情绪。)”可知，这项研究包括一份问卷和一个心理测试。故选D。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第五段“The study’s coordinator (协调员), Wilma Zijlema, wrote that the results “show the importance of childhood exposure to natural spaces for the development of a nature-appreciating attitude and a healthy psychological state in adulthood”. She also stressed the importance of “recognizing the meaning of growing up in environments with limited opportunities for exposure to nature”. (该研究的协调员Wilma Zijlema写道，研究结果“显示了童年时期接触自然空间对成年后培养欣赏自然的态度和健康心理状态的重要性”。她还强调了“认识到在接触自然机会有限的环境中成长的意义”的重要性。)”以及第六段“According to the study, 73 percent of Europe’s population only has limited access (接触机会) to natural spaces. Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, director of IS Global’s Urban Planning, said that “Many children in Europe lead an indoors lifestyle, so it would be desirable to make natural outdoor environments available, attractive and safe for them to play in. We make a call on policymakers to improve the availability of natural spaces for children and green school yards.” (根据这项研究，73%的欧洲人口只有有限的自然空间。IS Global城市规划总监Mark Nieuwenhuijsen说：“欧洲的许多孩子都过着室内生活，所以最好能给他们提供自然的、有吸引力的、安全的户外环境。”我们呼吁政策制定者改善儿童自然空间和绿色校园的可用性。”)”可知，5-6段主要讲了研究的价值。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“While this study was based in Europe, a lack of green space can affect anyone, anywhere. So remember to make time to immerse yourself in nature, as your mental health is just as important as the physical one. (虽然这项研究是在欧洲进行的，但缺乏绿色空间会影响任何人，任何地方。所以，记得腾出时间让自己沉浸在大自然中，因为你的心理健康和身体健康一样重要。)”结合文章主要说明了研究表明成人的心理健康可能与童年接触大自然有关，解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的价值。可知，B选项“自然绿地的好处”最符合文章标题。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·河南方城县第一高中学-10月·期中）A self-driving robot has been introduced recently. This robot is useful because it takes over regular monitoring tasks from police officers. This lets the officers focus on other important jobs related to keeping the community safe. As a live monitoring system, it allows people at the communication center to watch the camera feeds in real time. The robot has four cameras built into it, and they keep recording all the time. So, wherever the robot goes, it collects all the visual and surrounding information. This makes sure it gathers complete data(数据) when it is being used. Besides, the robot is able to read license plates(车牌号码) by itself so it can recognise and record the cars in parking areas, which helps track cars easily. Another important part of the robot is an easy-to-use button. If people need help or want to get in touch with the communication center, they can simply press the button. On the other side, security(安全) workers watch the system all the time. They can send messages through the robot to those who pressed the button. If something bad happens, the police can see the situation right away through the robot’s cameras. Then they can come quickly to check what is going on. The self-driving robot gave a good performance at a conference, which made people think it could be used in parks, since there have been more worries about park safety lately. The robot moves along a pre-set path, but this path can be changed to meet different needs.For example, it can be adjusted(调整) when there are special events or when the safety needs of the park change. To keep people safe when they are near the robot, the robot is made to stop for a short time if it senses someone getting too close. All the data from the robot, including the video recordings, is saved. If a dangerous event happens, these recordings can be looked at later. This helps work out what happened step by step. 1.What is one function of the robot’s cameras? A. They record continuously to collect data. B. They recognise users by their facial features. C. They send out safety warnings in crowded areas. D. They allow the public to control the robot’s movement. 2.What is the third paragraph mainly about? A. The details of the robot’s camera system. B. The robot’s ability to deal with large amounts of data. C. The history of robotic development for security purposes. D. The communication between the public and security workers. 3.Why did people consider using the robot in parks? A. To attract more visitors. B. To raise safety levels. C. To take the place of human workers. D. To meet the government’s requirements. 4.Which can be the best title for the text? A. The Rise of Modern Policing B. New Technologies Are Changing Lifestyle C. The Development of Robots in Event Management D. The Self-Driving Robot Is Improving Public Security 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了近期推出的自动驾驶机器人可代警察执行常规监控，助其专注社区安全，能实时传画面、录数据、识车牌，还设求助按钮，或用于公园等。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The robot has four cameras built into it, and they keep recording all the time. So, wherever the robot goes, it collects all the visual and surrounding information.( 这个机器人内置了四个摄像头，它们一直在记录。所以，无论机器人走到哪里，它都会收集所有的视觉和周围信息。)”可知，机器人摄像头的一个功能是它们不停地记录以收集数据。故选A项。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Another important part of the robot is an easy-to-use button. If people need help or want to get in touch with the communication center, they can simply press the button. On the other side, security workers watch the system all the time. They can send messages through the robot to those who pressed the button. If something bad happens, the police can see the situation right away through the robot’s cameras. Then they can come quickly to check what is going on.( 机器人的另一个重要部分是一个易于使用的按钮。如果人们需要帮助或想与通讯中心取得联系，他们只需按下按钮。另一方面，保安人员一直在监视系统。他们可以通过机器人向按下按钮的人发送信息。如果发生了不好的事情，警察可以通过机器人的摄像头立即看到情况。然后他们可以很快地来检查发生了什么。)”可知，第三段主要讲的是公众与安保人员的沟通方式。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“The self-driving robot gave a good performance at a conference, which made people think it could be used in parks, since there have been more worries about park safety lately.( 自动驾驶机器人在一次会议上表现出色，这让人们认为它可以在公园里使用，因为最近对公园安全的担忧越来越多。)”可知，人们会考虑在公园里使用机器人是为了提升安全水平。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“A self-driving robot has been introduced recently. This robot is useful because it takes over regular monitoring tasks from police officers. This lets the officers focus on other important jobs related to keeping the community safe. As a live monitoring system, it allows people at the communication center to watch the camera feeds in real time.( 最近推出了自动驾驶机器人。这个机器人很有用，因为它接替了警察的日常监视任务。这使得警察可以专注于其他与维护社区安全有关的重要工作。作为一个实时监控系统，它可以让通信中心的人们实时观看摄像头的画面。)”可知，文章围绕“自动驾驶机器人”展开，先后介绍其功能（替代警察监控、实时传数据、车牌识别、便捷沟通）、在公园的应用设想及安全设计，核心是“机器人对公共安全的提升作用”。故文章最佳的标题是“自动驾驶机器人正在改善公共安全”。故选D项。 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高一上·河南叶县高中学·期中）According to a large study of activity levels and arthritis (关节炎) pain, there seems to be no link between the amount of exercise people do and whether they develop painful osteoarthritis in their knees. But the research couldn’t rule out that high-impact forms of exercise like running bring on the condition. Osteoarthritis is more common as people get older and is sometimes called a “wear and tear” condition. Arthritic knees often have obvious damage to their cartilage which covers and protects the ends of bones. Earlier studies have found conflicting (矛盾的) results on whether exercise can make arthritis more likely. So Lucy Gates at the University of Southampton in the UK and her colleagues joined together the results of six such studies, which over 5,000 people took part in who firstly had no knee pain or other sign of arthritis. At the beginning, people were asked about how much exercise they did, including playing sports, walking and cycling. They recorded the general time spent exercising each week, and their activities were graded by their metabolic equivalent, or MET (代谢当量) scores, a standard way of dividing activities into different types according to how much they raise a person’s metabolic rate. At the end of the studies, which lasted from five to twelve years, people were also asked if they had developed knee pain or arthritis. The probability of developing arthritis wasn’t associated with activity levels, either by how much time people spent exercising each week or by their total time and MET scores. “There’s more work to be done on telling apart risk and different types of activity,” says Gates. “The next step is to figure out how different weight-bearing activities might change things. We can’t say there’s no relationship there,” says team member Thomas Perry at the University of Oxford. 1.What is the finding of the large study? A. Too much exercise leads to arthritis. B. Arthritis is common among old people. C. Sports-loving persons are in better health. D. Exercise may not be responsible for osteoarthritis. 2.What made Lucy Gates and her colleagues do the large study? A. Their love for exercise. B. The goal to treat knee pain. C. The results of earlier studies. D. Their care for those 5,000 people. 3.How did Lucy Gates and her colleagues do the large study? A. By studying the cause of pain knees. B. By tracking and recording for a long time. C. By asking people to fill in online questionnaires. D. By grading and recording people’s metabolic rates. 4.In which column of a newspaper may this text appear? A. Education. B. Jobs. C. Sports. D. Arts. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们一直认为运动会导致膝盖疼痛，然而研究表明并非如此。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段首句“According to a large study of activity levels and arthritis (关节炎) pain, there seems to be no link between the amount of exercise people do and whether they develop painful osteoarthritis in their knees.(根据一项关于活动水平和关节炎疼痛的大型研究，人们的运动量和他们是否患上膝关节骨关节炎之间似乎没有联系)”可知，一项大型研究表明，人们的运动量与是否会患骨关节炎似乎没有关系。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Earlier studies have found conflicting (矛盾的) results on whether exercise can make arthritis more likely. So Lucy Gates at the University of Southampton in the UK and her colleagues joined together the results of six such studies…(早期的研究在运动是否会使关节炎更容易发生的问题上发现了矛盾的结果。因此，英国南安普顿大学的露西·盖茨和她的同事们将六项此类研究的结果结合在一起…)”可知，以往的关于运动是否让人更有可能患上骨关节炎的各项研究，得出的结论互相矛盾，所以Lucy Gates和她的同事们进行了新的研究。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“At the beginning, people were asked about how much exercise they did, including playing sports, walking and cycling. They recorded the general time spent exercising each week…(一开始，人们被问及他们做了多少运动，包括运动、散步和骑自行车。他们记录了每周锻炼的总时间)”及第五段“At the end of the studies, which lasted from five to twelve years, people were also asked if they had developed knee pain or arthritis.(研究持续了5到12年，在研究结束时，人们还被问及他们是否患有膝盖疼痛或关节炎)”可知, Lucy Gates和她的同事们通过长时间的跟踪和记录来完成这次研究。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“According to a large study of activity levels and arthritis (关节炎) pain, there seems to be no link between the amount of exercise people do and whether they develop painful osteoarthritis in their knees. But the research couldn’t rule out that high-impact forms of exercise like running bring on the condition.(根据一项关于活动水平和关节炎疼痛的大型研究，人们的运动量和他们是否患上膝关节骨关节炎之间似乎没有联系。但这项研究不能排除高强度的运动，比如跑步会导致这种情况)”可知，本文介绍了一项关于骨关节炎与运动关联的研究。因此本文很可能出现在报纸的“运动”专栏。故选C项。 主题语境04 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高一上·河南郑州第一中学·期中）The ability to solve complex math problems is one thing that sets humans apart from the rest of the animal kingdom. Despite this fact, some animals do seem to have at least one basic mathematical ability-they can, in a sense, count. In the early 1900s, the horse Clever Hans drew worldwide attention in Berlin when his trainer showed that he could count and solve math problems, tapping his feet to indicate a number. However, researchers later discovered that Clever Hans didn’t actually have mathematical skills, but the horse did own impressive observation skills. That is, he was unable to answer questions that his questioners also couldn’t answer because Clever Hans was actually reading minute facial and body language clues to determine the correct responses. While Clever Hans failed his math quiz a century ago, studies in more recent decades have shown that many species do actually have a “number sense”. In the late 1980s, researchers showed that chimpanzees (黑猩猩) could add up the number of pieces of chocolate in two food bowls (up to five pieces of chocolate in each bowl), compare it with the sum of two other food bowls, and correctly choose the larger of the two sums 90 percent of the time. Some other mammals, including lions, wolves and black bears, have also showed the ability to discriminate (辨别) between quantities — and so have animals from various other animal classes. Some research suggests that the number sense may be something that certain animals are born with. In 2015, scientists found that baby chicks as young as 3 days old could identify smaller and larger quantities and might even think of numbers on a “number line” running from left to right, similar to humans. Whatever the case, our number sense is not unique in the animal kingdom. In fact, it may not be something that’s reserved to just animals: Venus flytraps can also “count”. 1.How did Clever Hans give the correct answer to the math problem? A. By tapping his feet to count. B. By guessing the answer casually. C. By turning to his trainer for help. D. By reading the questioner’s response. 2.What can chimpanzees do according to the study? A. They can tell the difference between quantities. B. They can pass the quiz with observation skills. C. They can choose food bowls of specific shape. D. They can add up all pieces of chocolate in four bowls. 3.What is a Venus flytrap? A. An insect. B. A fish. C. A bird. D. A plant. 4.Which can be the best title for the text? A. Can animals count? B. Can animals use numbers? C. Animals’ mathematical training. D. Animals’ problem-solving ability. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现许多哺乳动物拥有分辨数量不同的能力，解释了相关研究开展的过程。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“That is, he was unable to answer questions that his questioners also couldn’t answer because Clever Hans was actually reading minute facial and body language clues to determine the correct responses.(也就是说，他无法回答提问者也无法回答的问题，因为聪明的汉斯实际上是通过观察细微的面部和肢体语言线索来确定正确的回答)”可知，聪明的汉斯通过阅读提问者的回答给出这道数学题的正确答案。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“In the late 1980s, researchers showed that chimpanzees (黑猩猩) could add up the number of pieces of chocolate in two food bowls (up to five pieces of chocolate in each bowl), compare it with the sum of two other food bowls, and correctly choose the larger of the two sums 90 percent of the time. Some other mammals, including lions, wolves and black bears, have also showed the ability to discriminate (辨别) between quantities — and so have animals from various other animal classes.(在20世纪80年代后期，研究人员发现黑猩猩可以将两个食物碗中的巧克力块数量相加（每个碗中最多有5块巧克力），将其与其他两个食物碗的总和进行比较，并在90%的时间内正确选择两个总和中较大的那个。其他一些哺乳动物，包括狮子、狼和黑熊，也表现出了区分数量的能力——其他各种动物也有这种能力)”可知，根据这项研究，黑猩猩能分辨数量的不同。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In fact, it may not be something that’s reserved to just animals: Venus flytraps can also “count”.(事实上，这可能不仅仅是动物的专利：捕蝇草也会“数数”)”可推知，捕蝇草是一种植物。故选D。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The ability to solve complex math problems is one thing that sets humans apart from the rest of the animal kingdom. Despite this fact, some animals do seem to have at least one basic mathematical ability-they can, in a sense, count.(解决复杂数学问题的能力是人类区别于其他动物王国的一个特点。尽管如此，一些动物似乎至少有一种基本的数学能力——从某种意义上说，它们会数数)”结合文章主要说明了研究发现许多哺乳动物拥有分辨数量不同的能力，解释了相关研究开展的过程。可知，A选项“动物会数数吗？”最符合文章标题。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高一上·河南豫北民办高中·期中）Are you preparing for a big test? If so, you may want to play some basketball in between hitting the books. Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development. Judy Cameron, a scientist at Oregon Health and Science University, studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels (管) , including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better. As she says, “While we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can really cause physical changes in the brain.” The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies who do activities that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active. With babies, even a little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes, a pediatrician (儿科医生) , believes in the importance of exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in elementary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies. “Babies need movement that stimulates (激发) their five senses. They need to establish a connection between motion and memory. In this way, as they get older, children will begin to link physical activity with higher learning,” says Margaret. Older people can beef up their brains as well. Scientists from 11 universities studied a group of seniors ranging in age from seventy to seventy-nine. Their study showed a short-term memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week. The exercise does not have to be very difficult, but it does have to increase the heart rate. Also, just like the motion for infants (婴儿) , exercise for older people should involve some complexity (复杂性) . Learning some new skills or motions, such as with yoga or tai-chi, helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time. For most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main goal is to increase the brain’s flow of blood. And your brain can benefit from as little as three hours of exercise a week. 1.According to the reading, what is the connection between exercise and brain development? A. Exercise makes us stupid. B. The brain needs special mental exercise. C. The more exercise, the bigger the brain. D. Physical exercise helps us think better. 2.According to the passage, what does the underlined phrase “beef up” mean in paragraph 3? A. weaken B. strengthen C. examine D. damage 3.Why does the author think that yoga is fit for seniors? A. It is easy to learn. B. It can be done in groups. C. It does not increase the heart rate. D. It includes learning new motions. 4.What is the best title of this passage? A. How to exercise B. How the brain can change C. How exercise helps the brain D. How to get good scores on a test 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·河南南阳第一中学校-12月·期中）Have you wondered how your body knows when to wake up or why you need to go to the toilet less at night? Circadian rhythms use the sun to help your body to run on time. “Circadian rhythms” is another name for body clocks. They are controlled by a small part of the brain called the hypothalamus (下丘脑) and they let the body know when to do things like eat, sleep and go to the toilet. Circadian rhythms repeat every 24 hours and almost every living thing has them. They tell animals the best time to hunt, for example, and plants when to flower. Circadian rhythms are influenced by light. When the sun shines through the window in the morning your body clock tells you it’s time to wake up. When it’s dark your body feels sleepy. Good-quality sleep lets your brain recharge and replace important hormones (荷尔蒙) to keep you healthy. Not listening to your body clock, such as going to bed late, can mess with your sleep cycle and make you feel tired and easy to get angry the next day. Circadian rhythms also affect energy, digestion (消化) and body temperature. In fact, scientists have found that they help our whole body run smoothly. Swathi Yadlapalli is a scientist who studies how people grow and develop. She says, “Almost every part in the human body has a circadian clock.” Circadian rhythms are written into people’s genes (基因), which are the body's instructions for how to develop and grow. We can’t change them but we can listen to what they are telling us. The Sleep Charity, which helps people to sleep better, recommends sticking to regular sleep patterns. So whether you are used to staying up late, or getting up early, try going to bed and getting up at the same time every day. It also suggests getting lots of natural light in the morning. Even if the sky is cloudy and grey, the natural light can reset your body clock and make you feel more awake. 1.Which part of the brain controls circadian rhythms? A. The hormone system. B. The hypothalamus. C. The digestive system. D. The gene center. 2.What is the function of circadian rhythms? A. They help plants get sunlight more easily. B. They regulate the hypothalamus to work faster. C. They control the movement of main parts in the body. D. They tell living things when to perform certain activities. 3.What can be inferred about natural light? A. It makes people feel sleepy at night. B. It has no effect on hormone production. C. It sometimes influences circadian rhythms greatly. D. It helps reset the body clock even on cloudy days. 4.What does the author suggest doing? A. Stopping staying up too late. B. Getting up early the next day. C. Having a fixed sleep routine daily. D. Listening to music before sleeping. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·河南实验中学·期中）The Yellow River is the cradle of China’s civilization. And flood control and prevention have always been key to the well-being of the people living along it. Now, scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin. The digital twin of the Yellow River uses various technologies, including big data, artificial intelligence, and the internet of things. Devices (设备) set up along the river collect and transmit information to the center. Based on the information, a 3D model of the river is presented on the computer screen. It’s like the Yellow River has a twin that reflects its real conditions. One big breakthrough in the river’s digital governance is “smart stones”. According to Wang Qin, a lead researcher at the Information Center of Yellow River Henan Bureau, a smart stone is a water-proof stone-shaped device with chips, a battery, and a signal transmitter. They are buried in important dike (堤坝) locations to record and report the movement of dike stones. “Upon feeling movement of the dike stones, the smart stone sends an alarm to the center for quick response,” Wang said. “In the past, researchers had to learn the conditions of the dike on the spot by themselves, putting their lives at risk,” said Zhao Xiao from the bureau. “Now the smart stones can do this for us, more safely, quickly, and accurately.” And in the sky, drones (无人机) are flying. On the routes designed by engineers, the drones become expert patrollers (巡逻员) of the river, looking at its dikes and flood prevention projects. According to Shen Lin from the Yellow River Conservancy Commission, thanks to the drones, researchers at the command center can get first-hand photos and information. “Researchers then update the 3D model according to the changes the drones reported. The newly updated model helps us test our floodwater release plans in case we ever need to batten down the hatches (未雨绸缪),” said Shen. Under the water and up in the sky, intelligence systems are helping to protect the Yellow River Basin on all fronts. According to the Ministry of Water Resources, in the future, we can expect to see the construction of an even more comprehensive digital system for this important river. 1.What is the main purpose of creating a digital twin of the Yellow River? A. To do historical research. B. To create a virtual tourist attraction. C. To raise public awareness of river protection. D. To improve flood control and prevention efforts. 2.How do the smart stones help with the river’s digital governance? A. They record water quality. B. They improve the river’s beauty. C. They monitor and report dike movements. D. They serve as markers for important locations. 3.What is one of the functions of drones in the digital governance of the Yellow River? A. Attracting tourists. B. Giving warning of coming floods. C. Testing water quality. D. Collecting information on dike conditions. 4.What does the underlined word “comprehensive” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Complete. B. Basic. C. Beautiful. D. Natural. Passage 3 （2026·河南新未来大联考·期中）Listening to music can make you feel less sick when in a moving car, according to new research — but it depends on the type of song you play. Motion (运动) sickness is feeling sick or like you want to throw up, often when you’re travelling by car, boat, plane or train. Other movement can cause it too. About one in three people are very likely to get motion sickness but almost everyone gets motion sickness if the movement is strong enough. Children between the ages of two and 12 are more likely to feel ill than adults but no one knows why some people struggle (挣扎) with it their whole lives and others don’t. People get motion sickness because their senses are sending different messages to their brains. In a moving car, for example, your eyes tell your brain you’re moving because objects are moving past, but the deep part in your ear (which helps keep you from shaking) tells it you’re sitting still. This can make you feel ill. Led by a brain expert Yilun Li at the Henan Institute of Science and Technology in China, a study chose 30 volunteers, all of whom often got motion sickness. The volunteers were set up with tools so that they felt like they were in a car, and small sensors (传感器) were stuck to their heads to record electrical activity in their brains. Using the sensors, the researchers could watch the volunteers’ brain activity and find when they were motion sick and when they were feeling better. The team divided the volunteers into six groups. Four groups listened to music after a drive that made them feel sick; one group didn’t listen to anything and instead tried to calm themselves with deep thought for one minute; and the other group’s “drive” ended before they started feeling sick. The results showed that happy music helped with motion sickness symptoms (症状) than anything else. Soft music was a close second, followed by passionate (激情的) music. However, sad music actually slowed down recovery. Even people who listened to nothing felt better sooner than those who listened to sad music. The researchers think that personalized music playlists could be the secret to helping people beat motion sickness. It’s certainly worth a try. 1.What causes motion sickness according to the text? A. Travelling alone at a very young age. B. Listening to sad music during travel. C. The long movement of the transport. D. Different messages from senses to the brain. 2.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A. Why music influences the brain. B. The history of motion sickness. C. How the study was carried out. D. Volunteers’ feelings after the test. 3.What music is the most useful in lessening motion sickness? A. Sad music. B. Happy music. C. Soft music. D. Passionate music. 4.What is the researchers’ attitude to using personalized music playlists to address motion sickness? A. Supportive. B. Doubtful. C. Uninterested. D. Worried. 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·河南·期中）When you have trouble sleeping, you might try different things to help. One unique but effective option that’s gaining popularity is using weighted blankets (毯子). This can help you relax. It’s a simple way to reduce anxiety and sleep better, and many people are finding it. About 32% of Americans don’t get the recommended amount of sleep, which is at least 7 hours a night, according to experts. Sleep troubles affect as many as 35% of adults occasionally, with 10% facing chronic (长期的) challenges in falling and staying asleep. Weighted blankets function similarly to swaddling (包裹) a baby, providing a comforting feeling. Using a weighted blanket helps your heart, your breath and your body give off feel-good hormones (激素). This, in turn, reduces anxiety and contributes to a more peaceful sleep. The weight of these blankets ranges from 5 to 30 pounds, which sounds like a lot but is spread out over the entire bed, making it manageable and comfortable. In 2020, eight studies found that weighted blankets had a calming effect on individuals. That same year, a study in Sweden surveyed 120 people who were struggling with sleeplessness and sadness. Those who used weighted blankets reported better sleep quality and less daytime tiredness, anxiety and sadness. Sleep experts suggest using these blankets to achieve better sleep. Alanna McGinn, a lead sleep expert, highlights their effectiveness in addressing sleep-related issues. However, those with specific medical conditions, particularly blood disorders, should seek guidance from a healthcare provider before using a weighted blanket. “And if you’re someone who gets a little claustrophobic (患幽闭恐怖症的), it’s probably not the best thing for you,” adds Alanna McGinn. These blankets may not be suitable for you as the added weight can increase discomfort. In a word, try a weighted blanket — science says its gentle hug can unlock deeper sleep and brighter days. 1.What is the benefit of using a weighted blanket according to the text? A. It helps you lose weight. B. It makes your bed warmer. C. It helps people with blood disorders. D. It reduces anxiety and improves sleep. 2.How heavy can weighted blankets be? A. 1 to 5 pounds. B. 5 to 30 pounds. C. 30 to 50 pounds. D. Over 30 pounds. 3.What did the study in Sweden show about people using weighted blankets? A. They felt more awake at night. B. They had more dreams. C. They reported better sleep. D. They stopped using other sleep aids. 4.Who should be careful or avoid using weighted blankets? A. People who sleep alone. B. People who sleep too much. C. People who like light blankets. D. People with certain medical conditions. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·河南汤阴县第一中学·期中）In the digital age, reading habits have changed greatly. Many people skim (略读) texts to get the main ideas quickly, while others read every word carefully. A recent study shows that Americans read fewer books than they did 30 years ago, spending only 26 minutes a day reading compared to three hours on the Internet or watching TV. This change has led to more skimming rather than deep, close reading. Scientists think that skimming is a good reading method, especially for quick understanding of general ideas. Daniel Willingham, a scientist, suggests that skimming is acceptable as long as it doesn’t get in the way of understanding. Joanna Christodoulou, another scientist, says that skimming is suitable for light reading, such as beach novels, which don’t need deep thinking. On the other hand, close reading means connecting new information to what you already know, asking questions, and getting a better understanding of the text. This method activates more brain areas than skimming and is important for academic (专业的) reading, such as when a graduate student needs to remember information long after reading. However, the rise of digital media has led to more skim reading, as online texts are often short and easy to get. Christodoulou thinks this change has made us less able to focus on and understand long texts well, and it’s also harming our thinking skills and how long we can pay attention, especially for young readers. However, some others believe that how skim reading affects (影响) readers is still unclear. Willingham suggests that reading habits are changing mainly because of the endless fun choices on the Internet rather than less ability to focus. He believes that most people can develop close reading skills with practice. Christodoulou thinks that each person’s reading journey is different, driven by different reasons. So it’s more useful to understand that both skimming and close reading are important methods, especially in the digital age, rather than viewing them as completely different. 1.How does the writer support the viewpoint in paragraph 1? A. By listing numbers. B. By making a guess. C. By telling a story. D. By raising questions. 2.What will Willingham probably agree with about skimming? A. It is unacceptable. B. It is best for academic reading. C. It is less useful than close reading. D. It is fine unless it affects understanding. 3.What does close reading include? A. Focusing on easy texts. B. Avoiding asking questions. C. Connecting with old knowledge. D. Getting the main idea quickly. 4.What does Christodoulou think of the rise of digital media? A. Creative. B. Harmful. C. Scary. D. Necessary. 主题语境04 人与自然-环境 （25-26高一上·河南郑州外国语学校·期中）Sound is measured in decibels (dB) (分贝) . There are many sounds in the environment, from rustling leaves (20 dB) to a normal conversation (60 dB) , from a screaming baby (80dB) to a subway train (100 dB) . Sounds that reach 85 dB or higher can harm a person's ears. Permissible Exposure Time How long can a person be exposed to a certain sound before risking hearing damage? According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, for every 3 dB sound Pressure level over 85 dB, the permissible exposure time is cut in half — before damage to Our hearing can occur. Sound Pressure Level Permissible Exposure Time 85 dB 8 hours 88 dB 4 hours 91 dB 2 hours Four Commonest Types of Noise Pollution ● Road vehicles are one major source of noise pollution. This is more concentrated in urban areas where there is a much higher number of vehicles. ● Fireworks, used generally for celebrations, are beautiful. However, they can be very loud, and scary! There is no real way of dealing with it, as fireworks are used so briefly. ● Construction work cause loud and disturbing noises which can make it hard to concentrate. Most countries have laws in place preventing construction work from taking place between certain times. ● Animals also cause noise pollution. For example, if you live on a road where somebody keeps their dog outside for hours on end while it barks constantly, that's really annoying. Obviously, noise pollution is a widespread issue. But the consequences of this pollution are often underestimated. According to WHO estimates, at least 1 million healthy life-years are lost annually from traffic-related environmental noise alone in western Europe. It is time that the effects of noise pollution on public health receive more attention. 1.What is the permissible exposure time to the noise of a subway train? A. 8 hours. B. 1 hour. C. 30 minutes. D. 15 minutes. 2.Which type of noise pollution already has legal restrictions in most countries? A. Road vehicles. B. Fireworks. C. Construction work. D. Animals. 3.What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. There is a lack of attention to public health. B. Noise pollution is most serious in western Europe. C. Noise pollution has become the deadliest pollution. D. There is insufficient awareness of the harm of noise pollution. 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高一上·河南郑州第十九中学模拟试卷二·期中）For travelers wondering if there is a cross-Canada train, you’re in luck. Not only does VIA Rail have a passenger train that travels between Toronto and Vancouver, you can take a connecting train to Montreal before heading to Halifax, making for a complete rail trip across Canada. A train trip across Canada shows you the wide land and varieties of this vast nation. Watch through a huge picture window as the scene moves from lakes to grasslands, from high mountains to thick rain-forests, before finally arriving at the Pacific Ocean. Sleep in your private comfortable cabin, take in the views from the dome cars (穹顶车厢), and enjoy delicious meals created from regional specialties. There’s no other trip quite like it. Long before air travel was commonplace, or a network of freeways made road trips possible, Canadians went on tour by train. Crossing the country’s vast land by rail is just as magical now as it was a century ago — perhaps even more so, in this hurry-up world. The pace of getting from A to B offers enough time to relax, meet new friends, taste specific flavor food and wine, and appreciate the vastness of this wide land. There are many choices for a trans-Canada rail trip. Journey from Toronto to Vancouver on an impressive 13-day adventure or begin in Toronto and arrive on the West Coast in less than a week. No matter what trip you choose, you’ll have a unique chance to discover Canada’s natural beauty and attractive culture. The local travel experts at Canadian Train Vacations specialize in train travel across Canada. By creating personalized journeys based on conversations with you, we can help you realize your perfect trip. We are a Canadian company dedicated (致力于) to helping visitors experience the best of Canada — it’s all we do. 1.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A. Specific foods supplied on VIA Rail. B. Your preparations before the train trip. C. The wonderful experience on VIA Rail. D. Sights between Toronto and Vancouver. 2.What’s the purpose by mentioning this hurry-up world? A. To stress the comfort of the trip. B. To meet the needs of talented people. C. To tell people’s great embarrassment. D. To introduce the development of the society. 3.Which word can best describe the trans-Canada trip? A. Costly. B. Amazing. C. Boring. D. Convenient. 4.What’s the best title for the text? A. Train Across Canada B. An Inspiring Trip C. Food Culture in Canada D. A Wild Adventure to Canada 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·河南·期中）A small shadow at the corner of your eye made a sharp sound. It came closer. You were chosen. After landing lightly, the mosquito (蚊子) stayed briefly on your skin. Then, it slipped its needle-like mouth into your skin and sucked your blood. Every point in this familiar scene matters when it comes to mosquito-borne diseases like malaria, which lead to nearly a million deaths each year. A mosquito can pass germs (细菌) before it bites. “It spits a little into you, and that’s when infection (感染) can start,” said Kyle Dahlin, an expert at Virginia Tech. What if you try to beat it and miss? What if it lands but doesn’t bite? Or it flies to another person and spreads disease there? “These repeated chances can make disease spread faster,” Dahlin explained. To test these situations, Dahlin and his math team made a new model. It looks at trickier real-life cases and points to fresh ways to stop sickness. The study, in the Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, links what one mosquito does to how people act across a whole area. Early runs already show strange, useful facts about disease spread. For example, in terms of population-level transmission (传染) , the model shows that it might actually be better to let the mosquito bite you. “You might get sick, but somebody else may not. It represents less transmission,” said Lauren Childs, a professor in mathematics. While researchers don’t suggest doing this, with proper data, the findings may help decide which types of chemicals can keep mosquitoes away before they land. The researchers believe their model could improve our understanding of mosquitoes’ behavior and provide a scientific basis for disease prevention. “This won’t necessarily be a good solution,” Dahlin said, “but hopefully another tool in the toolbox.” 1.What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A. To describe a common experience. B. To introduce the research background. C. To explain the spreading of germs. D. To tell the danger of mosquitoes. 2.What did Dahlin’s model mainly focus on? A. The chemical in mosquitoes. B. The development of new chemicals for killing mosquitoes. C. A connection between mosquitoes’ behavior and disease spread. D. Individual feelings of infection. 3.What is the finding of the model about reducing transmission? A. Mosquitoes prefer certain blood types. B. Hitting mosquitoes increases infection risk. C. Transmission decreases with each bite. D. Letting a mosquito bite may reduce spread. 4.What attitude do researchers hold towards the model’s potential? A. Uncertain. B. Favorable. C. Objective. D. Doubtful. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·河南阳市华龙区濮阳市第一高级中学·期中）Drones (无人机) have been used in farming since the 1980s in some countries. The earliest drones used in farming were very small and could carry out only a few tasks. But improvements in drones have given rise to larger models which are able to carry heavier loads (装载). Recent models are even able to carry loads of up to 100 kg. This has made drones able to do a wide variety of tasks and be used on farms of different sizes. The first farm drones were expensive for small farmers. Although this is still true for drone ownership, prices have fallen sharply because of rapid technological advances and competition. Moreover, the rental (租赁) service provided by small businesses and farmer groups has made it easy for farmers to use drones at prices similar to or lower than those paid to farm workers. People have found new ways to do farm work. First, in rich countries, people started using big machines like tractors to help plant and pick crops faster. This change started long ago and took over 100 years to reach Asia. Now, a new change is taking place with flying drones. It started in China less than ten years ago and is spreading quickly around the world. Two Chinese companies, DJI and XAG, produce most of the drones used in farming worldwide. The drone revolution (变革) is completely changing historical patterns of farming technology spreading. In just 5 years, millions of farmers across Asia and beyond, many of whom are small holders, will be able to use this new technology. There are strong signs that drones can raise the efficiency and productivity of farming, improve worker safety, and better livelihoods in the countryside. 1.Why can modern drones be used for various farm tasks? A. They are easier to control. B. They are able to fly a longer time. C. They can carry much heavier weights. D. They can work under more weather conditions. 2.What can we know about small farmers using drones now? A. They prefer farm workers to drones. B. They can get drone services at a lower cost. C. They can afford to buy their own drones. D. They need to learn more skills to run drones. 3.What is the author’s attitude towards the future of farm drones? A. Hopeful. B. Worried. C. Uncaring. D. Unclear. 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. How Drones Are Changing Farming B. The History of Drone Technology Development C. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Farm Drones D. How Chinese Drone Companies Lead the Global Market Passage 3 （2026·河南新未来大联考·期中）Skychology is an emerging trend (新兴趋势) in wellness, but many have already benefited (受益) from its practices for years without realizing it. Simply put, Skychology includes looking up at the sky, clouds, and birds, offering moments of peace and calm. This simple act can ground persons, allowing them to breathe and be present. If you’ve ever felt calm and relaxed just by looking up at the sky, great! You’ve actually been doing Skychology, and you might even be starting a new trend. Paul Conway, a coaching psychologist (心理学家) and founder of Successful Humans, coined the term. It’s a free and easy form of mental (心理的) health support that anyone can start at once. Whether alone, with a dog, or a friend, all you need to do is step outside and look up. Skychology offers many advantages. It’s a nice and quick activity that doesn’t need technology or others’ help. Given the uncertainties of recent years, finding calm and beauty in the sky is much needed now. Practising Skychology helps with anxiety, supports sleep, and improves overall happiness. It aligns with good psychology, looking at what makes life worth living, improving our quality of life. Moreover, Skychology makes us feel happy and thankful as we look at the huge, seemingly endless sky. Although it may make us feel small compared to the world, it encourages humility (人性) and teaches us to value our environment and our place within them. To practise Skychology, follow these seven steps: Go outside and find a place with a clear view of the sky; stand, sit, or lie down; take deep breaths; look at the sky for 60 seconds; notice what you see and hear; take another deep breath when ready; and acknowledge (承认) how you feel, comparing it to how you felt before. So why not give it a try today? Step outside, find a place with a clear view of the sky, and let the power of Skychology wash over you. 1.What can we know about Skychology from the first two paragraphs? A. It needs special tools and skills. B. It has been popular for years. C. It is a new term created by a psychologist. D. It offers mental health support at once. 2.What do the underlined words “aligns with” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Matches. B. Goes against. C. Influences. D. Applies to. 3.What is the author’s purpose of writing the text? A. To explain the history of Skychology. B. To encourage people to join a wellness club. C. To compare Skychology with other wellness trends. D. To introduce the idea and advantages of Skychology. 4.What would be the best title for the text? A. The Art of Looking at the Sky. B. The Advantages of Positive Psychology. C. Psychology: A New Trend in Wellness. D. Psychology: An Easy Way to Live. Passage 4 （25-26高一上·河南郑州外国语学校·期中）On 3 April 2024, a magnitude 7.4 quake — Taiwan’s strongest in 25 years — shook the island’s eastern coast. Most buildings were undamaged due to strict construction standards, but mountainous and remote villages were destroyed by landslides. When disasters affect large and inaccessible areas, responders often turn to satellite images to locate affected areas and prioritize relief efforts. “But mapping landslides from satellite imagery by eye can be time-intensive,” said Lorenzo Nava, who is jointly based at Cambridge’s Departments of Earth Sciences and Geography. “In the aftermath of a disaster, time really matters,” he said. Using AI, he identified 7,000 landslides after the Taiwan earthquake, within three hours of the satellite imagery being acquired. Since the earthquake, Nava has been developing his AI method alongside an international team. By employing a set of satellite technologies — including satellites that can see through clouds and at night — the researchers hope to enhance AI’s landslide detection capabilities. Nava is training AI to identify landslides in two types of satellite images — visual images of the ground surface and radar (雷达) data, the latter of which can see through cloud cover and even acquire images at night. Radar images can, however, be difficult to interpret, as they use greyscale to illustrate contrasting surface properties and landscape features can also appear strange. These challenges make radar data well-suited for AI-assisted analysis, helping identify features that may otherwise go unnoticed. By combining the cloud-penetrating capabilities of radar with the fidelity (准确度) of visual images, Nava hopes to build an AI-powered model that can accurately spot landslides even in poor weather conditions. His trial following the 2024 Taiwan earthquake showed promise, detecting thousands of landslides that would otherwise go unnoticed beneath cloud cover. But Nava acknowledges that there is still more work needed, both to improve the model’s accuracy and its transparency (透明度). He wants to build trust in the model and ensure its outputs are interpretable and actionable by decision-makers. “Very often, the decision-makers are not the ones who developed the algorithm (算法),” said Nava. “AI can feel like a black box. Its internal logic is not always transparent, and that can make people hesitant to act on its outputs.” 1.What is the key value of Nava’s AI method? A. Ability to predict earthquakes. B. Low cost compared to new satellites. C. Potential to replace human responders. D. Efficiency in processing vast amounts of data. 2.What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. A detailed description of how satellites operate. B. The advantages of visual images over radar data. C. The reasons why AI is needed to interpret radar data. D. The history of using satellites for landslide detection. 3.What can we know about Nava’s AI-powered model from paragraph 5? A. It is still in development. B. It has been used just once. C. It is an alternative of satellite images. D. Its significance has been underestimated. 4.What do Nava’s words imply? A. The model’s performance is not satisfactory. B. Developers should have more trust in the model. C. Decision-makers refuse to understand AI’s internal logic. D. The gap between developers and users needs to be bridged. Passage 5 （25-26高一上·河南郑州第一中学·期中）Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things that are impossible. The magician is a specially trained actor. He tries to make the audience believe that he has the power to do things which are against the laws of nature. Magic shows are entertaining as long as the audience does not discover how the tricks are done. The magician usually depends on his skill with his hands, on his knowledge of psychology, and sometimes, on mechanical devices (机械装置). Since magic performance is meant to trick people, the use of psychology is important. The magician must keep people from noticing all the movements of his hands and from thinking about the secret parts of his equipment. He must also lead the audience to draw false conclusions. The magician’s success depends on the fact that many things seen by the eye are not the things that matter. Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear. A combination of these two tricks makes for some interesting effects. For example, the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups. The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change its colour. What actually happens is that the magician, employing quick hand movements or a mechanical device, hides one ball. While doing this he talks to the audience and waves a brightly coloured cloth with one hand. The audience is too busy watching the cloth and listening to the magician’s words to notice that his other hand is hiding the ball. Another favourite trick is to cut or burn something, and then make it appear whole again. What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else. Then he “magically” makes it appear whole again by displaying (展示) another object that has not been cut or burned. 1.What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text? A. To clarify the art of magic. B. To promote a magic show. C. To teach people to be magicians. D. To praise the talents of magicians. 2.Which of the following is important for a successful magic trick? A. Applying high technology. B. Keeping the performance in secret. C. Distracting the audience's attention. D. Leading people to focus on the movement. 3.What does the author focus on in the last two paragraphs? A. Explaining a concept. B. Drawing a conclusion. C. Making comparisons. D. Providing examples. 4.What can we infer from the text? A. Small objects are magicians' favourite. B. It takes practice to perform magic. C. Mechanical devices are expensive. D. Magicians can do things against laws of nature. 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高一上·河南天立教育·期中）Group interactions are an essential part of personal and professional life, and mastering them can significantly benefit our social, work, and personal environments. Communication is a complex (复杂的) process, with body language playing a vital role in how messages are perceived and understood. Understanding body language can significantly improve group interactions, making them more positive and productive. Unlike verbal language, body language often reveals true thoughts and feelings unconsciously. It can share emotions more directly than words. For example, a bright smile and relaxed shoulders usually show happiness, while leaning back means being not interested. Even small movements, like tapping fingers or avoiding eye contact, can suggest nervousness, which words may try to hide. Gestures are a valuable component of body language, aiding in clarifying and emphasizing spoken messages during group interactions. Skillful use of gestures can help show passion, support understanding, and maintain engagement (参与) within a group setting. Descriptive gestures, such as using hands to illustrate a concept or directional movements to indicate options, can provide visual strengthening to verbal communication. These gestures help ensure that the group can follow the discussion, especially in complex or technical conversations. However, too much gestures may become distracting or annoying in group settings. The key is to ensure gestures are purposeful and relevant, naturally adding to the verbal message. Practicing consistency (一致性) in gestures that match the tone and content of your speech helps strengthen the intended message, enabling clearer communication and understanding among group members. Despite its importance, common misunderstandings about body language often cause misinterpretation. A usual one is treating single movements as absolute cues (暗示): many think crossed arms equal defensiveness, but it could just be a comfortable posture or a response to cold. Another is ignoring context-avoiding eye contact in a serious talk might seem dishonest, but it could result from cultural respect for others. These oversimplified judgments ignored the complexity of body language and its influencing factors. 1.What can we learn about the relationship between body language and verbal language? A. Words share emotions more directly. B. Verbal language is more widely used. C. They have the same cultural meanings. D. Body language is more truthful at times. 2.How can descriptive gestures help group interactions? A. Hiding nervousness easily. B. Clarifying the group setting. C. Emphasizing key points. D. Avoiding communication mistakes. 3.What does the author suggest in paragraph 4? A. Be mindful of overusing gestures. B. Use certain gestures on purpose. C. Maintain unity in language tones. D. Stick to your intended message. 4.Why people often treat single movements as absolute cues? A. They are often influenced by others. B. They fail to understand other factors. C. They are used to observing contexts. D. They have simple communication skills. 主题语境04 人与自然-环境 （25-26高一上·河南实验中学·期中）Fishing is a way of life for people who live on the floating villages of Cambodia’s Tonle Sap Lake. These Southeast Asians depend on fish in the lake. But those fish are in trouble. Generally, their numbers in Tonle Sap Lake have been falling sharply. Compared to the number in 2003, just 12 percent as many could be found in 2019. Chevalier was part of a team that shared those data in Science of the Total Environment. “If the tendency (趋势) continues,” he says, “there will be nothing for people there to eat any more.” Dams (大坝) are a big problem, Chevalier says. These structures break up river systems. With growing human populations, overfishing becomes more of a threat. As people keep fishing, the share of fish left there could decrease even more. Pollution threatens freshwater ecosystems, too. People have also been changing the land in ways that damage the habitat in lakes and streams. And then there’s a growing number of non-native harmful species. Lastly, global warming has been causing harm by stressing both fish and their food sources. Still, the situation isn’t hopeless. Researchers are working to identify the most effective ways to change that. One way is to remove outdated or ill-placed dams. The largest such U.S. project took down four dams from the lower Klamath River. Soon after, thousands of salmon (鲑鱼) were swimming upstream through this newly opened stretch. Elsewhere, dam operators can reduce harm by changing river flows. Limiting flow too much can cause downstream areas to dry up. Smarter dam placement would also help. “Restoring habitat can help if done right. But this work costs money. And it’s hard to restore entire streams,” John Gray, a fish biologist, says. In 2022, scientists tried repopulating some fish species at Tonle Sap Lake. However, nearly half the fish were caught less than three months later. With each success or failure, scientists learn how better to deal with these big problems. Teens can get involved. Many conservation groups welcome help from people of any age. 1.Why is fishing mentioned in the first paragraph? A. To present a way of living. B. To lead to the main concern. C. To state the best fishing place. D. To stress the value of tradition. 2.Which of the following is a way to settle the problem caused by dams? A. Increasing the use of dams. B. Turning dams into river habitats. C. Choosing the locations for dams wisely. D. Limiting the river water flowing downstream. 3.What does Gray think of restoring habitat? A. It has limited benefits. B. It is of no use. C. It will bring worse results. D. It is money-saving. 4.What is the best title of the text? A. Benefits of Protecting Fish. B. Threats to Southeast Asia. C. Remove Old Dams to save Salmon. D. Help Tonle Sap Fish Survive. 主题语境05 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·河南方城县第一高中学-10月·期中）Peter, a scientist, discovered a group of emperor penguins (帝企鹅) from space. At over one meter, emperors are the tallest penguins on Earth. They live in large groups and grow in icy cold conditions. And they give birth to baby penguins in the middle of the terrible Antarctic winter, taking the ice on the seawater as their home. However, things don’t always stay the same. When going through a large number of photos taken from space recently, scientists found something unexpected — a group of penguins aren’t on the sea ice but on an iceberg (冰山). What’s more, the iceberg is almost completely covered in brown penguin wastes. It seems that there isn’t enough sea ice for the emperor penguins at the beginning of the season when they give birth. Early in the season here, the sea ice hasn’t formed when the penguins emerge. So the penguins have been left with nowhere to go. As a result, they’ ve moved up onto the iceberg to get ready for giving birth. Peter has since discovered emperors on icebergs in other places, and it’s something that’s likely to become even more common as the temperatures go higher and higher across the world. We’ve lost huge amounts of sea ice in the Arctic. And all of the predictions (预测) suggest that Antarctica will go the same way and that we could lose lots of sea ice in Antarctica, which will be terrible for the emperor penguins. So being able to move onto icebergs, or in some cases, up onto the ice shelf, will be especially important for some of those emperor penguins to save themselves from dying out. It is worth noting that as global warming worsens, this will be just the beginning of the suffering of emperor penguins. 1.What can we learn about emperor penguins from paragraph 1? A. They are small in size. B. They prefer to live alone. C. They usually raise their babies on sea ice. D. They regularly move to warmer places in winter. 2.What does the underlined word“emerge” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Arrive. B. Disappear. C. Fight. D. Quit. 3.What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of emperor penguins? A. Hopeful. B. Worried. C. Uncaring. D. Unclear. 4.What is the main purpose of the text? A. To introduce a new way to study emperor penguins. B. To describe the differences between sea ice and icebergs. C. To explain how emperor penguins adapt to cold environments. D. To talk about how global warming influences emperor penguins. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·河南阳市华龙区濮阳市第一高级中学·期中）Scientists have found an unusual “hybrid” (杂交) bird in Texas — a mix of a blue jay and a green jay. Brian Stokes is studying for his Ph. D. at the University of Texas at Austin. His work focuses on green jays —birds common in Central America and Mexico. So when Brian saw a photo of an unusual-looking bird on social media, he got very interested in it. It was blue and looked similar to a blue jay, a bird common in Eastern North America. But something wasn’t quite right. Instead of having white face coloring like a blue jay, this bird’s face is black. The bird is medium in size, not as big as a blue jay and not as small as a green jay. Brian got in touch with the woman who had posted the picture, and she invited him to come and see the bird for himself. To study the bird more carefully, Brian brought a light net that he hoped would allow him to catch and keep the bird for some time. It took a lot of effort, but a few days later, he did succeed. Quickly, he got a few pictures, took a blood sample, and placed a tracker around the bird’s leg. Then he set it free, unharmed. Working with a biology professor at the university, Brian was sure that the bird was a hybrid. The father was a blue jay (common in Eastern North America) and the mother was a green jay (common in Central America). Long, long ago, both kinds of jay s developed from the same kind of bird. But for seven million years!, they have been completely separate. So such a hybrid is very surprising. In the mid-1900s, the living areas of the two birds did not really overlap. But in recent years, as the temperatures have risen, green jays have been moving further north, and blue jays have been traveling further west. Until now, the researchers haven’t given the hybrid a name yet, but they wonder if it should be called a “Grue Jay”. 1.How did Brian’s educational background help him in the discovery? A. It helped him catch the bird quickly. B. It taught him to turn to social media for help. C. It made him able to realise the bird’s uncommonness. D. It allowed him to use the university’s lab for blood tests. 2.What can be known about the hybrid? A. It has a black face. B. It has a green body. C. It is much larger than any other jay. D. It sings like two birds at the same time. 3.What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. The steps Brian took to study the bird. B. The way Brian made the woman believe him. C. The reasons why Brian fixed a tracker on the bird. D. The difficulty Brian had in finding the bird’s living area. 4.What does the underlined word “overlap” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Disappear. B. Cross. C. Suffer. D. Remain. 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高一上·河南郑州第十九中学模拟试卷一·期中）Enthusiastic travelers may have already heard of “regenerative tourism” along with the idea of sustainability(持续性). Whenever we travel—no matter where or how—we are leaving an impact on the environment and the world surrounding us. While sustainable tourism takes positive steps toward limiting that footprint in order for us to protect environments for future generations, regenerative tourism takes this idea one step further. Regenerative tourism means “the idea that tourists should leave a place in better condition than it was before”. For example, when visiting a garden, each person plants a tree to further build the environment instead of leaving no trace(痕迹). In a way, regenerative tourism involves travelers to be active in their acts of sustainability. Another great example of this is any act of clean-up. This is especially popular on major beaches and in parks where there’s always rubbish to pick up and waste to remove. While travelers certainly don’t need to join in a community clean-up while on vacation (unless they want to), the idea of being involved is very much the same. Joining in regenerative tourism has personal and environmental benefits. Jeffrey Skibins, an associate professor in entertainment and park management, says, “Many tourists report feelings of deep personal satisfaction and a stronger connection to nature. Additionally, conservation (保护) behaviors enable tourists to develop life-long learning around these issues and continue these behaviors at home.” Regenerative means “to renew and revive”, which is exactly what many travelers are doing to help environments recover. Depending on where one plans to travel, there might be more ways to help than originally realized. By further encouraging damaged environments to be renewed through travel rather than being negatively impacted, we can slowly help to rebuild the world’s most beautiful landscapes. 1.What is the aim of regenerative tourism? A. To further improve the environment. B. To limit the footprint of human beings. C. To keep a place in its original condition. D. To dramatically promote global economy. 2.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Designing a bright future for our life. B. Taking part in a community clean-up. C. Renewing our ideas about environments. D. Getting active in the acts of sustainability. 3.What does Jeffrey Skibins think of regenerative tourism? A. It makes travelers closely connected. B. It gives personal satisfaction to travelers. C. It leaves a short-term effect on tourists. D. It helps tourists improve their learning ability. 4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Regenerative tourism invites travelers to do their part B. Travelling patterns make a difference to the environment C. Conservation behavior enjoys its popularity among households D. The idea of sustainability takes root in all enthusiastic travelers 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·河南叶县高中学·期中）Adults who had close contact with natural spaces during their childhood could have a better mental health than those who had less contact, according to a new study by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (IS Global),an institution supported by “la Calxa,” involving four European cities—Spain, the Netherlands, Lithuania and the UK. The all-adult study gave 3,600 participants a questionnaire on how frequently they used natural spaces during childhood — for example, playing in a garden, riding a bike at the park or hiking in a forest. They were also asked about the importance they put on using such places. Volunteers were then given a psychological test, which included a variety of questionnaires and problem-solving activities, to analyze their nervousness and feelings of depression within a four-week period. The results consistently showed that the people who were more exposed (暴露的) to natural spaces had higher mental health scores compared to those with lower childhood exposure — as did those who attached higher importance to using green spaces. The study’s coordinator (协调员), Wilma Zijlema, wrote that the results “show the importance of childhood exposure to natural spaces for the development of a nature-appreciating attitude and a healthy psychological state in adulthood”. She also stressed the importance of “recognizing the meaning of growing up in environments with limited opportunities for exposure to nature”. According to the study, 73 percent of Europe’s population only has limited access (接触机会) to natural spaces. Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, director of IS Global’s Urban Planning, said that “Many children in Europe lead an indoors lifestyle, so it would be desirable to make natural outdoor environments available, attractive and safe for them to play in. We make a call on policymakers to improve the availability of natural spaces for children and green school yards.” While this study was based in Europe, a lack of green space can affect anyone, anywhere. So remember to make time to immerse yourself in nature, as your mental health is just as important as the physical one. 1.What can we learn about the study according to Paragraph one? A. It was carried out only in four European cities. B. It is supported by all the adults who are physically healthy. C. It indicates the more contact with nature, the happier one’s childhood will be. D. It shows adulthood mental health could be related to childhood exposure to nature. 2.What do we know about the study? A. The participants were from all over the world. B. The participants included both children and adults. C. It focused on the participants’ physical health state. D. It consisted of a questionnaire and a psychological test. 3.What do Paragraphs 5-6 mainly talk about? A. The process of the study. B. The method of the study. C. The value of the study. D. The difficulties of the study. 4.Which of the following is a suitable title of the passage? A. Importance of Physical Health. B. Benefits of Natural Green Spaces. C. Values of Psychological examinations. D. Problems of Europe’s Young Population. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·河南方城县第一高中学-10月·期中）A self-driving robot has been introduced recently. This robot is useful because it takes over regular monitoring tasks from police officers. This lets the officers focus on other important jobs related to keeping the community safe. As a live monitoring system, it allows people at the communication center to watch the camera feeds in real time. The robot has four cameras built into it, and they keep recording all the time. So, wherever the robot goes, it collects all the visual and surrounding information. This makes sure it gathers complete data(数据) when it is being used. Besides, the robot is able to read license plates(车牌号码) by itself so it can recognise and record the cars in parking areas, which helps track cars easily. Another important part of the robot is an easy-to-use button. If people need help or want to get in touch with the communication center, they can simply press the button. On the other side, security(安全) workers watch the system all the time. They can send messages through the robot to those who pressed the button. If something bad happens, the police can see the situation right away through the robot’s cameras. Then they can come quickly to check what is going on. The self-driving robot gave a good performance at a conference, which made people think it could be used in parks, since there have been more worries about park safety lately. The robot moves along a pre-set path, but this path can be changed to meet different needs.For example, it can be adjusted(调整) when there are special events or when the safety needs of the park change. To keep people safe when they are near the robot, the robot is made to stop for a short time if it senses someone getting too close. All the data from the robot, including the video recordings, is saved. If a dangerous event happens, these recordings can be looked at later. This helps work out what happened step by step. 1.What is one function of the robot’s cameras? A. They record continuously to collect data. B. They recognise users by their facial features. C. They send out safety warnings in crowded areas. D. They allow the public to control the robot’s movement. 2.What is the third paragraph mainly about? A. The details of the robot’s camera system. B. The robot’s ability to deal with large amounts of data. C. The history of robotic development for security purposes. D. The communication between the public and security workers. 3.Why did people consider using the robot in parks? A. To attract more visitors. B. To raise safety levels. C. To take the place of human workers. D. To meet the government’s requirements. 4.Which can be the best title for the text? A. The Rise of Modern Policing B. New Technologies Are Changing Lifestyle C. The Development of Robots in Event Management D. The Self-Driving Robot Is Improving Public Security 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高一上·河南叶县高中学·期中）According to a large study of activity levels and arthritis (关节炎) pain, there seems to be no link between the amount of exercise people do and whether they develop painful osteoarthritis in their knees. But the research couldn’t rule out that high-impact forms of exercise like running bring on the condition. Osteoarthritis is more common as people get older and is sometimes called a “wear and tear” condition. Arthritic knees often have obvious damage to their cartilage which covers and protects the ends of bones. Earlier studies have found conflicting (矛盾的) results on whether exercise can make arthritis more likely. So Lucy Gates at the University of Southampton in the UK and her colleagues joined together the results of six such studies, which over 5,000 people took part in who firstly had no knee pain or other sign of arthritis. At the beginning, people were asked about how much exercise they did, including playing sports, walking and cycling. They recorded the general time spent exercising each week, and their activities were graded by their metabolic equivalent, or MET (代谢当量) scores, a standard way of dividing activities into different types according to how much they raise a person’s metabolic rate. At the end of the studies, which lasted from five to twelve years, people were also asked if they had developed knee pain or arthritis. The probability of developing arthritis wasn’t associated with activity levels, either by how much time people spent exercising each week or by their total time and MET scores. “There’s more work to be done on telling apart risk and different types of activity,” says Gates. “The next step is to figure out how different weight-bearing activities might change things. We can’t say there’s no relationship there,” says team member Thomas Perry at the University of Oxford. 1.What is the finding of the large study? A. Too much exercise leads to arthritis. B. Arthritis is common among old people. C. Sports-loving persons are in better health. D. Exercise may not be responsible for osteoarthritis. 2.What made Lucy Gates and her colleagues do the large study? A. Their love for exercise. B. The goal to treat knee pain. C. The results of earlier studies. D. Their care for those 5,000 people. 3.How did Lucy Gates and her colleagues do the large study? A. By studying the cause of pain knees. B. By tracking and recording for a long time. C. By asking people to fill in online questionnaires. D. By grading and recording people’s metabolic rates. 4.In which column of a newspaper may this text appear? A. Education. B. Jobs. C. Sports. D. Arts. 主题语境04 人与自然-自然生态 （25-26高一上·河南郑州第一中学·期中）The ability to solve complex math problems is one thing that sets humans apart from the rest of the animal kingdom. Despite this fact, some animals do seem to have at least one basic mathematical ability-they can, in a sense, count. In the early 1900s, the horse Clever Hans drew worldwide attention in Berlin when his trainer showed that he could count and solve math problems, tapping his feet to indicate a number. However, researchers later discovered that Clever Hans didn’t actually have mathematical skills, but the horse did own impressive observation skills. That is, he was unable to answer questions that his questioners also couldn’t answer because Clever Hans was actually reading minute facial and body language clues to determine the correct responses. While Clever Hans failed his math quiz a century ago, studies in more recent decades have shown that many species do actually have a “number sense”. In the late 1980s, researchers showed that chimpanzees (黑猩猩) could add up the number of pieces of chocolate in two food bowls (up to five pieces of chocolate in each bowl), compare it with the sum of two other food bowls, and correctly choose the larger of the two sums 90 percent of the time. Some other mammals, including lions, wolves and black bears, have also showed the ability to discriminate (辨别) between quantities — and so have animals from various other animal classes. Some research suggests that the number sense may be something that certain animals are born with. In 2015, scientists found that baby chicks as young as 3 days old could identify smaller and larger quantities and might even think of numbers on a “number line” running from left to right, similar to humans. Whatever the case, our number sense is not unique in the animal kingdom. In fact, it may not be something that’s reserved to just animals: Venus flytraps can also “count”. 1.How did Clever Hans give the correct answer to the math problem? A. By tapping his feet to count. B. By guessing the answer casually. C. By turning to his trainer for help. D. By reading the questioner’s response. 2.What can chimpanzees do according to the study? A. They can tell the difference between quantities. B. They can pass the quiz with observation skills. C. They can choose food bowls of specific shape. D. They can add up all pieces of chocolate in four bowls. 3.What is a Venus flytrap? A. An insect. B. A fish. C. A bird. D. A plant. 4.Which can be the best title for the text? A. Can animals count? B. Can animals use numbers? C. Animals’ mathematical training. D. Animals’ problem-solving ability. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题03阅读理解（说明文） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 【答案】1.D2.B3.D4C 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.D3.D4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.C3.D4.A Passage 3 【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.A 主题语境03人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.D Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.B 主题语境04人与自然-环境 【答案】1.D2.C3.D 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 1/3 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.A 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.C3.D4.C Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.A Passage 3 【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.C Passage 4 【答案】1.D2.C3.A4.D Passage 5 【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.B 主题语境03人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1.D2.C3.A4B 主题语境04人与自然-环境 【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.D 主题语境05人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.D Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.A3.A4.B 拓展培优 主题语境01人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 213 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 【答案】1.A2.D3.B4.A 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.D3.C4.B Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.D3.B4.D 主题语境03人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.C 主题语境04人与自然-自然生态 【答案】1.D2.A3.D4.A 3/3