【周周有招】新教材同步尖子班讲义第6讲 Unit 4 Space Exploration （不定式目的结果总搞混）-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册（教师版+学生版）

本讲义聚焦动词不定式作目的、结果、原因状语核心知识点，系统梳理only to do（意外结果）与目的状语的语义区分，of sb（描述品格）/for sb（描述性质）的选择规则，以及感官/使役动词“主动省to、被动还to”考点。通过定位导入对比语境差异，核心精讲分类型配题，易错辨析实战对比，写作迁移与三步解题法小结，构建完整学习支架。 该资料以航天探索主题（如火箭发射、火星探测器）贯穿例句与练习，贴近单元主题提升语言运用能力。通过“三步解题法”培养逻辑分析思维，分层闯关演练（基础到综合语篇）和写作迁移（如用only to do升级句子）助力学习能力提升，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后练习帮助学生查漏补缺。

Unit 4 Space Exploration 精品讲义2027春高一（下）英语-新教材人教版必修三 第6讲 动词不定式作状语 语法讲练（教师版） 语法专题 ● 不定式作目的/结果/原因状语 ———————————————————————————— 【课时安排】 本讲为Unit 4语法板块第6讲，建议用时1课时（45分钟）。定位导入4分钟，核心精讲与配题20分钟，易错辨析实战10分钟，写作迁移6分钟，课堂小结与课后任务布置5分钟。 【学习目标】 1. 能判断不定式作目的、结果、原因状语的语境，在语法填空中准确写出 to do 形式。 2. 能区分 only to do（意外结果）与 to do（目的）的语义界线。 3. 能依据形容词描述“人的品格”还是“事情的性质”，选择 of sb to do 或 for sb to do。 4. 能识别感官/使役动词“主动省 to、被动还 to”的考点，并用三种结构升级写作。 ———————————————————————————— 一、定位导入：一字之差，考点就换 句A：He went to the lab to check the data. 句B：He went to the lab, only to find the data was gone. 不少同学把句B译成“他去实验室，为了发现数据不见了”。译出来语法不算错，意思却拧了——“为了发现”是主动奔着目标去，而“数据不见了”是撞上的一桩坏消息。谁会“为了”一个坏结果专门跑一趟？ 所以语法填空里随手填 to check 或 to find，单看语法都站得住，分数却差一半：to check 只说“目的”，没点破“意外结果”。一字之差，考点就换。 把 only 加到 to do 前头，功能就从“主动追求”掉头成“被动承受”。only 是“结果却是”，专门用来跟前面的努力唱反调。这正是高考盯住的语义界线。 ———————————————————————————— 二、核心精讲与随堂配题 1. 目的状语：答“为了什么” 看到空格要填 to do，先问一句：这个动作是主语主动想达成的那件事吗？是，目的状语；不是，往下一个考点走。 • to do：最常用，句首句中都能放。 • in order to do：偏正式，句首句中皆可。 • so as to do：偏正式，只能站句中，句首是大忌。 一个送分也送命的点：The team double-checked the data ______ (make) sure there were no errors. 有同学一上来写 So as to make——so as to 永远不能站句首，句首要 To 或 In order to。正确填 to make / in order to make。 经典例句： • The engineers built a second launch pad to test the new rocket.（句中） • In order to ensure safety, the team delayed the launch.（句首） • The team double-checked the data so as to make sure there were no errors.（句中） 句首只用 To / In order to；so as to 绝不句首。 【配题1 · 语法填空】 Engineers ______ (build) a second launch pad ______ (test) the new heavy-lift rocket. 【解析】 built; to test。第一空是已完成的动作，用一般过去时；第二空表目的，填 to test。 【配题2 · 语法填空】 The satellite was designed with special sensors ______ (reveal) the hidden craters on the moon. 【解析】 to reveal。表目的，reveal 用主动——设计的目的是传感器去揭示环形山，逻辑主语就是句子主语。 2. 结果状语：答“结果怎样” （1）only to do：出乎意料的结果（往往不如意） He hurried to the station, only to miss the train. 这里的 only 不给“仅仅”的理，只给结果盖“意外、多半不妙”的章。把握住这一层，区分目的和结果就不再靠猜。 主语是“被动的承受者”时，升级成 only to be done：She opened the door, only to be told the meeting had been cancelled.（最易错写成 to tell。） （2）too… to…：太……而不能……（否定结果，语序：too + adj./adv. + to do） too 把形容词/副词推到“过界”的程度，动作就发生不了。 • The gravity is too strong to escape without a powerful rocket.（too + adj. + to do） （3）enough to do：足够……能够……（肯定结果，语序：adj./adv. + enough + to do） enough 把程度推到“及格线”以上，动作就做得成。 • The fuel is enough to reach Mars.（adj. + enough + to do） （4）so… as to do：如此……以至于…… • The solar flare was so intense as to disrupt communications. 【配题3 · 语法填空】 The ground crew was proud, only ______ (find) a minor leak in the fuel pipe. 【解析】 to find。only 加逗号 → only to do，表意外结果。 【配题4 · 语法填空】 The radiation level was too high for the equipment ______ (keep) working normally. 【解析】 to keep。too… for sb/sth to do 结构，不定式保持主动。 【配题5 · 句式转换】（注意从句用 can/could） ① The team worked day and night in order to finish the project on time. → The team worked day and night so that they could finish the project on time. ② The fuel tank is large enough to hold 500 liters. → The fuel tank is so large that it can hold 500 liters. 3. 原因状语：情绪背后的“为什么” I am glad to see you. 难道“看到你”是“我高兴”的目的？显然不是——这里的 to do 在答“为什么”。它约等于 because 从句：I am glad to see you. = I am glad because I see you. 所以一撞见 glad, sorry, surprised, proud 这类情绪形容词，后面的 to do 十有八九是原因状语。 • We are glad to hear the good news.（≈ because we hear it） 补一个时态上的弯：to have done 表“情绪指向已完成的动作”。判断就一句——动作发生在谓语之前，还是之后/同时？之前用 to have done，之后/同时用 to do。 • I am glad to see you.（现在看到 → to do） • I am glad to have met you.（已见过 → to have done） • She was proud to have finished the mission.（已完成 → to have done） 【配题6 · 语法填空】 The scientists were surprised ______ (discover) water on the dry planet. 【解析】 to discover。surprised 是情绪形容词，to do 表原因。 4. 逻辑主语：for sb to do 还是 of sb to do 两步判据： 第一步，看形容词在形容谁：人的品格（kind, brave, wise, foolish, clever, careless）→ of；事情的性质（important, necessary, difficult, easy, possible, dangerous）→ for。 第二步，验证：改成 Sb is adj。语义通顺且夸的是人 → of；不通或意思变了 → for。 of 管“属性”：It is kind of you 即“你很善良”，评的是人；for 管“对于”：It is important for you 即“它对你是重要的”，评的是事。验证法就扎根在这层底子上。 • It is brave of the astronaut to walk in space.（The astronaut is brave. ✓ → of） • It is necessary for us to wear spacesuits.（We are necessary. ✗ → for） 【配题7 · 语法填空】 It was careless ______ the technician to forget the backup battery before the launch. 【解析】 of。careless 描述人的品格。有同学填 for，觉得“粗心”说的是“忘带电池”这件事——但粗心只能长在人身上。验证：The technician was careless. ✓ → of。 5. 从句互换 • 目的：in order to do / so as to do ⇔ so that + 从句（can/could/may/might do） • 结果：enough to do ⇔ so… that… can do；too… to… ⇔ so… that… cannot/can't do 6. 辨析卡片：看到这些动词，先别急着填 to do 【辨析卡片】感官/使役动词的“主动省，被动还” • 感官动词（see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel）+ sb + do（省略 to，表全过程） • 使役动词（make, let, have）+ sb + do（省略 to） • 致命考点：变被动语态时，to 必须还原！即 sb be made/seen/heard to do • 注：这些不定式作的是“宾语补足语”，不是“状语”。高考不告诉你它是哪一类，必须打包掌握。 规则背后有两条路：语法上 make sb do 省 to、sb be made to do 还原 to；语义上主动在讲“命令”这个动作，被动在讲“主语被怎么样”，所以 to 要回来。 【配题8 · 语法填空】 The chief engineer made the team ______ (recheck) all the wiring. The team was made ______ (recheck) all the wiring after the anomaly. 【解析】 第一空 recheck（主动，make sb do，省 to）；第二空 to recheck（被动，were made，to 还原）。口诀：主动省，被动还。 ———————————————————————————— 三、易错辨析实战：目的 vs 结果 1. 对比组 A ① He woke up early to watch the sunrise.（目的） ② He woke up early, only to find it was raining.（结果：不如意） 2. 对比组 B ① She studied hard to pass the exam.（目的） ② She studied hard, only to fail by one point.（结果：意外） 【考场速判口诀】 看见 only 加逗号，结果意外跑不掉；没有 only 看语境，主动追求是目的。 【追问】 去掉 only：He woke up early to find it was raining. 对吗？意思有何变化？ 答： 语法没错，但意思变成“他早起是为了发现下雨”，逻辑荒谬。可见 only 决定的是“追求”还是“承受”。 ———————————————————————————— 四、分层闯关演练 1. A组：基础巩固 ⭐ 1. The new telescope is powerful enough ______ (observe) galaxies billions of light-years away. 2. It is foolish ______ him to ignore the safety warnings during the spacewalk. 3. The probe was sent to the outer solar system ______ (search) for signs of life. 4. It is dangerous for children ______ (play) near the launch site. 【A组答案解析】 1. to observe。enough to do 表肯定结果。 2. of。foolish 描述人的品格（验证：He is foolish. ✓）→ of。 3. to search。表目的，被送去是为了寻找。 4. for。dangerous 描述事情性质（验证：Children are dangerous ✗ 语义错）→ for。 2. B组：进阶辨析 ⭐⭐ 1. The astronaut trained for months in order ______ (adapt) to the microgravity environment. 2. The rover changed course in order ______ (avoid) the rocky area. 3. The signal was so weak as ______ (cause) the ground team to lose contact with the station. 4. They lifted the heavy equipment, only ______ (drop) it on the floor. 【B组答案解析】 1. to adapt。in order to do 表目的。 2. to avoid。in order to do 表目的。 3. to cause。so… as to do 表结果（cause 用主动，主语 signal 是施动者）。 4. to drop。only to do 表意外/不如意结果。 3. C组：综合语篇 ⭐⭐⭐ 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The mission control team stayed 1.______ the control room all night. They were eager 2.______ (receive) the first signal from the Mars rover. The rover was designed 3.______ (collect) soil samples, but the terrain was too rough for it 4.______ (move) fast. The signal was too weak 5.______ (carry) any clear image. The engineers tried to boost the signal, only 6.______ (fail) three times. Finally, a clear "beep" was heard, 7.______ (make) everyone cheer. They were proud 8.______ (achieve) the impossible. It was a great success, proving that human curiosity is strong enough 9.______ (overcome) any obstacle, and 10.______ (let) us look forward to the next mission. 【C组答案解析】 1. in。stay in the control room。 2. to receive。eager to do 固定搭配。 3. to collect。be designed to do 表目的。 4. to move。too… for sb/sth to do 结构。 5. to carry。too… to… 结构。主动 to carry 不用 to be carried——逻辑主语就是句子主语（信号“无法传输图像”），主动表被动。类比：The water is too hot to drink. 6. to fail。only to do 表意外结果。 7. making。现在分词作结果状语，表顺理成章的结果。高考语篇不只考一种语法点。 8. to have achieved。proud + to do 表原因；“取得成就”已完成 → to have done。填 to achieve 语义矛盾。 9. to overcome。enough to do 表肯定结果。 10. letting。现在分词作伴随/结果状语（success 与 let 主动关系）。 ———————————————————————————— 五、写作迁移：让知识在笔尖落地 初稿常是“简单句+简单句”的松散堆砌。本讲的不定式结构能把两句并成一句，句式一下就紧凑起来。 • 治疗1（原因状语）：We were very happy. We won the first prize. → 升级：We were happy to win the first prize. • 治疗2（目的状语前置）：We want to explore Mars. We are developing new propulsion systems. → 升级：To explore Mars, we are developing new propulsion systems. 【当堂小练】 1. 用 only to do 写句子（体现意外结果）： The scientists spent three years developing the new sensor. In the end, they found it could not work in extreme temperatures. 【参考】 The scientists spent three years developing the new sensor, only to find/discover that it could not work in extreme temperatures. 2. 用 in order to do 写句子（目的状语放句首）： The team collected soil samples. They wanted to test for signs of microbial life. 【参考】 In order to test for signs of microbial life, the team collected soil samples. 3. 用本讲学到的至少两种不定式结构（目的、结果、原因），描写一次“失败的实验”或“意外的发现”，要求必须使用 only to do 和 adj + to do 结构。 ———————————————————————————— 六、本讲小结：三步解题法 第一步：看邻居。空格前有没有 only？有 → only to do；没有 → 第二步。 第二步：看主人。空格前是 too / enough / so… as 吗？有 too → too… to…（注意主动表被动）；有 enough → enough to do；有 so… as → so… as to do。 第三步：看心情。空格前是情绪形容词（glad, sorry, surprised…）吗？是 → adj + to do 表原因；动作已完成 → 叠加 to have done。 附加判断：需交代“谁去做”？事情性质（necessary, easy, dangerous）→ for sb to do；人的品格（kind, brave, foolish）→ of sb to do。 终极提醒：感官/使役动词 → 先判断是不是“宾补”→ 主动省 to，被动还 to。 ———————————————————————————— 七、课后巩固练习（教师版 · 附答案解析） 1. 语法填空（共8小题） 1. The astronauts trained for months in order ______ (adapt) to the microgravity environment. 2. The hatch was too heavy for one person ______ (open) alone. 3. The mission control team was relieved ______ (receive) the signal from the spacecraft. 4. It was careless ______ the technician to forget the backup battery. 5. The probe traveled billions of miles, only ______ (discover) that the target planet had no atmosphere. 6. ______ (save) energy, the space station is equipped with solar panels. 7. The astronaut looked out of the window, only ______ (see) the vast emptiness of space. 8. She was the first woman ______ (walk) in space. 2. 句式转换（共3小题） 1. The solar panels are large enough to power the entire station. → The solar panels are so large ______ ______ ______ power the entire station. 2. She worked overtime so that she could complete the report before the deadline. → She worked overtime ______ ______ ______ the report before the deadline. 3. The signal was too weak to carry any clear image. → The signal was ______ weak ______ it ______ carry any clear image. 3. 写作升级（共1题） 合并为使用 adj + to do 表原因的高级句式： The team received the final data. They were extremely excited. ———————————————————————————— 【课后巩固练习 · 答案解析】 1. 语法填空 1. to adapt。in order to do 表目的。有同学写成 to adapting，误以为 to 是介词——这里 to 是不定式标志，接动词原形。 2. to open。too… for sb to do 结构，不定式用主动。 3. to receive。relieved 是情绪形容词，adj + to do 表原因。 4. of。careless 描述人的品质（验证 ✓）。 5. to discover。only to do 表意外结果。 6. To save。to do 表目的，句首（注意大写）。 7. to see。only to do 表意外结果。 8. to walk。the first (woman) 后接不定式作定语。 2. 句式转换 1. so large that it can power the entire station.（enough to do → so… that… can） 2. in order to complete（或 so as to complete） 3. so; that; couldn't / could not（too… to… → so… that… can't） 3. 写作升级 参考答案：The team were extremely excited to receive the final data. 评分要点：①合并为一句；②用 be + adj + to do 表原因；③语义完整清晰。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Space Exploration 精品讲义2027春高一（下）英语-新教材人教版必修三 第6讲 动词不定式作状语 语法讲练（学生版） 语法专题 ● 不定式作目的/结果/原因状语 ———————————————————————————— 【课时安排】 本讲为Unit 4语法板块第6讲，建议用时1课时（45分钟）。定位导入4分钟，核心精讲与配题20分钟，易错辨析实战10分钟，写作迁移6分钟，课堂小结与课后任务布置5分钟。 【学习目标】 1. 能判断不定式作目的、结果、原因状语的语境，在语法填空中准确写出 to do 形式。 2. 能区分 only to do（意外结果）与 to do（目的）的语义界线。 3. 能依据形容词描述“人的品格”还是“事情的性质”，选择 of sb to do 或 for sb to do。 4. 能识别感官/使役动词“主动省 to、被动还 to”的考点，并用三种结构升级写作。 ———————————————————————————— 一、定位导入：一字之差，考点就换 句A：He went to the lab to check the data. 句B：He went to the lab, only to find the data was gone. 不少同学把句B译成“他去实验室，为了发现数据不见了”。译出来语法不算错，意思却拧了——“为了发现”是主动奔着目标去，而“数据不见了”是撞上的一桩坏消息。谁会“为了”一个坏结果专门跑一趟？ 所以语法填空里随手填 to check 或 to find，单看语法都站得住，分数却差一半：to check 只说“目的”，没点破“意外结果”。一字之差，考点就换。 把 only 加到 to do 前头，功能就从“主动追求”掉头成“被动承受”。only 是“结果却是”，专门用来跟前面的努力唱反调。这正是高考盯住的语义界线。 ———————————————————————————— 二、核心精讲与随堂配题 1. 目的状语：答“为了什么” 看到空格要填 to do，先问一句：这个动作是主语主动想达成的那件事吗？是，目的状语；不是，往下一个考点走。 • to do：最常用，句首句中都能放。 • in order to do：偏正式，句首句中皆可。 • so as to do：偏正式，只能站句中，句首是大忌。 一个送分也送命的点：The team double-checked the data ______ (make) sure there were no errors. 有同学一上来写 So as to make——so as to 永远不能站句首，句首要 To 或 In order to——你的答案：______________________ 经典例句： • The engineers built a second launch pad to test the new rocket.（句中） • In order to ensure safety, the team delayed the launch.（句首） • The team double-checked the data so as to make sure there were no errors.（句中） 句首只用 To / In order to；so as to 绝不句首。 【配题1 · 语法填空】 Engineers ______ (build) a second launch pad ______ (test) the new heavy-lift rocket. 【想一想】先判时态：这个“建”的动作发生在说话之前，该用哪种过去时？再判不定式：第二个空格在回答“建发射台是为了什么”——目的还是结果？ 【配题2 · 语法填空】 The satellite was designed with special sensors ______ (reveal) the hidden craters on the moon. 【想一想】问自己：设计传感器，是为了让它“揭示环形山”，还是它撞上了环形山？这决定填目的状语。再想：reveal 这个动作，是谁发出的？ 2. 结果状语：答“结果怎样” （1）only to do：出乎意料的结果（往往不如意） He hurried to the station, only to miss the train. 这里的 only 不给“仅仅”的理，只给结果盖“意外、多半不妙”的章。把握住这一层，区分目的和结果就不再靠猜。 主语是“被动的承受者”时，升级成 only to be done：She opened the door, only to be told the meeting had been cancelled.（最易错写成 to tell。） （2）too… to…：太……而不能……（否定结果，语序：too + adj./adv. + to do） too 把形容词/副词推到“过界”的程度，动作就发生不了。 • The gravity is too strong to escape without a powerful rocket.（too + adj. + to do） （3）enough to do：足够……能够……（肯定结果，语序：adj./adv. + enough + to do） enough 把程度推到“及格线”以上，动作就做得成。 • The fuel is enough to reach Mars.（adj. + enough + to do） （4）so… as to do：如此……以至于…… • The solar flare was so intense as to disrupt communications. 【配题3 · 语法填空】 The ground crew was proud, only ______ (find) a minor leak in the fuel pipe. 【想一想】only 后跟逗号，把句子拆成“主句 + , only + 不定式”，这是表意外结果的标志结构。这个“发现漏油”是预料的还是撞上的？ 【配题4 · 语法填空】 The radiation level was too high for the equipment ______ (keep) working normally. 【想一想】句中有 too… for sb/sth to do 结构。是设备“没法保持运转”（主动），还是设备“被保持”（被动）？不定式用主动还是被动？ 【配题5 · 句式转换】（注意从句用 can/could） ① The team worked day and night in order to finish the project on time. → The team worked day and night so that they ______________________________________. ② The fuel tank is large enough to hold 500 liters. → The fuel tank is so large that it ________________________________________. 3. 原因状语：情绪背后的“为什么” I am glad to see you. 难道“看到你”是“我高兴”的目的？显然不是——这里的 to do 在答“为什么”。它约等于 because 从句：I am glad to see you. = I am glad because I see you. 所以一撞见 glad, sorry, surprised, proud 这类情绪形容词，后面的 to do 十有八九是原因状语。 • We are glad to hear the good news.（≈ because we hear it） 补一个时态上的弯：to have done 表“情绪指向已完成的动作”。判断就一句——动作发生在谓语之前，还是之后/同时？之前用 to have done，之后/同时用 to do。 • I am glad to see you.（现在看到 → to do） • I am glad to have met you.（已见过 → to have done） • She was proud to have finished the mission.（已完成 → to have done） 【配题6 · 语法填空】 The scientists were surprised ______ (discover) water on the dry planet. 【想一想】surprised 是表示情绪的形容词。看到这类词，后面的 to do 一般在回答“为什么”——是目的，还是原因？ 4. 逻辑主语：for sb to do 还是 of sb to do 两步判据： 第一步，看形容词在形容谁：人的品格（kind, brave, wise, foolish, clever, careless）→ of；事情的性质（important, necessary, difficult, easy, possible, dangerous）→ for。 第二步，验证：改成 Sb is adj。语义通顺且夸的是人 → of；不通或意思变了 → for。 of 管“属性”：It is kind of you 即“你很善良”，评的是人；for 管“对于”：It is important for you 即“它对你是重要的”，评的是事。验证法就扎根在这层底子上。 • It is brave of the astronaut to walk in space.（The astronaut is brave. ✓ → of） • It is necessary for us to wear spacesuits.（We are necessary. ✗ → for） 【配题7 · 语法填空】 It was careless ______ the technician to forget the backup battery before the launch. 【想一想】careless 是在评人的品格，还是评事情的性质？用“验证法”：The technician was careless. 语义通吗？据此在 of 与 for 之间选。 5. 从句互换 • 目的：in order to do / so as to do ⇔ so that + 从句（can/could/may/might do） • 结果：enough to do ⇔ so… that… can do；too… to… ⇔ so… that… cannot/can't do 6. 辨析卡片：看到这些动词，先别急着填 to do 【辨析卡片】感官/使役动词的“主动省，被动还” • 感官动词（see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel）+ sb + do（省略 to，表全过程） • 使役动词（make, let, have）+ sb + do（省略 to） • 致命考点：变被动语态时，to 必须还原！即 sb be made/seen/heard to do • 注：这些不定式作的是“宾语补足语”，不是“状语”。高考不告诉你它是哪一类，必须打包掌握。 规则背后有两条路：语法上 make sb do 省 to、sb be made to do 还原 to；语义上主动在讲“命令”这个动作，被动在讲“主语被怎么样”，所以 to 要回来。 【配题8 · 语法填空】 The chief engineer made the team ______ (recheck) all the wiring. The team was made ______ (recheck) all the wiring after the anomaly. 【想一想】第一句：make sb do 是主动语态，不定式省不省 to？第二句：变成 was made 是被动语态，to 要不要还原？套“主动省，被动还”的口诀判断。 ———————————————————————————— 三、易错辨析实战：目的 vs 结果 1. 对比组 A ① He woke up early to watch the sunrise.（目的） ② He woke up early, only to find it was raining.（结果：不如意） 2. 对比组 B ① She studied hard to pass the exam.（目的） ② She studied hard, only to fail by one point.（结果：意外） 【考场速判口诀】 看见 only 加逗号，结果意外跑不掉；没有 only 看语境，主动追求是目的。 【追问】 去掉 only：He woke up early to find it was raining. 对吗？意思有何变化？ 我的判断：____________________________________ ———————————————————————————— 四、分层闯关演练 1. A组：基础巩固 ⭐ 1. The new telescope is powerful enough ______ (observe) galaxies billions of light-years away. 2. It is foolish ______ him to ignore the safety warnings during the spacewalk. 3. The probe was sent to the outer solar system ______ (search) for signs of life. 4. It is dangerous for children ______ (play) near the launch site. 2. B组：进阶辨析 ⭐⭐ 1. The astronaut trained for months in order ______ (adapt) to the microgravity environment. 2. The rover changed course in order ______ (avoid) the rocky area. 3. The signal was so weak as ______ (cause) the ground team to lose contact with the station. 4. They lifted the heavy equipment, only ______ (drop) it on the floor. 3. C组：综合语篇 ⭐⭐⭐ 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The mission control team stayed 1.______ the control room all night. They were eager 2.______ (receive) the first signal from the Mars rover. The rover was designed 3.______ (collect) soil samples, but the terrain was too rough for it 4.______ (move) fast. The signal was too weak 5.______ (carry) any clear image. The engineers tried to boost the signal, only 6.______ (fail) three times. Finally, a clear "beep" was heard, 7.______ (make) everyone cheer. They were proud 8.______ (achieve) the impossible. It was a great success, proving that human curiosity is strong enough 9.______ (overcome) any obstacle, and 10.______ (let) us look forward to the next mission. 五、写作迁移：让知识在笔尖落地 初稿常是“简单句+简单句”的松散堆砌。本讲的不定式结构能把两句并成一句，句式一下就紧凑起来。 • 治疗1（原因状语）：We were very happy. We won the first prize. → 升级：We were happy to win the first prize. • 治疗2（目的状语前置）：We want to explore Mars. We are developing new propulsion systems. → 升级：To explore Mars, we are developing new propulsion systems. 【当堂小练】 1. 用 only to do 写句子（体现意外结果）： The scientists spent three years developing the new sensor. In the end, they found it could not work in extreme temperatures. 【作答区】________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 用 in order to do 写句子（目的状语放句首）： The team collected soil samples. They wanted to test for signs of microbial life. 【作答区】________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 用本讲学到的至少两种不定式结构（目的、结果、原因），描写一次“失败的实验”或“意外的发现”，要求必须使用 only to do 和 adj + to do 结构。 ———————————————————————————— 六、本讲小结：三步解题法 第一步：看邻居。空格前有没有 only？有 → only to do；没有 → 第二步。 第二步：看主人。空格前是 too / enough / so… as 吗？有 too → too… to…（注意主动表被动）；有 enough → enough to do；有 so… as → so… as to do。 第三步：看心情。空格前是情绪形容词（glad, sorry, surprised…）吗？是 → adj + to do 表原因；动作已完成 → 叠加 to have done。 附加判断：需交代“谁去做”？事情性质（necessary, easy, dangerous）→ for sb to do；人的品格（kind, brave, foolish）→ of sb to do。 终极提醒：感官/使役动词 → 先判断是不是“宾补”→ 主动省 to，被动还 to。 ———————————————————————————— 七、课后巩固练习（学生版） 1. 语法填空（共8小题） 1. The astronauts trained for months in order ______ (adapt) to the microgravity environment. 2. The hatch was too heavy for one person ______ (open) alone. 3. The mission control team was relieved ______ (receive) the signal from the spacecraft. 4. It was careless ______ the technician to forget the backup battery. 5. The probe traveled billions of miles, only ______ (discover) that the target planet had no atmosphere. 6. ______ (save) energy, the space station is equipped with solar panels. 7. The astronaut looked out of the window, only ______ (see) the vast emptiness of space. 8. She was the first woman ______ (walk) in space. 2. 句式转换（共3小题） 1. The solar panels are large enough to power the entire station. → The solar panels are so large ______ ______ ______ power the entire station. 2. She worked overtime so that she could complete the report before the deadline. → She worked overtime ______ ______ ______ the report before the deadline. 3. The signal was too weak to carry any clear image. → The signal was ______ weak ______ it ______ carry any clear image. 3. 写作升级（共1题） 合并为使用 adj + to do 表原因的高级句式： The team received the final data. They were extremely excited. ———————————————————————————— 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $