UNIT 4 Section Ⅳ Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing(学用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（人教版）

本高中英语讲义围绕“太空探索”主题，系统构建语言知识与写作技能学习支架。先通过话题词汇（如“scientific breakthrough”“aerospace science”）和句式（如感叹句“How I wish...”）积累语料，再以“宇航员太空饮食”情境对话填空实现语言应用，进而过渡到议论文阅读分析（含作者态度、论证逻辑）与写作实践，形成“输入-内化-输出”的完整学习链。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养。语言能力方面，设计“话题表达实战”对话填空（如“一个盛满水的杯子如何放置”），提升情境语言运用；思维品质方面，通过议论文阅读题（如“太空探索如何对抗饥饿”）和课文结构分析（分论点“对抗饥饿、推动技术、解决人口”），培养分析与论证能力。核心词汇（如“argue”“run out”）和句型（动词-ing作主语）的用法解析及练习，助力学生课后自主查漏补缺，课中则辅助教师高效引导语言实践与思维训练。

Section Ⅳ　Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing Part Ⅰ　Talk about life in space 话题表达实战 1.How astronauts eat 2.a cup full of/filled with water 3.is placed on the table 4.All kinds of food 5.soup， juice and jam 6.How I wish I had a chance Part Ⅱ　Present an argument about space exploration 【速读语篇·知文意】 1－3　AAC 【核心知识·巧突破】 核心词汇集释 1.①for　②arguments ③arguing with him over/about the question 2.provide/supply； with provide/supply/offer； for/to offer me some suggestions 3.ran out； was used up； ran out of his food 重点句型解构 1.①was hard to handle　②is easy to get along with ③is comfortable to breathe； is pleasant to enjoy 2.①Being lost in the forest； it is no use feeling frightened； finding my way out of the forest　②it is a waste of time arguing with him　③Concentrating on learning English 【演练佳作·写美文】 写作步骤 二、1.on whether space is worth exploring 2.holding the belief that space exploration is too far away from our daily lives and is a waste of money 3.hold an opposite view； benefited a lot from it 4.solve the population problem by moving to other planets 5.As far as I’m concerned， it is worthwhile to explore/exploring space. 6.Not only can it promote the development of society 三、　　30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile， holding the belief that space exploration is too far away from our daily lives and is a waste of money.However， 70% of us hold an opposite view， because we have benefited a lot from it， such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast.What’s more， with further space research， we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. 四、 　　Recently our class has had a heated discussion on whether space is worth exploring.Students hold different ideas about it. 　　30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile， holding the belief that space exploration is too far away from our daily lives and is a waste of money.However， 70% of us hold an opposite view， because we have benefited a lot from it， such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast.What’s more， with further space research， we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. 　　As far as I’m concerned， it is worthwhile to explore space.Not only can it promote the development of society， but it can also enrich our lives. 【教材词汇·练续写】 第一步 1.Having argued with my mother 2.Disappointed and frustrated 3.sighed for lack of money 4.greeted me with a kind smile and signaled me to sit down 5.I was moved to tears. 6.has been providing for you 7.leapt to my feet and ran for home like a wind 第二步 it is your mother who has been providing for you since you were born 第三步 　　Having argued with my mother fiercely， I stormed out of the house， slamming the door heavily.Disappointed and frustrated， I felt like floating in an ocean of limitless sadness.Later， I stood beside a stand and sighed for lack of money.The seller noticed my dilemma， greeted me with a kind smile and signaled me to sit down.I was moved to tears.The seller smiled， “Girl， it is your mother who has been providing for you since you were born！” I wiped my tears， leapt to my feet and ran for home like a wind. 【随堂检测·要过关】 Ⅰ.1.recycle　2.global　3.resources　4.keen　5.otherwise Ⅱ.1.resulted in　2.running out　3.In closing 4.providing for 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Section Ⅳ　Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing Part Ⅰ　Talk about life in space 话题语料积累 Ⅰ.话题词汇 1.benefit from China’s space programmes　从中国的太空项目中获益 2.become the first Chinese astronaut 成为中国第一位宇航员 3.receive mental and physical training 接受心理上和身体上的训练 4.in the field of science　　　　 在科学领域 5.improve the quality of life 提高生活质量 6.negative effects 负面影响 7.a scientific breakthrough 一项科学突破 8.be curious about astronauts’ life in space 　　　　　 对宇航员在太空的生活感到好奇 9.make our lives more comfortable and convenient 使我们的生活更加舒适和便捷 10.with the development of aerospace science and technology 随着航空航天科技的发展 Ⅱ.话题句式 1.The development of science and technology makes our lives more comfortable and convenient. 科技的发展使我们的生活更加舒适和便捷。 2.The journey to outer space and other planets is not a dream any more. 去外太空和其他星球旅行不再是一个梦。 3.There is no doubt that we benefit a lot from the scientific advancements in many different ways. 毫无疑问，科学的进步使我们在许多不同方面受益良多。 4.I have long been interested in space exploration. 长期以来我一直对太空探索感兴趣。 5.How I wish I had a chance to travel into space！ 我多么希望我有机会去太空旅行啊！ 话题表达实战 　　情境：宇航员们在失重的太空是如何进食和饮水的呢？那将是一种独特的体验。 　　阅读并根据提示完成下面对话。 　　For astronauts， things like eating food and drinking water become very strange.Space food carried by astronauts should be as light and convenient as possible.1.　　　　　　　　　 （宇航员如何进食） during space flight is a big challenge for them.In weightless conditions， 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （一个盛满水的杯子） can be placed upside down.The water in the cup will not float or fall out automatically.If it 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （被放在桌子上）， the cup will float with the water.So， drinking water in space is not easy.4.　　　　　　　　　　 （各种食物）， parts， appliances and so on are fixed well.If the astronauts want to drink water， they can have 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （汤、果汁和果酱） by squeezing them into their mouths.6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （我多么希望我有机会） to travel into space！ Part Ⅱ　Present an argument about space exploration 1.What’s the author’s attitude to exploring space？（　　） A.Supportive. B.Objective. C.Neutral. D.Negative. 2.How can exploring space help fight against hunger？（　　） A.The scientists analyse the data recorded by satellites and provide useful suggestions for farmers. B.Satellites orbiting Earth can help fight against severe weather. C.Satellites can change weather patterns， thus improving the output of crops. D.The scientists invent some useful equipment to help with farming. 3.What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage？（　　 ） A.To give tips on how to explore space. B.To explain various ways of exploring space. C.To call people’s attention to space exploration. D.To advise people to stop exploring space. 核心词汇集释 1.argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论 教材原句　Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. 一部分人认为，我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。 【用法】 （1）argue with sb （over/about sth） （就某事）与某人争（辩）论 argue for/against sth　 据理赞成/反对某事 （2）argue sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事 argue sb out of doing sth 说服某人不做某事 （3）argument n. 争论；争吵；论点 【佳句】　Some argue that we should find a new home in the hope of solving the problem of limited resources on Earth. 有些人认为，我们应该找到一个新的家园，以希望能解决地球上资源有限的问题。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ① Most of the members argued 　　　　　　his plan， which made him satisfied. ② Heated 　　　　　　（argue） and cold silences are common between teenagers and their parents. （译林必修一） 【写美】　完成句子 ③It’s no use 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， for he won’t change his mind. 和他争论这个问题是没有用的，因为他不会改变主意。 2.provide for sb 提供生活所需 教材原句　In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population， scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home. 为了满足快速增长的人口需求，科学家们正在努力寻找有朝一日能够成为我们新家园的其他星球。 【用法】 provide sb with sth＝provide sth for sb 给某人提供某物 supply sb with sth＝supply sth to sb 给某人提供某物 offer sb sth＝offer sth to sb 给某人提供某物 【佳句】　I’d appreciate it if you could spare some time and provide us with some good tips tomorrow. （求助信） 如果你明天能抽出时间给我们提供一些好的建议，我将不胜感激。 【写美】　一句多译 您可以给我提供一些如何提高英语口语的建议吗？ →Would you please 　　　　　　　　　me 　　　　　　some suggestions on how to improve my oral English？ →Would you please 　　　　　　some suggestions on how to improve my oral English 　　　　　　me？ →Would you please 　　　　　　　　　　　on how to improve my oral English？ （offer） 3.run out 用完；耗尽 教材原句　It is necessary to find a new home for people in space， as the resources on Earth will run out.为人们在太空找到一个新家是有必要的，因为地球上的资源将会耗尽。 【用法】 run out of　　　 用光，用完（人作主语） use up 用完，消耗尽（及物动词短语） 【佳句】　We should buy some food in advance because our food will soon run out.我们应该提前买些食物，因为我们的食物很快就要吃完。 【点津】　run out表示“用完，耗尽”，不及物动词短语，相当于give out；run out of 及物动词短语，相当于use up。 【写美】　一句多译 他的食物吃完了，因此这个男人不得不从藏身之处出来。 →His food 　　　　　　　　， so the man had to come out of his hiding place. →His food 　　　　　　　　　　， so the man had to come out of his hiding place. →He 　　　　　　　　　　　　， so the man had to come out of his hiding place. 重点句型解构 1句型公式：be＋形容词＋to do 教材原句　It is necessary to find a new home for people in space， as the resources on Earth will run out.为人们在太空找到一个新家是有必要的，因为地球上的资源将耗尽。 【用法】 （1）在“be＋形容词＋to do”结构中，形容词多为表示主语的性质、特征的词，如easy、 hard、 difficult、 interesting、 heavy、 pleasant、 good等。 （2）当动词不定式与句子的主语是动宾关系且是不及物动词时，应在该不及物动词后加上适当的介词。 【品悟】　In my opinion， the plan designed by our manager is hard to carry out. 在我看来，我们经理制定的这个计划很难实行。 【写美】　完成句子 ①When he arrived there， he instantly found that the problem 　　　　　　　　　　. 当他到达那里时，立刻发现这个问题很难处理。 ②As far as I know， he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 据我所知，他很容易相处。 ③In summer， fresh air 　　　　　　　　　and natural scenery 　　　　　　　　　　. 在夏季，人们可以神清气爽地呼吸新鲜空气，愉悦地享受自然风光。 2.句型公式：动词-ing短语作主语 教材原句　Firstly， exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. 首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。 【用法】 单个动词-ing短语作主语，谓语动词用单数；两个或两个以上用复数，此外还有以下情况： （1）it作形式主语：It is no use/no good/useless doing sth “做某事没用”； It is a waste of time doing sth “做某事浪费时间”。 （2）动词-ing形式的复合结构作主语：在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动词-ing形式的复合结构。 【品悟】　The twins’ failing to cook Mother’s Day breakfast made them disappointed， and they were on the verge of tears.双胞胎没能做好母亲节早餐，这使他们很失望，他们几乎要哭了。 【写美】　完成句子 ①　　　　　　　　　　　　 has my heart in my mouth.But I know that 　　　　　　　　and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　is what I must do right now. （恐惧心理描写） 在森林中迷路使我的心提到了嗓子眼儿，但是我知道感到害怕是没用的，找到走出森林的路才是我现在必须做的事情。 ②As far as I’m concerned， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　about this matter. 在我看来，同他争论这件事是浪费时间。 ③　　　　　　　　　　　　 will enable you to master the language. 专心学英语将使你掌握这门语言。 Step 1｜品教材课文 IS EXPLORING SPACE A WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY？ 　　Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions， whether to Mars or other planets much further away.Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.Instead， we should feed the world’s poor and find immediate solutions to other problems， such as pollution and fatal diseases.However， others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us. 　　Firstly， exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns.Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth.After careful analysis， the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers.As a result， space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population. 　　Secondly， space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all.High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration.For example， space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material.They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly use.Today， space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries， and everyday products， such as memory foam pillows and smartphone cameras， are changing our lives. 　　Finally， sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems and even to find ways to solve them.Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population， scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home.The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth.In the future， humans may live on both planets. 　　In closing， exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.Therefore， it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems. Step 2｜析写作手法 学语言 1.连接词： （1）首段开头用Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions， whether to Mars or other planets much further away.引出话题，接着用Some people argue that ...和others feel ...提出人们的正反两种观点，并用However一词衔接。 （2）第二段运用Firstly， exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.介绍了第一个分论点，并在段中使用了Then、 After、 As a result等连接词语使句子之间层次清晰，逻辑鲜明，语意连贯。 （3）第三段运用了because of， also等衔接词语使句子之间语意连贯。 （4）第五段运用In closing， Therefore等衔接词语使句子之间衔接紧密，语意连贯。 2.高频词汇：a shallow view、 make a difference、 result in、 promote、 provide for 等词语的运用彰显了作者高人一筹的语言驾驭能力。 3.高级句式： （1）第一段使用了宾语从句Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.及第二段运用动词-ing形式作主语Firstly， exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.避免了多个简单句的平铺直叙，使句式表达清晰、流畅，吸引读者的眼球。 （2）第三段运用了三个定语从句that benefit us all、 which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration和that doctors regularly use，使表达更高级。 学结构 Step 3｜背出彩佳句 一、夺人眼球开头句 1.Recently， our class has had a heated discussion about whether to carry on space exploration. 最近，我们班就是否要进行太空探索展开了激烈的讨论。 2.As for space exploration， different people have different opinions. 对于太空探索，不同的人有不同的看法。 二、亮点出彩篇中句 1.Space exploration has advantages and disadvantages.太空探索有利有弊。 2.Countries around the globe have made great progress in space exploration. 世界各国在太空探索方面已经取得了很大进步。 3.Exploring space has already made a great contribution to giving us more information about our solar system and the universe. 探索太空在给我们提供更多关于太阳系和宇宙的信息方面做出了巨大贡献。 4.Some people think space exploration is a waste of time and money. 有些人认为太空探索浪费时间和金钱。 5.The money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the Earth’s problems， such as pollution and starvation. 花在太空探索上的钱可以用来解决地球上的问题，如污染和饥饿。 三、韵味无穷结尾句 1.As the old saying goes， “Every coin has two sides.” 常言道：“任何事情都有两面性。” 2.I think space exploration benefits the country and the people. 我认为太空探索利国利民。 3.I hope our country will make greater progress in space exploration. 我希望我国在太空探索方面取得更大进步。 　　最近，你班同学就“太空是否值得探索”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下面提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况，并谈谈自己的看法。 30%的同学认为太空不值得探索。理由： 　　（1）离我们及我们的日常生活太遥远； 　　（2）浪费金钱。 70%的同学认为太空值得探索。理由： 　　（1）人类已使用卫星进行通讯传播、天气预报； 　　（2）有望解决人口问题。 注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 一、合理布局，精心谋篇 二、遣词造句，规范得体 1.最近，我们班就太空是否值得探索进行了激烈的讨论。 Recently our class has had a heated discussion 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 2.我们中的30%（的同学）认为太空不值得探索，认为太空探索离我们的日常生活太遥远并且浪费金钱。（分词作状语） 30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 3.70%的同学持相反的观点， 因为我们从中受益很多，如使用卫星进行通信传播、天气预报。 70% of us 　　　　　　　　　　　　， because we have 　　　　　　　　　　　， such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. 4.随着太空研究的深入，我们可能有一天会通过移居其他星球来解决人口问题。 With further space research， we may 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　one day. 5.对我来说，探索太空是值得的。（it 作形式主语） 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 6.这不仅能促进社会的发展，也能丰富我们的生活。（倒装） 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， but it can also enrich our lives. 三、恰当衔接，自然过渡 　使用however， what’s more等过渡词汇，把同学们对太空探索的看法连接成段。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 四、认真誊写，赏心悦目 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 词汇 佳句 情感描写 ①keen adj.热衷的；渴望的 ②intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的 ③determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的 ④disappoint vt.使失望 ⑤desire n.渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望 1.However， scientists were determined to realise that dream. （心理描写） 2.However， while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment， the desire to explore the universe did not die. （情感描写） 3.Despite the difficulties， scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable human race to survive well into the future. （结尾升华句） 4.I ran up to the car， took him by the arm and signalled him to follow me. （动作描写） 5.As they argued with each other in whispers， Harry moved around the room， only half listening.（场景描写） 动作描写 ①leap vi.& vt.跳过；跃过 ②signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 ③float vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流 ④lack vt.没有；缺乏 ⑤argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论 ⑥provide for sb 提供生活所需 ⑦run out用完；耗尽 情境导语：和妈妈大吵之后，我气呼呼地离开家，坐在广场上的长椅上啜泣，这时远处一位老人注意到了我…… 第一步：完成句子雏形现 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 fiercely， I stormed out of the house， slamming the door heavily. 和妈妈大吵之后，我冲出房子，并重重地关上门。 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I felt like floating in an ocean of limitless sadness. 既失望又沮丧，我感觉好像漂浮在无限悲伤的海洋里。 3.Later， I stood beside a stand and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 后来，我站在一个摊位旁，由于缺钱叹了口气。 4.The seller noticed my dilemma， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 摊主注意到了我的窘境，微笑着向我打招呼，示意我坐下。 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 我感动地哭了。 6.The seller smiled， “Girl， your mother 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　since you were born！” 摊主微笑道：“孩子，正是你的妈妈从你出生那天起就一直在为你提供生活所需！” 7.I wiped my tears， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 我擦干眼泪，跳了起来，像风一样跑回家。 第二步：句式升级造亮点 把句6升级为强调句 The seller smiled， “Girl， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　！” 第三步：过渡衔接连成篇 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.I believe that we should 　　　　　　（回收） more paper， because we’re cutting down too many trees. 2.The lack of water has become a 　　　　　（全球的） problem that needs to be solved immediately. 3.Rare natural 　　　　　　（资源） have resulted in many conflicts between countries. 4.She is 　　　　　　（热衷的） on going to parties while her sister likes staying at home. 5.I think you’ve reached a point where change is needed， 　　　　　　（否则） you’ll fail. Ⅱ.补全句子 1.His carelessness 　　　　　　　　（导致） the terrible accident that happened last night. 2.My money is 　　　　　　　　（用尽） and as a result， I have to go home and ask my father for some. 3.　　　　　　　　 （最后）， I have earned sufficient money to buy a new vehicle. 4.I was determined to hunt for a part-time job with the aim of 　　　　　　　　（提供生活所需） my kid. 提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 4　Section Ⅳ 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $