【周周有招】新教材同步尖子班讲义第4讲Unit4（followed by总理解反）2027春高一（下）英语-新教材人教版必修三（教师版+学生版）

本讲义聚焦“中国航天逆袭”语篇，系统梳理时间信号词（in 2003、then等）与转折词（but、despite）的语篇逻辑，深入讲解despite+名词与although+从句辨析、not only句首倒装及例外规则，通过三步法写作迁移（立主干、合并信息、高级句式）构建完整学习支架。 该资料以中国航天案例为载体，融合语言能力与文化意识，通过问题链导入和结构表分析提升语篇理解与表达能力，增强家国情怀。思维品质培养体现在错误路径演示（如followed by误读）和推理题定位训练，帮助学生分析推断。课后含新语篇语法填空、写作及自测，助力自主查漏补缺，课中典题与即时微练辅助教师高效授课。

Unit 4 Space Exploration 精品讲义2027春高一（下）英语-新教材人教版必修三 第4讲 SPACE: THE FINAL FRONTIER 精读（二） 语篇精读（教师版） 阅读课 ● 精读内容与语言点 —————————————————————————————— 中国航天的逆袭与人类的仰望：逻辑·语篇·迁移 【课时安排】45分钟：0—5导入；5—18板块一；18—32板块二、三；32—42板块四与语法填空；42—45小结与迁移。 【学习目标】 1. 【阅读·信息获取·基础】 划出第4段 started later...but、in 2003、then、followed by、after that、more recently，完成事件排序题。 2. 【语言知识·中档】 辨析 despite + 名词短语与 although + 从句，准确选填。 3. 【语言知识·提升】 掌握 not only 句首部分倒装，并识别“连接主语不倒装”的例外。 4. 【写作·提升】 至少运用 progress/independent/establish/desire/enable/survive/measurement/observation 中的4个完成80词写作。 5. 【阅读·中档—提升】 完成主旨、态度、推理、猜测四类阅读题，说出定位句与误选原因。 一、语篇回扣：原文与信号词 加粗处为本讲信号词与考点词。做题须回扣原文，禁止凭印象作答。 Paragraph 3（风险与坚持） Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. All the astronauts on the Soviet Soyuz 11 and the American Challenger died during their missions. However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe never died. This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. Paragraph 4（中国航天） China’s space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress in a short time. In 2003, China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. Then Shenzhou 6 and Shenzhou 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. After that, China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab into space and Tianzhou 1 to dock with it. This signalled one step further in China’s plan to establish a space station in the future. More recently, China has sent Chang’e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations. Paragraph 5（未来展望） The future of space exploration remains bright. Europe, the US, and China all have plans to further study and explore planets like Mars and Jupiter. Despite the difficulties, scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began, but also help us survive well into the future. 二、导入：后来者怎么居上 板书（先不解释，看30秒） China’s space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress in a short time. 问题链 ① 哪个词把“起步晚”和“进步快”捏在一起？（but） ② 把 but 改成 and，说服力如何变化？（反差张力消失，由“逆袭”退化为“陈述”。） ③ 放在段首，后面按什么顺序展开？（先承认落后，再按时间推进分迹成就。） 认知冲突：讲中国航天的段落，作者不夸成就，反而先自曝“起跑晚”——因为“落后+但+赶超”的对比比平铺直叙更有说服力，这是说明文制造可信度的通用招式。高考阅读中，段首 but 后常为主旨句；干扰项常截取 but 前的让步信息。 考场落点：学生看到 started later 就以为在贬低中国，看到 Despite the difficulties 就以为在否定探索。记住：but 之后、despite 之后，才是作者真正要说的。 三、板块一：语篇骨架 （一）划信号词，看推进 第4段波浪线画转折（but），直线画时间推进（in 2003 → then → followed by → after that → more recently）。追问：是并列罗列还是逐级升级？（逐级升级：首飞 → 出舱 → 月面巡视 → 对接 → 月背，难度与自主程度递增。） （二）填结构表 五个分迹层不得合并，排序题正是靠区分它们命题。 结构层 信号词 内容要点 排序题作用 误判提示 总起（落后却赶超） started later...but 起步晚，但短时间内取得巨大进步 定主旨 勿选“为何起步晚” 分迹1（载人首飞） in 2003 杨利伟乘神舟五号，中国成为第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家 定位“第一件事” 勿与太空行走颠倒 分迹2（出舱行走） then 神舟六号、七号完成第二次载人飞行与中国首次太空行走 紧随首飞 勿提前到 in 2003 前 分迹3（月面巡视） followed by “玉兔号”月球车被送往月球探测月表 顺承追加 followed by 后是玉兔号，不是被跟随 分迹4（交会对接） after that 天宫二号入轨，天舟一号与之对接，向建立空间站再进一步 阶段跃迁 勿与月面巡视颠倒 分迹5（月背探测） more recently 嫦娥四号登陆月背，进行测量与观测 定位“最后一件事” 勿与对接颠倒 错误路径演示：学生把 followed by 误读为“被……跟随”，把玉兔号排到最后。纠正：followed by A 意为“紧随其后的是 A”，A 是被追加的后续事件。 （三）信号词与事件排序的命题转换 高考事件排序题只看时间信号词：in 2003（首飞）→ then（神六神七、首次太空行走）→ after that（天宫二号与天舟一号对接）→ more recently（嫦娥四号月背）。followed by 玉兔号月面巡视因选项未设，常作干扰背景；若选项含玉兔号，应排在太空行走之后、对接之前。 典题1【阅读·事件排序·基础·信息获取】 In what order does the passage present China’s space achievements? A. Spacewalk → Manned flight → Docking → Landing on the moon’s far side. B. Manned flight → Spacewalk → Docking → Landing on the moon’s far side. C. Docking → Manned flight → Spacewalk → Landing on the moon’s far side. D. Manned flight → Landing on the moon’s far side → Spacewalk → Docking. 【答案】B 【解析】排序题只看时间信号词：in 2003（首飞）→ then（神六神七、首次太空行走）→ after that（天宫二号与天舟一号对接）→ more recently（嫦娥四号月背）。原文在 then 与 after that 之间还有 followed by 玉兔号月面巡视；因选项未设该事件，故选 B。 ★误答演示：A 把太空行走提前，与 in 2003 冲突；C 颠倒首飞与对接；D 后三项全乱，凭常识作答。 典题2【阅读·段落主旨·中档·理解主旨要义】 What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Why China started its space programme late. B. The rapid progress of China’s space programme. C. The risks of space exploration in China. D. The first Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei. 【答案】B 【解析】段首总起句即主旨：“started later than..., but it has made great progress in a short time”，后文全在列举成就证明“进步快”。 ★误答演示：A 最高频——看到 started later 就以为要解释“为何晚”，但总起句重心在 but 之后，原文一句原因都没给；C 未提及（风险在第 3 段）；D 只是分迹 1 的例子。 四、板块二：让步与对比逻辑 （一）despite + 名词 vs. although + 从句 课文双句： Despite the huge risks, people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration. Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. 判断招式：空后接名词/代词/动名词 → despite / in spite of；空后接主谓完整的句子 → although / though。 三条硬规则： ① despite 是介词，后不加 of（误：despite of）。 ② in spite of = despite，但必须带 of。 ③ although 是从属连词，主句前不可再加 but（误：Although... but...）。 ★错误路径演示：Although the risks were huge, but they carried on. → 二选一改法：Although the risks were huge, they carried on. / The risks were huge, but they carried on. 考情对接：语法填空常以无提示词形式考介词 despite；语法填空、短文改错和写作中常考 although 与 but 不能连用。 （二）despite/although 在语法填空与写作中的命题形式 语法填空：空后为名词短语且无谓语 → Despite；空后为主谓完整句子 → Although。 写作：让步状语前置时，主句不再加 but；可用 Despite + 名词短语使表达更简洁。 典题3【单选·despite + 名词·基础·语法运用】 ____ the huge risks, the astronauts continued to explore space. A. Although B. Despite C. However D. Because 【答案】B 【解析】空后是名词短语 the huge risks，非句子；although 接从句，however 是副词需另起句，because 表原因不合让步关系。 ★误答演示：选 A 者最多——看到“尽管”就选 although，没看空后成分。口诀：先看空后是词还是句。 （三）not only...but also...：从并列到倒装 课文原句（not only 在句中，不倒装）：future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began, but also help us survive well into the future. 变式一 置于句首 → 前一分句部分倒装：Not only is the space programme developing rapidly, but it is also bringing benefits to life on Earth. 变式二 连接两个主语 → 不倒装，就近原则：Not only the teacher but also the students are excited... 变式三 also 可省；but also 可换 but...as well / but...too。 ★错误路径演示： ① Not only the space programme is developing → 应为 is the space programme。 ② Not only the teacher but also the students is → 就近一致用 are。 ③ Not only he finished... → 无 be 无助动词时借助 did：Not only did he finish... 典题4【单选·not only 句首倒装·中档·语法运用】 Not only ____ the space programme developing rapidly, but it is also bringing benefits to life on Earth. A. is B. does C. has D. was 【答案】A 【解析】句首 not only 引起部分倒装；句末 is also bringing 为现在进行时，倒装部分必须匹配 be 动词，主语单数，选 is。 ★误答演示：does 用于实义动词倒装，本句已有现在分词 developing；has 与 is 时态冲突；was 时态不符。 典题5【改写·not only 倒装·提升·写作句式】 改为 not only 倒装句： China has not only built its own space station, but it has also landed probes on the moon. → Not only ____ China ____ its own space station, but it has also landed probes on the moon. 【答案】has；built 【解析】not only 提至句首，助动词 has 提前至主语前，实义动词的过去分词 built 保持原位，不随 has 前移；后半句 has 不再重复前移。 ★误答演示：Not only has built China...（built 不能随 has 前移）；Not only China has built...（未倒装，等于没改写）。 （四）in the long run 常与 benefit/investment/payoff 同现。对照：in the short run（短期而言）。 典题6【语境·介词搭配·基础·语言知识】 Exploring space can benefit the whole of humanity ____ the long run. 【答案】in 【解析】in the long run 为固定搭配，空在 the long run 前，填 in。 ★误答演示：受中文“从长远看”影响填 from/for——该搭配介词恒为 in。 （五）carry on doing 课文原句：...the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. 近义：carry on with sth / go on doing / continue to do。 典题7【语填·非谓语·中档·语言知识】 They carried on ____ (explore) space despite the huge risks. 【答案】exploring 【解析】carry on 后接动名词作宾语，填 exploring。 ★误答演示：最典型错写 to explore——把 carry on 与 want / decide / hope 混淆。锚点：carry on = keep on = go on，后接 doing。 五、板块三：中国航天 （一）核心词精讲（考点网络·真句·误答演示） 1. progress 误判先行：误：made a great progress。 真句定位：China has made great progress in space exploration. 规则提炼：progress 不可数，不加 a/an、无复数；make progress (in sth / in doing sth)；动词：The work is progressing. 即时微练：China has made great ____ (progress) in space exploration. 高考链接：语法填空常考 progress 不可数，提示词为 progressive 时需转为 progress。 2. independent 误判先行：误：independent send；independent from。 真句定位：to independently send humans into space。 规则提炼：independent 词缀链 depend → dependent → independent → independence；副词 independently；independent of（反义 dependence on）。 即时微练：China became the third country to ____ (independent) send humans into space. 高考链接：语法填空常考词形转换，修饰动词用副词 independently。 3. establish 误判先行：误：establish to do。 真句定位：plan to establish a space station。 规则提炼：establish v. 建立、确立（a space station / a system）；名词 establishment。辨析：set up 偏设施，found 偏组织。 即时微练：China plans to ____ (establish) a space station in the future. 高考链接：语法填空常考 establish 后接名词，不接不定式。 4. desire 误判先行：误：desire doing。 真句定位：The desire to explore the universe never died. 规则提炼：the desire to do / desire to do / desire for + n.；desire 后接 that 从句用虚拟语气（should）+ 动词原形。 即时微练：The desire ____ (explore) the universe never died. 高考链接：语法填空中 desire 后常接 to do 作后置定语。 教师拓展：desire 后接 that 从句用虚拟语气（should）+ 动词原形，不改变典题9答案。 5. enable 误判先行：误：enable us understanding; enable to do（缺宾语）。 真句定位：enable us to understand how the universe began。 规则提炼：enable sb to do，结构固定：enable + 宾语 + 不定式。 即时微练：Satellites enable us ____ (get) weather forecasts. 高考链接：写作提档句式“事物 + enable + 人 + to do”。 6. survive 误判先行：误：survive from the accident。 真句定位：help us survive well into the future。 规则提炼：及物（survive the accident）/ 不及物（survive on little water）；派生 survival / survivor；survive sb（比某人活得长）。 即时微练：Future discoveries may help us ____ (survive) well into the future. 高考链接：语法填空常考 survive 及物用法，后不接 from。 7. measurement 误判先行：误：make measure。 真句定位：to make measurements and observations。 规则提炼：measure v.; measurement n.; make measurements。 即时微练：Chang’e 4 made ____ (measure) and observations on the far side of the moon. 高考链接：语法填空常考 make measurements 用复数。 8. observation 误判先行：误：make observe。 真句定位：measurements and observations。 规则提炼：observation n.; make observations; under observation。 即时微练：The station provides a platform for scientific ____ (observe). 高考链接：scientific 后接名词，make observations 用复数表多次观测。 典题8【词形转换·progress·基础·语言知识】 China has made great ____ (progressive) in space exploration. 【答案】progress 【解析】make progress 固定搭配，progress 不可数；提示词 progressive 是形容词，此处需名词。 ★误答演示：直接抄提示词写 progressive，或加复数写 progresses。 典题9【语境·desire to do·基础·语言知识】 The desire ____ (explore) the universe never died. 【答案】to explore 【解析】desire 后接不定式作后置定语，表“探索宇宙的渴望”。 ★误答演示：填 exploring——desire 是名词/动词，不是介词，其后固定接 to do。 典题10【改写·enable sb to do·中档·写作句式】 用 enable 改写：Because of satellites, we can get weather forecasts. → Satellites enable us ____ (get) weather forecasts. 【答案】to get 【解析】enable sb to do 固定结构；改写后由原因状语从句升格为“事物 + enable + 人 + to do”，是写作提档句式。 ★误答演示：enable us getting；enable us get（缺 to）。 （二）写作迁移：三步法 Step 1 立主干（保要点）：China’s space programme started later than those of Russia and the US. It has made great progress in a short time. Step 2 合并信息（用分词）：Started later than those of Russia and the US, China’s space programme has made great progress in a short time. Step 3 投放高级句式（提档）：Not only has China’s space programme made great progress in a short time, but it has also laid the foundation for a space station. 讲评要点：三步法不是加词，是换结构——Step 1 保内容分，Step 2 消灭简单句罗列（篇章分），Step 3 制造语法亮点（语言分），缺一步掉一档。 ★错误路径演示：误：Started later than those of Russia and the US, China’s space programme has made great progress, and it established...（时态与 has made 不一致，且 it 指代不明）。正：...has made great progress and (has) established... 另：三步压缩成一步易出双谓语：Started later..., China has made great progress, and it established...——Started 已是非谓语，后面不能再加并列谓语。 六、板块四：综合阅读测评 限时 8 分钟独立阅读 Paragraph 5 完成典题 11—13，再回扣 Paragraph 3 完成典题 14，最后逐题回扣定位句。 典题11【阅读·段落主旨·中档·理解主旨要义】 What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Space exploration has a bright future. B. Space exploration is too dangerous. C. Only China will explore space in the future. D. The universe began in a certain way. 【答案】A 【解析】定位句“The future of space exploration remains bright.” 段首直接给主旨，段尾“scientists hope...help us survive”以“希望”呼应“光明”。 ★误答演示：B 与段意相反（把第 3 段 accidents 错记到末段）；C 用 only 缩小范围，原文为多国；D 只是例中局部信息。 典题12【阅读·作者态度·中档·理解观点态度】 What is the author’s attitude towards space exploration? A. Doubtful B. Supportive C. Negative D. Indifferent 【答案】B 【解析】正向词贯穿全文：made great progress、remains bright、hope、benefit、enable、survive；Despite the difficulties 是让步状语，主句紧随 desire never died、hope，落点在支持。 ★误答演示：选 A 者认为“文章也写了事故和困难”。纠正：让步不等于否定，态度只看作者最终落在哪一边。 典题13【阅读·推理判断·提升·推断隐含意义】 What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Only one country plans to explore Mars. B. Future discoveries may help humans survive longer. C. Space exploration no longer faces difficulties. D. Humans already know how the universe began. 【答案】B 【解析】定位句“...help us survive well into the future”推出“未来发现可能帮助人类更好地生存”。 ★误答演示：A 与多国有计划矛盾；C 与 Despite the difficulties 矛盾；D 与 understand how the universe began（尚未完全理解）矛盾。 典题14【阅读·词义猜测·基础·猜测词语意义】 The phrase “carry on” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to A. continue B. carry out C. give up D. put off 【答案】A 【解析】定位句“...the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks”，与“风险巨大”连用仍要继续。 ★误答演示：carry out 表“执行”（carry out a plan），后接计划；give up、put off 与 desire never died 矛盾。 四类阅读题定位句与误选原因对照表 题号 题型 定位句 答案 误选原因 典题11 段落主旨 The future of space exploration remains bright. A 把第3段 accidents 错记到末段；only 缩小范围 典题12 作者态度 desire never died; scientists hope B 把让步当否定 典题13 推理判断 help us survive well into the future B 与 Despite the difficulties 矛盾 典题14 词义猜测 carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks A 混淆 carry out 与 carry on 七、高考题型：语法填空 典题15【语法填空·语篇运用·中档—提升】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s space programme has made remarkable (1) ____ (progress) in recent years. In 2021, China’s Tianwen-1 (2) ____ (successful) landed a rover on Mars, (3) ____ made China the second country to complete a landing on the Red Planet. The Tiangong space station, (4) ____ is now in regular operation, provides a platform for scientific (5) ____ (observe) and experiments in microgravity. (6) ____ the difficulties of long-term missions, taikonauts carry on (7) ____ (work) inside the station for months at a time. Their efforts will not only enable us (8) ____ (understand) more about life in space, but also help improve technologies used on Earth. In (9) ____ long run, space exploration benefits the whole of humanity. Scientists hope that more young people will develop a desire (10) ____ (join) this great cause. 【答案】1. progress 2. successfully 3. which 4. which 5. observations 【答案】6. Despite 7. working 8. to understand 9. the 10. to join 逐空解析 1. make progress 固定搭配，不可数。 2. 修饰动词 landed，形容词变副词。 3. 指代前面整件事，非限制性定语从句用 which（不可用 what）。 4. 非限制性定语从句，先行词指物。 5. scientific 后接名词，make observations 用复数表多次观测。 6. 空后为名词短语且无谓语，填介词 Despite。 7. carry on doing。 8. enable sb to do。 9. in the long run 固定搭配。 10. desire to do。 无提示词 3 空命题逻辑：第 3、4 空考定语从句关系代词 which；第 6 空考介词 Despite；第 9 空考固定搭配 in the long run。三空均为无提示词，与新高考设空比例一致。 【命题说明】原创改编语篇，7 空有提示词、3 空无提示词，与新高考设空比例一致，素材与本讲主题一致且不重复原题。 八、小结：一段逆袭，带走三种招式 课堂收口（3 分钟，不看课文） ① 用“总起—分迹1—5”复述中国航天段并说出每个信号词； ② 说出三招并举例：despite + 名词/although + 从句、not only 句首部分倒装、in the long run； ③ 说出防错规则：but 之后才是重点，despite 之后才是重点。 教师点睛（可直接朗读） 语言里的 but 与 despite，就是科技逆袭的语法翻译——先承认落后，再用转折证明赶超。作文里写出“Started later... but...”，就是用英语复述中国航天的语篇逻辑；阅读里认出“but 之后才是作者要说的”，就不会被“起步晚”“有困难”这类让步信息带偏。 九、课后巩固 两项练习均为新语篇，主题与知识点一致，不使用本讲原题，可直接印发。 练1 语法填空（新语篇） In June 2024, China’s Chang’e 6 (1) ____ (bring) back samples from the far side of the moon, (2) ____ was a world first. The mission (3) ____ (require) extremely precise control, since the far side of the moon never (4) ____ (face) Earth directly. (5) ____ these technical challenges, scientists carried on (6) ____ (work) on the project for years. The samples will enable researchers (7) ____ (learn) more about the moon’s history. (8) ____ the long run, such missions may help humans establish (9) ____ (they) first base on the moon. It is this spirit that has made the programme (10) ____ (independent) successful. 【答案】1. brought 2. which 3. required 4. faces 5. Despite 【答案】6. working 7. to learn 8. In 9. their 10. independently 解析 1. 2024 年 6 月为过去时间，bring 变 brought。 2. 非限制性定语从句指代整件事。 3. 客观叙述用一般过去时。 4. 客观事实用一般现在时，主语单数。 5. 空后为名词短语，填介词 Despite。 6. carry on doing。 7. enable sb to do。 8. in the long run。 9. 修饰名词用形容词性物主代词 their。 10. 修饰形容词 successful 用副词 independently，表示“独立地成功”。 练2 写作输出 假定你是李华，学校将举办“Space Week”，请写一篇 80 词左右的英文发言稿，介绍中国航天的一项成就并说明它对普通人的意义。 写作支架：必须用 Not only...but also...（建议倒装）、enable us to...、in the long run。 参考范文 Good morning, everyone. Today I’d like to share one achievement of China’s space programme. Not only has China sent probes to the far side of the moon, but it has also brought back samples from there. These achievements enable us to understand our planet better and improve daily technologies such as weather forecasting. In the long run, space exploration will benefit every one of us. Thank you. 评分量表 档 内容要点 词汇语法 篇章结构 五档 13—15 要点全，启示贴切 三项句式用对，错误极少 衔接自然，推进清晰 四档 10—12 覆盖主要要点 用对两项，少量错误 有衔接词，层次清楚 三档 7—9 漏一个要点 句式单一，错误较多 句子罗列，衔接弱 二档及以下 0—6 要点严重缺失 错误密集，影响理解 无结构意识 练3 阅读七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 China’s Tianwen-1 mission has made history. In 2021, it successfully landed a rover on Mars, (1) ____. The mission was not easy. (2) ____, scientists carried on working on the project for years. The rover has sent back valuable data, (3) ____. This enables researchers to learn more about the Red Planet. (4) ____, such missions may help humans establish a base on Mars. (5) ____. A. Despite the difficulties B. Not only has China sent a rover to Mars, but it has also shown that hard work and determination can lead to great achievements C. In the long run D. which has enabled scientists to make observations E. making China the second country to land on Mars F. carry on G. enable us to understand Mars better 【答案】1. E 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B 1. 前句“landed a rover on Mars”后接结果“making China the second country...”，故选 E。 2. 空后“scientists carried on working”与“difficulties”构成让步，选 A。 3. 前句“sent back valuable data”后接“which has enabled scientists to make observations”，选 D。 4. 空后“such missions may help humans establish a base on Mars”表长远结果，选 C。 5. 段末总结中国航天成就，选 B“Not only has China sent a rover to Mars, but it has also shown that hard work and determination can lead to great achievements.” F、G 为多余选项。 自测：三个基础造句 1. 用 not only 倒装改写一句关于中国航天的句子。 参考答案：Not only has China built its own space station, but it has also sent probes to Mars. 2. 用 despite 与 although 各写一句（注意后面接名词还是句子）。 参考答案：Despite the huge risks, scientists carried on their research. / Although the risks were huge, scientists carried on their research. 3. 用 in the long run 写一句关于太空探索的句子。 参考答案：In the long run, space exploration will benefit the whole of humanity. ——第4讲完—— 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Space Exploration 精品讲义 2027春高一（下）英语-新教材人教版必修三 第4讲 SPACE: THE FINAL FRONTIER 精读（二） 语篇精读（学生版） 阅读课 ● 精读内容与语言点 中国航天的逆袭与人类的仰望：逻辑·语篇·迁移 【课时安排】45分钟：0—5导入；5—18板块一；18—32板块二、三；32—42板块四与语法填空；42—45小结与迁移。 【学习目标】 1.【阅读·信息获取·基础】划出第4段 started later...but、in 2003、then、followed by、after that、more recently，完成事件排序题。 2.【语言知识·中档】辨析 despite + 名词短语与 although + 从句，准确选填。 3.【语言知识·提升】掌握 not only 句首部分倒装，并识别“连接主语不倒装”的例外。 4.【写作·提升】至少运用 progress/independent/establish/desire/enable/survive/measurement/observation 中的4个完成80词写作。 5.【阅读·中档—提升】完成主旨、态度、推理、猜测四类阅读题，说出定位句与误选原因。 一、语篇回扣：原文与信号词 做题须回扣原文，禁止凭印象作答。请在下列三段中用横线划出时间推进词与转折词（如 but、in 2003、then、followed by、after that、more recently、despite）。 Paragraph 3（风险与坚持） Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. All the astronauts on the Soviet Soyuz 11 and the American Challenger died during their missions. However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe never died. This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. Paragraph 4（中国航天） China’s space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress in a short time. In 2003, China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. Then Shenzhou 6 and Shenzhou 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. After that, China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab into space and Tianzhou 1 to dock with it. This signalled one step further in China’s plan to establish a space station in the future. More recently, China has sent Chang’e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations. Paragraph 5（未来展望） The future of space exploration remains bright. Europe, the US, and China all have plans to further study and explore planets like Mars and Jupiter. Despite the difficulties, scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began, but also help us survive well into the future. 二、导入：后来者怎么居上 板书（先不解释，看30秒） China’s space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress in a short time. 问题链 ① 哪个词把“起步晚”和“进步快”捏在一起？ 我的答案①：______ ____________________________________________________ ② 把 but 改成 and，说服力如何变化？ 我的判断②：______ ____________________________________________________ ③ 放在段首，后面按什么顺序展开？ 我的判断③：______ ____________________________________________________ 认知冲突：讲中国航天的段落，作者不夸成就，反而先自曝“起跑晚”——因为“落后+但+赶超”的对比比平铺直叙更有说服力，这是说明文制造可信度的通用招式。高考阅读中，段首 but 后常为主旨句；干扰项常截取 but 前的让步信息。 考场落点：看到 started later 就以为在贬低中国，看到 Despite the difficulties 就以为在否定探索。记住：but 之后、despite 之后，才是作者真正要说的。 三、板块一：语篇骨架 （一）划信号词，看推进 第4段波浪线画转折（but），直线画时间推进（in 2003 → then → followed by → after that → more recently）。追问：是并列罗列还是逐级升级？ 我的判断：是并列罗列还是逐级升级？依据是什么？ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ （二）填结构表 五个分迹层不得合并，排序题正是靠区分它们命题。 结构层 信号词 内容要点 排序题作用 总起（落后却赶超） started later...but ______ 定主旨 分迹1（载人首飞） in 2003 ______ 定位“第一件事” 分迹2（出舱行走） then ______ 紧随首飞 分迹3（月面巡视） followed by ______ 顺承追加 分迹4（交会对接） after that ______ 阶段跃迁 分迹5（月背探测） more recently ______ 定位“最后一件事” 【错误路径演示】把 followed by 误读为“被……跟随”，把玉兔号排到最后。纠正：followed by A 意为“紧随其后的是 A”，A 是被追加的后续事件。 （三）信号词与事件排序的命题转换 高考事件排序题只看时间信号词：in 2003（首飞）→ then（神六神七、首次太空行走）→ after that（天宫二号与天舟一号对接）→ more recently（嫦娥四号月背）。followed by 玉兔号月面巡视因选项未设，常作干扰背景；若选项含玉兔号，应排在太空行走之后、对接之前。 典题1【阅读·事件排序·基础·信息获取】 In what order does the passage present China’s space achievements? A. Spacewalk → Manned flight → Docking → Landing on the moon’s far side. B. Manned flight → Spacewalk → Docking → Landing on the moon’s far side. C. Docking → Manned flight → Spacewalk → Landing on the moon’s far side. D. Manned flight → Landing on the moon’s far side → Spacewalk → Docking. 我的答案：______ ____________________________________________________ 【思路】排序题只看时间信号词。A 把太空行走提前，与 in 2003 冲突；C 颠倒首飞与对接；D 后三项全乱。 典题2【阅读·段落主旨·中档·理解主旨要义】 What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Why China started its space programme late. B. The rapid progress of China’s space programme. C. The risks of space exploration in China. D. The first Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei. 我的答案：______　我的定位句：______ ____________________________________________________ 【思路】段首总起句即主旨。A 最高频——看到 started later 就以为要解释“为何晚”，但总起句重心在 but 之后，原文一句原因都没给；C 未提及；D 只是分迹 1 的例子。 四、板块二：让步与对比逻辑 （一）despite + 名词 vs. although + 从句 课文双句： Despite the huge risks, people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration. Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. 判断招式：空后接名词/代词/动名词 → despite / in spite of；空后接主谓完整的句子 → although / though。 三条硬规则： ① despite 是介词，后不加 of（误：despite of）。 ② in spite of = despite，但必须带 of。 ③ although 是从属连词，主句前不可再加 but（误：Although... but...）。 【错误路径演示·请改正】 Although the risks were huge, but they carried on. 我的改正（两种改法）： ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 考情对接：语法填空常以无提示词形式考介词 despite；语法填空、短文改错和写作中常考 although 与 but 不能连用。 （二）despite/although 在语法填空与写作中的命题形式 语法填空：空后为名词短语且无谓语 → Despite；空后为主谓完整句子 → Although。 写作：让步状语前置时，主句不再加 but；可用 Despite + 名词短语使表达更简洁。 典题3【单选·despite + 名词·基础·语法运用】 ____ the huge risks, the astronauts continued to explore space. A. Although B. Despite C. However D. Because 我的答案：______　我的判断：______ ____________________________________________________ 【思路】空后是名词短语 the huge risks，非句子；although 接从句，however 是副词需另起句，because 表原因不合让步关系。口诀：先看空后是词还是句。 （三）not only...but also...：从并列到倒装 课文原句（not only 在句中，不倒装）：future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began, but also help us survive well into the future. 变式一 置于句首 → 前一分句部分倒装：Not only is the space programme developing rapidly, but it is also bringing benefits to life on Earth. 变式二 连接两个主语 → 不倒装，就近原则：Not only the teacher but also the students are excited... 变式三 also 可省；but also 可换 but...as well / but...too。 【错误路径演示·请改正】 ① Not only the space programme is developing → 应为：______ ② Not only the teacher but also the students is → 应为：______ ③ Not only he finished... → 应为：______ 典题4【单选·not only 句首倒装·中档·语法运用】 Not only ____ the space programme developing rapidly, but it is also bringing benefits to life on Earth. A. is B. does C. has D. was 我的答案：______ ____________________________________________________ 【思路】句首 not only 引起部分倒装；句末 is also bringing 为现在进行时，倒装部分必须匹配 be 动词，主语单数。does 用于实义动词倒装，本句已有现在分词 developing；has 与 is 时态冲突；was 时态不符。 典题5【改写·not only 倒装·提升·写作句式】 改为 not only 倒装句： China has not only built its own space station, but it has also landed probes on the moon. → Not only ____ China ____ its own space station, but it has also landed probes on the moon. 我的答案：______；______ ____________________________________________________ 【思路】not only 提至句首，助动词 has 提前至主语前，实义动词的过去分词 built 保持原位，不随 has 前移；后半句 has 不再重复前移。 （四）in the long run 常与 benefit/investment/payoff 同现。对照：in the short run（短期而言）。 典题6【语境·介词搭配·基础·语言知识】 Exploring space can benefit the whole of humanity ____ the long run. 我的答案：______ ____________________________________________________ （五）carry on doing 课文原句：...the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. 近义：carry on with sth / go on doing / continue to do。 典题7【语填·非谓语·中档·语言知识】 They carried on ____ (explore) space despite the huge risks. 我的答案：______　锚点：carry on = keep on = go on，后接______ ____________________________________________________ 五、板块三：中国航天 （一）核心词精讲（考点网络·真句·即时微练） 1. progress 规则提炼：progress 不可数，不加 a/an、无复数；make progress (in sth / in doing sth)；动词：The work is progressing. 即时微练：China has made great ____ (progress) in space exploration. 我的答案：______ ____________________________________________________ 2. independent 规则提炼：词缀链 depend → dependent → independent → independence；副词 independently；independent of（反义 dependence on）。 即时微练：China became the third country to ____ (independent) send humans into space. 我的答案：______ ____________________________________________________ 3. establish 规则提炼：establish v. 建立、确立（a space station / a system）；名词 establishment。辨析：set up 偏设施，found 偏组织。 即时微练：China plans to ____ (establish) a space station in the future. 我的答案：______ ____________________________________________________ 4. desire 规则提炼：the desire to do / desire to do / desire for + n.；desire 后接 that 从句用虚拟语气（should）+ 动词原形。 即时微练：The desire ____ (explore) the universe never died. 我的答案：______ ____________________________________________________ 5. enable 规则提炼：enable sb to do，结构固定：enable + 宾语 + 不定式。 即时微练：Satellites enable us ____ (get) weather forecasts. 我的答案：______ ____________________________________________________ 6. survive 规则提炼：及物（survive the accident）/ 不及物（survive on little water）；派生 survival / survivor；survive sb（比某人活得长）。 即时微练：Future discoveries may help us ____ (survive) well into the future. 我的答案：______ ____________________________________________________ 7. measurement 规则提炼：measure v.; measurement n.; make measurements。 即时微练：Chang’e 4 made ____ (measure) and observations on the far side of the moon. 我的答案：______ ____________________________________________________ 8. observation 规则提炼：observation n.; make observations; under observation。 即时微练：The station provides a platform for scientific ____ (observe). 我的答案：______ ____________________________________________________ 典题8【词形转换·progress·基础·语言知识】 China has made great ____ (progressive) in space exploration. 我的答案：______ ____________________________________________________ 典题9【语境·desire to do·基础·语言知识】 The desire ____ (explore) the universe never died. 我的答案：______ ____________________________________________________ 典题10【改写·enable sb to do·中档·写作句式】 用 enable 改写：Because of satellites, we can get weather forecasts. → Satellites enable us ____ (get) weather forecasts. 我的答案：______ ____________________________________________________ （二）写作迁移：三步法 Step 1 立主干（保要点）：China’s space programme started later than those of Russia and the US. It has made great progress in a short time. Step 2 合并信息（用分词）：Started later than those of Russia and the US, China’s space programme has made great progress in a short time. Step 3 投放高级句式（提档）：Not only has China’s space programme made great progress in a short time, but it has also laid the foundation for a space station. 讲评要点：三步法不是加词，是换结构——Step 1 保内容分，Step 2 消灭简单句罗列（篇章分），Step 3 制造语法亮点（语言分），缺一步掉一档。 【错误路径演示·请改正】 误：Started later than those of Russia and the US, China’s space programme has made great progress, and it established... 我的改正：______ ____________________________________________________ 六、板块四：综合阅读测评 限时 8 分钟独立阅读 Paragraph 5 完成典题 11—13，再回扣 Paragraph 3 完成典题 14，最后逐题回扣定位句。 典题11【阅读·段落主旨·中档·理解主旨要义】 What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Space exploration has a bright future. B. Space exploration is too dangerous. C. Only China will explore space in the future. D. The universe began in a certain way. 我的答案：______　我的定位句：______ ____________________________________________________ 典题12【阅读·作者态度·中档·理解观点态度】 What is the author’s attitude towards space exploration? A. Doubtful B. Supportive C. Negative D. Indifferent 我的答案：______ ____________________________________________________ 【思路】正向词贯穿全文：made great progress、remains bright、hope、benefit、enable、survive；让步不等于否定，态度只看作者最终落在哪一边。 典题13【阅读·推理判断·提升·推断隐含意义】 What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Only one country plans to explore Mars. B. Future discoveries may help humans survive longer. C. Space exploration no longer faces difficulties. D. Humans already know how the universe began. 我的答案：______ ____________________________________________________ 典题14【阅读·词义猜测·基础·猜测词语意义】 The phrase “carry on” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to A. continue B. carry out C. give up D. put off 我的答案：______　我的定位句：______ ____________________________________________________ 【思路】carry out 表“执行”（carry out a plan）；give up、put off 与 desire never died 矛盾。 四类阅读题自查表（写答案，并回扣定位句） 题号 题型 我的答案 我的定位句 典题11 段落主旨 ______ ______ 典题12 作者态度 ______ ______ 典题13 推理判断 ______ ______ 典题14 词义猜测 ______ ______ 七、高考题型：语法填空 典题15【语法填空·语篇运用·中档—提升】 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s space programme has made remarkable (1) ____ (progress) in recent years. In 2021, China’s Tianwen-1 (2) ____ (successful) landed a rover on Mars, (3) ____ made China the second country to complete a landing on the Red Planet. The Tiangong space station, (4) ____ is now in regular operation, provides a platform for scientific (5) ____ (observe) and experiments in microgravity. (6) ____ the difficulties of long-term missions, taikonauts carry on (7) ____ (work) inside the station for months at a time. Their efforts will not only enable us (8) ____ (understand) more about life in space, but also help improve technologies used on Earth. In (9) ____ long run, space exploration benefits the whole of humanity. Scientists hope that more young people will develop a desire (10) ____ (join) this great cause. 我的答案：1. ______ 2. ______ 3. ______ 4. ______ 5. ______ ____________________________________________________ 6. ______ 7. ______ 8. ______ 9. ______ 10. ______ ____________________________________________________ 【命题说明】原创改编语篇，7 空有提示词、3 空无提示词，与新高考设空比例一致，素材与本讲主题一致且不重复原题。 八、小结：一段逆袭，带走三种招式 课堂收口（3 分钟，不看课文） ① 用“总起—分迹1—5”复述中国航天段并说出每个信号词； ② 说出三招并举例：despite + 名词/although + 从句、not only 句首部分倒装、in the long run； ③ 说出防错规则：but 之后才是重点，despite 之后才是重点。 教师点睛 语言里的 but 与 despite，就是科技逆袭的语法翻译——先承认落后，再用转折证明赶超。作文里写出“Started later... but...”，就是用英语复述中国航天的语篇逻辑；阅读里认出“but 之后才是作者要说的”，就不会被“起步晚”“有困难”这类让步信息带偏。 九、课后巩固 两项练习均为新语篇，主题与知识点一致，不使用本讲原题，可直接印发。 练1 语法填空（新语篇） In June 2024, China’s Chang’e 6 (1) ____ (bring) back samples from the far side of the moon, (2) ____ was a world first. The mission (3) ____ (require) extremely precise control, since the far side of the moon never (4) ____ (face) Earth directly. (5) ____ these technical challenges, scientists carried on (6) ____ (work) on the project for years. The samples will enable researchers (7) ____ (learn) more about the moon’s history. (8) ____ the long run, such missions may help humans establish (9) ____ (they) first base on the moon. It is this spirit that has made the programme (10) ____ (independent) successful. 我的答案：1.______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______ ____________________________________________________ 6.______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______ ____________________________________________________ 练2 写作输出 假定你是李华，学校将举办“Space Week”，请写一篇 80 词左右的英文发言稿，介绍中国航天的一项成就并说明它对普通人的意义。 写作支架：必须用 Not only...but also...（建议倒装）、enable us to...、in the long run。 我的发言稿： ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 写作评分量表（五档） 档 内容要点 词汇语法 篇章结构 五档 13—15 要点全，启示贴切 三项句式用对，错误极少 衔接自然，推进清晰 四档 10—12 覆盖主要要点 用对两项，少量错误 有衔接词，层次清楚 三档 7—9 漏一个要点 句式单一，错误较多 句子罗列，衔接弱 二档及以下 0—6 要点严重缺失 错误密集，影响理解 无结构意识 练3 阅读七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 China’s Tianwen-1 mission has made history. In 2021, it successfully landed a rover on Mars, (1) ____. The mission was not easy. (2) ____, scientists carried on working on the project for years. The rover has sent back valuable data, (3) ____. This enables researchers to learn more about the Red Planet. (4) ____, such missions may help humans establish a base on Mars. (5) ____. A. Despite the difficulties B. Not only has China sent a rover to Mars, but it has also shown that hard work and determination can lead to great achievements C. In the long run D. which has enabled scientists to make observations E. making China the second country to land on Mars F. carry on G. enable us to understand Mars better 我的答案：(1)______ (2)______ (3)______ (4)______ (5)______ ____________________________________________________ 自测：三个基础造句 1. 用 not only 倒装改写一句关于中国航天的句子。 我的句子： ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 2. 用 despite 与 although 各写一句（注意后面接名词还是句子）。 我的句子： ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 3. 用 in the long run 写一句关于太空探索的句子。 我的句子： ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $