【周周有招】新教材同步尖子班讲义第4讲 Unit 2-Morals and Virtues(传记语言考点精讲)-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第三册(教师版+学生版)

2026-08-18
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周周有招学科驿站
进店逛逛

摘要:

本讲义聚焦传记语言核心考点,系统梳理传记高频词汇(如reject/refuse辨析、charge/entrust等固定搭配)、语法三大关键(非谓语作状语/定语、定语从句、词形变化)及写作迁移(instead of/rather than/more...than...取舍表达),构建从第3讲“读懂传记”到“写得出传记语言”的学习支架。 该资料以“认得却写不对”为突破点,词汇辨析直击搭配与易错点,语法通过“先试错后揭晓”培养思维品质,写作迁移从初稿修改到句式升级提升语言能力。课中助力教师精准突破考点,课后分层巩固(语法填空、单句练习、写作微练)帮助学生查漏补缺,有效发展学习能力。

内容正文:

Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 精品讲义2027春高一(下)英语-新教材人教版必修三 第4讲 传记语言考点精讲:把“读得懂”变成“写得出” 词汇语法写作讲练(学生版) 词汇课 ● 传记高频词辨析、语法填空三大考点与写作迁移 【开课三秒测】 合上书,用三秒写下三处:① reject 与 refuse 到底差在哪;② the first woman ever ______ (hire) 该填什么;③ instead of 后面接 leave 还是 leaving。多数人卡在②——不是不知道“被聘用”,是不知道“the first + 名词”后面强制跟 to do。这一讲不把词“又认一遍”,只补这几处“认得却写不对”的洞。 【课时安排】 本讲为 Unit 2 Reading 板块第4讲,建议用时2课时。 【学习目标】 学完本讲,你能—— ① 辨析并正确使用传记高频词汇(reject / charge / entrust / tend / rescue 等)及其固定搭配; ② 识别非谓语、定语从句等语法考点,并在语法填空中准确定位、正确设空; ③ 运用“取舍”类表达(instead of / rather than / more...than...)完成人物品质写作迁移。 【任务一】词汇关:这些词,看得懂,写得出吗? 第3讲里,这些词跟着课文都“读过一遍、能认出意思”。但“认得”和“写得对、用得出”是两回事。这一关把“阅读词”升级成“写作词”“填空词”——盯的不再是词义,而是搭配、词形、易错点。 1. reject 拒绝(辨析 reject 与 refuse) The committee rejected his plan for lack of evidence. (委员会因缺乏证据而否决了他的计划。) 这两个词在完形里常设在同一组选项,区别在“接什么”。reject 直接接名词,侧重“正式、坚决地否决某个提议、计划、想法”,如 reject an offer / a suggestion / a plan;refuse 接不定式或名词,侧重“拒绝做某事”,如 refuse to accept。 一句话记牢:reject 是“正式否决”——宾语通常是 proposal / plan / suggestion / offer 这类“议案”;refuse 是“拒绝做”,最常见的是 refuse to do sth。做题看两处:空格后是 to do,只能选 refuse;空格后是名词,再判语义——主语是机构、委员会这类“权威方”、语气正式,选 reject;只是“个人不肯、不愿”,选 refuse。 【即时操练】 The board ________ (reject) his proposal last night. 我的答案:__________________________ 2. charge 收费 / 指控 / 充电(一词三义) The hotel charged us 200 yuan for one night. (这家旅馆收了我们一晚200元。) charge 的三个方向全看搭配:charge money for sth 为某物收费;charge sb with a crime 指控某人犯罪;charge a phone 给手机充电。完形、阅读里见到 charge,先看它后面接的是“钱、罪名、还是电”。 此外 charge 还表“负责”:in charge of(负责,表状态)、take charge of(接管,表动作)。例:Who is in charge of this project?(谁负责这个项目?)例:She took charge of the class when the teacher was away.(老师不在时她接管了班级。) 【即时操练】 She was put ________ charge of the project. 我的答案:__________________________ 3. entrust 托付(两种搭配) Parents entrust their children to the care of the school. (父母把孩子托付给学校照看。) entrust 的搭配是 entrust sb with sth 与 entrust sth to sb,都表“把……托付给……”。这是语法填空常客:见到“entrust + 人 + with + 物”,或“entrust + 物 + to + 人”,语序千万别写反。被动式 be entrusted with sth。 例:She was entrusted with the task of training new nurses.(她被托付培训新护士的任务。) 【即时操练】 The task was ________ (entrust) to her last week. 我的答案:__________________________ 4. tend 照料 / 倾向(一个词,两种方向) ① She spends her spare time tending the elderly in the community. (她用空闲时间照料社区的老年人。) ② People tend to remember what happened to them personally. (人们往往记得发生在自己身上的事。) tend 的两种用法靠后面成分辨别:tend + 名词(照料某人);tend to do(往往、倾向于做)。填空里看到 tend 后面跟名词还是不定式,答案方向就定了。 补充:tend to sb 在英式英语里也可表“照料某人”(如 tend to the wounded),与 tend to do(倾向于做)形式相似、意义不同,阅读靠语境区分。 【即时操练】 She tends ________ (stay) up late to prepare lessons. 我的答案:__________________________ 5. rescue 营救(及物,直接接宾语) Firefighters rescued three children from the burning building. (消防员从着火的大楼里救出了三个孩子。) rescue 是及物动词,直接接宾语,不加介词:rescue sb from sth 从……中救出某人。与 save 比,rescue 更强调“从危险或困境中救出”,紧迫感更强。写作里写“救人”,rescue 比 save 更有画面感。 【即时操练】 Firefighters ________ (rescue) three children from the fire yesterday. 我的答案:__________________________ 6. impress 给……留下印象 Her hard work impressed the manager deeply. (她的勤奋给经理留下了深刻印象。) impress 是及物动词,宾语必须是人。两套结构主宾别颠倒: ① sth impresses sb——某事物给某人留下印象。Her dedication impressed everyone.(她的奉献令大家印象深刻。) ② sb impresses sb with sth——某人以某品质给某人留下印象。She impressed the manager with her sincerity.(她以真诚打动了经理。) ③ be impressed by/with——对……印象深刻(高频考点)。We were deeply impressed by her dedication. 注意主语是人、by/with 后接留下印象的事物。作状语形式:Deeply impressed by her story, we decided to help.(被她的故事深深打动,我们决定帮忙。) 高频错误:impress 的宾语必须是人,不能写 “She impressed her sincerity”(✗),应写 “She impressed the manager with her sincerity”(✓)。形容词 impressive(令人印象深刻的)也是高频词。 【即时操练】 ________ (impress) by her dedication, we decided to help. 我的答案:__________________________ 7. elect 选举 / deliver 接生·发表 She was elected to the committee in 2020. (她于2020年当选为委员会成员。) elect 常与被动搭配:be elected to + 机构(当选进入某机构)、be elected as + 职位(当选为某职位)。deliver 一词多义,本课里是“接生”(deliver babies),阅读里常考“发表演讲”(deliver a speech)、“递送”(deliver goods)。多义靠语境,见到 deliver 先看后面接什么。 【即时操练】 She was ________ (elect) to the committee last year. 我的答案:__________________________ 【任务二】语法关:三类高频考点,一挖到底 语法填空里,传记类语篇最爱考三类:非谓语、定语从句、词形变化。这一关把它们从“认得出”推到“填得对”。每类用“先试错、后揭晓”的路子:先给一道设空,你试着填,再看为什么。 考点一 非谓语作状语:先找“逻辑主语” 先试错:不少同学一看到 know 就填 knowing。先别急,做题养成一个动作——找动词的逻辑主语。 ____________ (know) as the “Lady with the Lamp”, she became a symbol of kindness. 这句话主语是 she,她与 know 是“她被称作”,被动关系,所以用过去分词 ________。 判断口诀:分词作状语,先问“主语和动词是主动还是被动”。主动用 doing,被动用 done。主语 she 和 know 是被动(她被称作),所以填 ________。 进阶:若需强调非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前,用 having done(主动)/ having been done(被动)。如:Having finished her work, she left the office.(完成工作后,她离开了办公室。) 考点二 非谓语作定语:序数词、最高级之后,用不定式 She was the first woman ever ____________ (hire) as a resident physician.(她是有史以来第一位被聘为住院医师的女性。) 先试错:看到空,很多同学填 hiring 或 hired。为什么不对?因为 the first woman 之后的空格不是普通定语,而是“序数词+名词”结构,它强制要求不定式作定语。hiring 和 hired 作为分词定语都不符合这个结构。 这题填 ________。“the first / the last / the only + 名词”之后,习惯用不定式作定语。hire 与 woman 是被动关系,所以用不定式的被动式 ________。 这个规律要记牢:见到 the first / the second / the last / the only,后面的空格优先考虑不定式。它和第3讲读到的课文原句 “the first woman ever to be hired” 是同一条规律——只是这里换成了全新语境,检验你是否真的会迁移,而不是背原句。 考点三 定语从句:先看先行词,再选关系词 During the war, she led a team of nurses to the front line, ____________ they worked day and night.(战争期间,她带领一队护士奔赴前线,在那里他们日夜工作。) 别急着下笔——看到先行词是地点,有同学直接填 where,这次碰对了。但下次看到 the hospital ______ she visited 时,从句缺宾语(visited 需要接宾语),就应填 which/that。判断标准不是“先行词是地点”,而是“从句缺什么成分”。先用错误判断路径(看先行词就选),再演示修正路径(看从句成分)。 这题填 ________。做题路径分两步:第一步,找到先行词 the front line,它表地点;第二步,看从句缺什么成分——they worked day and night 主谓宾齐全,不缺主语、不缺宾语,缺的是“地点状语”。先行词表地点、从句缺状语,就用关系副词 ________。 这里要区分一个高频陷阱:如果从句里缺的是主语或宾语,哪怕先行词是地点,也要用 which 或 that,而不是 where。判断的唯一标准,是“从句缺什么成分”,不是“先行词是什么”。 延伸:where 的先行词不一定是具体地点,抽象名词 case(情况)、situation(情境)、point(地步)、stage(阶段)、degree(程度)作先行词且从句缺状语时,同样用 where。例:We have reached a point where we must make a decision.(我们已到了必须做决定的地步。) 考点四 非谓语作目的状语与伴随状语 She chose to serve others ____________ (help) the wounded.(她选择服务他人,以帮助伤员。) 这一空,有同学看到 help 可能填 helping。先想:这里表“目的”还是“伴随”? 这题填 ________。非谓语表“目的”时用不定式(to do),且通常逻辑主语就是句子主语 she,主动关系,直接用 ________。判断信号:句子可读成“……,为了/以便……”。而表“伴随、结果”用分词。 易错辨析(结果状语):不定式 to do 常表“出乎意料的结果”(多与 only 连用),现在分词 doing 常表“自然而然的结果”。例:He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.(出乎意料——结果发现火车已开走。)例:The earthquake struck the city, causing great damage.(自然结果——造成巨大损失。) 考点五 动名词 vs 不定式作主语:一个判断原则 ____________ (save) lives was simply her duty.(挽救生命,只是她的职责。) 动词在句首作主语,有同学填 To save。不能说绝对错,但在“职业行为”语境下,To save 暗示“某一次具体行动”,与 was her duty 的长期性冲突。所以选 ________ 更准确。 判断原则:动名词作主语表示抽象的、习惯性的、长期的行为;不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的、未发生的动作。 回到原句:“挽救生命是她的职责”——这是她一生的职业行为,抽象且持续,用 ________。若句子是 “____________ (save) this patient is our only goal now”(拯救这位病人是我们现在唯一的目标),这是具体的、一次性的目标,用 To save。 一句话记住:看到表职业、习惯、长期职责的主语,选 doing;看到表具体目标、某次行动的,选 to do。 固定句型提示:It’s + adj. + to do(如 It’s important to save lives)必须用不定式;There’s no point (in) doing(做……无意义)必须用动名词。做题时先识别句型,再判断语义。 考点六 词形变化:词性由它在句中的“位置”决定 Her ____________ (devote) to patients won people’s respect.(她对病人的奉献赢得了人们的尊敬。) 看到 devote,有同学直接就填 devote。先想:这个位置需要什么词性? 这题填 ________。空格前是形容词性物主代词 Her,后接介词 to,说明这里需要一个名词作主语。devote 是动词,它的名词形式是 ________。 词形变化的思路是“看位置定词性”:句中缺主语或宾语,就用名词或动名词;缺定语,就用形容词;修饰动词或整句,就用副词。把“位置”和“词性”对上,词形变化题就稳了。 【任务三】语法填空实战:把考点装进一篇传记 下面是关于护理学创始人南丁格尔(Florence Nightingale)的一篇短文。它和本课林巧稚的传记主题相近,但语料全新——这才叫“迁移”,不是背原句。请先通读一遍,再完成10个空。设空对标高考:有提示词的实词7个,无提示词的虚词3个。 Florence Nightingale (1820–1910) was a British nurse (1)________ (consider) the founder of modern nursing. Born into a rich family, she chose (2)________ (serve) others instead of living a comfortable life. During the Crimean War, she led a team of nurses to the front line, (3)________ they worked day and night to care for the wounded soldiers. (4)________ (know) as the “Lady with the Lamp” because she often checked on patients at night, she became a symbol of kindness. After the war, she opened a nursing school, (5)________ (devote) the rest of her life to training young nurses. (6)________ (impress) by her achievements, she never considered herself a hero. To her, (7)________ (save) lives was simply her duty. Her story tells us (8)________ true service means and why we should always remember her (9)________ (kind) to others. (10)________ truth, she set a good example for doctors and nurses around the world. 【任务四】写作迁移:把“选择与品质”写进作文 写作任务:以 A Person I Admire 为题,用约80词介绍一位值得尊敬的人,突出他(她)的“选择”与“品质”,至少用上本课的一个取舍类表达(instead of / rather than / more...than...)。 【写作工具:取舍类表达三件套】 instead of + 名词/动名词——意为“而不是”,强调前后两件事的取舍关系。 ✓ Instead of money, he chose dignity.(+名词) ✓ She chose to stay instead of leaving.(+动名词) ✗ She chose to stay instead of leave.(✗ 后不接动词原形) rather than + 名词/动名词/动词原形——比 instead of 更灵活,可接的成分更多。 ✓ He preferred to teach in the mountains rather than work in the city.(+动词原形,与前面的 to teach 形成对比) ✓ She is a nurse rather than a doctor.(+名词) 注意区分:rather than 是连词,后接名词/动名词/动词原形;would rather do A than do B 是固定句型,意为“宁愿做A也不愿做B”,动词用原形。例:She would rather work in the countryside than stay in the city.(她宁愿在乡村工作也不愿待在城里。) more A than B——意为“与其说B,不如说A”或“比起B,更是A”。 ✓ She is more a mother than a teacher to them.(对他们来说,她更像母亲,而不是老师。) ✓ He cares more about others than about himself.(比起自己,他更关心别人。) 第一步:看一份典型初稿,问题在哪 I admire my mother. She is a nurse. She works very hard. She often works at night. She cares about her patients. I think she is a good person. 这份稿子的毛病很典型:通篇简单句,一句一个信息点,像在填表格,读起来没有节奏,也没有“选择”的张力。先别急着加高级句式,顺序不能反——先立内容,再提句式。 第二步:立主干——合并信息,制造“取舍” 先想一想:把“她是护士、工作努力、经常夜班、关心病人”这几个零散信息合并成一句主干,并用 instead of 立起“牺牲休息”与“照顾病人”的取舍。请你把这句话写下来: ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 第三步:投放高级句式——让句子有层次 在主干基础上叠加三层:who 引导的非限制性定语从句交代身份;more interested in A than in B 点出品质;which 引导的非限制性定语从句把她的品质与你的感悟贯通。句式是为内容服务的——每一处结构,都在强化“她选择他人、舍弃自己”这个主题。请你把刚才的主干升级成带层次的版本: ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 【自主练习】 请按“先内容、后句式”的顺序,把下面这位志愿者的素材改写成一段80词左右的短文:他放弃高薪工作,去山区支教,晚上常备课到深夜,他更关心孩子们的成长,而不是自己的收入。要求:至少用上 instead of 和 more...than... 两个结构,并尝试加一处定语从句。 (改写时对照这三步:先合并信息立主干 → 再投放取舍结构与从句 → 最后通读检查是否每一句都在为“选择与品质”服务。) ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 【评分要点】 instead of + 动名词 2分;more...than... 2分;定语从句 2分;内容要点完整 4分;语言准确 2分。 【课后巩固】 (A) 语法填空(中档层 · 10空,7:3 有提示词:无提示词比例,对标新高考) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Zhang Guimei, (1)________ (know) as the “mother” of thousands of girls, is a teacher in Yunnan Province. In 2008, she founded the country’s first free high school for girls in Huaping, (2)________ (aim) to give girls from poor families a chance to receive education. She has worked in Huaping ever since, (3)________ she has helped countless students. She was the first teacher in the school (4)________ (arrive) at the classroom every morning. Over the years, she has helped more than 1,800 girls go to college, (5)________ (devote) all her time and energy to them. (6)________ (face) with her poor health, she never complains. To her, (7)________ (devote) to helping girls change their fate is her greatest happiness. Her story tells us (8)________ true love for students means. People are deeply moved by her (9)________ (selfless) and remember her contributions. (10)________ truth, she is a role model for teachers across the country. (B) 单句语法填空(基础层 · 核心词专项) 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空,或填入适当的介词。 The committee ____________ (reject) his proposal for lack of evidence. The hotel ____________ (charge) us 500 yuan for one night. She was ____________ (elect) to the school committee last week. The firefighters ____________ (rescue) three children from the burning house yesterday. The parents entrusted their children ____________ the care of the school. She tends ____________ (stay) up late to prepare lessons. Her dedication ____________ (impress) everyone deeply. The doctor has delivered hundreds of ____________ (baby) in her career. (C) 写作微练(挑战层 · 综合产出) 以 A Person I Admire 为题,写3—5句话(约60—80词),介绍一位你敬佩的人物。要求至少使用 instead of + 动名词、more...than... 和一处定语从句。 ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 【评分要点】 instead of + 动名词 2分;more...than... 2分;定语从句 2分;内容要点完整 4分;语言准确 2分。 常见失分点:instead of 后误接动词原形(应为动名词);more...than... 比较对象不一致;定语从句关系词选用错误(如缺宾语时误用 where)。 【本讲自检清单】 学完本讲,你能不能当场做到这四件事—— □ 五个高频词脱口说出搭配:in charge of / entrust sb with sth / tend to do / rescue sb from / be impressed by □ 看到 the first / the only + 名词,条件反射填 to do(the first woman ever to be hired) □ 定语从句判断标准背得出:看“从句缺什么”,不是看“先行词是什么” □ 写作时,instead of / rather than / more...than... 各能写一句“选择与品质” 四格全打钩,这一讲才算真正“从读得懂,变成写得出”。第3讲教“读懂传记”,第4讲教“用好传记的语言”,两讲合起来,从读到写,一脉贯通。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 精品讲义2027春高一(下)英语-新教材人教版必修三 第4讲 传记语言考点精讲:把“读得懂”变成“写得出” 词汇语法写作讲练(教师版) 词汇课 ● 传记高频词辨析、语法填空三大考点与写作迁移 【开课三秒测】 合上书,用三秒写下三处:① reject 与 refuse 到底差在哪;② the first woman ever ______ (hire) 该填什么;③ instead of 后面接 leave 还是 leaving。多数人卡在②——不是不知道“被聘用”,是不知道“the first + 名词”后面强制跟 to do。这一讲不把词“又认一遍”,只补这几处“认得却写不对”的洞。 【课时安排】 本讲为 Unit 2 Reading 板块第4讲,建议用时2课时。 【学习目标】 学完本讲,你能—— ① 辨析并正确使用传记高频词汇(reject / charge / entrust / tend / rescue 等)及其固定搭配; ② 识别非谓语、定语从句等语法考点,并在语法填空中准确定位、正确设空; ③ 运用“取舍”类表达(instead of / rather than / more...than...)完成人物品质写作迁移。 【任务一】词汇关:这些词,看得懂,写得出吗? 第3讲里,这些词跟着课文都“读过一遍、能认出意思”。但“认得”和“写得对、用得出”是两回事。这一关把“阅读词”升级成“写作词”“填空词”——盯的不再是词义,而是搭配、词形、易错点。 1. reject 拒绝(辨析 reject 与 refuse) The committee rejected his plan for lack of evidence. (委员会因缺乏证据而否决了他的计划。) 这两个词在完形里常设在同一组选项,区别在“接什么”。reject 直接接名词,侧重“正式、坚决地否决某个提议、计划、想法”,如 reject an offer / a suggestion / a plan;refuse 接不定式或名词,侧重“拒绝做某事”,如 refuse to accept。 一句话记牢:reject 是“正式否决”——宾语通常是 proposal / plan / suggestion / offer 这类“议案”;refuse 是“拒绝做”,最常见的是 refuse to do sth。做题看两处:空格后是 to do,只能选 refuse;空格后是名词,再判语义——主语是机构、委员会这类“权威方”、语气正式,选 reject;只是“个人不肯、不愿”,选 refuse。 【即时操练】 The board ________ (reject) his proposal last night. 答案:rejected。宾语是 proposal(议案),主语是 board(委员会)语气正式,用 reject 过去式。 2. charge 收费 / 指控 / 充电(一词三义) The hotel charged us 200 yuan for one night. (这家旅馆收了我们一晚200元。) charge 的三个方向全看搭配:charge money for sth 为某物收费;charge sb with a crime 指控某人犯罪;charge a phone 给手机充电。完形、阅读里见到 charge,先看它后面接的是“钱、罪名、还是电”。 此外 charge 还表“负责”:in charge of(负责,表状态)、take charge of(接管,表动作)。例:Who is in charge of this project?(谁负责这个项目?)例:She took charge of the class when the teacher was away.(老师不在时她接管了班级。) 【即时操练】 She was put ________ charge of the project. 答案:in。in charge of 固定搭配,表“负责”。 3. entrust 托付(两种搭配) Parents entrust their children to the care of the school. (父母把孩子托付给学校照看。) entrust 的搭配是 entrust sb with sth 与 entrust sth to sb,都表“把……托付给……”。这是语法填空常客:见到“entrust + 人 + with + 物”,或“entrust + 物 + to + 人”,语序千万别写反。被动式 be entrusted with sth。 例:She was entrusted with the task of training new nurses.(她被托付培训新护士的任务。) 【即时操练】 The task was ________ (entrust) to her last week. 答案:entrusted。被动语态,be entrusted to sb。 4. tend 照料 / 倾向(一个词,两种方向) ① She spends her spare time tending the elderly in the community. (她用空闲时间照料社区的老年人。) ② People tend to remember what happened to them personally. (人们往往记得发生在自己身上的事。) tend 的两种用法靠后面成分辨别:tend + 名词(照料某人);tend to do(往往、倾向于做)。填空里看到 tend 后面跟名词还是不定式,答案方向就定了。 补充:tend to sb 在英式英语里也可表“照料某人”(如 tend to the wounded),与 tend to do(倾向于做)形式相似、意义不同,阅读靠语境区分。 【即时操练】 She tends ________ (stay) up late to prepare lessons. 答案:to stay。tend to do sth 固定用法。 5. rescue 营救(及物,直接接宾语) Firefighters rescued three children from the burning building. (消防员从着火的大楼里救出了三个孩子。) rescue 是及物动词,直接接宾语,不加介词:rescue sb from sth 从……中救出某人。与 save 比,rescue 更强调“从危险或困境中救出”,紧迫感更强。写作里写“救人”,rescue 比 save 更有画面感。 【即时操练】 Firefighters ________ (rescue) three children from the fire yesterday. 答案:rescued。rescue sb from sth,时态过去。 6. impress 给……留下印象 Her hard work impressed the manager deeply. (她的勤奋给经理留下了深刻印象。) impress 是及物动词,宾语必须是人。两套结构主宾别颠倒: ① sth impresses sb——某事物给某人留下印象。Her dedication impressed everyone.(她的奉献令大家印象深刻。) ② sb impresses sb with sth——某人以某品质给某人留下印象。She impressed the manager with her sincerity.(她以真诚打动了经理。) ③ be impressed by/with——对……印象深刻(高频考点)。We were deeply impressed by her dedication. 注意主语是人、by/with 后接留下印象的事物。作状语形式:Deeply impressed by her story, we decided to help.(被她的故事深深打动,我们决定帮忙。) 高频错误:impress 的宾语必须是人,不能写 “She impressed her sincerity”(✗),应写 “She impressed the manager with her sincerity”(✓)。形容词 impressive(令人印象深刻的)也是高频词。 【即时操练】 ________ (impress) by her dedication, we decided to help. 答案:Impressed。过去分词作状语,主语 we 与 impress 是被动关系,句首大写。 7. elect 选举 / deliver 接生·发表 She was elected to the committee in 2020. (她于2020年当选为委员会成员。) elect 常与被动搭配:be elected to + 机构(当选进入某机构)、be elected as + 职位(当选为某职位)。deliver 一词多义,本课里是“接生”(deliver babies),阅读里常考“发表演讲”(deliver a speech)、“递送”(deliver goods)。多义靠语境,见到 deliver 先看后面接什么。 【即时操练】 She was ________ (elect) to the committee last year. 答案:elected。be elected to + 机构,被动语态。 【任务二】语法关:三类高频考点,一挖到底 语法填空里,传记类语篇最爱考三类:非谓语、定语从句、词形变化。这一关把它们从“认得出”推到“填得对”。每类用“先试错、后揭晓”的路子:先给一道设空,你试着填,再看为什么。 考点一 非谓语作状语:先找“逻辑主语” 先试错:不少同学一看到 know 就填 knowing。先别急,做题养成一个动作——找动词的逻辑主语。 ____________ (know) as the “Lady with the Lamp”, she became a symbol of kindness. 这句话主语是 she,她与 know 是“她被称作”,被动关系,所以用过去分词 Known。 判断口诀:分词作状语,先问“主语和动词是主动还是被动”。主动用 doing,被动用 done。主语 she 和 know 是被动(她被称作),所以填 Known。先找逻辑主语,再判主被动。 进阶:若需强调非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前,用 having done(主动)/ having been done(被动)。如:Having finished her work, she left the office.(完成工作后,她离开了办公室。) 考点二 非谓语作定语:序数词、最高级之后,用不定式 She was the first woman ever ____________ (hire) as a resident physician.(她是有史以来第一位被聘为住院医师的女性。) 先试错:看到空,很多同学填 hiring 或 hired。为什么不对?因为 the first woman 之后的空格不是普通定语,而是“序数词+名词”结构,它强制要求不定式作定语。hiring 和 hired 作为分词定语都不符合这个结构。 这题填 to be hired。“the first / the last / the only + 名词”之后,习惯用不定式作定语。hire 与 woman 是被动关系,所以用不定式的被动式 to be hired。 这个规律要记牢:见到 the first / the second / the last / the only,后面的空格优先考虑不定式。它和第3讲读到的课文原句 “the first woman ever to be hired” 是同一条规律——只是这里换成了全新语境,检验你是否真的会迁移,而不是背原句。 考点三 定语从句:先看先行词,再选关系词 During the war, she led a team of nurses to the front line, ____________ they worked day and night.(战争期间,她带领一队护士奔赴前线,在那里他们日夜工作。) 别急着下笔——看到先行词是地点,有同学直接填 where,这次碰对了。但下次看到 the hospital ______ she visited 时,从句缺宾语(visited 需要接宾语),就应填 which/that。判断标准不是“先行词是地点”,而是“从句缺什么成分”。先用错误判断路径(看先行词就选),再演示修正路径(看从句成分)。 这题填 where。做题路径分两步:第一步,找到先行词 the front line,它表地点;第二步,看从句缺什么成分——they worked day and night 主谓宾齐全,不缺主语、不缺宾语,缺的是“地点状语”。先行词表地点、从句缺状语,就用关系副词 where。 这里要区分一个高频陷阱:如果从句里缺的是主语或宾语,哪怕先行词是地点,也要用 which 或 that,而不是 where。判断的唯一标准,是“从句缺什么成分”,不是“先行词是什么”。 延伸:where 的先行词不一定是具体地点,抽象名词 case(情况)、situation(情境)、point(地步)、stage(阶段)、degree(程度)作先行词且从句缺状语时,同样用 where。例:We have reached a point where we must make a decision.(我们已到了必须做决定的地步。) 考点四 非谓语作目的状语与伴随状语 She chose to serve others ____________ (help) the wounded.(她选择服务他人,以帮助伤员。) 这一空,有同学看到 help 可能填 helping。先想:这里表“目的”还是“伴随”? 这题填 to help。非谓语表“目的”时用不定式(to do),且通常逻辑主语就是句子主语 she,主动关系,直接用 to help。判断信号:句子可读成“……,为了/以便……”。而表“伴随、结果”用分词。 易错辨析(结果状语):不定式 to do 常表“出乎意料的结果”(多与 only 连用),现在分词 doing 常表“自然而然的结果”。例:He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.(出乎意料——结果发现火车已开走。)例:The earthquake struck the city, causing great damage.(自然结果——造成巨大损失。) 考点五 动名词 vs 不定式作主语:一个判断原则 ____________ (save) lives was simply her duty.(挽救生命,只是她的职责。) 动词在句首作主语,有同学填 To save。不能说绝对错,但在“职业行为”语境下,To save 暗示“某一次具体行动”,与 was her duty 的长期性冲突。所以选 Saving 更准确。 答案:Saving。 判断原则:动名词作主语表示抽象的、习惯性的、长期的行为;不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的、未发生的动作。 回到原句:“挽救生命是她的职责”——这是她一生的职业行为,抽象且持续,用 Saving。若句子是 “____________ (save) this patient is our only goal now”(拯救这位病人是我们现在唯一的目标),这是具体的、一次性的目标,用 To save。 一句话记住:看到表职业、习惯、长期职责的主语,选 doing;看到表具体目标、某次行动的,选 to do。 固定句型提示:It’s + adj. + to do(如 It’s important to save lives)必须用不定式;There’s no point (in) doing(做……无意义)必须用动名词。做题时先识别句型,再判断语义。 考点六 词形变化:词性由它在句中的“位置”决定 Her ____________ (devote) to patients won people’s respect.(她对病人的奉献赢得了人们的尊敬。) 看到 devote,有同学直接就填 devote。先想:这个位置需要什么词性? 这题填 devotion。空格前是形容词性物主代词 Her,后接介词 to,说明这里需要一个名词作主语。devote 是动词,它的名词形式是 devotion(奉献)。 词形变化的思路是“看位置定词性”:句中缺主语或宾语,就用名词或动名词;缺定语,就用形容词;修饰动词或整句,就用副词。把“位置”和“词性”对上,词形变化题就稳了。 【任务三】语法填空实战:把考点装进一篇传记 下面是关于护理学创始人南丁格尔(Florence Nightingale)的一篇短文。它和本课林巧稚的传记主题相近,但语料全新——这才叫“迁移”,不是背原句。请先通读一遍,再完成10个空。设空对标高考:有提示词的实词7个,无提示词的虚词3个。 Florence Nightingale (1820–1910) was a British nurse (1)________ (consider) the founder of modern nursing. Born into a rich family, she chose (2)________ (serve) others instead of living a comfortable life. During the Crimean War, she led a team of nurses to the front line, (3)________ they worked day and night to care for the wounded soldiers. (4)________ (know) as the “Lady with the Lamp” because she often checked on patients at night, she became a symbol of kindness. After the war, she opened a nursing school, (5)________ (devote) the rest of her life to training young nurses. (6)________ (impress) by her achievements, she never considered herself a hero. To her, (7)________ (save) lives was simply her duty. Her story tells us (8)________ true service means and why we should always remember her (9)________ (kind) to others. (10)________ truth, she set a good example for doctors and nurses around the world. 【参考答案与解析】 (1) considered。nurse 与 consider 是被动关系——她是“被看作”的,过去分词作后置定语。若填 considering,是把“被看作”写成了“主动看待”,主被动没判准。 (2) to serve。chose 后接 to do:chose to serve others(选择服务他人)。填 serving 是混淆了 choose to do(选择做)与接 doing 的动词。 (3) where。先行词 the front line 表地点,从句主谓齐全、缺地点状语,两条件同满足才用 where。不能只看“先行词是地点”就下结论,还要看从句缺什么成分——缺主语或宾语用 which/that,缺状语才用 where。 (4) Known。逗号后是主句,空在句首作状语,主语 she 与 know 被动(她被称作),用过去分词,句首大写。填 Knowing 是没判被动、也没大写。 (5) devoting。前后同一个主语 she,devote 与 she 主动(她自己把余生奉献给……),且表“伴随动作”,用现在分词作伴随状语。填 devoted 是误判成被动。 (6) Impressed。主语 she 与 impress 是被动(她被成就打动),过去分词作状语、句首大写,兼表让步——“虽被打动,却不自居英雄”。填 Impressing 是没判主被动。 (7) Saving。动词在句首作主语,用动名词。“挽救生命”是长期职业行为,动名词比不定式更贴合——不定式 To save 更像“某一次具体行动”,与 was her duty 的长期性冲突。 (8) what。tells us 后是宾语从句,从句中 means 缺宾语,用 what 引导。填 that 是误以为从句完整,没发现 means 后面缺“什么”。 (9) kindness。物主代词 her 之后、介词 to 之前是名词位,把形容词 kind 变名词 kindness。填 kind 是直接抄原词、没做词性转换。 (10) In。固定搭配 in truth(事实上),相当于 in fact。空后是完整名词短语,需介词构成状语。填 On/For 是没记住 in truth 这个搭配。 【任务四】写作迁移:把“选择与品质”写进作文 写作任务:以 A Person I Admire 为题,用约80词介绍一位值得尊敬的人,突出他(她)的“选择”与“品质”,至少用上本课的一个取舍类表达(instead of / rather than / more...than...)。 【写作工具:取舍类表达三件套】 instead of + 名词/动名词——意为“而不是”,强调前后两件事的取舍关系。 ✓ Instead of money, he chose dignity.(+名词) ✓ She chose to stay instead of leaving.(+动名词) ✗ She chose to stay instead of leave.(✗ 后不接动词原形) rather than + 名词/动名词/动词原形——比 instead of 更灵活,可接的成分更多。 ✓ He preferred to teach in the mountains rather than work in the city.(+动词原形,与前面的 to teach 形成对比) ✓ She is a nurse rather than a doctor.(+名词) 注意区分:rather than 是连词,后接名词/动名词/动词原形;would rather do A than do B 是固定句型,意为“宁愿做A也不愿做B”,动词用原形。例:She would rather work in the countryside than stay in the city.(她宁愿在乡村工作也不愿待在城里。) more A than B——意为“与其说B,不如说A”或“比起B,更是A”。 ✓ She is more a mother than a teacher to them.(对他们来说,她更像母亲,而不是老师。) ✓ He cares more about others than about himself.(比起自己,他更关心别人。) 第一步:看一份典型初稿,问题在哪 I admire my mother. She is a nurse. She works very hard. She often works at night. She cares about her patients. I think she is a good person. 这份稿子的毛病很典型:通篇简单句,一句一个信息点,像在填表格,读起来没有节奏,也没有“选择”的张力。先别急着加高级句式,顺序不能反——先立内容,再提句式。 第二步:立主干——合并信息,制造“取舍” Instead of enjoying a comfortable life at home, my mother, a nurse, devotes herself to caring for her patients day and night. 这一句将“她是护士、工作努力、经常夜班、关心病人”几个零散信息合并为一句主干,并用 instead of 立起“牺牲休息”与“照顾病人”的取舍对比。 第三步:投放高级句式——让句子有层次 Instead of enjoying a comfortable life, my mother, who works as a nurse, devotes herself to caring for her patients. She is more interested in the health of others than in her own rest, which reminds me that true value lies in serving others. 这一稿在主干之上叠加三层:who 引导的非限制性定语从句交代身份;more interested in A than in B 点出品质;which 引导的非限制性定语从句将她的品质与我的感悟贯通。句式是为内容服务的——每一处结构,都在强化“她选择他人、舍弃自己”这个主题。 【自主练习】 请按“先内容、后句式”的顺序,把下面这位志愿者的素材改写成一段80词左右的短文:他放弃高薪工作,去山区支教,晚上常备课到深夜,他更关心孩子们的成长,而不是自己的收入。要求:至少用上 instead of 和 more...than... 两个结构,并尝试加一处定语从句。 (改写时对照这三步:先合并信息立主干 → 再投放取舍结构与从句 → 最后通读检查是否每一句都在为“选择与品质”服务。) 【参考范文】 Instead of pursuing a high salary in the city, Mr. Li chose to teach in a remote mountain village. He often stays up late preparing lessons, devoting all his energy to his students. He cares more about the children’s growth than about his own income, which deeply moves everyone who knows him. To him, the true value of life lies not in what you earn, but in what you give. 【评分要点】 instead of + 动名词 2分;more...than... 2分;定语从句 2分;内容要点完整 4分;语言准确 2分。 【课后巩固】 (A) 语法填空(中档层 · 10空,7:3 有提示词:无提示词比例,对标新高考) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Zhang Guimei, (1)________ (know) as the “mother” of thousands of girls, is a teacher in Yunnan Province. In 2008, she founded the country’s first free high school for girls in Huaping, (2)________ (aim) to give girls from poor families a chance to receive education. She has worked in Huaping ever since, (3)________ she has helped countless students. She was the first teacher in the school (4)________ (arrive) at the classroom every morning. Over the years, she has helped more than 1,800 girls go to college, (5)________ (devote) all her time and energy to them. (6)________ (face) with her poor health, she never complains. To her, (7)________ (devote) to helping girls change their fate is her greatest happiness. Her story tells us (8)________ true love for students means. People are deeply moved by her (9)________ (selfless) and remember her contributions. (10)________ truth, she is a role model for teachers across the country. 【答案与解析】 (1) Known。主语 Zhang Guimei 与 know 是被动(被称作),过去分词作状语,句首注意大写。填 Knowing 是没判被动、也没大写。 (2) aiming。逻辑主语 she 与 aim 是主动关系,现在分词作状语表目的。填 aimed 是误判被动。 (3) where。先行词 Huaping 表地点,从句 she has helped countless students 主谓宾完整、缺地点状语,用关系副词 where。填 which 是只看到先行词表地点、没看从句缺什么。 (4) to arrive。the first teacher 后接不定式作定语,主动关系,用 to arrive。填 arriving 或 arrived 是没识别“序数词+名词”结构。 (5) devoting。主语 she 与 devote 是主动关系,现在分词作伴随状语。填 devoted 是误判被动。 (6) Faced。be faced with(面对)是固定搭配,主语 she 与 face 是被动(“被”面对),过去分词作状语、句首大写,兼表让步——“虽面对糟糕的健康却从不抱怨”。填 Facing 是没识别 be faced with 这个搭配。 (7) Devotion。devote 是动词,空格位于句首作主语,需名词形式 Devotion,注意大写。填 Devote 是没做词性转换,填 Devoting 则词性不对——此处是名词位,不是动名词位。 (8) what。tells us 后接宾语从句,从句中 means 缺宾语,用 what 引导名词性从句。填 that 是误以为从句完整,没发现 means 缺宾语。 (9) selflessness。物主代词 her 之后需要一个名词作 moved by 的宾语,selfless 是形容词,其名词形式为 selflessness。填 selfless 是直接抄原词。 (10) In。固定搭配 in truth(事实上),相当于 in fact。填 On 或 For 是没记住 in truth 这个搭配。 (B) 单句语法填空(基础层 · 核心词专项) 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空,或填入适当的介词。 The committee ____________ (reject) his proposal for lack of evidence. The hotel ____________ (charge) us 500 yuan for one night. She was ____________ (elect) to the school committee last week. The firefighters ____________ (rescue) three children from the burning house yesterday. The parents entrusted their children ____________ the care of the school. She tends ____________ (stay) up late to prepare lessons. Her dedication ____________ (impress) everyone deeply. The doctor has delivered hundreds of ____________ (baby) in her career. 【答案与解析】 rejected。宾语是 proposal(议案),主语 committee(委员会)语气正式,用 reject 过去式。若填 refused,是没看出“正式否决议案”的语境。 charged。charge sb money for sth 为固定搭配,时态过去。填 cost 是混淆——cost 的主语常是“物/事”表“花费”,而 charge 的主语是“收费方”。 elected。be elected to + 机构,被动语态。填 elect 是忘了被动。 rescued。rescue sb from sth 从……中救出,时态过去。填 saved 是没注意 rescue 更强调“从危险中救出”。 to。entrust sth to sb 把……托付给……,固定介词 to。填 with 是混淆 entrust sb with sth 与 entrust sth to sb。 to stay。tend to do sth 往往/倾向于做某事,固定用法。填 staying 是混淆 tend to do 与 tend + 名词(照料)。 impressed。sth impresses sb,主语 dedication 是物、宾语 everyone 是人,时态过去。填 was impressed 是误用被动(此处主语是物,作主动)。 babies。hundreds of 后接可数名词复数,baby 复数为 babies。填 baby 是没变复数。 (C) 写作微练(挑战层 · 综合产出) 以 A Person I Admire 为题,写3—5句话(约60—80词),介绍一位你敬佩的人物。要求至少使用 instead of + 动名词、more...than... 和一处定语从句。 【参考范文】 Instead of pursuing a comfortable life in the city, my aunt chose to work as a volunteer teacher in a remote village. She cares more about the children’s future than about her own comfort, which deeply moves everyone who knows her. Her dedication reminds me that true happiness lies in giving, not in receiving. 【评分要点】 instead of + 动名词 2分;more...than... 2分;定语从句 2分;内容要点完整 4分;语言准确 2分。 常见失分点:instead of 后误接动词原形(应为动名词);more...than... 比较对象不一致;定语从句关系词选用错误(如缺宾语时误用 where)。 【本讲自检清单】 学完本讲,你能不能当场做到这四件事—— □ 五个高频词脱口说出搭配:in charge of / entrust sb with sth / tend to do / rescue sb from / be impressed by □ 看到 the first / the only + 名词,条件反射填 to do(the first woman ever to be hired) □ 定语从句判断标准背得出:看“从句缺什么”,不是看“先行词是什么” □ 写作时,instead of / rather than / more...than... 各能写一句“选择与品质” 四格全打钩,这一讲才算真正“从读得懂,变成写得出”。第3讲教“读懂传记”,第4讲教“用好传记的语言”,两讲合起来,从读到写,一脉贯通。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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【周周有招】新教材同步尖子班讲义第4讲 Unit 2-Morals and Virtues(传记语言考点精讲)-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第三册(教师版+学生版)
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【周周有招】新教材同步尖子班讲义第4讲 Unit 2-Morals and Virtues(传记语言考点精讲)-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第三册(教师版+学生版)
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【周周有招】新教材同步尖子班讲义第4讲 Unit 2-Morals and Virtues(传记语言考点精讲)-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第三册(教师版+学生版)
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