【周周有招】同步登顶班讲义第1讲Unit1-The Changing World（词汇派生与名词性从句-语法填空专项）2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

本讲义聚焦初中英语语法填空核心知识点，系统梳理词形变化（词汇派生）与名词性从句两大模块。通过“先撞墙自测”引入问题，以词形线（词根派生网络、单句及语篇实战）和从句线（引导词系统、单句及语篇训练）为支架，逐步引导学生掌握“给词空判成分定形式”“虚词空辨从句锁引导词”的解题逻辑，最终通过分层闯关与自检清单巩固。 该资料以“两级判断法”“三步锁定法”为核心亮点，结合Unit 1高频词根（如cover→coverage/uncovered）和名词性从句实例（如主语从句引导词whether的应用），提升学生语言能力（语法应用与语篇理解）和思维品质（分析推断）。课中讲练结合助力教师高效授课，课后自检清单与作业帮助学生自主查漏补缺，培养学习能力。

Unit 1 The Changing World 精品讲义2026秋九年级（上册）英语-新教材人教版九年级 第1讲 词形变对，从句填准 语法讲练（学生版） 词汇课 ● 词汇派生与名词性从句 一、本讲导航 这一讲只做一件事：把语法填空里那两种空，从“发慌”变成“稳拿”。翻开一张语法填空卷，十个空里大约一半给了提示词——名词、动词、形容词；另一半什么也不给，要你自己填虚词。很多同学不是语法不懂，是见了空就慌：给词的不敢动，怕变错；不给词的乱填，全凭语感。本讲就用两条线，把这两种空分别拿下：词形线，管“给词的空”；从句线，管“不给词的虚词空”。 落到考场上，语法填空是中考英语的固定题型，十空、每空一分，考的就是“词形变化＋虚词判断”这两件事，一张卷子就占十分。这两条线走通了，十分里至少能稳住八分。 学完这一讲，你能不能做到三件事：①拿到一个“给词的空”，先判句子里缺什么成分，再定这个词该变成什么形式；②拿到一个“没给词的空”，先判断它是不是从句、是什么从句，再锁定引导词；③在整篇语篇里，两种空混在一起出现，你能分清该用哪条线去解。 重难点有二：①词形变化“先判成分、再定形式”的两级判断法——这是给词空的命门；②名词性从句引导词的“三步锁定法”——这是虚词空的卡壳处。其余细节点到即止。 二、先撞一次墙 动手之前，先做三道小题。别急着翻后面，看看你自己会不会像下面这样错。 【作答区】 1．He became more ___（confidence）after winning the prize. 2．___ he will come is still unknown. 3．I don't know ___ he did to solve the problem. 三道题撞出的其实是同一个病根：给词的空，错在“不会定形式”；不给词的空，错在“不会判从句”。本讲两条线，一条线治一个病。 三、词形线 · 词汇派生网络 先立一条总口诀，后面每个词都按它走：空当什么成分，词就变什么形式。拿到一个给词的空，先问自己三件事：①这个空的位置，缺的是名词、动词、形容词，还是副词？②如果是名词，可数还是不可数、单数还是复数？③如果是动词，是谓语（要按时态语态变）还是非谓语（用 to do、doing 还是 done）？ 词形线考的东西，本质是把一个词根当成“变形金刚”。一个词根能变出几种词性，语法填空多半就在那里设空。下面把这组 Unit 1 的高频词根一个个拆开，按“含义→派生→考点或易错→例句”走，该详则详、该简则简。 1. cover v.覆盖；包括　n.封面；盖子　→　coverage n.报道；覆盖范围　→　uncovered adj.无覆盖的；未被发现的 考点：名词 coverage 在句子里的意思是“报道”或“覆盖范围”，常出现在“give full coverage of”搭配里；形容词 uncovered 是“未被发现的”，正好考反义。例：The newspaper gives full coverage of the important event. 2. short adj.短的　→　shortage n.短缺　→　shorten v.缩短　→　shortly adv.不久 考点：shortage 作名词“短缺”，shorten 作动词“缩短”。给 short 一个空，先看它要当名词还是动词。例：We need to shorten our plan so that we can finish the work ahead of time. 3. lack n.& v.缺乏　→　lacking adj.缺乏的 易错：lack 可作名词也可作动词；作形容词是 lacking，固定搭配 be lacking in（缺乏……）。例：Many kids are lacking in outdoor exercise. 4. support n.& v.支持　→　supporter n.支持者　→　supportive adj.支持的 搭配：be supportive of（支持……）；support 作动词直接跟宾语。例：We are supportive of the new plan. 5. attraction n.景点；吸引力　→　attract v.吸引　→　attractive adj.有吸引力的 考点：形容词 attractive 常在系动词后作表语，句型 so attractive that。例：The natural scenery is so attractive that thousands of visitors come every year. 6. product n.产品　→　produce v.生产；n.农产品　→　production n.生产　→　productive adj.多产的 易错：produce 既是动词“生产”又是名词“农产品”，读音略不同；product 是可数名词“产品”，production 是抽象名词“生产”。例：The factory produces cars and the product sells well. 7. great adj.伟大的　→　greatly adv.大大地　→　greatness n.伟大 考点：副词 greatly 修饰动词或分词，常出现在“have been greatly improved”这类被动句里。例：Living conditions have been greatly improved. 8. social adj.社会的；社交的　→　society n.社会　→　socialist adj.社会主义的　n.社会主义者　→　socialism n.社会主义 辨析：social 是形容词，society 是名词“社会”，socialism 是“社会主义”，socialist 既可作形容词也可作名词。例：It is good for teenagers to develop social skills. 9. wide adj.宽的　→　widely adv.广泛地　→　widen v.加宽　→　width n.宽度 考点：副词 widely 修饰动词，be widely used 是高频搭配。例：Smartphones are widely used in our daily life. 10. link n.联系；交通路线　v.连接　→　linked adj.连接的；相关的 搭配：be linked to（与……相关联）。例：The two cities are linked by the new railway. 11. benefit n.益处　v.使受益；得益于　→　beneficial adj.有益的 考点：beneficial 常与介词 to 搭配：be beneficial to（对……有益）。例：Reading every day is beneficial to your English. 12. convenient adj.方便的　→　convenience n.便利　→　inconvenient adj.不方便的 易错：convenient 的主语必须是“物”，不能说 I am convenient。要说 It is convenient for me to do sth.。例：It is convenient for us to take the subway to school. 13. manage v.管理；设法做成　→　manager n.经理　→　management n.管理 搭配：manage to do（设法做成某事）。例：The manager managed to finish the project on time. 14. conclude v.得出结论　→　conclusion n.结论　→　conclusive adj.确凿的 搭配：come to a conclusion（得出结论）；in conclusion（总之）。例：In conclusion, teamwork plays an important role. 15. lead v.带领；引导　n.领先　→　leader n.领袖　→　leading adj.主要的；领先的 搭配：lead to（导致）；leading role（主要角色）。例：Hard work leads to success. 【点拨】这组词给我们的启发：记词不是单记一个，而是记一“族”。考场上给族里的一个词设空，你要能立刻调出整族，再按空的位置选对那一个。 四、词形线 · 单句实战 下面九句，全是中考语法填空单句的常见考法。每句按两级判断法走：先看空的位置缺什么成分，再定这个词的形式。先自己做，再对答案，别先看解析。 【作答区】 1．We have seen great ___（improve）in our English since we began to take notes every day. 2．The trip will take ___（rough）three hours if there isn't heavy traffic. 3．It's ___（use）for teenagers to develop good reading habits in daily life. 4．The newspaper gives full ___（cover）of the important sports competition. 5．We need to ___（short）our plan so that we can finish the work ahead of time. 6．Many kids are ___（lack）in outdoor exercise because of too much homework. 7．The natural scenery in Wuhan is so ___（attract）that thousands of visitors come here every year. 8．People's living conditions have been ___（great）improved in the past ten years. 9．She became ___（easy）when she found she had lost her key on the way home. 【点拨】九句看下来你会发现：给词的空，先定词性是第一步。大多数失分不是不会这个词，而是没想清楚“空这里要的是名词还是形容词、是谓语还是副词”。判断词性，永远先于变形。 五、词形线 · 语篇实战 单句会了，放进一篇里，难点就来了：给词的空和没给词的空混着出现，你得来回切换判断。下面这篇讲的是“山乡巨变”，十处挖空，一半给词、一半不给词，正是中考语法填空的标准配比。先通读一遍，再用两条线逐空解。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For generations, the remote valley had been home to poverty and despair. The soil was poor, and traditional farming 1. ___（technique）could barely make ends meet. Many young people had migrated to cities, leaving the 2. ___（elder）behind to struggle with the harsh elements. However, a turning point came 3. ___ the government launched a rural revitalization campaign. Experts 4. ___（send）to assess the situation. They introduced sustainable agricultural practices, which significantly increased crop output. New facilities were built, and farmers were trained 5. ___（use）modern devices. The impact was profound. The yields improved 6. ___（dramatic）, and the living standards of the villagers rose. Investment in local ecology and biodiversity conservation made the region 7. ___ model of green development. People who had once complained about their hardship now spoke highly 8. ___ the changes. The success story was even published in a notable journal, 9. ___（throw）light on how innovation could alleviate poverty. Now, the valley is thriving. The villagers, once on the verge of giving up, have found new hope. Their journey is a stunning example of how 10. ___（determinate）and the right approach can transform a community. 【点拨】这篇十空里，第 3、7、8 空是没给词的：一个考从句连词，两个考冠词和介词。词形线管的是给了词的六空；剩下四空要靠第二条线——从句线和“词类意识”去兜底。接下来就专攻不给词的那条线。 六、从句线 · 名词性从句引导词系统 不给词的空，最常考的一类就是从句引导词。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句——它的判断核心只有一个：这个从句在主句里充当什么成分。判断依据不在从句内容，在“引导词在从句里作不作成分、作什么成分”。 先把引导词分三类记牢，它们的区别只在“在从句中作不作成分”： 引导词 在从句中的作用 是否作成分 that 不作任何成分，也无实义 不作成分 whether / if 不作任何成分，表“是否” 不作成分 who(ever) / what(ever) / whom(ever) / which(ever) / whose 作主语、宾语或表语（whom 作宾语，whose 作定语） 作成分 when(ever) / where(ever) / why / how(ever) 作状语（时间、地点、原因、方式） 作成分 三行就是全部家底。判断时走三步： ① 辨类型：先看从句在主句里当什么——当主语、宾语、表语还是同位语，就能确认是名词性从句。 ② 看成分：把引导词放进从句里，看它有没有“缺位”——缺主语、宾语，就用连接代词那行；缺状语，就用连接副词那行；什么都不缺，就看意思：表“是否”用 whether/if，其余用 that。 ③ 对号入座：缺什么补什么，缺主语补 who/what，缺时间补 when，缺地点补 where，缺原因补 why，缺方式补 how。 最容易翻车的两处：一是 whether 和 if——作主语从句放句首，只能用 whether，if 不行；二是 that 和 what——that 只负责“连接”，从句缺宾语时它补不上，得用 what。 七、从句线 · 单句与语篇训练 先单句热手，再进语篇。单句考的是“看清一个从句”，语篇考的是“在十个空里认出哪个是名词性从句”。 【作答区 · 单句】 1．Many students don't know ___ they should do. 2．Chinese chess shows ___ people lived and fought in ancient China. 3．She questioned ___ she had really won her success. 4．She asked ___ had directed the new movie. 5．He didn't know ___ the cinema was located. 6．I wonder ___ the best way to solve this problem is. 7．She didn't tell me ___ she was late for the meeting. 8．It was not clear ___ the water in the reservoir would rise again. 9．My first task was to decide ___ to go and how to get there. 10．The problem is ___ one less hour of sleep is not equal to an extra hour of achievement. 【作答区 · 语篇】阅读下面短文，从上下文逻辑判断，在空白处填入适当的从句引导词。 What worries my classmate Mary a lot these days is 11. ___ she puts on too much weight and she is frequently ill. She has some doubts 12. ___ she eats too much fast food high in fat or sugar. Also, with the exam approaching, she becomes more stressed and can't sleep well. Maybe this is 13. ___ she becomes fatter these days, she thinks. 14. ___ she becomes slimmer and healthier has been her main concern. So she wants to consult some experts. But where she can get better suggestions and 15. ___ will give her better advice also puzzle her. It is her parents' suggestion 16. ___ she should consult Professor Wang in the hospital. Professor Wang suggests 17. ___ she keep a balanced diet first. Mary asked Professor Wang 18. ___ she should take exercise. Professor Wang advised her to take exercise at five in the afternoon. That is 19. ___ she will have more time to do sports. It is with the help of Professor Wang 20. ___ Mary has become much healthier now. 【点拨】语篇里的名词性从句，长相和单句完全一样，难点只在“你能不能从一堆句子中把它认出来”。认出来的开关就一个：找谓语动词，数它前面的引导词在从句里缺不缺成分、缺什么成分。 八、分层闯关 三条题，难度递进。先做基础热身，再啃中档，最后挑战综合。别跳关。 【基础层 · 词形热身】 1．We are proud of the great ___（achieve）we have made in the past years. 2．It's ___（possible）for him to finish the work in one day. 3．The more you practice, the ___（good）your English will be. 【中档层 · 从句锁定】 4．___ we will have a picnic depends on the weather. 5．That is ___ I want to tell you. 6．Do you know ___ the nearest bank is? 【挑战层 · 语篇综合】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当单词或所给词的正确形式。 Wuhan has changed a lot. 1. ___ makes us proud is that the city is becoming more modern. People now enjoy a 2. ___（convenient）life. It is 3. ___（exact）what we have been dreaming of. Many old buildings 4. ___（rebuild）in recent years, which is a 5. ___（produce）of hard work. 6. ___ we should do now is to keep the environment clean. 九、带走 · 本讲自检清单 下课之前，把两句口诀带回去，复习时当钥匙用。 【口诀一 · 词形线】空看成分定词性，名词单复动词态；形容词副比较级，非谓只在 to do 变。 【口诀二 · 从句线】先辨类型看成分，缺主宾用 who what；缺状 when、where 跟 how，无成分 that、是否 whether。 合上讲义，自问三件事：①拿到给词的空，我能不能先说出“这里缺什么成分”，再动手变形？②拿到没给词的空，我能不能先问“这是不是名词性从句”，再想引导词？③两类空混在一篇里，我还能不能分清该用哪条线？三个“能”，本讲就算带走。 还差一步的话，回到第七节语篇，把每一空的判断重走一遍，卡在哪一步，就补哪一步。 十、课后作业 完成下面这篇语法填空。题材另选，方法不变——用本讲两条线，独立走完，再对答案。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Life in our city has changed a lot in recent years. Ten years ago, people 1. ___（ride）bikes to work, but now more and more people take the subway. The opening of the new subway lines has made travel much 2. ___（easy）. 3. ___ is more important is that the air has become cleaner. Factories 4. ___（stop）polluting the rivers, and the water is clear again. People who once complained about traffic jams now speak 5. ___（high）of the changes. However, the population 6. ___（grow）fast, so the city needs more schools and hospitals. 7. ___ the government does next will decide how comfortable our life will be. We all believe 8. ___ our city will be even better in the future. It is our common effort 9. ___ will make these dreams come true. The changes teach us 10. ___ important it is to keep improving. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 The Changing World 精品讲义2026秋九年级（上册）英语-新教材人教版九年级上册 第1讲 词形变对，从句填准 语法讲练（教师版） 词汇课 ● 词汇派生与名词性从句 一、本讲导航 这一讲只做一件事：把语法填空里那两种空，从“发慌”变成“稳拿”。翻开一张语法填空卷，十个空里大约一半给了提示词——名词、动词、形容词；另一半什么也不给，要你自己填虚词。很多同学不是语法不懂，是见了空就慌：给词的不敢动，怕变错；不给词的乱填，全凭语感。本讲就用两条线，把这两种空分别拿下：词形线，管“给词的空”；从句线，管“不给词的虚词空”。 落到考场上，语法填空是中考英语的固定题型，十空、每空一分，考的就是“词形变化＋虚词判断”这两件事，一张卷子就占十分。这两条线走通了，十分里至少能稳住八分。 学完这一讲，你能不能做到三件事：①拿到一个“给词的空”，先判句子里缺什么成分，再定这个词该变成什么形式；②拿到一个“没给词的空”，先判断它是不是从句、是什么从句，再锁定引导词；③在整篇语篇里，两种空混在一起出现，你能分清该用哪条线去解。 重难点有二：①词形变化“先判成分、再定形式”的两级判断法——这是给词空的命门；②名词性从句引导词的“三步锁定法”——这是虚词空的卡壳处。其余细节点到即止。 二、先撞一次墙 动手之前，先做三道小题。别急着翻后面，看看你自己会不会像下面这样错。 【作答区】 1．He became more ___（confidence）after winning the prize. 常见错误：很多学生填 confidence，觉得“more 后面接名词”。 【点拨】became 是系动词，后面接的是形容词表语；more 修饰的是形容词原级。所以空里该填形容词 confident，不是名词 confidence。卡壳处就在“看不出 became 是系动词”。 2．___ he will come is still unknown. 常见错误：不少学生填 That，也有人纠结 if。 【点拨】这个空在句首作主语从句，从句意思完整，只是在问“他会不会来”。表“是否”且放句首，只能用 Whether，不能用 if。卡壳处就在“没注意从句在句首”。 3．I don't know ___ he did to solve the problem. 常见错误：有人填 that，有人填 whether。 【点拨】这是宾语从句，但引导词在从句里要作 did 的宾语，表示“他做了什么”。作宾语且表“什么”，用 what。填 that 时从句要成分完整，这里缺宾语。卡壳处就在“不看引导词在从句里作不作成分”。 三道题撞出的其实是同一个病根：给词的空，错在“不会定形式”；不给词的空，错在“不会判从句”。本讲两条线，一条线治一个病。 三、词形线 · 词汇派生网络 先立一条总口诀，后面每个词都按它走：空当什么成分，词就变什么形式。拿到一个给词的空，先问自己三件事：①这个空的位置，缺的是名词、动词、形容词，还是副词？②如果是名词，可数还是不可数、单数还是复数？③如果是动词，是谓语（要按时态语态变）还是非谓语（用 to do、doing 还是 done）？ 词形线考的东西，本质是把一个词根当成“变形金刚”。一个词根能变出几种词性，语法填空多半就在那里设空。下面把这组 Unit 1 的高频词根一个个拆开，按“含义→派生→考点或易错→例句”走，该详则详、该简则简。 1. cover v.覆盖；包括　n.封面；盖子　→　coverage n.报道；覆盖范围　→　uncovered adj.无覆盖的；未被发现的 考点：名词 coverage 在句子里的意思是“报道”或“覆盖范围”，常出现在“give full coverage of”搭配里；形容词 uncovered 是“未被发现的”，正好考反义。例：The newspaper gives full coverage of the important event. 2. short adj.短的　→　shortage n.短缺　→　shorten v.缩短　→　shortly adv.不久 考点：shortage 作名词“短缺”，shorten 作动词“缩短”。给 short 一个空，先看它要当名词还是动词。例：We need to shorten our plan so that we can finish the work ahead of time. 3. lack n.& v.缺乏　→　lacking adj.缺乏的 易错：lack 可作名词也可作动词；作形容词是 lacking，固定搭配 be lacking in（缺乏……）。例：Many kids are lacking in outdoor exercise. 4. support n.& v.支持　→　supporter n.支持者　→　supportive adj.支持的 搭配：be supportive of（支持……）；support 作动词直接跟宾语。例：We are supportive of the new plan. 5. attraction n.景点；吸引力　→　attract v.吸引　→　attractive adj.有吸引力的 考点：形容词 attractive 常在系动词后作表语，句型 so attractive that。例：The natural scenery is so attractive that thousands of visitors come every year. 6. product n.产品　→　produce v.生产；n.农产品　→　production n.生产　→　productive adj.多产的 易错：produce 既是动词“生产”又是名词“农产品”，读音略不同；product 是可数名词“产品”，production 是抽象名词“生产”。例：The factory produces cars and the product sells well. 7. great adj.伟大的　→　greatly adv.大大地　→　greatness n.伟大 考点：副词 greatly 修饰动词或分词，常出现在“have been greatly improved”这类被动句里。例：Living conditions have been greatly improved. 8. social adj.社会的；社交的　→　society n.社会　→　socialist adj.社会主义的　n.社会主义者　→　socialism n.社会主义 辨析：social 是形容词，society 是名词“社会”，socialism 是“社会主义”，socialist 既可作形容词也可作名词。例：It is good for teenagers to develop social skills. 9. wide adj.宽的　→　widely adv.广泛地　→　widen v.加宽　→　width n.宽度 考点：副词 widely 修饰动词，be widely used 是高频搭配。例：Smartphones are widely used in our daily life. 10. link n.联系；交通路线　v.连接　→　linked adj.连接的；相关的 搭配：be linked to（与……相关联）。例：The two cities are linked by the new railway. 11. benefit n.益处　v.使受益；得益于　→　beneficial adj.有益的 考点：beneficial 常与介词 to 搭配：be beneficial to（对……有益）。例：Reading every day is beneficial to your English. 12. convenient adj.方便的　→　convenience n.便利　→　inconvenient adj.不方便的 易错：convenient 的主语必须是“物”，不能说 I am convenient。要说 It is convenient for me to do sth.。例：It is convenient for us to take the subway to school. 13. manage v.管理；设法做成　→　manager n.经理　→　management n.管理 搭配：manage to do（设法做成某事）。例：The manager managed to finish the project on time. 14. conclude v.得出结论　→　conclusion n.结论　→　conclusive adj.确凿的 搭配：come to a conclusion（得出结论）；in conclusion（总之）。例：In conclusion, teamwork plays an important role. 15. lead v.带领；引导　n.领先　→　leader n.领袖　→　leading adj.主要的；领先的 搭配：lead to（导致）；leading role（主要角色）。例：Hard work leads to success. 【点拨】这组词给我们的启发：记词不是单记一个，而是记一“族”。考场上给族里的一个词设空，你要能立刻调出整族，再按空的位置选对那一个。 四、词形线 · 单句实战 下面九句，全是中考语法填空单句的常见考法。每句按两级判断法走：先看空的位置缺什么成分，再定这个词的形式。先自己做，再对答案，别先看解析。 【作答区】 1．We have seen great ___（improve）in our English since we began to take notes every day. 【答案与解析】improvement。空在 great 后面，形容词修饰名词，所以 improve 要变成名词 improvement。 2．The trip will take ___（rough）three hours if there isn't heavy traffic. 【答案与解析】roughly。rough 是形容词，空在修饰 three hours 的位置，要用副词 roughly，表示“大约”。 3．It's ___（use）for teenagers to develop good reading habits in daily life. 【答案与解析】useful。It's + 形容词 + for sb to do，空在系动词后作表语，要用形容词 useful。 4．The newspaper gives full ___（cover）of the important sports competition. 【答案与解析】coverage。full 修饰名词，cover 变名词 coverage，固定搭配 give full coverage of。 5．We need to ___（short）our plan so that we can finish the work ahead of time. 【答案与解析】shorten。need to 后接动词原形，short 是形容词，要变成动词 shorten（缩短）。 6．Many kids are ___（lack）in outdoor exercise because of too much homework. 【答案与解析】lacking。be lacking in 是固定搭配，表示“缺乏”，所以用形容词形式 lacking。 7．The natural scenery in Wuhan is so ___（attract）that thousands of visitors come here every year. 【答案与解析】attractive。so + 形容词 + that，空在系动词后作表语，用形容词 attractive。 8．People's living conditions have been ___（great）improved in the past ten years. 【答案与解析】greatly。improved 是过去分词，要用副词修饰，所以填 greatly。 9．She became ___（easy）when she found she had lost her key on the way home. 【答案与解析】uneasy。句意“她变得不安”，became 后接形容词，easy 的反义是 uneasy（不安的）。这里考的是反义前缀 un-。 【点拨】九句看下来你会发现：给词的空，先定词性是第一步。大多数失分不是不会这个词，而是没想清楚“空这里要的是名词还是形容词、是谓语还是副词”。判断词性，永远先于变形。 五、词形线 · 语篇实战 单句会了，放进一篇里，难点就来了：给词的空和没给词的空混着出现，你得来回切换判断。下面这篇讲的是“山乡巨变”，十处挖空，一半给词、一半不给词，正是中考语法填空的标准配比。先通读一遍，再用两条线逐空解。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For generations, the remote valley had been home to poverty and despair. The soil was poor, and traditional farming 1. ___（technique）could barely make ends meet. Many young people had migrated to cities, leaving the 2. ___（elder）behind to struggle with the harsh elements. However, a turning point came 3. ___ the government launched a rural revitalization campaign. Experts 4. ___（send）to assess the situation. They introduced sustainable agricultural practices, which significantly increased crop output. New facilities were built, and farmers were trained 5. ___（use）modern devices. The impact was profound. The yields improved 6. ___（dramatic）, and the living standards of the villagers rose. Investment in local ecology and biodiversity conservation made the region 7. ___ model of green development. People who had once complained about their hardship now spoke highly 8. ___ the changes. The success story was even published in a notable journal, 9. ___（throw）light on how innovation could alleviate poverty. Now, the valley is thriving. The villagers, once on the verge of giving up, have found new hope. Their journey is a stunning example of how 10. ___（determinate）and the right approach can transform a community. 【答案与解析】 1. techniques。可数名词 technique 在 farming 后作主语，前面没有冠词，用复数表泛指。 2. elderly。“the + 形容词”表示一类人，the elderly 指老年人，elder 变 elderly。 3. when。这是不给词的空，看主从句关系：turning point 到来与政府行动是时间关系，缺时间状语从句连词，填 when。 4. were sent。空作谓语，主语 Experts 是被“派”，用一般过去时被动语态 were sent。 5. to use。be trained to do sth. 表示“被训练做某事”，固定搭配用不定式 to use。 6. dramatically。修饰动词 improved，形容词 dramatic 变副词 dramatically。 7. a。model 是可数名词单数，第一次出现，表泛指“一个典范”，填不定冠词 a。 8. of。speak highly of 是固定搭配，意为“高度赞扬”，填介词 of。 9. throwing。句子已有谓语 was published，此处用非谓语；逻辑主语 The success story 是主动“揭示”，用现在分词 throwing 作伴随状语。 10. determination。and 连接两个并列名词，determinate 是形容词，这里要名词 determination（决心）。 【点拨】这篇十空里，第 3、7、8 空是没给词的：一个考从句连词，两个考冠词和介词。词形线管的是给了词的六空；剩下四空要靠第二条线——从句线和“词类意识”去兜底。接下来就专攻不给词的那条线。 六、从句线 · 名词性从句引导词系统 不给词的空，最常考的一类就是从句引导词。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句——它的判断核心只有一个：这个从句在主句里充当什么成分。判断依据不在从句内容，在“引导词在从句里作不作成分、作什么成分”。 先把引导词分三类记牢，它们的区别只在“在从句中作不作成分”： 引导词 在从句中的作用 是否作成分 that 不作任何成分，也无实义 不作成分 whether / if 不作任何成分，表“是否” 不作成分 who(ever) / what(ever) / whom(ever) / which(ever) / whose 作主语、宾语或表语（whom 作宾语，whose 作定语） 作成分 when(ever) / where(ever) / why / how(ever) 作状语（时间、地点、原因、方式） 作成分 三行就是全部家底。判断时走三步： ① 辨类型：先看从句在主句里当什么——当主语、宾语、表语还是同位语，就能确认是名词性从句。 ② 看成分：把引导词放进从句里，看它有没有“缺位”——缺主语、宾语，就用连接代词那行；缺状语，就用连接副词那行；什么都不缺，就看意思：表“是否”用 whether/if，其余用 that。 ③ 对号入座：缺什么补什么，缺主语补 who/what，缺时间补 when，缺地点补 where，缺原因补 why，缺方式补 how。 最容易翻车的两处：一是 whether 和 if——作主语从句放句首，只能用 whether，if 不行；二是 that 和 what——that 只负责“连接”，从句缺宾语时它补不上，得用 what。 七、从句线 · 单句与语篇训练 先单句热手，再进语篇。单句考的是“看清一个从句”，语篇考的是“在十个空里认出哪个是名词性从句”。 【作答区 · 单句】 1．Many students don't know ___ they should do. 【答案】what。宾语从句，do 后面缺宾语，填 what。 2．Chinese chess shows ___ people lived and fought in ancient China. 【答案】how。宾语从句，从句不缺主宾，缺方式状语“怎样”，填 how。 3．She questioned ___ she had really won her success. 【答案】whether / if。宾语从句，从句完整，表“是否”，填 whether 或 if。 4．She asked ___ had directed the new movie. 【答案】who。宾语从句，从句缺主语，表“谁”，填 who。 5．He didn't know ___ the cinema was located. 【答案】where。宾语从句，从句缺地点状语，填 where。 6．I wonder ___ the best way to solve this problem is. 【答案】what。宾语从句，is 后面缺表语，表“什么”，填 what。 7．She didn't tell me ___ she was late for the meeting. 【答案】why。宾语从句，缺原因状语“为什么”，填 why。 8．It was not clear ___ the water in the reservoir would rise again. 【答案】when。真正主语是后面的从句，从句缺时间状语“何时”，填 when。 9．My first task was to decide ___ to go and how to get there. 【答案】where。不定式宾语从句，to go 后缺地点，填 where（也可不填，但此处选 where 表“去哪里”）。 10．The problem is ___ one less hour of sleep is not equal to an extra hour of achievement. 【答案】that。表语从句，从句完整无缺，用 that 连接。 【作答区 · 语篇】阅读下面短文，从上下文逻辑判断，在空白处填入适当的从句引导词。 What worries my classmate Mary a lot these days is 11. ___ she puts on too much weight and she is frequently ill. She has some doubts 12. ___ she eats too much fast food high in fat or sugar. Also, with the exam approaching, she becomes more stressed and can't sleep well. Maybe this is 13. ___ she becomes fatter these days, she thinks. 14. ___ she becomes slimmer and healthier has been her main concern. So she wants to consult some experts. But where she can get better suggestions and 15. ___ will give her better advice also puzzle her. It is her parents' suggestion 16. ___ she should consult Professor Wang in the hospital. Professor Wang suggests 17. ___ she keep a balanced diet first. Mary asked Professor Wang 18. ___ she should take exercise. Professor Wang advised her to take exercise at five in the afternoon. That is 19. ___ she will have more time to do sports. It is with the help of Professor Wang 20. ___ Mary has become much healthier now. 【答案与解析】 11. that。系动词 is 后是表语从句，从句完整，用 that。 12. whether。doubts 后接宾语从句，表“是否”，用 whether（也可 if）。 13. why。is 后表语从句，缺原因，指“这就是她变胖的原因”，填 why。 14. How。句首主语从句，从句完整缺方式“怎样变苗条”，用 How（句首）。 15. who。并列主语从句，从句缺主语表“谁”，用 who。 16. that。suggestion 后是同位语从句，从句完整，用 that。 17. that。suggest 后接宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气（keep），引导词用 that。 18. when。宾语从句，asked 后表“什么时候锻炼”，缺时间状语，用 when。 19. because。表语从句，解释原因“因为那时有更多时间”，用 because。 20. that。这是强调句型 It is...that，强调 with the help of Professor Wang，用 that。 【点拨】语篇里的名词性从句，长相和单句完全一样，难点只在“你能不能从一堆句子中把它认出来”。认出来的开关就一个：找谓语动词，数它前面的引导词在从句里缺不缺成分、缺什么成分。 八、分层闯关 三条题，难度递进。先做基础热身，再啃中档，最后挑战综合。别跳关。 【基础层 · 词形热身】 1．We are proud of the great ___（achieve）we have made in the past years. 【答案】achievements。great 修饰名词，achieve 变名词 achievements。 2．It's ___（possible）for him to finish the work in one day. 【答案】impossible。句意“不可能”，possible 加否定前缀 im-。 3．The more you practice, the ___（good）your English will be. 【答案】better。“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”结构，good 用比较级 better。 【中档层 · 从句锁定】 4．___ we will have a picnic depends on the weather. 【答案】Whether。主语从句，表“是否”，放句首只能用 Whether。 5．That is ___ I want to tell you. 【答案】what。表语从句，tell 后面缺宾语，用 what。 6．Do you know ___ the nearest bank is? 【答案】where。宾语从句，缺地点，用 where。 【挑战层 · 语篇综合】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当单词或所给词的正确形式。 Wuhan has changed a lot. 1. ___ makes us proud is that the city is becoming more modern. People now enjoy a 2. ___（convenient）life. It is 3. ___（exact）what we have been dreaming of. Many old buildings 4. ___（rebuild）in recent years, which is a 5. ___（produce）of hard work. 6. ___ we should do now is to keep the environment clean. 【答案与解析】1. What（主语从句缺主语，指“令我们自豪的事”）。2. convenient（形容词修饰名词 life）。3. exactly（副词修饰 what 从句，表“正是”）。4. have been rebuilt（in recent years 用现在完成时，建筑物是被重建，用被动）。5. product（介词 of 后接名词，a product of hard work“努力的产物”）。6. What（主语从句，do 后面缺宾语）。 九、带走 · 本讲自检清单 下课之前，把两句口诀带回去，复习时当钥匙用。 【口诀一 · 词形线】空看成分定词性，名词单复动词态；形容词副比较级，非谓只在 to do 变。 【口诀二 · 从句线】先辨类型看成分，缺主宾用 who what；缺状 when、where 跟 how，无成分 that、是否 whether。 合上讲义，自问三件事：①拿到给词的空，我能不能先说出“这里缺什么成分”，再动手变形？②拿到没给词的空，我能不能先问“这是不是名词性从句”，再想引导词？③两类空混在一篇里，我还能不能分清该用哪条线？三个“能”，本讲就算带走。 还差一步的话，回到第七节语篇，把每一空的判断重走一遍，卡在哪一步，就补哪一步。 十、课后作业 完成下面这篇语法填空。题材另选，方法不变——用本讲两条线，独立走完，再对答案。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Life in our city has changed a lot in recent years. Ten years ago, people 1. ___（ride）bikes to work, but now more and more people take the subway. The opening of the new subway lines has made travel much 2. ___（easy）. 3. ___ is more important is that the air has become cleaner. Factories 4. ___（stop）polluting the rivers, and the water is clear again. People who once complained about traffic jams now speak 5. ___（high）of the changes. However, the population 6. ___（grow）fast, so the city needs more schools and hospitals. 7. ___ the government does next will decide how comfortable our life will be. We all believe 8. ___ our city will be even better in the future. It is our common effort 9. ___ will make these dreams come true. The changes teach us 10. ___ important it is to keep improving. 【答案与解析】 1. rode。Ten years ago 表示过去，ride 用一般过去时 rode。 2. easier。much 修饰比较级，easy 变 easier，指“旅行更方便”。 3. What。主语从句，is 前缺主语，指“更重要的事”，用 What。 4. have stopped。现在完成时表“已经停止污染”，主语 factories 复数，用 have stopped。 5. highly。speak highly of 固定搭配，意为“高度赞扬”，用副词 highly。 6. is growing。population 是主语，表“正在快速增长”，用现在进行时 is growing。 7. What。主语从句，does 后面缺宾语，指“政府接下来做的事”，用 What。 8. that。believe 后宾语从句，从句完整，用 that。 9. that。强调句型 It is...that，强调 our common effort，用 that。 10. how。teach us how important...，“多么重要”，how 引导感叹式宾语从句。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $