【周周有招】新教材同步登顶班讲义第3讲 Unit 2-Inspiring People（词汇精讲与人物语篇）2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

Unit 2 Inspiring People 精品讲义2026秋九年级英语-新教材人教版九年级全一册 第3讲 用词为敬佩之人画像 词汇·语篇精读（学生版） 词汇课 ● 单元核心词汇、人物语篇精读与句型仿写 【课时安排】 本讲为 Unit 2 Inspiring People 词汇与语篇课时，建议用时 2 课时——第 1 课时攻克 15 个核心词汇的派生词网与词性判断，第 2 课时精读“我的父亲”语篇并完成句型仿写。 【学习目标】 1. 能说出 Unit 2 核心词汇的派生词形（inspiring—inspire—inspiration 等），独立完成词形变化填空。 2. 能根据句子成分判断词性，在语法填空中正确变形（hunger—hungry、discover—discovery 等）。 3. 能仿写 3 个描写敬佩之人的句型（When it comes to…、When…＋现在分词、it is…who…强调句）。 【本讲导航】 这一讲把“给敬佩之人画像”这件事做扎实。核心动作只有一个——用对词、用活句型。落到考卷上，就是词汇语法填空里的词性变形，和写作里你描写人物时真正拿得出手的句子。重难点有二：①派生词网怎么记——抓住词根，一词生一串；②语法填空怎么定词性——先判成分，再想词形。这一讲的判据只有一条：学完，你能不能给一位敬佩之人写出一段用词准确、句型有层次的话。 板块一 撞墙热身：你能为父亲画像吗 先别翻后面的词汇表。下面是一段描写父亲的短文，空处你凭语感填一个合适的词形。做完再对答案，看自己卡在哪儿。 【作答区】 When it comes to the person I ①________ (admire) most, the first one to come into my mind is my father. He is a ②________ (responsibility) and ③________ (hard-work) father, who takes good care of our family. He works long hours every day but never complains about being tired. When I fail in exams and feel upset, he talks to me gently and encourages me firmly, helping me rebuild my confidence. His ④________ (persist) and ⑤________ (kind) have taught me what it means to be a ⑥________ (rely) person. 【教师点拨·撞墙点】 你是不是在①处犹豫该填动词原形还是形容词？在②③处纠结该用名词还是形容词？在④⑤⑥处更是一头雾水，不知道该填哪一个词形？这三个卡壳处，恰恰是本讲要练的核心能力——先看这个词在句子里做什么成分，再定用哪个词性。形容词修饰名词或作表语，名词作主语或宾语，副词修饰动词。这套“成分→词性”的判断，就是词汇语法填空的命门。带着这个命门往下走。 板块二 核心词汇精讲：抓词根，一词生一串 这 15 个词都来自 Unit 2，几乎全能用来形容或介绍一位 inspiring person。我们按“品质、科学、身份、其他”四组拆。记法上只认一条铁律——抓词根：看到 inspire 就串出 inspiring、inspiration，看到 discover 就串出 discovery、discoverer。一词生一串，词汇量是网，不是点。 （一）描写人物品质的词——给敬佩之人贴“标签” ① inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的 → inspire v. 鼓舞；激励 → inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人/事 搭配：inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事；an inspiring speech 鼓舞人心的演讲。 考点：语法填空常考 inspire 的形容词形式，注意 inspiring 是“令人鼓舞的”（修饰事物/话语），inspired 是“受到鼓舞的”（修饰人，常作 inspired by…）。 易错：inspiration 既可作“灵感”（不可数），也可作“鼓舞人心的人/事”（可数），a source of inspiration 灵感来源。 例句：Her story inspired us to keep going. ／ The movie is truly inspiring. ／ She is an inspiration to all of us. ② admire v. 钦佩；赞赏 → admirable adj. 令人钦佩的 → admiration n. 钦佩；赞赏 搭配：admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人；admire sb.’s courage 钦佩某人的勇气。 辨析：admire（打心底佩服，因才能或品质）、appreciate（欣赏，因价值或美感）、respect（尊敬，因身份或原则）——三者不是一回事。 易错：admirable 是“令人钦佩的”（修饰人/品质），别误当成动词用。 例句：I admire him for his persistence. ／ Her admirable spirit moves everyone around her. ③ wisdom n. 智慧 → wise adj. 明智的 → wisely adv. 明智地 搭配：a man of wisdom 有智慧的人；a wise decision 明智的决定。 考点：wisdom 常作名词作主语或宾语；wise 修饰名词，wisely 修饰动词。 易错：表示“明智地做决定”要用副词 wisely 修饰动词 make，学生常误写成 wise。 例句：You should think twice and make decisions wisely. ／ He is wise enough to see the truth. ④ brave adj. 勇敢的 → bravery n. 勇敢；勇气 → bravely adv. 勇敢地 搭配：show bravery 展现勇气；a brave boy 勇敢的男孩。 易错：名词是 bravery（不是 braveness），副词是 bravely，三个词形最容易混的是名词。 例句：The brave firefighter saved the child. ／ He faced the challenge bravely. ⑤ balance n. 平衡 v. 保持平衡 → balanced adj. 平衡的；均衡的 搭配：keep/lose one’s balance 保持/失去平衡；a balanced diet 均衡的饮食；balance A with B 使 A 与 B 平衡。 考点：balanced 作形容词修饰 diet、life；balancing 是动词的现在分词。 易错：be in balance 与 be balanced 的区别——前者表状态，后者形容词作表语。 例句：Keeping a balanced diet and doing sports regularly are good for our health. ／ Try to balance study with rest. （二）科学探索相关词——给科学人物画像 ⑥ historian n. 历史学家 → history n. 历史 → historical adj. 历史的；与历史有关的 辨析：historical（与历史有关的，historical records 历史记录）与 historic（历史性的、有重大历史意义的，a historic moment 历史性时刻）——这是中考高频辨析点，一个讲“有关”，一个讲“有分量”。 例句：The historian studies the historical records. ／ This is a historic moment. ⑦ physicist n. 物理学家 → physics n. 物理学 → physical adj. 物理的；身体的 辨析：physicist（物理学家，做物理的人，-ist 表人）与 physician（内科医生，-ian 表人）形近易混——靠词缀记：研究 physics 的是 physicist，看病的是 physician。 例句：Madame Curie is a physicist. ／ Physical exercise keeps us healthy. ⑧ chemistry n. 化学 → chemical adj. 化学的；n. 化学品 → chemist n. 化学家 例句：The chemist is studying the chemical. ／ Chemical changes are everywhere in our life. ⑨ discovery n. 发现 → discover v. 发现 → discoverer n. 发现者 搭配：make a discovery 作出发现。 易错：discover 是动词，discovery 是名词，注意名词后缀 -y；作主语宾语用名词，作谓语用动词。 例句：The scientist made a great discovery last month. ／ We should discover the truth. ⑩ exploration n. 探索 → explore v. 探索；探险 → explorer n. 探险家；勘探者 搭配：space exploration 太空探索。 例句：The explorer explored the unknown land bravely. ⑪ collection n. 收藏品；收集 → collect v. 收集；采集 → collector n. 收藏家 搭配：a collection of stamps 一批邮票收藏。 例句：He has a big collection of old coins. ／ He collects stamps as a hobby. （三）国家与身份相关词 ⑫ nation n. 国家；民族 → national adj. 国家的；民族的 → nationality n. 国籍；民族 搭配：the Chinese nation 中华民族；national heroes 民族英雄；What’s your nationality? 你是哪国人？ 考点：修饰名词用 national（national heroes），问国籍用 nationality。 例句：We all respect our national heroes. ⑬ British adj. 英国的；n. 英国人 → Britain n. 英国 考点：British 作形容词“英国的”，作名词“英国人”（复数仍是 British，不加 -s）；Britain 是国名“英国”。 易错：He is British.（他是英国人，不加 a），He comes from Britain.（来自英国）。 例句：He is British. ／ He comes from Britain. （四）其余高频词 ⑭ hunger n. 饥饿 → hungry adj. 饥饿的；渴望的 → hungrily adv. 饥饿地 搭配：hunger for（渴望），这是固定搭配，介词 for 常在语法填空中设空。 辨析：be hungry for 渴望得到。 例句：People hunger for peace all over the world. ／ The little boy felt so hungry that he wanted to eat bread right away. ⑮ necessary adj. 必要的 → necessarily adv. 必要地 → necessity n. 必需品；必要性 搭配：It is necessary (for sb.) to do sth. 有必要做某事；the necessities of life 生活必需品。 易错：necessary 是形容词，necessity 是名词（-ity 名词后缀），necessarily 是副词，三形别混。 例句：It is necessary that we plan our activities carefully. ／ Water is a necessity of life. 【教师点拨·记忆法】 15 个词别一个个死记。真正的记法是抓词根、串词网——把每个词的“动词—名词—形容词—副词”按词性排成一行，一口气念三遍。到考场上你只需要记得“这个词根在哪一组”，词形就能顺着词性推出来。 板块三 词汇实战：成分定词性，一试便知 讲一块练一块。刚才的词根网记住了，现在就检验你会不会“看成分、定词性”。先独立填，再对答案看判断依据。 【作答区·单句语法填空】 1．The little boy felt so ________ (hunger) that he wanted to eat bread right away. 2．The scientist made a great ________ (discover) last month. 3．The ________ (wound) soldiers were taken to the hospital at once. 4．We all respect our ________ (nation) heroes. 5．Keeping a ________ (balance) diet and doing sports regularly are good for our health. 6．The rumor ________ (spread) everywhere and nobody believed it. 7．Her ________ (admire) spirit moves everyone around her. 8．People hunger ________ peace all over the world. 9．Everyone ________ (admire) him for his kindness and persistence. 10．You should think twice and make decisions ________ (wise) instead of acting in a hurry. 【教师点拨·串讲】 第 3、7 题是同一个坑——形容词修饰名词，总有人填成名词或动词。第 6、9 题是“时态人称”坑，动笔前先看主语单复数。第 5 题要填形容词，别当成动词填。这十题对应板块二的四组词，哪一组错得多，就回哪一组重记。 板块四 人物语篇精读与仿写：跟“我的父亲”学画像 词汇不能停在单句，要回到语篇。下面这篇是“给敬佩之人画像”的范文。我们精读它，顺便做听力填词，最后把它最值钱的三个句型“偷”过来用。 【听一听·填词】 听录音，补全短文。听前先快速扫一遍空位、判断词性，填词时注意词形。这篇空位多为动词原形、名词、形容词，听的时候抓句子主干。 When it 1. ________ to the person I 2. ________ most, the first one to come into my mind is my father. He is a 3. ________ and 4. ________ father, who 5. ________ good 6. ________ of our family. He works long hours every day but never 7. ________ about 8. ________ 9. ________. When I 10. ________ in exams and feel 11. ________, he talks to me 12. ________ and encourages me 13. ________, helping me 14. ________ my confidence. As high school students, we sometimes face 15. ________ where we feel 16. ________ and want to give up. Whenever I feel 17. ________, it is always him who stands by my side and guides me forward. He often says, “No 18. ________ 19. ________ forever, as long as you keep trying.” He has 20. ________ deep love from every member of our family. His 21. ________ and 22. ________ have 23. ________ me what it means to be a 24. ________ person. 【教师点拨·听力策略】 第 3、4 空同在一个名词前，都要填形容词；第 21、22 空跟在 His 后面，都是名词。听力填词和语法填空共用同一套“成分→词性”判断——你在板块三练的本事，在这里又用上了。 【句型仿写·三句偷过来】 原句 1 When I fail in exams and feel upset, he talks to me gently and encourages me firmly, helping me rebuild my confidence. 句型骨架：When…，主句＋现在分词作伴随状语——用现在分词把“结果/伴随动作”挂在主句后面。 仿写任务：当我遇到难题感到焦虑时，老师耐心开导我，帮助我冷静思考。 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 原句 2 Whenever I feel helpless, it is always him who stands by my side and guides me forward. 句型骨架：Whenever 引导状语从句＋it is…who…强调句——用强调句把“正是那个人”顶到台前。 仿写任务：每当我想要放弃时，正是朋友鼓励我重拾勇气。 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 原句 3 When it comes to the person I admire most, the first one to come into my mind is my father. 句型骨架：When it comes to…, the first one to come into my mind is…——用这个句型“引话题”，开头就把读者带进情境。 仿写任务：谈及我最喜欢的书籍，第一个浮现在我脑海中的是《西游记》。 ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 【教师点拨·仿写要诀】 仿写不是换几个词就完事。看原句的“骨架”：When it comes to…（引话题）、When…, ＋现在分词（边叙边评）、it is…who…（强调）。写人物时这三根骨架能让你从“平铺直叙”跳到“有层次、有重点”。写你自己的敬佩之人时，把这三个句型按“开头引话题→中间加评述→结尾做强调”串起来，一段话就有了筋骨。 【拓展语篇·为科学人物画像】 “我的父亲”写亲情，这篇写给科学。读居里夫人的故事，完成语法填空——它把板块二、三的能力全揉进一篇里。 Being an extraordinary female genius, Madame Curie managed 1. ________ (discover) two kinds of radioactive elements, which were vital to science. 2. It was widely ________ (acknowledge) that she was born in Poland in 1867. Distinct from other girls, she had a strong passion 3. ________ science and committed her whole life to 4. ________ (science) research. After 5. ________ (graduate) from high school, she took up a position as a tutor. In 1891, she 6. ________ (admit) to Paris University, where she achieved great academic performances and later obtained her doctorate, becoming the 7. ________ (one) woman professor. Under unbearable circumstances, she and her husband spared no effort to conduct numerous experiments, analyzing and evaluating pitchblende with the objective of extracting radioactive elements. Despite numerous failures, never 8. ________ (do) the couple acknowledge defeat. Using flow charts, collecting useful data and summing up 9. ________ they had studied, the couple finally drew a 10. ________ (conclude) that polonium and radium did exist, which played crucial roles in nature. 【教师点拨·串讲】 居里夫人这篇，把这一讲的能力全用上了：词性变形（名词与形容词互换、动词与名词互换）、固定搭配（passion for、manage to、draw a conclusion 等）、以及句法（it was…that 强调、never 句首倒装、what 宾语从句）。同一篇语篇，既是词汇题也是语法题——这就是中考语法填空的真实样貌。你能独立做对多少，就说明这一讲学透了多少。 板块五 分层过关：从仿到用 基础层·词形连珠（检测词根网） 1．inspire → 形容词 ①________；名词 ②________ 2．discover → 名词 ③________ 3．nation → 形容词 ④________；国籍 ⑤________ 4．balance → 形容词 ⑥________ 5．brave → 名词 ⑦________；副词 ⑧________ 中档层·语境填空（检测成分定词性） 1．The ________ (explore) wanted to find the unknown island, so he set out early. 2．My father is a ________ (collect) of old stamps, and his ________ (collect) is very valuable. 3．It is ________ (necessity) for us to keep a good habit of reading every day. 4．She is ________ (wisdom) enough to know that hard work pays off. 5．The little girl asked me ________ (hunger) whether there was any bread. 挑战层·短文语法填空（检测语篇综合） 这篇写的是一位把大半生献给山里孩子的乡村教师。完成语法填空，用上“先判成分、再定词性”的本领。 Mr. Li, a village teacher, has taught in the mountains for over thirty years. His 1. ________ (brave) and patience have moved every student. He 2. ________ (inspiration) his pupils to dream big, though life there is hard. Few people know 3. ________ great his effort has been. To him, teaching is not a job 4. ________ a way of life. He says he will never stop 5. ________ (serve) the children. What he does 6. ________ (real) makes a difference. His 7. ________ (wisdom) words have become the light in the kids’ hearts. No difficulty 8. ________ (be) able to make him give up. He believes 9. ________ every child deserves a chance, and he will do 10. ________ (what) it takes to make that happen. 板块六 带走型收尾 【派生词网速记】 inspire→inspiring→inspiration　　discover→discovery→discoverer　　nation→national→nationality brave→bravery→bravely　　wise→wisdom→wisely　　science→scientific　　conclude→conclusion 【描写人物三句型速记】 ① When it comes to…, the first one to come into my mind is…（引话题） ② When…，主句＋现在分词（边叙边评） ③ it is…who…（强调“正是那个人”） 【本讲自检】 □ 能默写 15 个核心词的派生词形 □ 能看成分定词性，填对语法填空 □ 能仿写 3 个描写人物的句型 □ 能独立完成一段人物语篇的语法填空 课后作业（一套完整巩固） 下面这篇写的是另一位值得敬佩的人——被称为“稻田里的追梦人”的科学家。请独立完成，用本讲“抓词根、定词性、用句型”的方法。 【作答区·语法填空】 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，或填入一个合适的单词。 Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice”, is a scientist everyone admires. He spent his whole life 1. ________ (work) on the rice fields. His 2. ________ (discover) of hybrid rice has fed billions of people. Few people realize 3. ________ difficult it was for him to achieve this. 4. ________ it comes to solving hunger, his name comes first. He once said, “I have a dream—to let the rice grow as tall as a man.” That dream 5. ________ (inspire) him to keep going even in hard times. His 6. ________ (brave) in facing failures taught us a lot. He believed 7. ________ he could make a change, and he did 8. ________ it took to make his dream come true. Today, people all over the world 9. ________ (nation) and 10. ________ (wise) remember him not only for his achievement but also for his kindness. 【仿写题·三选一】 任选一个句型，写一句描写你敬佩之人（父母、老师或朋友）的英文句子： ① When it comes to…, the first one to come into my mind is… ② When…，主句＋现在分词 ③ it is…who… ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Inspiring People 精品讲义2026秋九年级英语-新教材人教版九年级全一册 第3讲 用词为敬佩之人画像 词汇·语篇精读（教师版） 词汇课 ● 单元核心词汇、人物语篇精读与句型仿写 【课时安排】 本讲为 Unit 2 Inspiring People 词汇与语篇课时，建议用时 2 课时——第 1 课时攻克 15 个核心词汇的派生词网与词性判断，第 2 课时精读“我的父亲”语篇并完成句型仿写。 【学习目标】 1. 能说出 Unit 2 核心词汇的派生词形（inspiring—inspire—inspiration 等），独立完成词形变化填空。 2. 能根据句子成分判断词性，在语法填空中正确变形（hunger—hungry、discover—discovery 等）。 3. 能仿写 3 个描写敬佩之人的句型（When it comes to…、When…＋现在分词、it is…who…强调句）。 【本讲导航】 这一讲把“给敬佩之人画像”这件事做扎实。核心动作只有一个——用对词、用活句型。落到考卷上，就是词汇语法填空里的词性变形，和写作里你描写人物时真正拿得出手的句子。重难点有二：①派生词网怎么记——抓住词根，一词生一串；②语法填空怎么定词性——先判成分，再想词形。这一讲的判据只有一条：学完，你能不能给一位敬佩之人写出一段用词准确、句型有层次的话。 板块一 撞墙热身：你能为父亲画像吗 先别翻后面的词汇表。下面是一段描写父亲的短文，空处你凭语感填一个合适的词形。做完再对答案，看自己卡在哪儿。 【作答区】 When it comes to the person I ①________ (admire) most, the first one to come into my mind is my father. He is a ②________ (responsibility) and ③________ (hard-work) father, who takes good care of our family. He works long hours every day but never complains about being tired. When I fail in exams and feel upset, he talks to me gently and encourages me firmly, helping me rebuild my confidence. His ④________ (persist) and ⑤________ (kind) have taught me what it means to be a ⑥________ (rely) person. 【教师点拨·撞墙点】 你是不是在①处犹豫“该填 admire 还是 admirable”？在②③处纠结“该用名词还是形容词”？在④⑤⑥处更是一头雾水，不知道该填哪一个词形？这三个卡壳处，恰恰是本讲要练的核心能力——先看这个词在句子里做什么成分，再定用哪个词性。形容词修饰名词或作表语，名词作主语或宾语，副词修饰动词。这套“成分→词性”的判断，就是词汇语法填空的命门。带着这个命门往下走。（撞墙参考答案：①admire ②responsible ③hard-working ④persistence ⑤kindness ⑥reliable——先看成分：①在定语从句里作谓语用动词原形，②③修饰 father 用形容词，④⑤跟在 His 后面作主语用名词，⑥修饰 person 用形容词。） 板块二 核心词汇精讲：抓词根，一词生一串 这 15 个词都来自 Unit 2，几乎全能用来形容或介绍一位 inspiring person。我们按“品质、科学、身份、其他”四组拆。记法上只认一条铁律——抓词根：看到 inspire 就串出 inspiring、inspiration，看到 discover 就串出 discovery、discoverer。一词生一串，词汇量是网，不是点。 （一）描写人物品质的词——给敬佩之人贴“标签” ① inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的 → inspire v. 鼓舞；激励 → inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人/事 搭配：inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事；an inspiring speech 鼓舞人心的演讲。考点：语法填空常考 inspire 的形容词形式，注意 inspiring 是“令人鼓舞的”（修饰事物/话语），inspired 是“受到鼓舞的”（修饰人，常作 inspired by…）。易错：inspiration 既可作“灵感”（不可数），也可作“鼓舞人心的人/事”（可数），a source of inspiration 灵感来源。 例句：Her story inspired us to keep going. ／ The movie is truly inspiring. ／ She is an inspiration to all of us. ② admire v. 钦佩；赞赏 → admirable adj. 令人钦佩的 → admiration n. 钦佩；赞赏 搭配：admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人；admire sb.’s courage 钦佩某人的勇气。辨析：admire（打心底佩服，因才能或品质）、appreciate（欣赏，因价值或美感）、respect（尊敬，因身份或原则）——三者不是一回事。易错：admirable 是“令人钦佩的”（修饰人/品质），别误当成动词用。 例句：I admire him for his persistence. ／ Her admirable spirit moves everyone around her. ③ wisdom n. 智慧 → wise adj. 明智的 → wisely adv. 明智地 搭配：a man of wisdom 有智慧的人；a wise decision 明智的决定。考点：wisdom 常作名词作主语或宾语；wise 修饰名词，wisely 修饰动词。易错：表示“明智地做决定”要用副词 wisely 修饰动词 make，学生常误写成 wise。 例句：You should think twice and make decisions wisely. ／ He is wise enough to see the truth. ④ brave adj. 勇敢的 → bravery n. 勇敢；勇气 → bravely adv. 勇敢地 搭配：show bravery 展现勇气；a brave boy 勇敢的男孩。易错：名词是 bravery（不是 braveness），副词是 bravely，三个词形最容易混的是名词。 例句：The brave firefighter saved the child. ／ He faced the challenge bravely. ⑤ balance n. 平衡 v. 保持平衡 → balanced adj. 平衡的；均衡的 搭配：keep/lose one’s balance 保持/失去平衡；a balanced diet 均衡的饮食；balance A with B 使 A 与 B 平衡。考点：balanced 作形容词修饰 diet、life；balancing 是动词的现在分词。易错：be in balance 与 be balanced 的区别——前者表状态，后者形容词作表语。 例句：Keeping a balanced diet and doing sports regularly are good for our health. ／ Try to balance study with rest. （二）科学探索相关词——给科学人物画像 ⑥ historian n. 历史学家 → history n. 历史 → historical adj. 历史的；与历史有关的 辨析：historical（与历史有关的，historical records 历史记录）与 historic（历史性的、有重大历史意义的，a historic moment 历史性时刻）——这是中考高频辨析点，一个讲“有关”，一个讲“有分量”。 例句：The historian studies the historical records. ／ This is a historic moment. ⑦ physicist n. 物理学家 → physics n. 物理学 → physical adj. 物理的；身体的 辨析：physicist（物理学家，做物理的人，-ist 表人）与 physician（内科医生，-ian 表人）形近易混——靠词缀记：研究 physics 的是 physicist，看病的是 physician。 例句：Madame Curie is a physicist. ／ Physical exercise keeps us healthy. ⑧ chemistry n. 化学 → chemical adj. 化学的；n. 化学品 → chemist n. 化学家 例句：The chemist is studying the chemical. ／ Chemical changes are everywhere in our life. ⑨ discovery n. 发现 → discover v. 发现 → discoverer n. 发现者 搭配：make a discovery 作出发现。易错：discover 是动词，discovery 是名词，注意名词后缀 -y；作主语宾语用名词，作谓语用动词。 例句：The scientist made a great discovery last month. ／ We should discover the truth. ⑩ exploration n. 探索 → explore v. 探索；探险 → explorer n. 探险家；勘探者 搭配：space exploration 太空探索。例句：The explorer explored the unknown land bravely. ⑪ collection n. 收藏品；收集 → collect v. 收集；采集 → collector n. 收藏家 搭配：a collection of stamps 一批邮票收藏。例句：He has a big collection of old coins. ／ He collects stamps as a hobby. （三）国家与身份相关词 ⑫ nation n. 国家；民族 → national adj. 国家的；民族的 → nationality n. 国籍；民族 搭配：the Chinese nation 中华民族；national heroes 民族英雄；What’s your nationality? 你是哪国人？考点：修饰名词用 national（national heroes），问国籍用 nationality。 例句：We all respect our national heroes. ⑬ British adj. 英国的；n. 英国人 → Britain n. 英国 考点：British 作形容词“英国的”，作名词“英国人”（复数仍是 British，不加 -s）；Britain 是国名“英国”。易错：He is British.（他是英国人，不加 a），He comes from Britain.（来自英国）。 例句：He is British. ／ He comes from Britain. （四）其余高频词 ⑭ hunger n. 饥饿 → hungry adj. 饥饿的；渴望的 → hungrily adv. 饥饿地 搭配：hunger for（渴望），这是固定搭配，介词 for 常在语法填空中设空。辨析：be hungry for 渴望得到。例句：People hunger for peace all over the world. ／ The little boy felt so hungry that he wanted to eat bread right away. ⑮ necessary adj. 必要的 → necessarily adv. 必要地 → necessity n. 必需品；必要性 搭配：It is necessary (for sb.) to do sth. 有必要做某事；the necessities of life 生活必需品。易错：necessary 是形容词，necessity 是名词（-ity 名词后缀），necessarily 是副词，三形别混。 例句：It is necessary that we plan our activities carefully. ／ Water is a necessity of life. 【教师点拨·记忆法】 15 个词别一个个死记。真正的记法是抓词根、串词网——把每个词的“动词—名词—形容词—副词”按词性排成一行，一口气念三遍。到考场上你只需要记得“这个词根在哪一组”，词形就能顺着词性推出来。 板块三 词汇实战：成分定词性，一试便知 讲一块练一块。刚才的词根网记住了，现在就检验你会不会“看成分、定词性”。先独立填，再对答案看判断依据。 【作答区·单句语法填空】 1．The little boy felt so ________ (hunger) that he wanted to eat bread right away. 2．The scientist made a great ________ (discover) last month. 3．The ________ (wound) soldiers were taken to the hospital at once. 4．We all respect our ________ (nation) heroes. 5．Keeping a ________ (balance) diet and doing sports regularly are good for our health. 6．The rumor ________ (spread) everywhere and nobody believed it. 7．Her ________ (admire) spirit moves everyone around her. 8．People hunger ________ peace all over the world. 9．Everyone ________ (admire) him for his kindness and persistence. 10．You should think twice and make decisions ________ (wise) instead of acting in a hurry. 【参考答案＋解析】 1．hungry。系动词 felt 后作表语用形容词，hunger→hungry。 2．discovery。a great 后接名词，discover→discovery。 3．wounded。修饰名词 soldiers 用形容词，wound→wounded（受伤的）。 4．national。修饰 heroes 用形容词，nation→national。 5．balanced。形容词修饰名词 diet，均衡的饮食。 6．答案：spread 解析： 句中 and 连接两个并列谓语，后半句 nobody believed it 用的是过去式 believed，说明整句描述的是过去发生的事情，因此前半句也应使用一般过去时。 动词 spread 的过去式和过去分词都是 spread，不需要加 -ed。这里表示“谣言传播开来”，用主动语态即可。 所以： The rumor spread everywhere and nobody believed it. 谣言到处传播，没有人相信它。 7．admirable。修饰 spirit 用形容词，admire→admirable。 8．for。固定搭配 hunger for（渴望）。 9．admires。主语 everyone 是单数、一般现在时，admire 变三单 admires。 10．wisely。副词修饰动词 make，wise→wisely。 【教师点拨·串讲】 第 3、7 题是同一个坑——形容词修饰名词（wounded soldiers、admirable spirit），总有人填成名词或动词。第 6、9 题是“时态人称”坑，动笔前先看主语单复数。第 5 题 balanced 是形容词，别当成动词填。这十题对应板块二的四组词，哪一组错得多，就回哪一组重记。 板块四 人物语篇精读与仿写：跟“我的父亲”学画像 词汇不能停在单句，要回到语篇。下面这篇是“给敬佩之人画像”的范文。我们精读它，顺便做听力填词，最后把它最值钱的三个句型“偷”过来用。 【听一听·填词】 听录音，补全短文。听前先快速扫一遍空位、判断词性，填词时注意词形。这篇空位多为动词原形、名词、形容词，听的时候抓句子主干。 When it 1. ________ to the person I 2. ________ most, the first one to come into my mind is my father. He is a 3. ________ and 4. ________ father, who 5. ________ good 6. ________ of our family. He works long hours every day but never 7. ________ about 8. ________ 9. ________. When I 10. ________ in exams and feel 11. ________, he talks to me 12. ________ and encourages me 13. ________, helping me 14. ________ my confidence. As high school students, we sometimes face 15. ________ where we feel 16. ________ and want to give up. Whenever I feel 17. ________, it is always him who stands by my side and guides me forward. He often says, “No 18. ________ 19. ________ forever, as long as you keep trying.” He has 20. ________ deep love from every member of our family. His 21. ________ and 22. ________ have 23. ________ me what it means to be a 24. ________ person. 【教师点拨·听力策略】 第 3、4 空同在一个名词前，都要填形容词（responsible、hard-working）；第 21、22 空跟在 His 后面，都是名词（persistence、kindness）。听力填词和语法填空共用同一套“成分→词性”判断——你在板块三练的本事，在这里又用上了。 【语篇完整版·朗读】 When it comes to the person I admire most, the first one to come into my mind is my father. He is a responsible and hard-working father, who takes good care of our family. He works long hours every day but never complains about being tired. When I fail in exams and feel upset, he talks to me gently and encourages me firmly, helping me rebuild my confidence. As high school students, we sometimes face situations where we feel confused and want to give up. Whenever I feel helpless, it is always him who stands by my side and guides me forward. He often says, “No difficulty lasts forever, as long as you keep trying.” He has earned deep love from every member of our family. His persistence and kindness have taught me what it means to be a reliable person. 【句型仿写·三句偷过来】 原句 1 When I fail in exams and feel upset, he talks to me gently and encourages me firmly, helping me rebuild my confidence. 句型骨架：When…，主句＋现在分词作伴随状语——用现在分词把“结果/伴随动作”挂在主句后面。 仿写：当我遇到难题感到焦虑时，老师耐心开导我，帮助我冷静思考。 When I meet difficult problems and feel anxious, my teacher talks to me patiently, helping me think calmly. 原句 2 Whenever I feel helpless, it is always him who stands by my side and guides me forward. 句型骨架：Whenever 引导状语从句＋it is…who…强调句——用强调句把“正是那个人”顶到台前。 仿写：每当我想要放弃时，正是朋友鼓励我重拾勇气。 Whenever I want to give up, it is my friends who encourage me to get courage again. 原句 3 When it comes to the person I admire most, the first one to come into my mind is my father. 句型骨架：When it comes to…, the first one to come into my mind is…——用这个句型“引话题”，开头就把读者带进情境。 仿写：谈及我最喜欢的书籍，第一个浮现在我脑海中的是《西游记》。 When it comes to my favourite book, the first one to come into my mind is Journey to the West. 【教师点拨·仿写要诀】 仿写不是换几个词就完事。看原句的“骨架”：When it comes to…（引话题）、When…, ＋现在分词（边叙边评）、it is…who…（强调）。写人物时这三根骨架能让你从“平铺直叙”跳到“有层次、有重点”。写你自己的敬佩之人时，把这三个句型按“开头引话题→中间加评述→结尾做强调”串起来，一段话就有了筋骨。 【拓展语篇·为科学人物画像】 “我的父亲”写亲情，这篇写给科学。读居里夫人的故事，完成语法填空——它把板块二、三的能力全揉进一篇里。 Being an extraordinary female genius, Madame Curie managed 1. ________ (discover) two kinds of radioactive elements, which were vital to science. 2. It was widely ________ (acknowledge) that she was born in Poland in 1867. Distinct from other girls, she had a strong passion 3. ________ science and committed her whole life to 4. ________ (science) research. After 5. ________ (graduate) from high school, she took up a position as a tutor. In 1891, she 6. ________ (admit) to Paris University, where she achieved great academic performances and later obtained her doctorate, becoming the 7. ________ (one) woman professor. Under unbearable circumstances, she and her husband spared no effort to conduct numerous experiments, analyzing and evaluating pitchblende with the objective of extracting radioactive elements. Despite numerous failures, never 8. ________ (do) the couple acknowledge defeat. Using flow charts, collecting useful data and summing up 9. ________ they had studied, the couple finally drew a 10. ________ (conclude) that polonium and radium did exist, which played crucial roles in nature. 【参考答案＋解析】 1．to discover。manage to do sth. 设法做成某事。 2．acknowledged。It was widely acknowledged that… 人们普遍认为…（it 作形式主语）。 3．for。a strong passion for… 对…的热爱（固定搭配，介词 for）。 4．scientific。修饰名词 research 用形容词，science→scientific。 5．graduating/graduation。After 后接动名词或名词。 6．was admitted。be admitted to 被录取到（被动语态）。 7．first。the first woman professor 第一位女性教授（one→first 序数词）。 8．did。never 置于句首时句子部分倒装，do→did。 9．what。summing up what they had studied，what 引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语。 10．conclusion。draw a conclusion 得出结论，conclude→conclusion。 【教师点拨·串讲】 居里夫人这篇，把这一讲的能力全用上了：词性变形（science→scientific、conclude→conclusion）、固定搭配（passion for、manage to、be admitted to、draw a conclusion）、以及句法（it was…that 强调、never 句首倒装、what 宾语从句）。同一篇语篇，既是词汇题也是语法题——这就是中考语法填空的真实样貌。你能独立做对多少，就说明这一讲学透了多少。 板块五 分层过关：从仿到用 基础层·词形连珠（检测词根网） 1．inspire → 形容词 ①________；名词 ②________ 2．discover → 名词 ③________ 3．nation → 形容词 ④________；国籍 ⑤________ 4．balance → 形容词 ⑥________ 5．brave → 名词 ⑦________；副词 ⑧________ 【参考答案】 ① inspiring　② inspiration　③ discovery　④ national　⑤ nationality　⑥ balanced　⑦ bravery　⑧ bravely 中档层·语境填空（检测成分定词性） 1．The ________ (explore) wanted to find the unknown island, so he set out early. 2．My father is a ________ (collect) of old stamps, and his ________ (collect) is very valuable. 3．It is ________ (necessity) for us to keep a good habit of reading every day. 4．She is ________ (wisdom) enough to know that hard work pays off. 5．The little girl asked me ________ (hunger) whether there was any bread. 【参考答案＋解析】 1．explorer。主语需要名词指人，explore→explorer。 2．collector; collection。前者作主语表人（收藏家），后者作主语表物（收藏品）。 3．necessary。It is necessary for sb. to do sth.，系表结构用形容词。 4．wise。enough 前需形容词作表语，wise enough to do sth. 足够明智去做某事。 5．hungrily。副词修饰动词 asked，hungry→hungrily。 挑战层·短文语法填空（检测语篇综合） 这篇写的是一位把大半生献给山里孩子的乡村教师。完成语法填空，用上“先判成分、再定词性”的本领。 Mr. Li, a village teacher, has taught in the mountains for over thirty years. His 1. ________ (brave) and patience have moved every student. He 2. ________ (inspiration) his pupils to dream big, though life there is hard. Few people know 3. ________ great his effort has been. To him, teaching is not a job 4. ________ a way of life. He says he will never stop 5. ________ (serve) the children. What he does 6. ________ (real) makes a difference. His 7. ________ (wisdom) words have become the light in the kids’ hearts. No difficulty 8. ________ (be) able to make him give up. He believes 9. ________ every child deserves a chance, and he will do 10. ________ (what) it takes to make that happen. 【参考答案＋解析】 1．bravery。His 后接名词，brave→bravery。 2．inspires。主语 He 单数、一般现在时，inspire 变三单 inspires。 3．how。how great his effort has been，缺程度状语 how，构成感叹式宾语从句。 4．but。not…but… 不是…而是…（并列关系）。 5．serving。stop doing sth. 停止做某事。 6．really。副词修饰动词 makes，real→really。 7．wise。修饰名词 words 用形容词，wisdom→wise。 8．is。主语 No difficulty 单数、一般现在时，be→is。 9．that。believe 后宾语从句，从句完整，用 that。 10．whatever。do whatever it takes 做任何需要做的事，whatever 引导宾语从句。 板块六 带走型收尾 【派生词网速记】 inspire→inspiring→inspiration　　discover→discovery→discoverer　　nation→national→nationality brave→bravery→bravely　　wise→wisdom→wisely　　science→scientific　　conclude→conclusion 【描写人物三句型速记】 ① When it comes to…, the first one to come into my mind is…（引话题） ② When…，主句＋现在分词（边叙边评） ③ it is…who…（强调“正是那个人”） 【本讲自检】 □ 能默写 15 个核心词的派生词形 □ 能看成分定词性，填对语法填空 □ 能仿写 3 个描写人物的句型 □ 能独立完成一段人物语篇的语法填空 课后作业（一套完整巩固） 下面这篇写的是另一位值得敬佩的人——被称为“稻田里的追梦人”的科学家。请独立完成，用本讲“抓词根、定词性、用句型”的方法。 【作答区·语法填空】 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，或填入一个合适的单词。 Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice”, is a scientist everyone admires. He spent his whole life 1. ________ (work) on the rice fields. His 2. ________ (discover) of hybrid rice has fed billions of people. Few people realize 3. ________ difficult it was for him to achieve this. 4. ________ it comes to solving hunger, his name comes first. He once said, “I have a dream—to let the rice grow as tall as a man.” That dream 5. ________ (inspire) him to keep going even in hard times. His 6. ________ (brave) in facing failures taught us a lot. He believed 7. ________ he could make a change, and he did 8. ________ it took to make his dream come true. Today, people all over the world 9. ________ (nation) and 10. ________ (wise) remember him not only for his achievement but also for his kindness. 【参考答案＋解析】 1．working。spend time (in) doing sth. 花时间做某事。 2．discovery。His 后接名词，discover→discovery。 3．how。how difficult… 缺程度状语，构成宾语从句。 4．When。When it comes to… 谈到…（固定句型）。 5．inspired。主语 That dream 单数、一般过去时，inspire→inspired。 6．bravery。His 后接名词，brave→bravery。 7．that。believe 后宾语从句，从句完整，用 that。 8．whatever。did whatever it took，whatever 引导宾语从句，作 did 的宾语。 9．nationwide。修饰动词 remember 需副词，nation→nationwide（全国地）。 10．wisely。副词修饰动词 remember，wise→wisely。 【仿写题·三选一】 任选一个句型，写一句描写你敬佩之人（父母、老师或朋友）的英文句子： ① When it comes to…, the first one to come into my mind is… ② When…，主句＋现在分词 ③ it is…who… 【参考答案·仿写示例】 When it comes to the person who encourages me most, the first one to come into my mind is my mother. ／ When I feel tired and lost, my teacher always encourages me patiently, helping me find my way back. ／ It is my best friend who always stands by my side and gives me courage. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $