内容正文:
Unit 3 Smart Learning 精品讲义2026秋九(上)英语
第7讲 词汇运用与词形变化
词汇讲练(教师版)
词汇课 ● 核心词汇精讲与词形变化专练
—————————————————
【课时安排】
本讲聚焦 Unit 3 核心词汇的词性转换与语境运用,建议用时 1 课时(45 分钟)。前半段精讲 15 个核心词的词族与搭配,后半段用单句、短文两级实战把"成分定词性"用到滚瓜烂熟。
【学习目标】
学完本讲,你要能做到三件事:
① 看到句中一个变形空,先判断它充当的成分,再定要用的词性,不再凭语感乱猜;
② 背下本单元 15 个核心词的词性转换链,脱口说出 each 的高频搭配与易错点;
③ 在语境填词中,依据"位置信号"独立完成词形变化填空,并说出判断理由。
一、撞墙导入·变形空里你踩过几个坑
【热身测试】
先别翻书,凭直觉填下面三个空,时间 2 分钟:
1. Watching English films is an ____________ (enjoy) way to improve your listening.
2. She speaks English very ____________ (fluent), which surprises her classmates.
3. The ____________ (grow) of the city brings both chances and problems.
【教师点拨】
三个空填不出来或拿不准,太正常了——因为它们考的都不是“这个词我认不认识”,而是“这个词放在这个位置上,该穿哪件词性外套”。第 1 空,enjoy 后面是冠词 an 和名词 way,中间缺的是修饰名词的形容词,所以填 enjoyable;第 2 空修饰动词 speaks,要副词,所以填 fluently;第 3 空 the 后面缺名词,得把 grow 换成名词 growth。
一句话点破本讲主线:变形空里,词性由位置决定,不由记忆决定。顺着"位置→成分→词性"这条链走,词形变化就从死记硬背变成可推演的规则。
二、核心词汇精讲·本单元 15 词词族梳理
本单元的词汇都围绕"学习与成长"展开。下面按四个主题块过一遍,每块讲完立刻配两句即时填空,学一个用一个。
板块一 · 实验与工具
① experiment n. 实验;试验 v. 做实验 → experimental adj. 实验的。搭配:do / conduct an experiment 做实验;experiment with... 用……做实验。易错点:动词义"做实验"和名词义要分清,experiment 既作名词又作动词。
② dictionary n. 词典;字典 → dictionaries(复数)。搭配:look up a word in a dictionary 在词典里查词。易错点:复数 y 变 ies,别直接加 s。
③ pronunciation n. 发音;读音 → pronounce v. 发音。搭配:improve your pronunciation 改进发音。易错点:名词以 -ation 结尾,动词是 pronounce(注意 ou 拼写),名词和动词别混。
【即时填空 · 板块一】
a. The students did an ____________ (experiment) on how plants grow. (形容词)
b. If you don't know a word, you can ____________ (pronunciation) it in a dictionary. (动词)
【答案】a. experimental b. pronounce
a. 空格在冠词 an 和介词 on 之间,修饰 experiment,要形容词 experimental。b. 空格前有 can,后接动词原形,把名词 pronunciation 变回动词 pronounce。
板块二 · 读音与表达
④ aloud adv. 出声地;大声地。辨析是重点:aloud 强调"发出声音",常和 read / think 连用(read aloud 出声读);loud adj. 大声的,指声音响亮,也可作副词(speak loud);loudly adv. 大声地,带"喧闹、刺耳"的意味。
⑤ general adj. 总的;大体的 → generally adv. 普遍地;大体上。固定表达:generally speaking 一般来说(作句首状语);in general 总的来说。
【即时填空 · 板块二】
a. Please read the text ____________ (aloud) so that everyone can hear you.
b. ____________ (general) speaking, practice makes perfect in language learning.
【答案】a. aloud b. Generally
a. 修饰 read,强调"读出声音",用 aloud。b. 固定表达 generally speaking 作句首状语,注意大写首字母。
板块三 · 效率与品质
⑥ efficient adj. 高效的 → efficiently adv. 高效地 → efficiency n. 效率 → inefficient adj. 低效的(反义)。搭配:improve efficiency 提高效率。考点:副词 efficiently 修饰动词,考场上常让你在 efficient / efficiency / efficiently 里挑。
⑦ active adj. 积极的 → actively adv. 积极地 → activity n. 活动 → inactive adj. 不活跃的(反义)。搭配:take an active part in 积极参加;be active in doing sth. 积极做某事。
⑧ suit v. 适合;有利于 n. 套装 → suitable adj. 合适的 → suitably adv. 适当地。搭配:be suitable for sb. 适合某人。易错点:suit 作动词是及物动词,直接跟宾语;要表达"合适"用 be suitable for。
⑨ correct adj. 正确的 v. 改正 → correction n. 改正;订正 → incorrect adj. 不正确的(反义)。一词两性:既可作形容词(a correct answer),又可作动词(correct the mistakes)。搭配:make corrections 订正。
⑩ enjoyable adj. 有乐趣的;令人愉快的 → enjoy v. 享受 → enjoyment n. 乐趣。搭配:enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事;take enjoyment in... 从……中获得乐趣。易错点:enjoy 后接动名词,不接不定式。
【即时填空 · 板块三】
a. We should organize our study time ____________ (efficiency) to save energy.
b. It is a great ____________ (enjoy) to read English stories before bed.
c. The teacher asked us to make ____________ (correct) on our exercise books.
【答案】a. efficiently b. enjoyment c. corrections
a. 修饰动词 organize,用副词 efficiently。b. 形容词 great 后接名词,enjoy 变 enjoyment。c. make corrections 是固定搭配,表示"订正",这里用复数表多处修改。
板块四 · 建议与成长
⑪ suggest v. 建议;提议 → suggestion n. 建议。用法是高频考点:suggest doing sth. 建议做某事;suggest that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人做某事(从句用虚拟语气,should 可省略)。易错点:suggestion 是可数名词,make a suggestion 提建议。
⑫ grow v. 生长;成长 → growth n. 成长;增加。搭配:grow up 长大;economic growth 经济增长。易错点:名词 growth 常作主语或宾语,别写成动名词 growing 顶替。
⑬ addition n. 添加;加法 → add v. 添加 → additional adj. 额外的。固定表达是重头戏:in addition 此外;in addition to... 除……之外(后接名词/动名词)。
⑭ advantage n. 优势;优点 → advantageous adj. 有利的 → disadvantage n. 缺点(反义)。搭配:take advantage of... 利用;have an advantage over... 比……有优势。
⑮ speed n. 速度 v. 加速 → speedy adj. 迅速的 → speedily adv. 迅速地。搭配:at high / full speed 高速;speed up 加速。
【即时填空 · 板块四】
a. My teacher suggested ____________ (take) notes while reading.
b. ____________ (addition) to English, I am also learning French.
c. We should take full ____________ (advantage) of the library in our school.
【答案】a. taking b. In addition c. advantage
a. suggest doing sth.,后接动名词,填 taking。b. 固定短语 in addition to 后接名词 English,句首首字母大写。c. take full advantage of 是固定搭配,advantage 用原形。
三、词形变化·成分定词性
15 个词过完,把方法再往深里钉一层。词形变化不是背 15 个词的孤例,而是掌握一套"看位置、定成分、选词性"的通用流程。
第 1 步 看位置定成分
先看空格在句子里占哪个"坑",坑位决定词性:
① 冠词(a/an/the)、形容词、物主代词、名词所有格之后 → 名词:the ____________ of the city → 填名词 growth。
② 介词之后 → 名词或动名词:take advantage of ____________ → 填名词或 doing。
③ 系动词(be / feel / seem / become)之后,或修饰名词之前 → 形容词:make the lesson ____________ → 填 enjoyable。
④ 修饰动词、形容词或整个句子 → 副词:read ____________ in the morning → 填 loudly / aloud。
⑤ 空格是动词位置 → 先定时态语态,再定形式:so I ____________ (turn) to books → 时态决定了 turned。
第 2 步 回词族找对应词性
定好要哪种词性后,回到这个词的"词族"里取对应成员。词族靠后缀认:
名词后缀:-tion(pronunciation)、-ment(enjoyment)、-ness、-er/-or(learner)、-ity、-ence。
形容词后缀:-ful(enjoyable)、-ous、-able(suitable)、-al(experimental)、-ive、-y。
副词后缀:-ly(efficiently、generally)。
动词后缀:-en、-ize(memory → memorize)。
第 3 步 盯紧拼写变化
变形往往伴随拼写变化,这是最阴的坑:
① 辅音字母 + y 结尾:happy → happiness,easy → easily(y 变 i)。
② 以 -e 结尾:pronounce → pronunciation(去 e 加 -ation)。
③ 重读闭音节双写:begin → beginning,forget → forgetting。
④ 反义前缀:active → inactive,efficient → inefficient,advantage → disadvantage。
【即时练习 · 三步走】
把下面每空按"位置→成分→词性"走一遍,说出理由再填:
1. Everyone should take notes ____________ (care) in English class.
2. The ____________ (learn) old man still reads English every morning.
3. Watching movies brings me great ____________ (please).
【答案】1. carefully 2. learned 3. pleasure
1. 修饰动词 take notes,要副词,care → carefully。2. 修饰名词 man,要形容词,learn 的形容词是 learned(有学问的)。3. 形容词 great 后接名词,please 的名词是 pleasure。
四、实战·单句语法填空(词形专练)
用上"成分定词性"的三步走,独立完成下面 10 句。做完立即对答案,重点不是对错,而是每空能不能说出判断理由。
1. Every ____________ (learn) should take notes carefully in English class.
2. The school ____________ (project) to set up an English corner next term.
3. Tom takes part in all kinds of class activities ____________ (active).
4. Watching English movies brings me great ____________ (enjoy).
5. You should check your answers and write them ____________ (correct).
6. It is ____________ (advantage) to practice oral English every day.
7. I haven't practiced my writing ____________ (recent).
8. We should ____________ full advantage of after-school activities.
9. The new words are an ____________ (add) to the list, not replacements.
10. She reads the passage ____________ (speed) to finish the test on time.
【答案与解析】
1. learner 解析:every 后接可数名词单数,learn → learner(学习者),这里作主语,表示"每个学习者"。
2. projects 解析:主语 the school 是单数,一般现在时,project 作动词"计划",三单变 projects。注意这里 project 不是名词"项目",是动词"计划"。
3. actively 解析:修饰动词短语 takes part in,用副词,active → actively(积极地)。
4. enjoyment 解析:形容词 great 后接名词,enjoy → enjoyment(乐趣),作 brings 的宾语。
5. correctly 解析:修饰动词 write,用副词,correct → correctly(正确地)。
6. advantageous 解析:固定句型 It is + 形容词 + to do sth.,advantage → advantageous(有利的)。
7. recently 解析:修饰整个句子作时间状语,用副词,recent → recently(最近)。
8. take 解析:固定搭配 take full advantage of(充分利用),advantage 前已有 full,空格填动词原形 take。
9. addition 解析:are 后接名词作表语,an addition to the list(清单的补充),与后文“not replacements”构成对比,add → addition。
10. speedily 解析:修饰动词 reads,用副词,speed → speedily(迅速地)。
五、实战·语境填词(My Reading Habit)
单句是热身,短文才是考场。下面这篇短文谈"我的阅读习惯",主题与本单元学习话题严丝合缝。先把中文版读一遍抓大意,再完成英文版的 15 个空,每一空都用三步走。
【短文大意】
我的阅读习惯源于母亲,她视书为挚友,酷爱阅读,家里堆满各式读物。小时候她常给我讲故事、教我识字,不久后浅显童书满足不了我,我便转向科普书和人物传记。晚饭后我常在房间安静品读,阅读为我推开通往未知世界的大门。如今长大,我一有空就去学校图书馆阅读,阅读大大提升了我的学业,也让我对未来更加自信。
【正文 · 填词版】
My reading habit started with my mother, who __1__ (treat) books as her closest friends that make her __2__ (wise). Because she is crazy __3__ reading, our house is __4__ (fill) with all kinds of books.
When I was little, she often read stories to me and __5__ (teach) me how to read. Soon I found that __6__ (simply) kids' books could no longer __7__ (satisfy) me, so I turned __8__ science books and biographies. After dinner, I would pick one book from the shelf and read __9__ (quiet) in my room. Reading opens a door that __10__ (lead) me to unknown worlds, where I can __11__ (explore) fresh __12__ (think) by myself.
Now that I'm older, I still __13__ (spare) time to read in the school library whenever I am free. Reading has __14__ (great) improved my studies and made me much more __15__ (confident) about what the future will bring.
【答案与解析】
1. treats 解析:who 引导定语从句,先行词 mother 是单数,一般现在时三单,treat → treats。
2. wise 解析:make + 宾语 + 形容词作宾补,make her wise(使她聪慧),wisdom 的名词义不适用,这里是"变得怎样",要形容词。
3. about 解析:固定搭配 be crazy about(对……痴迷),空格填介词。
4. filled 解析:固定搭配 be filled with(充满),被动结构,fill → 过去分词 filled。
5. taught 解析:and 连接 read stories 和 teach,前后时态一致,前面是过去式 read,teach → taught。
6. simple 解析:修饰名词 kids' books,要形容词,simply(副词)→ simple(形容词)。
7. satisfy 解析:could no longer 后接动词原形,satisfy(满足),这里作谓语动词。
8. to 解析:固定搭配 turn to(转向,求助于),填介词 to。
9. quietly 解析:修饰动词 read,要副词,quiet → quietly(安静地)。
10. leads 解析:that 引导定语从句修饰 door,先行词单数,一般现在时三单,lead → leads。
11. explore 解析:情态动词 can 后接动词原形,explore(探索)。
12. thoughts 解析:fresh 后接名词,think 的名词是 thought(想法),且与 fresh(多种想法)对应,用复数 thoughts。
13. spare 解析:spare time 是"抽出时间",主语 I 后用动词原形,spare。
14. greatly 解析:修饰动词 improved,要副词,great → greatly(大大地)。
15. confident 解析:固定搭配 be confident about(对……有信心),make me more confident 中 more 后接形容词原级 confident。
六、分层练习
三组题难度递进,先做基础层找手感,再做中档层,最后用挑战层检验自己是否真把方法用熟了。
基础层 · 词性转换直写
把括号里的词改成正确的词性填入横线:
1. learn → ____________ (n. 学习者) 2. enjoy → ____________ (n. 乐趣) 3. active → ____________ (adv. 积极地)
4. correct → ____________ (n. 订正) 5. advantage → ____________ (adj. 有利的) 6. general → ____________ (adv. 普遍地)
7. speed → ____________ (adj. 迅速的) 8. pronounce → ____________ (n. 发音)
【答案】1. learner 2. enjoyment 3. actively 4. correction 5. advantageous 6. generally 7. speedy 8. pronunciation
中档层 · 单句语境变形
依据位置信号填出正确形式:
1. It is ____________ (suit) for us to study English in the morning.
2. The ____________ (grow) of young learners needs patience and care.
3. He finished the reading task ____________ (efficiency) within ten minutes.
4. My mother enjoys ____________ (listen) to English songs after work.
5. Nobody likes to be ____________ (active) in class, so please speak up.
【答案】1. suitable 2. growth 3. efficiently 4. listening 5. inactive
1. It is + adj. + for sb. to do,用 suitable。2. the 后接名词,growth。3. 修饰动词 finished,用 efficiently。4. enjoy doing,用 listening。5. be 后接形容词表语,且表"不活跃"用反义 inactive。
挑战层 · 语篇变形
读下面的小语篇,用括号内单词的正确形式填空。注意这一层不只考词性,还混进了时态和固定搭配:
I began to learn English in primary school. At first, I was too shy to speak __1__ (loud), so my __2__ (pronounce) was weak. My teacher often told me, "The best way to learn is to make mistakes __3__ (active)." Encouraged by her words, I started to read English stories __4__ (regular) and took part in class activities __5__ (enjoy) myself. Little by little, my English made great __6__ (grow), and I became much more __7__ (confident). Now I truly understand the __8__ (advantage) of keeping practicing: it opens a door to a wider world.
【答案】1. loudly 2. pronunciation 3. actively 4. regularly 5. enjoying 6. growth 7. confident 8. advantage
1. 修饰 speak,用副词 loudly。2. 形容词性物主代词 my 后接名词,pronunciation。3. 修饰 make mistakes,用副词 actively。4. 修饰动词 started to read,用副词 regularly。5. 现在分词作伴随状语,enjoying。6. 形容词 great 后接名词,growth。7. more 后接形容词原级,confident。8. the 后接名词,advantage,构成"保持练习的优势"。
七、带走型收尾
【词形变化速记口诀】
坑位定词性,词族选成员;冠形物代后跟名词,介词后头名或动;系动形、修饰副;拼写变化盯三处——y 变 i、去 e 加 tion、重读双写加后缀。
【本讲自检清单】
学完这一讲,逐条打钩:
□ 我能说出 15 个核心词的词性转换链,不再混淆 active / activity / actively。
□ 看到变形空,我会先判断它在句中的成分,再决定用哪种词性。
□ 我能默写 5 个高频搭配:be crazy about、be filled with、turn to、take advantage of、be suitable for。
□ 我知道 suggestion 的可数性、suggest doing、suggest that sb. (should) do 三种用法。
课后作业·语法填空巩固
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(独立完成,课上对答案讲评)
【短文大意】每个人学外语都有自己的节奏。有人喜欢开口朗读,有人习惯先扩大词汇量。别怕开口,错误本身就是学习的一部分。把单词放进真实情境里记忆,比死记硬背更持久。语言学习是慢功夫,坚持到底的人终会看见进步。
【正文 · 填词版】
Everyone learns a foreign language at their own pace. Some people like to read __1__ (aloud) in the morning, while others prefer to enlarge their __2__ (know) first. Don't be afraid to open your mouth; making __3__ (error) is a natural part of learning. Instead of memorizing word lists __4__ (blind), try to remember new words by putting them into real situations. In this way, what you learn will stay in your mind for a much __5__ (long) time. Language learning is a slow process that calls for patience and __6__ (persevere). It may feel __7__ (challenge) at the beginning, but every small step counts. As long as you keep __8__ (practice) and stay __9__ (confidence), you are sure to see great __10__ (improve) in the end.
【答案与解析】
1. aloud 解析:read aloud(出声朗读)是固定搭配,强调发出声音。
2. knowledge 解析:enlarge their ____________ 中 their 后接名词,know → knowledge(知识)。
3. errors 解析:making ____________ 作宾语,error 是可数名词,且表泛指用复数 errors。
4. blindly 解析:修饰动名词 memorizing,用副词,blind → blindly(盲目地)。
5. longer 解析:much 修饰比较级,longer(更长久)。
6. perseverance 解析:and 连接名词 patience 和空格,需并列名词,persevere → perseverance(坚持)。
7. challenging 解析:feel 后接形容词表语,challenge → challenging(有挑战性的)。
8. practicing 解析:keep doing sth.(持续做某事),practice → practicing。
9. confident 解析:系动词 stay 后接形容词,confidence → confident(自信的)。
10. improvement 解析:形容词 great 后接名词,improve → improvement(进步)。
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$
Unit 3 Smart Learning 精品讲义2026秋九(上)英语
第7讲 词汇运用与词形变化
词汇讲练(学生版)
词汇课 ● 核心词汇精讲与词形变化专练
————————————————————————————————————————
【课时安排】
本讲聚焦 Unit 3 核心词汇的词性转换与语境运用,建议用时 1 课时(45 分钟)。前半段精讲 15 个核心词的词族与搭配,后半段用单句、短文两级实战把“成分定词性”用到滚瓜烂熟。
【学习目标】
学完本讲,你要能做到三件事:
① 看到句中一个变形空,先判断它充当的成分,再定要用的词性,不再凭语感乱猜;
② 背下本单元 15 个核心词的词性转换链,脱口说出 each 的高频搭配与易错点;
③ 在语境填词中,依据“位置信号”独立完成词形变化填空,并说出判断理由。
一、撞墙导入·变形空里你踩过几个坑
【热身测试】
先别翻书,凭直觉填下面三个空,时间 2 分钟:
1. Watching English films is an ____________ (enjoy) way to improve your listening.
2. She speaks English very ____________ (fluent), which surprises her classmates.
3. The ____________ (grow) of the city brings both chances and problems.
【教师点拨】
三个空填不出来或拿不准,太正常了——因为它们考的都不是“这个词我认不认识”,而是“这个词放在这个位置上,该穿哪件词性外套”。判断的入口就三处:冠词后缺修饰名词的词、系动词或动词前修饰动词的词、冠词后缺的名词——每一处对应什么词性,到第三板块“三步走”里练熟。
一句话点破本讲主线:变形空里,词性由位置决定,不由记忆决定。顺着“位置→成分→词性”这条链走,词形变化就从死记硬背变成可推演的规则。
二、核心词汇精讲·本单元 15 词词族梳理
本单元的词汇都围绕“学习与成长”展开。下面按四个主题块过一遍,每块讲完立刻配两句即时填空,学一个用一个。
板块一 · 实验与工具
① experiment n. 实验;试验 v. 做实验 → experimental adj. 实验的。搭配:do / conduct an experiment 做实验;experiment with... 用……做实验。易错点:动词义“做实验”和名词义要分清,experiment 既作名词又作动词。
② dictionary n. 词典;字典 → dictionaries(复数)。搭配:look up a word in a dictionary 在词典里查词。易错点:复数 y 变 ies,别直接加 s。
③ pronunciation n. 发音;读音 → pronounce v. 发音。搭配:improve your pronunciation 改进发音。易错点:名词以 -ation 结尾,动词是 pronounce(注意 ou 拼写),名词和动词别混。
【即时填空 · 板块一】
a. The students did an ____________ (experiment) on how plants grow. (形容词)
b. If you don’t know a word, you can ____________ (pronunciation) it in a dictionary. (动词)
【我的答案】
a.____________ b.____________(想一想:a 空在冠词 an 和介词 on 之间,该填什么词性?b 空在 can 之后,该填什么词性?)
______________________
______________________
板块二 · 读音与表达
④ aloud adv. 出声地;大声地。辨析是重点:aloud 强调“发出声音”,常和 read / think 连用(read aloud 出声读);loud adj. 大声的,指声音响亮,也可作副词(speak loud);loudly adv. 大声地,带“喧闹、刺耳”的意味。
⑤ general adj. 总的;大体的 → generally adv. 普遍地;大体上。固定表达:generally speaking 一般来说(作句首状语);in general 总的来说。
【即时填空 · 板块二】
a. Please read the text ____________ (aloud) so that everyone can hear you.
b. ____________ (general) speaking, practice makes perfect in language learning.
【我的答案】
a.____________ b.____________(想一想:a 空修饰 read,强调“读出声音”用什么词?b 空是固定表达作句首状语,注意首字母大小写。)
______________________
______________________
板块三 · 效率与品质
⑥ efficient adj. 高效的 → efficiently adv. 高效地 → efficiency n. 效率 → inefficient adj. 低效的(反义)。搭配:improve efficiency 提高效率。考点:副词 efficiently 修饰动词,考场上常让你在 efficient / efficiency / efficiently 里挑。
⑦ active adj. 积极的 → actively adv. 积极地 → activity n. 活动 → inactive adj. 不活跃的(反义)。搭配:take an active part in 积极参加;be active in doing sth. 积极做某事。
⑧ suit v. 适合;有利于 n. 套装 → suitable adj. 合适的 → suitably adv. 适当地。搭配:be suitable for sb. 适合某人。易错点:suit 作动词是及物动词,直接跟宾语;要表达“合适”用 be suitable for。
⑨ correct adj. 正确的 v. 改正 → correction n. 改正;订正 → incorrect adj. 不正确的(反义)。一词两性:既可作形容词(a correct answer),又可作动词(correct the mistakes)。搭配:make corrections 订正。
⑩ enjoyable adj. 有乐趣的;令人愉快的 → enjoy v. 享受 → enjoyment n. 乐趣。搭配:enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事;take enjoyment in... 从……中获得乐趣。易错点:enjoy 后接动名词,不接不定式。
【即时填空 · 板块三】
a. We should organize our study time ____________ (efficiency) to save energy.
b. It is a great ____________ (enjoy) to read English stories before bed.
c. The teacher asked us to make ____________ (correct) on our exercise books.
【我的答案】
a.____________ b.____________ c.____________(想一想:a 空修饰动词 organize;b 空在形容词 great 后;c 空是 make... 固定搭配且表多处修改。)
______________________
______________________
______________________
板块四 · 建议与成长
⑪ suggest v. 建议;提议 → suggestion n. 建议。用法是高频考点:suggest doing sth. 建议做某事;suggest that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人做某事(从句用虚拟语气,should 可省略)。易错点:suggestion 是可数名词,make a suggestion 提建议。
⑫ grow v. 生长;成长 → growth n. 成长;增加。搭配:grow up 长大;economic growth 经济增长。易错点:名词 growth 常作主语或宾语,别写成动名词 growing 顶替。
⑬ addition n. 添加;加法 → add v. 添加 → additional adj. 额外的。固定表达是重头戏:in addition 此外;in addition to... 除……之外(后接名词/动名词)。
⑭ advantage n. 优势;优点 → advantageous adj. 有利的 → disadvantage n. 缺点(反义)。搭配:take advantage of... 利用;have an advantage over... 比……有优势。
⑮ speed n. 速度 v. 加速 → speedy adj. 迅速的 → speedily adv. 迅速地。搭配:at high / full speed 高速;speed up 加速。
【即时填空 · 板块四】
a. My teacher suggested ____________ (take) notes while reading.
b. ____________ (addition) to English, I am also learning French.
c. We should take full ____________ (advantage) of the library in our school.
【我的答案】
a.____________ b.____________ c.____________(想一想:a 空是 suggest 的固定用法;b 空是固定短语作句首状语;c 空是固定搭配 take... of。)
______________________
______________________
______________________
三、词形变化·成分定词性
15 个词过完,把方法再往深里钉一层。词形变化不是背 15 个词的孤例,而是掌握一套“看位置、定成分、选词性”的通用流程。
第 1 步 看位置定成分
先看空格在句子里占哪个“坑”,坑位决定词性:
① 冠词(a/an/the)、形容词、物主代词、名词所有格之后 → 名词:the ____________ of the city → 填名词 growth。
② 介词之后 → 名词或动名词:take advantage of ____________ → 填名词或 doing。
③ 系动词(be / feel / seem / become)之后,或修饰名词之前 → 形容词:make the lesson ____________ → 填 enjoyable。
④ 修饰动词、形容词或整个句子 → 副词:read ____________ in the morning → 填 loudly / aloud。
⑤ 空格是动词位置 → 先定时态语态,再定形式:so I ____________ (turn) to books → 时态决定了 turned。
第 2 步 回词族找对应词性
定好要哪种词性后,回到这个词的“词族”里取对应成员。词族靠后缀认:
名词后缀:-tion(pronunciation)、-ment(enjoyment)、-ness、-er/-or(learner)、-ity、-ence。
形容词后缀:-ful(enjoyable)、-ous、-able(suitable)、-al(experimental)、-ive、-y。
副词后缀:-ly(efficiently、generally)。
动词后缀:-en、-ize(memory → memorize)。
第 3 步 盯紧拼写变化
变形往往伴随拼写变化,这是最阴的坑:
① 辅音字母 + y 结尾:happy → happiness,easy → easily(y 变 i)。
② 以 -e 结尾:pronounce → pronunciation(去 e 加 -ation)。
③ 重读闭音节双写:begin → beginning,forget → forgetting。
④ 反义前缀:active → inactive,efficient → inefficient,advantage → disadvantage。
【即时练习 · 三步走】
把下面每空按“位置→成分→词性”走一遍,说出理由再填:
1. Everyone should take notes ____________ (care) in English class.
2. The ____________ (learn) old man still reads English every morning.
3. Watching movies brings me great ____________ (please).
【我的答案】
1.____________ 2.____________ 3.____________(说一说每空的判断理由。)
______________________
______________________
______________________
四、实战·单句语法填空(词形专练)
用上“成分定词性”的三步走,独立完成下面 10 句。做完立即对答案,重点不是对错,而是每空能不能说出判断理由。
1. Every ____________ (learn) should take notes carefully in English class.
2. The school ____________ (project) to set up an English corner next term.
3. Tom takes part in all kinds of class activities ____________ (active).
4. Watching English movies brings me great ____________ (enjoy).
5. You should check your answers and write them ____________ (correct).
6. It is ____________ (advantage) to practice oral English every day.
7. I haven’t practiced my writing ____________ (recent).
8. We should ____________ full advantage of after-school activities.
9. The new words are an ____________ (add) to the list, not replacements.
10. She reads the passage ____________ (speed) to finish the test on time.
【我的答案】
1.______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______ 6.______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
五、实战·语境填词(My Reading Habit)
单句是热身,短文才是考场。下面这篇短文谈“我的阅读习惯”,主题与本单元学习话题严丝合缝。先把中文版读一遍抓大意,再完成英文版的 15 个空,每一空都用三步走。
【短文大意】
我的阅读习惯源于母亲,她视书为挚友,酷爱阅读,家里堆满各式读物。小时候她常给我讲故事、教我识字,不久后浅显童书满足不了我,我便转向科普书和人物传记。晚饭后我常在房间安静品读,阅读为我推开通往未知世界的大门。如今长大,我一有空就去学校图书馆阅读,阅读大大提升了我的学业,也让我对未来更加自信。
【正文 · 填词版】
My reading habit started with my mother, who __1__ (treat) books as her closest friends that make her __2__ (wise). Because she is crazy __3__ reading, our house is __4__ (fill) with all kinds of books.
When I was little, she often read stories to me and __5__ (teach) me how to read. Soon I found that __6__ (simply) kids’ books could no longer __7__ (satisfy) me, so I turned __8__ science books and biographies. After dinner, I would pick one book from the shelf and read __9__ (quiet) in my room. Reading opens a door that __10__ (lead) me to unknown worlds, where I can __11__ (explore) fresh __12__ (think) by myself.
Now that I’m older, I still __13__ (spare) time to read in the school library whenever I am free. Reading has __14__ (great) improved my studies and made me much more __15__ (confident) about what the future will bring.
【我的答案】
1.______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______ 6.______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______ 11.______ 12.______ 13.______ 14.______ 15.______
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
六、分层练习
三组题难度递进,先做基础层找手感,再做中档层,最后用挑战层检验自己是否真把方法用熟了。
基础层 · 词性转换直写
把括号里的词改成正确的词性填入横线:
1. learn → ____________ (n. 学习者) 2. enjoy → ____________ (n. 乐趣) 3. active → ____________ (adv. 积极地)
4. correct → ____________ (n. 订正) 5. advantage → ____________ (adj. 有利的) 6. general → ____________ (adv. 普遍地)
7. speed → ____________ (adj. 迅速的) 8. pronounce → ____________ (n. 发音)
【我的答案】
1.______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______ 6.______ 7.______ 8.______
______________________
______________________
______________________
中档层 · 单句语境变形
依据位置信号填出正确形式:
1. It is ____________ (suit) for us to study English in the morning.
2. The ____________ (grow) of young learners needs patience and care.
3. He finished the reading task ____________ (efficiency) within ten minutes.
4. My mother enjoys ____________ (listen) to English songs after work.
5. Nobody likes to be ____________ (active) in class, so please speak up.
【我的答案】
1.______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
______________________
______________________
______________________
挑战层 · 语篇变形
读下面的小语篇,用括号内单词的正确形式填空。注意这一层不只考词性,还混进了时态和固定搭配:
I began to learn English in primary school. At first, I was too shy to speak __1__ (loud), so my __2__ (pronounce) was weak. My teacher often told me, “The best way to learn is to make mistakes __3__ (active).” Encouraged by her words, I started to read English stories __4__ (regular) and took part in class activities __5__ (enjoy) myself. Little by little, my English made great __6__ (grow), and I became much more __7__ (confident). Now I truly understand the __8__ (advantage) of keeping practicing: it opens a door to a wider world.
【我的答案】
1.______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______ 6.______ 7.______ 8.______
______________________
______________________
______________________
七、带走型收尾
【词形变化速记口诀】
坑位定词性,词族选成员;冠形物代后跟名词,介词后头名或动;系动形、修饰副;拼写变化盯三处——y 变 i、去 e 加 tion、重读双写加后缀。
【本讲自检清单】
学完这一讲,逐条打钩:
□ 我能说出 15 个核心词的词性转换链,不再混淆 active / activity / actively。
□ 看到变形空,我会先判断它在句中的成分,再决定用哪种词性。
□ 我能默写 5 个高频搭配:be crazy about、be filled with、turn to、take advantage of、be suitable for。
□ 我知道 suggestion 的可数性、suggest doing、suggest that sb. (should) do 三种用法。
课后作业·语法填空巩固
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(独立完成,课上对答案讲评)
【短文大意】
每个人学外语都有自己的节奏。有人喜欢开口朗读,有人习惯先扩大词汇量。别怕开口,错误本身就是学习的一部分。把单词放进真实情境里记忆,比死记硬背更持久。语言学习是慢功夫,坚持到底的人终会看见进步。
【正文 · 填词版】
Everyone learns a foreign language at their own pace. Some people like to read __1__ (aloud) in the morning, while others prefer to enlarge their __2__ (know) first. Don’t be afraid to open your mouth; making __3__ (error) is a natural part of learning. Instead of memorizing word lists __4__ (blind), try to remember new words by putting them into real situations. In this way, what you learn will stay in your mind for a much __5__ (long) time. Language learning is a slow process that calls for patience and __6__ (persevere). It may feel __7__ (challenge) at the beginning, but every small step counts. As long as you keep __8__ (practice) and stay __9__ (confidence), you are sure to see great __10__ (improve) in the end.
【我的答案】
1.______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______ 6.______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$