【周周有招】同步登顶班讲义第17讲（现在完成和过去总混） 2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

本讲义聚焦初中英语谓语动词时态突破核心知识点，系统梳理一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进行、过去进行、现在完成六大时态的标志词与用法，通过易混时态对比构建知识网络，为后续语态、主谓一致学习奠定基础，形成“导入-精讲-实战-练习-自检”的完整学习支架。 资料以“三步定位法”培养学生思维品质，结合太空探索主题语篇实战提升语言能力，分层练习与自检清单助力学习能力发展。例如“撞墙导入”先让学生试错再精讲，课中教师可高效引导，课后学生能自主查漏补缺，强化时态运用能力。

Unit 4 Space Exploration 精品讲义2026秋九年级（上册）英语-新教材人教版 第17讲 谓语动词之时态突破 语法讲练（教师版） 语法课 ● 动词时态三步定位与语篇实战 一、本讲导航 【课时安排】 谓语动词是句子的心脏，也是中考甚至高考语法填空与写作里失分最集中的地方。本讲是"谓语动词"系列的突破口，只做一件事：把"时"吃透。所谓时态，是动词回答"动作发生在什么时间、处于什么状态"的那套形式，它是后续语态、主谓一致的地基。本讲建议用时1课时（45分钟）；若课堂时间偏紧，第四板块的写作挖空可留作当堂抢练，亦可作课后自查。 【学习目标】 学完这一讲，你要能—— 1. 一眼认出六大核心时态各自的典型时间标志词：一般现在（always, every day, on Sundays）、一般过去（yesterday, last year, ago, in 1961）、一般将来（tomorrow, next week, will）、现在进行（now, look, listen）、过去进行（then, at 8 o’clock yesterday, when/while）、现在完成（since, for, already, yet, ever, so far, recently）。 2. 用"三步定位法"，对任何一句含谓语动词的句子，说出该用什么时态，并讲得出依据。 3. 在语篇语法填空里，靠句内时间词与上下文的时间参照链，准确填出动词的时态，不靠蒙、不靠手感。 考点挂钩：语法填空靠前的几空常落在谓语动词上，时态+语态是高频考点；中考完形、写作里时态判错，连尖子生也容易"阴沟翻船"。本讲先啃"时"这块最硬的骨头，语态与主谓一致留到第18讲收尾。 二、撞墙导入·先踩坑再上岸 先不翻答案，凭第一直觉填下面4空。填完对照答案——这4空正是本讲要治的四种"病"。 1. I ________ (visit) my grandparents every weekend last year. 2. Look! The boys ________ (play) basketball on the playground now. 3. She ________ (live) in Wuhan since 2019. 4. — Why didn’t you answer my phone call? — Sorry, I ________ (take) a shower then. 【答案与解析】 1. visited。every weekend是"每周都去"的频率词，本应指向一般现在；但句尾last year把时间整体切到过去，"频率+过去"就该用一般过去。这是最常见"只看半截标志词"的坑。 2. are playing。Look!提示动作此刻正在进行，用现在进行时。见到Look、Listen、now这类词，先把进行时摆上桌。 3. has lived。since 2019表示"从2019年一直延续到现在"，是现在完成时的信号灯。since、for都是完成时的老朋友。 4. was taking。then指"当时、那一刻"，是个过去的时间点，动作在那时正在进行，用过去进行时。 四空对应四种病：①频率词与过去时间打架；②进行时标志Look!/Listen!；③since+现在完成；④then/当时=过去进行。先踩过这些坑，后面的路才好走。 三、核心精讲·六大时态与三步定位 这一节分量最重，按"讲透一句→标志词→即时练→解析"推进，讲一块、练一块，绝不积压到最后一口气练。 （一）一般现在时：讲"习惯、事实、规律" 一般现在时管三类事：习惯动作（I get up at six every day.）、客观事实（The earth moves around the sun.）、永恒规律与真理（Water boils at 100 degrees.）。句子里常出现always、usually、often、sometimes、never、every day/week、on Sundays这类频率或周期词。主语是第三人称单数时，动词要加-s/-es（he goes, she studies）。它是小学就熟的老朋友，难点不在构形，而在跟一般过去时"抢位置"——记住一条底线：只要没出现"过去时间"字样，习惯、事实、规律一律用一般现在。 【即时练】 1. Water ________ (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius. 2. My father ________ (watch) CCTV news every evening. 答案与解析： 1. boils。客观真理，无过去时间，一般现在；主语Water三单，加-s。2. watches。every evening表习惯，一般现在；watch是ch结尾，加-es。 （二）一般过去时：讲"过去发生，与现在无关" 一般过去时描述过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有必然联系。标志词：yesterday、last night/week/year、ago、in 2019、just now、at that time、the other day等。动词用过去式：规则动词加-ed（watched, visited），不规则动词要背熟（go—went, take—took, write—wrote, set—set）。它跟现在完成时的"抢位置"是中考高频，本讲第（六）小节专门拆解。 【即时练】 3. They ________ (have) an English party last Saturday. 4. When I ________ (be) a child, I lived in the countryside. 答案与解析： 3. had。last Saturday是明确的过去时间，一般过去；have—had。4. was。when I was a child是过去状态，一般过去；主语I用was。 （三）一般将来时：三种表达别混用 一般将来时表将来要发生的事，有三种常见表达，各有各的"脾气"： ①will do最通用，表临时决定、预测、承诺。I will call you when I arrive.②be going to do表"打算好要做"或"有迹象将要发生"。She is going to study abroad next year.③进行时表将来：go、come、leave、arrive、start、fly等位移动词，用现在进行时表"按计划即将发生"。The plane is taking off in ten minutes. 标志词：tomorrow、next week/month/year、in a few days、soon、in the future。一个高频陷阱——when、if、before、until等引导的时间或条件状语从句里，用一般现在时表将来（主将从现）：I’ll tell him when he comes back.（绝不能说when he will come） 【即时练】 5. We ________ (have) a sports meeting next month if it doesn’t rain. 6. — Are you going to the party? — Yes, I ________ (go) with my best friend. 答案与解析： 5. will have。next month表将来，主句用一般将来；if从句用一般现在doesn’t rain，正是"主将从现"。6. will go。答语表临时决定，用will；若表计划已久则用am going to。 （四）现在进行时与过去进行时：抓住"正在进行的那一刻" 现在进行时=am/is/are+doing，表此刻正在进行的动作，标志词now、look、listen、at present、these days。过去进行时=was/were+doing，表过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，常配when、while、at that moment、at 8 o’clock yesterday。两者都可能带刺：进行时也可表按计划发生的位移动作（见（三））；过去进行时与一般过去时组成经典句式"was doing when did"——正做某事时，另一件事突然发生。 【即时练】 7. Listen! Someone ________ (sing) in the next room. 8. At this time yesterday, we ________ (have) an English class. 答案与解析： 7. is singing。Listen!表此刻正在，现在进行。8. were having。at this time yesterday=过去某刻正在进行，过去进行；主语we用were。 （五）现在完成时：讲"过去的动作，现在仍有影响" 现在完成时=have/has+done，核心是"过去的动作对现在产生影响"，或"从过去一直持续到现在"。标志词分三类：①已完成的信号：already、yet、just、ever、never；②持续的信号：since（+过去时间点）、for（+时间段）；③累计的信号：so far、up to now、in the past few years、recently、over the last two years。它把"过去"和"现在"接起来，这正是它和一般过去时最大的不同。 【即时练】 9. So far, we ________ (plant) more than 500 trees. 10. He ________ (not finish) his homework yet. 答案与解析： 9. have planted。so far表"到目前为止"的累计，现在完成。10. hasn’t finished。yet用于否定表"尚未完成"，现在完成；主语He三单用has。 （六）现在完成时 vs 一般过去时：何时"非此即彼" 这是时态题的"终极大考"，也是区分度最高的一题。一把尺子就够：这个动作是否与"现在"有关系？有关系（影响仍在/持续到现在）→现在完成时；无关系（纯属对过去的陈述）→一般过去时。 对比着记：I have lost my key.（现在进不了门，影响在）I lost my key yesterday.（陈述过去，后来找到了）再看高频陷阱：come、leave、begin、die、marry这类瞬间动词，不能与for/since"持续多久"连用，得换成延续性动词——"他来这里三年了"要说He has been here for three years.，绝不说He has come here for three years. 【即时练】 11. — Is Tom in the office? — No, he ________ (leave) for Shanghai. 12. I ________ (see) the film twice, but I want to see it again. 答案与解析： 11. has left。人不在、影响在（他现在不在办公室），现在完成。12. have seen。看过的经历对现在有影响（还想再看），现在完成；twice表累计。 （七）三步定位法：把时态变成"对号入座" 把上面六块收成一个可执行的方法。拿到任何一句含谓语动词的句子，只问三步—— 第1步，找时间词。句里有没有yesterday、now、since、tomorrow、look、then这类显性标志词？有，直接锁定对应时态。 第2步，没显性标志词就看上下文。前后句的时态、语篇叙述的起点在哪，这个动作发生在它之前、同时还是之后？据此定"时"。 第3步，回扣主被动。时态定好之后，扫一眼主语与动词是主动还是被动关系（被动语态详讲见第18讲），别把主动写成被动。 口诀：先找词、再看上下文、最后查主被动。三步走完，时态题不再靠猜。 四、实战运用·把方法用进语篇 （一）精读语篇·人类探索太空 读下面短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空（必要时需加助动词），使短文通顺、连贯。每空限填一词。 Since the middle of the last century, mankind 1.________(dream) of sending humans beyond the Earth. In 1961, the Soviet astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first man to travel into space. Eight years later, the American Neil Armstrong 2.________(set) foot on the moon, and his famous words were heard around the world. Those two great moments 3.________(inspire) countless young people ever since. Today, astronauts live and work on the International Space Station, where they 4.________(carry) out scientific experiments day after day. So far, China 5.________(send) several astronauts into space, and the Chinese space station has been in operation since 2021. Life in space is hard: because of little gravity, muscles grow weak, so the astronauts 6.________(require) to exercise every day. They also have to recycle water and store food, otherwise they 7.________(not survive) long. Some people argue that space exploration wastes money, but the returns are clear. For example, GPS, which we use to find our way, 8.________(develop) from space research. In my view, as long as we keep exploring, we 9.________(open) up new possibilities for the future. China’s space programme is young, but it 10.________(grow) stronger year by year. 【答案】 1. has dreamed 2. set 3. have inspired 4. carry 5. has sent 6. are required 7. won’t survive 8. was developed 9. will open 10. is growing 【解析】 1. has dreamed。since引导的"从过去到现在"用现在完成，主语mankind表单数。2. set。in 1961明确过去时间，一般过去；set三形同形。3. have inspired。ever since=自从那时起，现在完成。4. carry。day after day表日复一日的常规，一般现在，主语they用原形。5. has sent。so far表累计，现在完成。 6. are required。宇航员"被要求"每天锻炼，被动语态；结合上下文用一般现在，主语they用are。7. won’t survive。otherwise表"否则"，引出将来后果，用一般将来否定。8. was developed。GPS"被研发出来"，被动；"来自太空研究"是过去事实，用一般过去被动。9. will open。as long as引导条件从句，主句用一般将来（主将从现）。10. is growing。year by year表"逐年"渐进的势头，用现在进行时更传神；若用grows也符合一般现在习惯，但"越来越强"的进行感是本句的题眼。 （二）写作挖空·My Understanding of Space Exploration 下面是一篇"我对太空探索的理解"征文，已挖空。请用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，把这篇小短文补全，练的正是"时态+词形"的合体。 My Understanding of Space Exploration In my opinion, space exploration 1.________(be) crucial for the progress and development of mankind, laying the foundation for future technological advancements and scientific 2.________(discover). First of all, it 3.________(expand) our understanding of the universe and its origin, contributing significantly to advancements in astronomy. In addition, it 4.________(drive) technological innovation and 5.________(improve) our everyday lives. These innovations 6.________(enable) us to predict and respond to natural disasters more effectively, saving countless lives. Lastly, space exploration 7.________(offer) prospects for the utilization of future resources vital to humanity’s long-term 8.________(survive). The benefits of space exploration are integrated into our daily lives. For example, when we go to an unfamiliar place, we always turn to GPS for help, and this is one of the 9.________(achieve) of space exploration. In a word, by investing in space exploration, we 10.________(pave) the way for a brighter future. 【答案】 1. is 2. discoveries 3. expands 4. drives 5. improves 6. enable 7. offers 8. survival 9. achievements 10. pave 【解析】 1. is。主语space exploration抽象概念表单数，客观陈述用一般现在is。2. discoveries。scientific修饰名词，discover变名词discovery，复数discoveries。3. expands。it代space exploration三单，一般现在加-s。4. drives。it三单，drive→drives。5. improves。it三单，improve→improves。6. enable。these innovations复数，一般现在用原形enable。7. offers。space exploration三单，offer→offers。8. survival。long-term修饰名词，survive变名词survival。9. achievements。one of+复数名词，achieve变名词achievement，复数achievements。10. pave。we复数，一般现在原形pave。 写作用挖空练的不是"背单词"，而是逼你在真实句子里做"时态+词形"双线判断：先看主语定"数"和"时"，再决定是原形、加s还是变名词。这就是三步定位法在写作里的落地。 五、分层练习·三级台阶 练习按难度分三档，先基础热身、再真题进阶、最后语篇闯关，答案紧贴题后，做完即时对。 【基础层】单句语法填空（时态基本功） 1. I ________ (wash) my hair when the telephone rang. 2. By the time he arrived, the train ________ (leave). 3. Look! The children ________ (fly) kites over there. 4. We ________ (visit) the museum next Friday. 5. She ________ (teach) English in this school since 2015. 6. The earth ________ (go) around the sun. 7. They ________ (have) supper at seven last night. 8. My brother ________ (read) a novel in the study now. 答案与解析： 1. was washing。when引导的瞬间动作打断正在进行，主句过去进行。2. had left。by the time he arrived（到他到达时）之前已完成，过去完成。3. are flying。Look!表此刻，现在进行。4. will visit。next Friday表将来。5. has taught。since 2015持续，现在完成。6. goes。客观真理，一般现在三单。7. were having。at seven last night过去某刻正在进行，过去进行。8. is reading。now表此刻，现在进行。 【中档层】真题单句（时态判定与易混取舍） 1. Jack ________ (work) in the lab when the power cut occurred. 2. This led to the reappearance of the city that ________ (sink) decades before without any prior investigations. 3. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs. 4. Henry ________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 5. Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ (deliver) his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first. 6. On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire; they ________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party. 7. In the past decades, efforts ________ (make) by the district to preserve this signature folk dance culture. 8. — Where are the children? — They ________ (lie) on the grass, watching the stars. 答案与解析： 1. was working。when引导"停电"这一瞬间，主句正在进行，过去进行。2. had sunk。decades before表"在更早的几十年前"完成，先于led，过去完成。3. have started。over the last two years累计信号，现在完成。4. was fixing。when he heard瞬间打断，过去进行。5. will deliver。in a moment表"马上"将来，一般将来。6. were。1870年过去状态，一般过去；they用were。7. have been made。in the past decades累计，且efforts是被"做出"的，现在完成被动。8. are lying。表此刻正在做的动作，现在进行；lie变进行时lie→lying。 【挑战层】语篇语法填空（时态综合运用） 读下面短文，用所给词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 When I was a child, I 1.________(dream) of becoming an astronaut. Every night I looked up at the stars and asked myself: "Will I ever fly there?" My father, an engineer, often 2.________(tell) me stories about rockets and satellites. Last summer, our class 3.________(visit) the space museum, where I saw a real rocket for the first time. Since then, I 4.________(read) every book about space I can find. Now I 5.________(study) hard every day, because I know that knowledge is the key to my dream. Next year, I 6.________(take) the entrance exam, and I believe I will do my best. By the time I grow up, science 7.________(develop) so fast that space travel may become common. Who knows? Maybe one day I 8.________(walk) on the moon. At that moment, I 9.________(look) back and feel proud that I never gave up. My dream, simple as it is, 10.________(mean) the world to me. 【答案】 1. dreamed 2. told 3. visited 4. have read 5. study 6. will take 7. will have developed 8. will walk 9. will look 10. means 【解析】 1. dreamed。when I was a child为过去背景，一般过去。2. told。often配过去时间框架，讲的是儿时往事，一般过去；tell—told。3. visited。last summer明确过去，一般过去。4. have read。since then"从那时起到现在"，现在完成。5. study。now与every day表当前常规，一般现在；I用原形。6. will take。next year表将来，一般将来。7. will have developed。by the time I grow up表"到我长大时已经……"，将来完成时，这是高难度点。8. will walk。maybe one day表未来可能，一般将来。9. will look。at that moment指将来那一刻，一般将来。10. means。my dream单数主语，客观陈述用一般现在三单。 这一篇把六种时态放进一个完整的"航天梦"叙事里，考验的是你在同一段里来回切换"过去、现在、将来"的参照能力——这正是三步定位法第2步"看上下文"的用武之地。 六、带走型收尾·把方法带走 【时态三步口诀】 先找时间词，再看上下文，最后查主被动；过去完成看"更早"，将来完成看"到某时"，进行时抓住"那一刻"。 【本讲自检清单】 学完这一讲，请你合上讲义自检—— ① 我能背出六大时态的典型标志词吗？（每个至少说两个） ② 现在完成时和一般过去时，我能不能用"是否与现在有关"这把尺子当场判断一句？ ③ "was doing when did"和"主将从现"这两个句式，我能在自己造的句子里用对吗？ ④ 语篇语法填空里，我能不能靠前后句的时间参照推出动词时态？ 三处以上做不到，请回看对应小节重练；都能做到，恭喜，第18讲"语态与主谓一致"在等你。 七、课后作业·独立巩固 课后作业是一套独立完成的巩固题：先做单句，再啃语篇，完成后对照答案自评，下节课讲评。 一、单句语法填空（时态） 1. Look at the dark clouds! It ________ (rain) soon. 2. By the end of last month, we ________ (complete) two thirds of the project. 3. He ________ (wait) for the bus when I saw him yesterday. 4. The population of our city ________ (grow) rapidly in recent years. 5. I ________ (finish) reading the book by the time you come back. 6. While she ________ (do) the dishes, the phone rang. 二、语篇语法填空（时态综合） 读下面短文，用所给词的适当形式填空。 Last weekend, my classmates and I 1.________(visit) the city’s space science center, where we watched a film about the history of space exploration. The guide told us that people 2.________(try) to fly since ancient times, but it was not until the 20th century that they 3.________(succeed). As we walked around, I 4.________(be) deeply moved by the stories of the astronauts. "By 2030," the guide said, "more Chinese astronauts 5.________(work) on our own space station." Now I often 6.________(think) about that day, and I believe that if I 7.________(study) hard, my dream will come true. Next month, I 8.________(take) part in a science competition about space. I have decided that I 9.________(prepare) for it carefully. By the time the competition comes, I 10.________(get) everything ready. 【答案】 单句：1. is going to rain / will rain 2. had completed 3. was waiting 4. has grown 5. will have finished 6. was doing 语篇：1. visited 2. have tried 3. succeeded 4. was 5. will work / will be working 6. think 7. study 8. will take 9. will prepare 10. will have got 【解析】 单句：1. 乌云密布"有迹象将要下雨"，用is going to rain或will rain。2. by the end of last month表"到上月底已经"，过去完成。3. when I saw him yesterday，过去某刻正在进行，过去进行。4. in recent years累计信号，现在完成has grown。5. by the time you come back表"到那时已完成"，将来完成will have finished。6. while引导持续背景，主句进行，过去进行was doing。 语篇：1. visited。last weekend明确过去。2. have tried。since ancient times"自古至今"，现在完成。3. succeeded。not until the 20th century是过去时间点，一般过去。4. was。I was deeply moved被动，过去。5. will work。by 2030表将来，一般将来（will be working表"届时正在"也成立）。6. think。now、often表当前习惯，一般现在。7. study。if条件从句用一般现在表将来。8. will take。next month将来，一般将来。9. will prepare。have decided后表将来安排，一般将来。10. will have got。by the time the competition comes表"到比赛到来时已准备好"，将来完成。 做完后对照答案逐空问一句"我卡在标志词还是上下文参照上"，把卡点标在题旁，下节课带着问题来。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Space Exploration 精品讲义2026秋九年级（上册）英语-新教材人教版 第17讲 谓语动词之时态突破 语法讲练（学生版） 语法课 ● 动词时态三步定位与语篇实战 一、本讲导航 【课时安排】 谓语动词是句子的心脏，也是中考甚至高考语法填空与写作里失分最集中的地方。本讲是"谓语动词"系列的突破口，只做一件事：把"时"吃透。所谓时态，是动词回答"动作发生在什么时间、处于什么状态"的那套形式，它是后续语态、主谓一致的地基。本讲建议用时1课时（45分钟）；若课堂时间偏紧，第四板块的写作挖空可留作当堂抢练，亦可作课后自查。 【学习目标】 学完这一讲，你要能—— 1. 一眼认出六大核心时态各自的典型时间标志词：一般现在（always, every day, on Sundays）、一般过去（yesterday, last year, ago, in 1961）、一般将来（tomorrow, next week, will）、现在进行（now, look, listen）、过去进行（then, at 8 o’clock yesterday, when/while）、现在完成（since, for, already, yet, ever, so far, recently）。 2. 用"三步定位法"，对任何一句含谓语动词的句子，说出该用什么时态，并讲得出依据。 3. 在语篇语法填空里，靠句内时间词与上下文的时间参照链，准确填出动词的时态，不靠蒙、不靠手感。 考点挂钩：语法填空靠前的几空常落在谓语动词上，时态+语态是高频考点；中考完形、写作里时态判错，连尖子生也容易"阴沟翻船"。本讲先啃"时"这块最硬的骨头，语态与主谓一致留到第18讲收尾。 二、撞墙导入·先踩坑再上岸 先凭第一直觉填下面4空，别急着找答案。填完把这4个答案写下来，带着它们进本讲——这4空正是本讲要治的四种“病”。学完核心精讲再回看，看你能不能靠自己说出每空的时态和判断依据。 1. I ________ (visit) my grandparents every weekend last year. 2. Look! The boys ________ (play) basketball on the playground now. 3. She ________ (live) in Wuhan since 2019. 4. — Why didn’t you answer my phone call? — Sorry, I ________ (take) a shower then. 这4空对应四种“病”：①频率词与过去时间打架；②进行时标志 Look!/Listen!；③since + 现在完成；④then/当时 = 过去进行。学完精讲后回看这4空，逐空问一句：我最初填对了吗？靠的是标志词还是上下文？ 三、核心精讲·六大时态与三步定位 这一节分量最重，按"讲透一句→标志词→即时练"推进，讲一块、练一块，绝不积压到最后一口气练。 （一）一般现在时：讲"习惯、事实、规律" 一般现在时管三类事：习惯动作（I get up at six every day.）、客观事实（The earth moves around the sun.）、永恒规律与真理（Water boils at 100 degrees.）。句子里常出现always、usually、often、sometimes、never、every day/week、on Sundays这类频率或周期词。主语是第三人称单数时，动词要加-s/-es（he goes, she studies）。它是小学就熟的老朋友，难点不在构形，而在跟一般过去时"抢位置"——记住一条底线：只要没出现"过去时间"字样，习惯、事实、规律一律用一般现在。 【即时练】 1. Water ________ (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius. 2. My father ________ (watch) CCTV news every evening. 想一想：这题你靠哪个时间词定的时？主语是三单吗，要不要加 -s？ （二）一般过去时：讲"过去发生，与现在无关" 一般过去时描述过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有必然联系。标志词：yesterday、last night/week/year、ago、in 2019、just now、at that time、the other day等。动词用过去式：规则动词加-ed（watched, visited），不规则动词要背熟（go—went, take—took, write—wrote, set—set）。它跟现在完成时的"抢位置"是中考高频，本讲第（六）小节专门拆解。 【即时练】 3. They ________ (have) an English party last Saturday. 4. When I ________ (be) a child, I lived in the countryside. 想一想：两空都讲过去，但一个靠明确时间词、一个靠“过去状态”，各自的判断依据你能说出来吗？ （三）一般将来时：三种表达别混用 一般将来时表将来要发生的事，有三种常见表达，各有各的"脾气"： ①will do最通用，表临时决定、预测、承诺。I will call you when I arrive.②be going to do表"打算好要做"或"有迹象将要发生"。She is going to study abroad next year.③进行时表将来：go、come、leave、arrive、start、fly等位移动词，用现在进行时表"按计划即将发生"。The plane is taking off in ten minutes. 标志词：tomorrow、next week/month/year、in a few days、soon、in the future。一个高频陷阱——when、if、before、until等引导的时间或条件状语从句里，用一般现在时表将来（主将从现）：I’ll tell him when he comes back.（绝不能说when he will come） 【即时练】 5. We ________ (have) a sports meeting next month if it doesn’t rain. 6. — Are you going to the party? — Yes, I ________ (go) with my best friend. 想一想：第5题主句和 if 从句各用什么时态？这就是“主将从现”，把这组时态圈出来记住。 （四）现在进行时与过去进行时：抓住"正在进行的那一刻" 现在进行时=am/is/are+doing，表此刻正在进行的动作，标志词now、look、listen、at present、these days。过去进行时=was/were+doing，表过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，常配when、while、at that moment、at 8 o’clock yesterday。两者都可能带刺：进行时也可表按计划发生的位移动作（见（三））；过去进行时与一般过去时组成经典句式"was doing when did"——正做某事时，另一件事突然发生。 【即时练】 7. Listen! Someone ________ (sing) in the next room. 8. At this time yesterday, we ________ (have) an English class. 想一想：Look! 和 at this time yesterday 都提示“正在进行”，区别只在现在还是过去。你的 was/were 和 is/are 选对了吗？ （五）现在完成时：讲"过去的动作，现在仍有影响" 现在完成时=have/has+done，核心是"过去的动作对现在产生影响"，或"从过去一直持续到现在"。标志词分三类：①已完成的信号：already、yet、just、ever、never；②持续的信号：since（+过去时间点）、for（+时间段）；③累计的信号：so far、up to now、in the past few years、recently、over the last two years。它把"过去"和"现在"接起来，这正是它和一般过去时最大的不同。 【即时练】 9. So far, we ________ (plant) more than 500 trees. 10. He ________ (not finish) his homework yet. 想一想：so far 和 yet 都是完成时的信号，你填的时候主语单复数查了吗？has 还是 have？ （六）现在完成时 vs 一般过去时：何时"非此即彼" 这是时态题的“终极大考”，也是区分度最高的一题。一把尺子就够：这个动作是否与“现在”有关系？有关系（影响仍在/持续到现在）→现在完成时；无关系（纯属对过去的陈述）→一般过去时。 对比着记：I have lost my key.（现在进不了门，影响在）I lost my key yesterday.（陈述过去，后来找到了）再看高频陷阱：come、leave、begin、die、marry 这类瞬间动词，不能与 for/since“持续多久”连用，得换成延续性动词——“他来这里三年了”要说 He has been here for three years.，绝不说 He has come here for three years. 【即时练】 11. — Is Tom in the office? — No, he ________ (leave) for Shanghai. 12. I ________ (see) the film twice, but I want to see it again. 想一想：这两题都该用现在完成而不能用一般过去——一个“人不在、影响在”，一个“看过两次还想看”。你能说出为什么吗？ （七）三步定位法：把时态变成"对号入座" 把上面六块收成一个可执行的方法。拿到任何一句含谓语动词的句子，只问三步—— 第1步，找时间词。句里有没有yesterday、now、since、tomorrow、look、then这类显性标志词？有，直接锁定对应时态。 第2步，没显性标志词就看上下文。前后句的时态、语篇叙述的起点在哪，这个动作发生在它之前、同时还是之后？据此定"时"。 第3步，回扣主被动。时态定好之后，扫一眼主语与动词是主动还是被动关系（被动语态详讲见第18讲），别把主动写成被动。 口诀：先找词、再看上下文、最后查主被动。三步走完，时态题不再靠猜。 四、实战运用·把方法用进语篇 （一）精读语篇·人类探索太空 读下面短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空（必要时需加助动词），使短文通顺、连贯。每空限填一词。 Since the middle of the last century, mankind 1.________(dream) of sending humans beyond the Earth. In 1961, the Soviet astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first man to travel into space. Eight years later, the American Neil Armstrong 2.________(set) foot on the moon, and his famous words were heard around the world. Those two great moments 3.________(inspire) countless young people ever since. Today, astronauts live and work on the International Space Station, where they 4.________(carry) out scientific experiments day after day. So far, China 5.________(send) several astronauts into space, and the Chinese space station has been in operation since 2021. Life in space is hard: because of little gravity, muscles grow weak, so the astronauts 6.________(require) to exercise every day. They also have to recycle water and store food, otherwise they 7.________(not survive) long. Some people argue that space exploration wastes money, but the returns are clear. For example, GPS, which we use to find our way, 8.________(develop) from space research. In my view, as long as we keep exploring, we 9.________(open) up new possibilities for the future. China’s space programme is young, but it 10.________(grow) stronger year by year. 自查提示：填完这一篇，用三步定位法把10空逐个过一遍：时间词在哪？上下文参照在哪？主被动查了吗？卡住的空标个记号，正是你下一步要补的地方。 （二）写作挖空·My Understanding of Space Exploration 下面是一篇"我对太空探索的理解"征文，已挖空。请用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，把这篇小短文补全，练的正是"时态+词形"的合体。 My Understanding of Space Exploration In my opinion, space exploration 1.________(be) crucial for the progress and development of mankind, laying the foundation for future technological advancements and scientific 2.________(discover). First of all, it 3.________(expand) our understanding of the universe and its origin, contributing significantly to advancements in astronomy. In addition, it 4.________(drive) technological innovation and 5.________(improve) our everyday lives. These innovations 6.________(enable) us to predict and respond to natural disasters more effectively, saving countless lives. Lastly, space exploration 7.________(offer) prospects for the utilization of future resources vital to humanity’s long-term 8.________(survive). The benefits of space exploration are integrated into our daily lives. For example, when we go to an unfamiliar place, we always turn to GPS for help, and this is one of the 9.________(achieve) of space exploration. In a word, by investing in space exploration, we 10.________(pave) the way for a brighter future. 写作用挖空练的不是"背单词"，而是逼你在真实句子里做"时态+词形"双线判断：先看主语定"数"和"时"，再决定是原形、加s还是变名词。这就是三步定位法在写作里的落地。 五、分层练习·三级台阶 练习按难度分三档，先基础热身、再真题进阶、最后语篇闯关，从易到难层层加码。 【基础层】单句语法填空（时态基本功） 1. I ________ (wash) my hair when the telephone rang. 2. By the time he arrived, the train ________ (leave). 3. Look! The children ________ (fly) kites over there. 4. We ________ (visit) the museum next Friday. 5. She ________ (teach) English in this school since 2015. 6. The earth ________ (go) around the sun. 7. They ________ (have) supper at seven last night. 8. My brother ________ (read) a novel in the study now. 自查三问：8道基础题，是你对六大时态的第一遍摸底。做完逐题问一句：我是靠标志词锁定的，还是靠上下文推出来的？ 【中档层】真题单句（时态判定与易混取舍） 1. Jack ________ (work) in the lab when the power cut occurred. 2. This led to the reappearance of the city that ________ (sink) decades before without any prior investigations. 3. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs. 4. Henry ________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 5. Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ (deliver) his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first. 6. On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire; they ________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party. 7. In the past decades, efforts ________ (make) by the district to preserve this signature folk dance culture. 8. — Where are the children? — They ________ (lie) on the grass, watching the stars. 自查三问：这8道真题单句是区分度所在——过去完成、将来完成、现在完成被动都藏在这里。哪一空让你犹豫最久，就回看对应小节。 【挑战层】语篇语法填空（时态综合运用） 读下面短文，用所给词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 When I was a child, I 1.________(dream) of becoming an astronaut. Every night I looked up at the stars and asked myself: "Will I ever fly there?" My father, an engineer, often 2.________(tell) me stories about rockets and satellites. Last summer, our class 3.________(visit) the space museum, where I saw a real rocket for the first time. Since then, I 4.________(read) every book about space I can find. Now I 5.________(study) hard every day, because I know that knowledge is the key to my dream. Next year, I 6.________(take) the entrance exam, and I believe I will do my best. By the time I grow up, science 7.________(develop) so fast that space travel may become common. Who knows? Maybe one day I 8.________(walk) on the moon. At that moment, I 9.________(look) back and feel proud that I never gave up. My dream, simple as it is, 10.________(mean) the world to me. 自查提示：这篇“航天梦”把六种时态装进同一个叙事，考验你在同一段里来回切换“过去、现在、将来”的参照能力。卡壳的空，往往就是三步定位法第2步“看上下文”用得最少的地方。 六、带走型收尾·把方法带走 【时态三步口诀】 先找时间词，再看上下文，最后查主被动；过去完成看"更早"，将来完成看"到某时"，进行时抓住"那一刻"。 【本讲自检清单】 学完这一讲，请你合上讲义自检—— ① 我能背出六大时态的典型标志词吗？（每个至少说两个） ② 现在完成时和一般过去时，我能不能用"是否与现在有关"这把尺子当场判断一句？ ③ "was doing when did"和"主将从现"这两个句式，我能在自己造的句子里用对吗？ ④ 语篇语法填空里，我能不能靠前后句的时间参照推出动词时态？ 三处以上做不到，请回看对应小节重练；都能做到，恭喜，第18讲"语态与主谓一致"在等你。 七、课后作业·独立巩固 课后作业是一套独立完成的巩固题：先做单句，再啃语篇，完成后把卡点标在题旁，下节课带着问题讲评。 一、单句语法填空（时态） 1. Look at the dark clouds! It ________ (rain) soon. 2. By the end of last month, we ________ (complete) two thirds of the project. 3. He ________ (wait) for the bus when I saw him yesterday. 4. The population of our city ________ (grow) rapidly in recent years. 5. I ________ (finish) reading the book by the time you come back. 6. While she ________ (do) the dishes, the phone rang. 二、语篇语法填空（时态综合） 读下面短文，用所给词的适当形式填空。 Last weekend, my classmates and I 1.________(visit) the city’s space science center, where we watched a film about the history of space exploration. The guide told us that people 2.________(try) to fly since ancient times, but it was not until the 20th century that they 3.________(succeed). As we walked around, I 4.________(be) deeply moved by the stories of the astronauts. "By 2030," the guide said, "more Chinese astronauts 5.________(work) on our own space station." Now I often 6.________(think) about that day, and I believe that if I 7.________(study) hard, my dream will come true. Next month, I 8.________(take) part in a science competition about space. I have decided that I 9.________(prepare) for it carefully. By the time the competition comes, I 10.________(get) everything ready. 做完后逐空问一句“我卡在标志词还是上下文参照上”，把卡点标在题旁，下节课带着问题来。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $