【周周有招】同步登顶班讲义第18讲（被动语态总漏be）2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

该初中英语讲义以“两查法”为核心框架系统整合被动语态与主谓一致知识，通过分模块梳理被动语态构成及时态变形、主动表被动规则、主谓一致语法与意义一致等要点，结合“现场练”和口诀呈现知识脉络，突出被动漏be、a/the number of等重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“两查法”方法指导与分层练习设计，热身翻车题诊断典型错误，语篇填空（如中国航天成就）结合真实话题，写作挖空强化应用，阶梯闯关分基础、进阶、冲刺档。通过语法逻辑判断培养思维品质，在语篇应用中提升语言能力，自检口诀和课后巩固支持学生自主复习，助力教师实施精准分层教学。

Unit 4 Space Exploration 精品讲义2026秋九年级（上册）英语-新教材人教版 第18讲 谓语动词之语态与主谓一致 语法讲练（教师版） 语法课 ● 被动语态与主谓一致两查法 一、开场定位 【课时安排】 第17讲我们把谓语动词的"时"啃透了，这一讲解决剩下的两件事："态"（语态）与"数"（主谓一致）。时态管"什么时候"，语态管"主动还是被动"，主谓一致管"谓语跟着主语走"。三者合起来，谓语动词才算过关。本讲建议1课时（45分钟）；核心精讲的六个点建议讲练各半，写作挖空与挑战语篇可视学情取舍。 【学习目标】 这一讲结束，你要能—— 1. 说出被动语态的基本构成（be+过去分词），并会按时态、情态换用be的正确形式（is done、was done、will be done、is being done、has been done、can be done）。 2. 分清哪些词没有被动形式（不及物动词），掌握need doing=need to be done这类"主动表被动"。 3. 用"两查法"处理含被动语态与主谓一致的语法填空：先判主被动、再查数一致，并说得出依据。 考点挂钩：被动语态与主谓一致在语法填空里几乎年年报到，且常与时态"三合一"同考；写作里"漏be""数不一致"是最普遍的扣分点，登顶班要在这里拿满。 二、热身撞墙·四道翻车题 这四题是历届尖子生最容易翻车的典型，先自己填，再对答案，找找你错在哪一步。 1. The Great Wall ________ (build) over two thousand years ago. 2. The flowers need ________ (water). 3. Neither of the two answers ________ (be) correct. 4. A number of students ________ (be) interested in space, while the number of them in our school ________ (be) small. 【答案与解析】 1. was built。长城是"被建造"的，过去被动；很多人只写built、漏了be，这是被动语态第一坑。2. watering / to be watered。need doing=need to be done，主动形式表被动。3. is。neither of+复数名词，谓语仍用单数。4. are / is。a number of+复数=许多，谓语用复数；the number of+复数=……的数量，谓语用单数。一对老冤家，本讲第（四）小节细拆。 四道题对应四类病：①被动漏be；②主动表被动；③neither of主谓一致；④a number of与the number of。踩过坑，下面的方法才有用武之地。 三、核心精讲·语态与主谓两查法 本节把六块讲透，讲一块练一块，最后收成"两查法"。 （一）被动语态的构成与"为什么被动" 被动语态表示"主语是动作的承受者"，构成是be+过去分词，be随主语和时态变化。先用中文直觉感受：桌子是我搬的（主动，I moved the table），桌子被搬了（被动，The table was moved）。判断技巧：把动词还原成主动语态，看主语是"发动作的人"还是"承受动作的人"——承受，就是被动。语法填空里最常见的失分是"漏be"：只写了过去分词、忘了前面的be，整句就散了。 【现场练】 1. The bridge ________ (repair) now. 2. The letter ________ (write) by my father last night. 答案与解析： 1. is being repaired。桥"正在被修"，现在进行被动；be用is，分词用being+repaired。2. was written。信"被写"，last night过去，一般过去被动；by my father是施动者信号。 （二）被动语态的各时态变形 被动=各时态的be+过去分词。记一条主干：**be的时态+done**。对照着背—— 一般现在 is/am/are+done；一般过去 was/were+done；一般将来 will be+done；现在进行 is/am/are being+done；现在完成 has/have been+done；情态 can/must/should be+done。 举例："正在被修"=is being repaired；"已经被建成"=has been built；"明天会被送去"=will be sent。见到by引导的施动者，先想到被动。 【现场练】 3. So far, the museum ________ (visit) by thousands of students. 4. The task must ________ (finish) before sunset. 答案与解析： 3. has been visited。so far表累计，"博物馆被参观"，现在完成被动。4. be finished。must+被动=must be done，任务"必须被完成"，用原形be finished。 （三）双宾语与主动表被动 带双宾语的动词（give、lend、hand、show、pass），被动有两种写法：The teacher gave us some books.→We were given some books.（人作主语，更常用）；或Some books were given to us.（物作主语，记得补to）。 主动表被动的两条铁律：①need/want/require doing=need to be done：The flowers need watering.=The flowers need to be watered.②sell、wash、read、write等动词带well/easily时用主动：This book sells well.、The cloth washes easily. 再加一条纪律：不及物动词（happen、appear、rise、last、belong to）没有被动语态。事故"发生"只能说happen，不能说be happened。 【现场练】 5. These shoes ________ (sell) well in the market. 6. The room needs ________ (clean). 答案与解析： 5. sell。sells well表"卖得好"，主动表被动，不加be。6. cleaning。need cleaning=need to be cleaned，主动形式表被动；也可填to be cleaned。 （四）主谓一致之语法一致（看主语的"数"） 主谓一致的核心一句话：**谓语在"数"上跟主语一致**。先记最要命的几条—— ①and连接并列主语用复数：Rice and meat are my favorites.；但each...and each...或受every/no修饰时用单数：Each boy and each girl has a chance. ②everyone、everybody、someone、nobody、each、either、neither等不定代词→单数。 ③a number of+复数=许多，用复数；the number of+复数=……的数量，用单数。中考最爱考这一对。 ④非谓语、从句、不定式作主语→单数：Learning English takes time.；What he said is true. 【现场练】 7. The number of students in our class ________ (be) 50. 8. A number of trees ________ (plant) along the road last spring. 答案与解析： 7. is。the number of表示"……的数量"，谓语单数。8. were planted。a number of表"许多"，谓语复数；且树是"被种"，过去被动were planted。 （五）主谓一致之就近与意义 就近原则：either...or、neither...nor、not only...but also、there be结构，谓语与离它最近的主语一致。Neither you nor he is right.（靠近he，用is）；Not only the teacher but also the students were invited.（靠近students，用were） 意义一致（形单意复/形复意单）：the police是复数（The police are...）；news、information不可数用单数（The news is...）；金钱、时间、距离作整体用单数（Two hours is enough.、Ten dollars is a small sum.） 【现场练】 9. There ________ (be) a pen and two books on the desk. 10. Not only Tom but also his friends ________ (be) going to the museum. 答案与解析： 9. is。there be就近原则，靠近a pen单数，用is。10. are。not only...but also就近，靠近his friends复数，用are。 （六）两查法总结 把语态与主谓合成一个可执行的方法——两查法： 第1查，查语态。这个动作是主语发出的（主动）还是落在主语身上的（被动）？被动就套"be+done"，be别漏，再核对be用哪个时态。 第2查，查一致。主语是单数还是复数？被"a number of / the number of""each / every""neither...nor"哪条规则管？据此定动词形式。 口诀：先判主被动，再查数一致；be别漏，数别错。两查做完，整句再读一遍语感。 四、实战检验·语篇与写作 （一）精读语篇·中国航天成就 读下面短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空（必要时需加助动词），使短文通顺、连贯。每空限填一词。 China’s space industry has made great progress in recent years. In 2003, Yang Liwei became the first Chinese astronaut to travel into space, and since then many more astronauts 1.________(send) into space. Today, Chinese rockets 2.________(launch) regularly, carrying satellites into orbit. Our space station, the Tiangong, 3.________(build) step by step, and by 2023 it 4.________(complete) as a three-module station. Every year, dozens of scientific experiments 5.________(carry) out on board. The Chang’e missions, named after a goddess in Chinese legends, 6.________(be) a great success; the far side of the moon 7.________(reach) by Chang’e-4 in 2019. Each of these missions 8.________(require) years of hard work by thousands of scientists. In my opinion, the achievements should not 9.________(measure) only by fame, because every step forward 10.________(support) by the efforts of ordinary people. 【答案】 1. have been sent 2. are launched 3. has been built 4. had been completed 5. are carried 6. have been 7. was reached 8. requires 9. be measured 10. is supported 【解析】 1. have been sent。since then"自那以来"，现在完成；宇航员"被送入"，用被动have been sent。2. are launched。today常规事实，火箭"被发射"，一般现在被动。3. has been built。step by step表"一步步至今"，现在完成；空间站"被建造"，被动。4. had been completed。by 2023表"到2023年时已经"，相对过去已完成，过去完成被动。5. are carried。every year常规，实验"被开展"，一般现在被动。6. have been。the Chang’e missions是复数主语，现在完成主动，a great success作表语。7. was reached。in 2019过去时间，月球背面"被抵达"，一般过去被动。8. requires。each of+复数名词，谓语单数，一般现在requires。9. be measured。should+被动，成就"不应被衡量"，be measured。10. is supported。every step单数，且"被支撑"，一般现在被动is supported。 这篇语篇十空里被动占了大半，主谓一致藏在each of、复数主语和every step里——正好练"两查法"：先判主动被动，再查主语单复。 （二）写作挖空·我为中国航天点赞 下面是一篇"我为中国航天点赞"的短文，已挖空。请用所给词的适当形式填空，把短文补全。 China’s space achievements make me proud. Every day, Chinese satellites 1.________(use) by people all over the country for navigation and communication. A number of space technologies 2.________(develop) in recent years, and they have changed our lives. For example, the BeiDou navigation system, which 3.________(build) with great effort, now serves the whole world. Each of these achievements 4.________(remember) by history. As a student, I think our dreams should not only 5.________(support) by hope but also by hard work. In the future, more Chinese young people 6.________(encourage) to explore space, and I hope I am one of them. Space, with all its mysteries, 7.________(fill) me with wonder. Neither money nor fame 8.________(be) the only goal of space exploration; what matters most is the spirit of never giving up. In a word, China’s space programme 9.________(admire) by the world, and I am proud that my country 10.________(lead) the way. 【答案】 1. are used 2. have been developed 3. was built 4. is remembered 5. be supported 6. will be encouraged 7. fills 8. is 9. is admired 10. is leading 【解析】 1. are used。卫星"被使用"，一般现在被动，主语复数。2. have been developed。in recent years现在完成，技术"被研发"，被动。3. was built。北斗"被建成"是过去事实，过去被动。4. is remembered。each of+复数→单数，且"被历史铭记"，被动is remembered。5. be supported。should not only+被动，梦想"被支撑"，be supported。6. will be encouraged。in the future将来，"年轻人将被鼓励"，将来被动。7. fills。space单数主语，主动三单fills；with all its mysteries是插入语，别被它迷惑。8. is。neither...nor就近，靠近fame单数，用is。9. is admired。"被世界钦佩"，一般现在被动。10. is leading。my country单数，现在进行is leading，表"正领跑"。 写作挖空练的是"两查法"的合体：卫星被用→被动；each of→单数；neither...nor→就近；插入语别上当。这些正是写作里最能拉开分差的点。 五、阶梯闯关·三档检验 由易到难三档，答案紧贴题后，练完即时核对。 【基础关】单句语法填空（被动与主谓基本功） 1. The bridge ________ (build) in 2020 and it is still in use today. 2. These computers ________ (make) in Shenzhen. 3. The work ________ (finish) by next Monday, I hope. 4. English ________ (speak) by more and more people in the world. 5. Each of the students ________ (have) a chance to ask questions. 6. The number of wild animals ________ (become) smaller and smaller. 7. A lot of trees ________ (plant) on the hill last spring. 8. Either you or he ________ (be) going to give the report. 答案与解析： 1. was built。过去时间in 2020，桥"被建"，过去被动。2. are made。电脑"被制造"，一般现在被动。3. will be finished。by next Monday将来，工作"被完成"，将来被动。4. is spoken。英语"被说"，一般现在被动，主语English单数。5. has。each of+复数→单数，主动三单has。6. becomes。the number of→单数，一般现在三单becomes。7. were planted。last spring过去，树"被种"，过去被动。8. is。either...or就近，靠近he单数，用is。 【进阶关】真题单句（语态+主谓易混判定） 1. A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang ________ (put) up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. 2. It would help even more if they could sometimes ________ (offer) in smaller packs. 3. The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past, ________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here. 4. The money will ________ (distribute) over a four-year period and is aimed at helping about 1,000 homeless people. 5. Today, the time-honored folk art of the Jingxi Taiping Drum ________ (take) up by the young people and is presenting its lively charm on a global stage. 6. Currently, about 35,000 works ________ (display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre. 7. Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he ________ (offer) jobs by a dozen computer companies. 8. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road. 答案与解析： 1. was put。in 2017过去，雕像"被立起"，过去被动。2. be offered。could+被动=could be offered，物品"被提供"。3. means。主语the remarkable development of this city是单数核心，插入语which...不影响，谓语三单means。4. be distributed。will+被动，钱"将被分配"，be distributed。5. is being taken。现在进行被动，"正被年轻人传承"，is being taken。6. are being displayed。currently现在，"正被展出"，现在进行被动，主语works复数。7. had been offered。by the time he graduated表"毕业前已完成"，他"被提供"工作，过去完成被动。8. walks。主语the Silk Route Garden单数，主动三单walks，引导游客。 【冲刺关】语篇语法填空（两查法综合运用） 读下面短文，用所给词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Have you ever eaten a tomato that 1.________(grow) from a space seed? In recent years, thousands of seeds 2.________(carry) into space by Chinese rockets and then brought back to Earth. After such a journey, the seeds 3.________(select) carefully, and the best ones 4.________(develop) into new varieties. Every year, many experiments 5.________(do) on the space station to test how plants grow without gravity, and the results 6.________(share) with farmers all over the country. A number of new vegetables 7.________(already plant) in the fields, and the number of such fields 8.________(grow) year by year. Neither the scientists nor the farmers 9.________(be) sure what the next experiment will bring, but they keep trying. Each of these crops 10.________(bring) hope to our farmers, and we all look forward to a better harvest. 【答案】 1. was grown 2. have been carried 3. are selected 4. are developed 5. are done 6. are shared 7. have already been planted 8. is growing（或grows） 9. are 10. brings 【解析】 1. was grown。西红柿"被种出来"，a tomato that是单数，过去被动。2. have been carried。in recent years现在完成，种子"被带上太空"，被动。3. are selected。种子"被挑选"，一般现在被动。4. are developed。最好的种子"被培育成新品种"，被动。5. are done。实验"被做"，一般现在被动。6. are shared。结果"被分享"，被动。7. have already been planted。already+现在完成，"已被种植"，被动；a number of→复数。8. is growing。the number of→单数，"数量在增长"，现在进行更传神。9. are。neither...nor就近，靠近farmers复数，用are。10. brings。each of+复数→单数，主动三单brings。 这一篇把被动（大半）和主谓一致（a number of、the number of、neither...nor、each of）全塞进"太空蔬菜"的真实话题里，是"两查法"最完整的一次实战。 六、收尾带走·两查法口诀 【两查法口诀】 先判主被动，再查数一致；be别漏，数别错；neither...nor看就近，a/the number of分单复；need doing表被动，不及物动词无被动。 【离场自检】 合上讲义，对自己说清五件事—— ① 被动语态的构成是什么？六种时态/情态下的be怎么变？ ② 哪三类词要防"主动表被动"？举一个need doing的例子。 ③ a number of与the number of，谓语分别用什么数？ ④ each of、either...or、there be、the police、Two hours，各用什么数？ ⑤ 拿到一空，我能先判主被动、再查数一致吗？ 五条都过，谓语动词"时—态—数"三关全通；有卡壳，回看对应小节，第18讲圆满收官。 七、课后独立巩固 课后作业为独立完成的巩固题：先单句、再语篇，做完对照答案自评，下节课讲评。 一、单句语法填空（被动与主谓） 1. The classroom ________ (clean) by the students every day. 2. A new library ________ (build) in our school last year. 3. The homework must ________ (hand) in before Friday. 4. The number of volunteers ________ (be) over three hundred. 5. Each of the books ________ (cost) five yuan. 6. Neither my parents nor my teacher ________ (agree) with me. 二、语篇语法填空（两查法综合） 读下面短文，用所给词的适当形式填空。 BeiDou, China’s own navigation system, 1.________(build) up over the past decades. Today, its signals 2.________(use) by people in more than 100 countries. On every smart phone, BeiDou services 3.________(provide) without extra cost, and many cars 4.________(equip) with BeiDou chips. A number of trucks 5.________(already guide) by it every day, and the number of users 6.________(rise) quickly. Not only the drivers but also the passengers 7.________(benefit) from the accurate routes. Each of these improvements 8.________(make) life easier, and more services 9.________(offer) in the near future. In short, BeiDou 10.________(regard) as one of China’s greatest inventions. 【答案】 单句：1. is cleaned 2. was built 3. be handed 4. is 5. costs 6. agrees 语篇：1. has been built 2. are used 3. are provided 4. are equipped 5. are already guided 6. is rising（或rises） 7. benefit 8. makes 9. will be offered 10. is regarded 【解析】 单句：1. is cleaned。教室"被清扫"，every day一般现在被动。2. was built。last year过去，图书馆"被建"，过去被动。3. be handed。must+被动=must be handed in，作业"被上交"。4. is。the number of→单数。5. costs。each of+复数→单数，主动三单costs。6. agrees。neither...nor就近，靠近my teacher单数，用agrees。 语篇：1. has been built。over the past decades现在完成，"北斗被建设"，被动。2. are used。信号"被使用"，一般现在被动。3. are provided。服务"被提供"，一般现在被动，主语复数。4. are equipped。汽车"被配备"北斗芯片，被动。5. are already guided。卡车"被引导"，already+一般现在被动。6. is rising。the number of→单数，"用户数量在快速增长"。7. benefit。not only...but also就近，靠近the passengers复数，主动原形benefit。8. makes。each of→单数，主动三单makes。9. will be offered。in the near future将来，服务"将被提供"，将来被动。10. is regarded。北斗"被看作"中国伟大发明之一，一般现在被动。 完成后逐空问一句：这空我卡在"判主被动"还是"查数一致"？把卡点标在题旁，下节课带着问题来。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Space Exploration 精品讲义2026秋九年级（上册）英语-新教材人教版 第18讲 谓语动词之语态与主谓一致 语法讲练（学生版） 语法课 ● 被动语态与主谓一致两查法 ——————————————————————————————— 一、开场定位 【课时安排】 第17讲我们把谓语动词的“时”啃透了，这一讲解决剩下的两件事：“态”（语态）与“数”（主谓一致）。时态管“什么时候”，语态管“主动还是被动”，主谓一致管“谓语跟着主语走”。三者合起来，谓语动词才算过关。本讲建议1课时（45分钟）；核心精讲的六个点建议讲练各半，写作挖空与挑战语篇可视学情取舍。 【学习目标】 这一讲结束，你要能—— 1. 说出被动语态的基本构成（be+过去分词），并会按时态、情态换用be的正确形式（is done、was done、will be done、is being done、has been done、can be done）。 2. 分清哪些词没有被动形式（不及物动词），掌握need doing=need to be done这类“主动表被动”。 3. 用“两查法”处理含被动语态与主谓一致的语法填空：先判主被动、再查数一致，并说得出依据。 考点挂钩：被动语态与主谓一致在语法填空里几乎年年报到，且常与时态“三合一”同考；写作里“漏be”“数不一致”是最普遍的扣分点，登顶班要在这里拿满。 二、热身撞墙·四道翻车题 这四题是历届尖子生最容易翻车的典型。先自己填，卡在哪一步，就回到对应小节，把这一步的判据写在题旁。 1. The Great Wall ________ (build) over two thousand years ago. 2. The flowers need ________ (water). 3. Neither of the two answers ________ (be) correct. 4. A number of students ________ (be) interested in space, while the number of them in our school ________ (be) small. 四道题对应四类病：①被动漏be；②主动表被动；③neither of主谓一致；④a number of与the number of。踩过坑，下面的方法才有用武之地。 三、核心精讲·语态与主谓两查法 本节把六块讲透，讲一块练一块，最后收成“两查法”。 （一）被动语态的构成与“为什么被动” 被动语态表示“主语是动作的承受者”，构成是be+过去分词，be随主语和时态变化。先用中文直觉感受：桌子是我搬的（主动，I moved the table），桌子被搬了（被动，The table was moved）。判断技巧：把动词还原成主动语态，看主语是“发动作的人”还是“承受动作的人”——承受，就是被动。语法填空里最常见的失分是“漏be”：只写了过去分词、忘了前面的be，整句就散了。 【现场练】 1. The bridge ________ (repair) now. 2. The letter ________ (write) by my father last night. （二）被动语态的各时态变形 被动=各时态的be+过去分词。记一条主干：be的时态+done。对照着背—— 一般现在 is/am/are+done；一般过去 was/were+done；一般将来 will be+done；现在进行 is/am/are being+done；现在完成 has/have been+done；情态 can/must/should be+done。 举例：“正在被修”=is being repaired；“已经被建成”=has been built；“明天会被送去”=will be sent。见到by引导的施动者，先想到被动。 【现场练】 3. So far, the museum ________ (visit) by thousands of students. 4. The task must ________ (finish) before sunset. （三）双宾语与主动表被动 带双宾语的动词（give、lend、hand、show、pass），被动有两种写法：The teacher gave us some books.→We were given some books.（人作主语，更常用）；或Some books were given to us.（物作主语，记得补to）。 主动表被动的两条铁律：①need/want/require doing=need to be done：The flowers need watering.=The flowers need to be watered.②sell、wash、read、write等动词带well/easily时用主动：This book sells well.、The cloth washes easily. 再加一条纪律：不及物动词（happen、appear、rise、last、belong to）没有被动语态。事故“发生”只能说happen，不能说be happened。 【现场练】 5. These shoes ________ (sell) well in the market. 6. The room needs ________ (clean). （四）主谓一致之语法一致（看主语的“数”） 主谓一致的核心一句话：谓语在“数”上跟主语一致。先记最要命的几条—— ①and连接并列主语用复数：Rice and meat are my favorites.；但each...and each...或受every/no修饰时用单数：Each boy and each girl has a chance. ②everyone、everybody、someone、nobody、each、either、neither等不定代词→单数。 ③a number of+复数=许多，用复数；the number of+复数=……的数量，用单数。中考最爱考这一对。 ④非谓语、从句、不定式作主语→单数：Learning English takes time.；What he said is true. 【现场练】 7. The number of students in our class ________ (be) 50. 8. A number of trees ________ (plant) along the road last spring. （五）主谓一致之就近与意义 就近原则：either...or、neither...nor、not only...but also、there be结构，谓语与离它最近的主语一致。Neither you nor he is right.（靠近he，用is）；Not only the teacher but also the students were invited.（靠近students，用were） 意义一致（形单意复/形复意单）：the police是复数（The police are...）；news、information不可数用单数（The news is...）；金钱、时间、距离作整体用单数（Two hours is enough.、Ten dollars is a small sum.） 【现场练】 9. There ________ (be) a pen and two books on the desk. 10. Not only Tom but also his friends ________ (be) going to the museum. （六）两查法总结 把语态与主谓合成一个可执行的方法——两查法： 第1查，查语态。这个动作是主语发出的（主动）还是落在主语身上的（被动）？被动就套“be+done”，be别漏，再核对be用哪个时态。 第2查，查一致。主语是单数还是复数？被“a number of / the number of”“each / every”“neither...nor”哪条规则管？据此定动词形式。 口诀：先判主被动，再查数一致；be别漏，数别错。两查做完，整句再读一遍语感。 四、实战检验·语篇与写作 （一）精读语篇·中国航天成就 读下面短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空（必要时需加助动词），使短文通顺、连贯。每空限填一词。 China’s space industry has made great progress in recent years. In 2003, Yang Liwei became the first Chinese astronaut to travel into space, and since then many more astronauts 1.________(send) into space. Today, Chinese rockets 2.________(launch) regularly, carrying satellites into orbit. Our space station, the Tiangong, 3.________(build) step by step, and by 2023 it 4.________(complete) as a three-module station. Every year, dozens of scientific experiments 5.________(carry) out on board. The Chang’e missions, named after a goddess in Chinese legends, 6.________(be) a great success; the far side of the moon 7.________(reach) by Chang’e-4 in 2019. Each of these missions 8.________(require) years of hard work by thousands of scientists. In my opinion, the achievements should not 9.________(measure) only by fame, because every step forward 10.________(support) by the efforts of ordinary people. 这篇语篇十空里被动占了大半，主谓一致藏在each of、复数主语和every step里——正好练“两查法”：先判主动被动，再查主语单复。 （二）写作挖空·我为中国航天点赞 下面是一篇“我为中国航天点赞”的短文，已挖空。请用所给词的适当形式填空，把短文补全。 China’s space achievements make me proud. Every day, Chinese satellites 1.________(use) by people all over the country for navigation and communication. A number of space technologies 2.________(develop) in recent years, and they have changed our lives. For example, the BeiDou navigation system, which 3.________(build) with great effort, now serves the whole world. Each of these achievements 4.________(remember) by history. As a student, I think our dreams should not only 5.________(support) by hope but also by hard work. In the future, more Chinese young people 6.________(encourage) to explore space, and I hope I am one of them. Space, with all its mysteries, 7.________(fill) me with wonder. Neither money nor fame 8.________(be) the only goal of space exploration; what matters most is the spirit of never giving up. In a word, China’s space programme 9.________(admire) by the world, and I am proud that my country 10.________(lead) the way. 写作挖空练的是“两查法”的合体：卫星被用→被动；each of→单数；neither...nor→就近；插入语别上当。这些正是写作里最能拉开分差的点。 五、阶梯闯关·三档检验 由易到难三档。练完一档，自己核一档的判据，卡住就回看对应小节。 【基础关】单句语法填空（被动与主谓基本功） 1. The bridge ________ (build) in 2020 and it is still in use today. 2. These computers ________ (make) in Shenzhen. 3. The work ________ (finish) by next Monday, I hope. 4. English ________ (speak) by more and more people in the world. 5. Each of the students ________ (have) a chance to ask questions. 6. The number of wild animals ________ (become) smaller and smaller. 7. A lot of trees ________ (plant) on the hill last spring. 8. Either you or he ________ (be) going to give the report. 【进阶关】真题单句（语态+主谓易混判定） 1. A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang ________ (put) up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. 2. It would help even more if they could sometimes ________ (offer) in smaller packs. 3. The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past, ________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here. 4. The money will ________ (distribute) over a four-year period and is aimed at helping about 1,000 homeless people. 5. Today, the time-honored folk art of the Jingxi Taiping Drum ________ (take) up by the young people and is presenting its lively charm on a global stage. 6. Currently, about 35,000 works ________ (display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre. 7. Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he ________ (offer) jobs by a dozen computer companies. 8. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road. 【冲刺关】语篇语法填空（两查法综合运用） 读下面短文，用所给词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Have you ever eaten a tomato that 1.________(grow) from a space seed? In recent years, thousands of seeds 2.________(carry) into space by Chinese rockets and then brought back to Earth. After such a journey, the seeds 3.________(select) carefully, and the best ones 4.________(develop) into new varieties. Every year, many experiments 5.________(do) on the space station to test how plants grow without gravity, and the results 6.________(share) with farmers all over the country. A number of new vegetables 7.________(already plant) in the fields, and the number of such fields 8.________(grow) year by year. Neither the scientists nor the farmers 9.________(be) sure what the next experiment will bring, but they keep trying. Each of these crops 10.________(bring) hope to our farmers, and we all look forward to a better harvest. 这一篇把被动（大半）和主谓一致（a number of、the number of、neither...nor、each of）全塞进“太空蔬菜”的真实话题里，是“两查法”最完整的一次实战。 六、收尾带走·两查法口诀 【两查法口诀】 先判主被动，再查数一致；be别漏，数别错；neither...nor看就近，a/the number of分单复；need doing表被动，不及物动词无被动。 【离场自检】 合上讲义，对自己说清五件事—— ① 被动语态的构成是什么？六种时态/情态下的be怎么变？ ② 哪三类词要防“主动表被动”？举一个need doing的例子。 ③ a number of与the number of，谓语分别用什么数？ ④ each of、either...or、there be、the police、Two hours，各用什么数？ ⑤ 拿到一空，我能先判主被动、再查数一致吗？ 五条都过，谓语动词“时—态—数”三关全通；有卡壳，回看对应小节，第18讲圆满收官。 七、课后独立巩固 课后作业为独立完成的巩固题：先单句、再语篇，卡住的空把判据标在题旁，下节课讲评。 一、单句语法填空（被动与主谓） 1. The classroom ________ (clean) by the students every day. 2. A new library ________ (build) in our school last year. 3. The homework must ________ (hand) in before Friday. 4. The number of volunteers ________ (be) over three hundred. 5. Each of the books ________ (cost) five yuan. 6. Neither my parents nor my teacher ________ (agree) with me. 二、语篇语法填空（两查法综合） 读下面短文，用所给词的适当形式填空。 BeiDou, China’s own navigation system, 1.________(build) up over the past decades. Today, its signals 2.________(use) by people in more than 100 countries. On every smart phone, BeiDou services 3.________(provide) without extra cost, and many cars 4.________(equip) with BeiDou chips. A number of trucks 5.________(already guide) by it every day, and the number of users 6.________(rise) quickly. Not only the drivers but also the passengers 7.________(benefit) from the accurate routes. Each of these improvements 8.________(make) life easier, and more services 9.________(offer) in the near future. In short, BeiDou 10.________(regard) as one of China’s greatest inventions. 完成后逐空问一句：这空我卡在“判主被动”还是“查数一致”？把卡点标在题旁，下节课带着问题来。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $