周周有招登顶班第十六讲九年级上册Unit5Powerofidea(B)讲义2026-2027学年八升九人教版英语暑假衔接（教师版+学生版）

第十六讲　九上 Unit 5 Power of Idea Section B　How do we turn ideas into reality? 【教师版·精编讲义】 适用年级：八升九暑假衔接　|　教材：人教新目标　|　课型：考点精讲+能力提升 本讲导学 主题概览 本讲围绕 "How do we turn ideas into reality?"（如何将创意变为现实）这一主题展开，探讨从构思到实践的过程。课文中以造纸术的发明与传播为主线，展示了蔡伦如何利用廉价材料将"造纸"这一创意变为改变世界的现实。本讲将系统梳理 depend、responsible、afford、ideal、shape、widely、result in 等高频考点，并配以完形填空与选词填空两大题型实战训练。 本讲重难点速览 1. depend 的三大搭配及派生词辨析 —— 必考搭配题 1. be responsible for 的双重含义 —— 一词双义，常考语境辨析 1. afford 的情态动词连用限制 —— 语法填空题高频陷阱 1. result in / result from 逻辑方向辨析 —— 因果方向题核心考点 1. wide / widely 抽象具象用法区分 —— 形近副词辨析经典题 Part 1　单词加油站 1.1　核心词汇表 序号 单词 音标 词性 释义 考频 1 reality /riˈæləti/ n. 现实；事实 ★★★ 2 papermaking /ˈpeɪpəˌmeɪkɪŋ/ n. 造纸工艺；造纸业 ★★ 3 responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ adj. 有责任的 ★★★★★ 4 rapid /ˈræpɪd/ adj. 迅速的 ★★★ 5 shape /ʃeɪp/ v./n. 塑造；形状 ★★★★ 6 bronze /brɒnz/ n./adj. 青铜（的） ★★ 7 ware /weə(r)/ n. 制品；陶器 ★ 8 stone /stəʊn/ n. 石头；岩石 ★★ 9 fibre /ˈfaɪbə(r)/ n. 纤维；纤维素 ★★ 10 jute /dʒuːt/ n. 黄麻纤维 ★ 11 expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/ adj. 昂贵的 ★★★ 12 officer /ˈɒfɪsə(r)/ n. 官员；高级职员 ★★ 13 workshop /ˈwɜːkʃɒp/ n. 作坊；讲习班 ★★ 14 ideal /aɪˈdɪəl/ adj./n. 理想的；理想 ★★★★ 15 none /nʌn/ pron. 没有一个 ★★★ 16 certain /ˈsɜːtn/ adj. 某些；确定的 ★★★ 17 suitable /ˈsuːtəbl/ adj. 合适的；适宜的 ★★★ 18 liquid /ˈlɪkwɪd/ n./adj. 液体；液体的 ★★ 19 cheap /tʃiːp/ adj. 便宜的 ★★★ 20 creation /kriˈeɪʃn/ n. 创造；作品 ★★★ 21 sticky /ˈstɪki/ adj. 黏（性）的 ★★ 22 production /prəˈdʌkʃn/ n. 生产；制作 ★★★ 23 gradually /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ adv. 逐渐地 ★★★ 24 widely /ˈwaɪdli/ adv. 广泛地；普遍地 ★★★★ 25 glider /ˈɡlaɪdə(r)/ n. 滑翔机 ★ 26 company /ˈkʌmpəni/ n. 公司；剧团 ★★★ 27 afford /əˈfɔːd/ v. 买得起；承担 ★★★★★ 28 birth /bɜːθ/ n. 起源；诞生 ★★★ 29 rapidly /ˈræpɪdli/ adv. 迅速地 ★★★ 30 Arabic /ˈærəbɪk/ adj. 阿拉伯语的 ★ 1.2　重点单词变形 原形 释义 派生词 释义 常考搭配 depend v. 依赖 dependent adj. 依赖的 be dependent on independent adj. 独立的 be independent of create v. 创造 creation n. 创造；作品 a wonderful creation civilize v. 使文明 civilization n. 文明 ancient civilization add v. 添加 addition n. 添加；加法 in addition（此外） rapid adj. 迅速的 rapidly adv. 迅速地 grow / spread rapidly gradual adj. 逐渐的 gradually adv. 逐渐地 change / increase gradually ideal adj. 理想的 ideally adv. 理想地 ideally suited for expensive adj. 昂贵的 inexpensive adj. 价廉的 inexpensive materials responsible adj. 负责的 responsibility n. 责任 take responsibility for 1.3　重点短语 序号 短语 释义 用法提示 1 be interested in 对……感兴趣 后接名词或动名词 2 cut up 切碎 动副短语，代词放中间（cut it up） 3 pour over 倒到……上 over 表"覆盖" 4 to one's surprise 令某人惊讶的是 独立使用，常放句首 5 be responsible for 对……负责；造成 ★ 双重含义 6 later on 后来；其后 同义词：afterwards 7 speed up （使）加速 反义：slow down 8 lead to 导致；造成；通向 后接名词/代词 9 result in 造成；导致 与 result from 区分 10 not...at all 一点儿也不 加强否定语气 11 the number of ……的数目 作主语谓语用单数 12 in the future 在未来 对比：in future"今后" 13 economic development 经济发展 economic 经济的 14 easy to operate 易于操作 主动形式表被动 15 be looking to do sth 寻求做某事 表主动寻求，非"试图" Part 2　考点精讲 2.1　depend　★★★★★ 【考点定位】 中考高频核心词，三年内全国卷考查超50次。主要考查方向：① depend on 搭配 ② dependent / independent 派生词辨析 ③ 独立主格结构中的介词选择。 一、深度拆解 【核心含义】 vi. 依靠；依赖；取决于 【三大搭配结构】 结构 含义 例句 depend on / upon sb / sth 依靠某人/某物；取决于某事 Whether we go out depends on the weather. depend on sb to do sth 依靠某人做某事 We depend on scientists to create new inventions. depend on + 从句 由……决定 Success depends on how hard you work. 【派生词网络】 dependent adj. 依赖的 → be dependent on（介词用 on） independent adj. 独立的 → be independent of（介词用 of，易错点！） dependence n. 依赖 independence n. 独立；自主 【深层辨析】 independent of 为什么用 of 而不用 on？因为 independent 的前缀 in- 表示否定，整个词义为"不依赖"，故搭配介词 of 表示"脱离、脱离于"。 二、经典例题 【题型1：语法填空】 Our life [________] (depend) all kinds of great inventions. 【题型2：词形变换】 Kids are [________] (depend) their parents before they grow up. 【题型3：介词填空】 Young people hope to be independent [________] their families. 【题型4：完成句子】 我们能否造出新机器取决于我们的创意。 Whether we can make new machines [ ] our creative ideas. 三、深度解析 第1题解析： 答案：depends on 步骤：① 识别主语 Our life 为单数第三人称 → 动词加 -s ② 考查固定搭配 depend on ③ 句意"我们的生活依赖于各种伟大发明" 易错点：漏写介词 on；或误将 depend 写成 depending 结论：depend 为不及物动词，必须通过介词 on 接宾语 第2题解析： 答案：dependent on 步骤：① 题干缺形容词作表语（are + adj.） ② depend 的形容词形式为 dependent ③ 固定搭配 be dependent on 易错点：误填 depending（现在分词不能作表语）；或漏写介词 on 结论：depend → dependent（形）→ be dependent on 第3题解析： 答案：of 步骤：① independent 是 dependent 的反义词 ② 搭配 be independent of 表示"不依赖" ③ 与 be dependent on 形成对比 易错点：受 dependent on 影响，误填 on 结论：记忆口诀——"依赖用 on，独立用 of" 第4题解析： 答案：depends on 步骤：① 主语 Whether we can make new machines 为名词性从句，视为单数 ② 一般现在时 ③ 固定搭配 depend on 易错点：主语是从句，误用复数形式 depend 结论：主语为从句/不定式时，谓语动词用单数 四、规律总结 depend 考点规律： 1. 搭配定律：depend 后必须有介词 on/upon，不可直接接宾语 1. 派生词介词定律：dependent → on；independent → of 1. 主谓一致定律：主语是从句或不定式时，depend 用单数 1. 变形顺序：depend(v.) → dependent(adj.依赖的) → independent(adj.独立的) → independence(n.独立) 2.2　responsible　★★★★★ 【考点定位】 中考超高频词，考查频率极高。核心难点在于 be responsible for 的双重含义——既是"对……负责"，又是"造成、导致"。完形填空和语法填空中的语境辨析题常设陷阱。 一、深度拆解 【核心含义】 adj. 有责任的；负责；是……的原因 【双重含义辨析】 用法 含义 例句 识别标志 be responsible for + 职责 对某事负责 You are responsible for cleaning the lab. 主语为人 be responsible for + 结果 造成、导致某事 Cai Lun was responsible for the invention of cheap paper. 主语为事物/人（表贡献） 【拓展词族】 responsibility n. [C/U] 责任；职责 → take responsibility for 为……承担责任 irresponsible adj. 不负责任的（反义词） responsibly adv. 负责地，有责任感地 【语法细节】 be responsible to sb 向某人负责 All workers are responsible to their manager. 二、经典例题 【题型1：词形填空】 Everyone is [________] (responsibility) for protecting our environment. 【题型2：词形填空】 You should take [________] (responsible) for your mistakes. 【题型3：单项选择】 Paper-making [________] the rapid spread of ancient knowledge. A. responsible for　　　B. is responsible for　　　C. responsibility　　　D. is responsibility 【题型4：单项选择】 As a student, you have the [________] to study hard. A. responsible　　　B. irresponsible　　　C. responsibility　　　D. depend 【题型5：翻译（语境辨析）】 The heavy rain was responsible for the traffic jam. （判断此处 responsible for 的含义） 三、深度解析 第1题解析： 答案：responsible 步骤：① is + ______ 缺形容词作表语 ② responsibility 的名词形式需转为形容词 responsible ③ 固定搭配 be responsible for 易错点：误填 responsibility（名词不能作表语） 结论：系动词后接形容词，注意词性转换 第2题解析： 答案：responsibility 步骤：① take 为及物动词，缺宾语 ② 需用名词形式 responsibility ③ 固定搭配 take responsibility for 易错点：误填 responsible（形容词不能作宾语） 结论：take + n.（责任），固定搭配 take responsibility for 第3题解析： 答案：B（is responsible for） 步骤：① 句子缺谓语动词 ② Paper-making 为单数主语 ③ be responsible for 意为"造成、导致" ④ 选项 B 为完整谓语结构 选项排除：A 缺动词；C 是名词；D 搭配错误（is responsibility 语法不通） 易错点：误选 A（responsible for 是短语，不能单独作谓语） 结论：responsible for 作谓语时前面必须有 be 动词 第4题解析： 答案：C（responsibility） 步骤：① have the + ______ 缺名词作宾语 ② the 后接名词 ③ 句意"有责任努力学习" 选项排除：A 形容词、B 形容词、D 动词，均不能放在 the 后 易错点：误选 A（受 have 影响，以为要形容词） 结论：冠词 the 后必须接名词 第5题解析： 答案：此处 responsible for 表示"造成、导致" 步骤：① 主语 The heavy rain（事物） ② 结果 the traffic jam（负面结果） ③ 事物作主语时，be responsible for 表"导致" 规律：主语是"物"→ 表"导致"；主语是"人"+ 职责内容 → 表"负责" 易错点：误以为 responsible for 只有"负责"一个含义 四、规律总结 responsible 考点规律： 1. 一词双义定律：主语为人 + 职责 → "负责"；主语为物/结果 → "导致" 1. 词性转换链：responsible(adj.) → responsibility(n.) → responsibly(adv.) → irresponsible(adj.反义) 1. 谓语公式：be responsible for = 完整谓语结构，缺一不可 1. 固定搭配：take responsibility for（注意此处用名词） 2.3　rapid　★★★ 【考点定位】 常与 fast、quick 进行辨析考查，完形填空和写作中用词选择。 一、深度拆解 【核心含义】 adj. 迅速的；快速的 侧重短时间内发生、变化快，多用于抽象事物：发展、增长、传播 【常见搭配】 rapid development 飞速发展 rapid spread 快速传播 rapid growth 快速增长 rapid change 巨变 rapid increase 急剧增长 【拓展】 rapidly adv. 迅速地（修饰动词） 【易混辨析】 rapid / fast / quick 单词 语体 侧重点 典型搭配 误例警示 rapid 书面语 抽象变化进程 rapid development / growth × a rapid car fast 通用 移动速度快 run fast / a fast car × fast development quick 通用 动作耗时短 a quick meal / quick reply × quick growth 二、经典例题 【题型1：词形填空】 The train is moving [________] (rapid) at a rapid speed. 【题型2：选词填空】 You need to have a [________] meal before the meeting starts. （备选：rapid / fast / quick） 【题型3：改错】 Don't drive so rapid on the road; it's dangerous. 【题型4：语境选择】 The [________] growth of technology has changed our lives. A. rapid　　　B. fast　　　C. quick 三、深度解析 第1题解析： 答案：rapidly 步骤：① moving 为动词，需副词修饰 ② rapid 的副词形式为 rapidly ③ 句意"火车正在高速行驶" 易错点：误填 rapid（形容词不能修饰动词） 结论：修饰动词用副词形式 rapidly 第2题解析： 答案：quick 步骤：① meal 为一餐饭，强调"短时间吃完" ② quick 侧重动作耗时短 ③ fast 侧重移动速度，rapid 侧重抽象变化 易错点：误选 fast（但 fast meal 语法正确但搭配不自然） 结论：表示"快餐/快速用餐"用 quick meal 第3题解析： 答案：rapid 改为 fast 步骤：① drive 表示"驾驶"，侧重移动速度 ② 修饰驾驶速度应用 fast ③ rapid 不用于修饰具体移动速度 易错点：误以为 rapid 可替代所有"快" 结论：驾驶速度快用 fast，不用 rapid 第4题解析： 答案：A（rapid） 步骤：① growth 为抽象名词 ② rapid 侧重抽象变化进程 ③ fast / quick 不修饰 growth 易错点：混淆三个词的适用范围 结论：抽象名词 growth / development / spread 用 rapid 四、规律总结 rapid 考点规律： 1. 抽象定律：rapid 只用于抽象事物（发展/增长/传播），不用于具体移动 1. 语体定律：rapid 是书面语，fast/quick 为口语通用 1. 副词形式：rapidly 修饰动词 1. 记忆口诀："抽象变化用 rapid，移动速度用 fast，短暂动作用 quick" 2.4　afford　★★★★★ 【考点定位】 中考高频词，考查核心：① 情态动词搭配限制 ② afford to do 结构 ③ affordable 形容词用法 一、深度拆解 【核心含义】 v. 买得起；承担（费用/时间/后果）；抽得出（时间） ⚡ 核心用法铁律：afford 一般只能与情态动词 can / could / be able to 连用。否定形式直接用 can't afford，绝对不可说 don't afford 或 doesn't afford。 【三大搭配】 结构 含义 例句 afford sth 买得起某物 I can't afford this expensive 3D printer. afford to do sth 负担得起做某事 We can afford to buy cheap cellphones. afford time / money for sth 抽出时间/金钱做某事 I can't afford time for a trip. 【拓展】 affordable adj. 负担得起的；平价的 This kind of computer is affordable for students. 二、经典例题 【题型1：完成句子】 我抽不出时间去旅行，因为我要兼职赚学费。 I [ ] time for a trip this summer because I have to work part-time. 【题型2：完成句子】 这家店以可负担的价格卖衣服，很多学生来这里购物。 The store sells clothes at [ ], so many students come to shop here. 【题型3：完成句子】 很多年轻人在大城市买不起房，所以选择租房。 Many young people [ ] a house in big cities, so they choose to rent. 【题型4：单项选择】 With the development of technology, computers are becoming more and more [________]. A. afford　　　B. affordable　　　C. affords　　　D. affording 【题型5：语法填空】 We can't afford [________] (spend) too much money on sticky materials. 三、深度解析 第1题解析： 答案：can't afford 步骤：① 否定含义"抽不出" → can't afford ② afford 与情态动词连用 ③ 后接名词 time 易错点：误写 don't afford（语法错误） 结论：afford 否定必须用 can't afford，不可用 don't 第2题解析： 答案：affordable prices 步骤：① "可负担的价格" → affordable prices ② at...prices 固定搭配 ③ affordable 是形容词修饰 prices 易错点：误填 cheap prices（cheap 通常修饰商品，不修饰价格） 结论："价格实惠" = affordable prices / reasonable prices 第3题解析： 答案：can't afford 步骤：① "买不起" → can't afford ② 后接名词 a house ③ 句意通顺 易错点：忘记与 can 连用，直接写 don't afford 结论：afford 的否定式永远用 can't afford 第4题解析： 答案：B（affordable） 步骤：① more and more + 形容词（越来越……） ② 此处需形容词作表语 ③ affordable"负担得起的" 易错点：误选 A（afford 是动词） 结论：more and more + 多音节形容词 第5题解析： 答案：to spend 步骤：① afford to do sth 固定搭配 ② 后接不定式 to spend ③ 句意"花不起太多钱" 易错点：误写 spending（afford 后只能接 to do） 结论：afford to do / afford sth，无 afford doing 结构 四、规律总结 afford 考点规律： 1. 情态动词铁律：afford 必须与 can/could/be able to 连用，否定只能用 can't afford 1. 搭配结构：afford sth / afford to do sth（无 afford doing） 1. 形容词形式：affordable"负担得起的"，常用于描述价格 1. 同义替换：can't afford = don't have enough money for 2.5　ideal　★★★★ 【考点定位】 常考形容词用法及副词 ideally 的句首用法 一、深度拆解 【双重词性】 adj. 理想的；完美的；最合适的 n. [C] 理想；完美典范 【常见搭配】 ideal for sth / doing sth　适合……；对……来说很理想 an ideal way / material / place　理想的方式/材料/场所 realize one's ideals　实现某人的理想 【拓展词族】 词性 单词 释义 n. idealism 理想主义，理想化 adj. idealistic 理想主义的 adj. realistic 现实的（反义词） adv. ideally 理想地；最好 Ideally 常用于句首，表示"理想情况下；最好……" Ideally, we should finish all model tests before Friday. 二、经典例题 【题型1：语法填空】 The small mountain village is an [________] place for people who love peace. 【题型2：副词填空】 [________], we hope to have a three-day holiday for the National Day. 【题型3：形容词填空】 Don't be so [________]; you have to face the real world bravely. 【题型4：翻译】 他的理想是发明便利的日常机器。 【题型5：句型转换】 This material is perfect for making gliders. (用 ideal 改写) 三、深度解析 第1题解析： 答案：ideal 步骤：① an + ______ + place，缺形容词 ② 句意"对喜爱和平的人来说是理想之地" ③ ideal 作形容词"理想的" 易错点：误填 ideally（副词不能修饰名词） 结论：冠词 + 形容词 + 名词结构 第2题解析： 答案：Ideally 步骤：① 逗号后为完整句子，句首需副词修饰全句 ② Ideally"理想情况下" ③ 常放句首 易错点：误填 Ideal（形容词不能修饰句子） 结论：ideally 常用于句首作评注性状语 第3题解析： 答案：idealistic 步骤：① Don't be so + ______ 缺形容词 ② 句意"不要太理想主义" ③ idealistic"理想主义的"，与 brave 面对现实形成对比 易错点：误填 ideal（ideal 表"理想的"，不表"理想主义的"） 结论：表示"不切实际的、理想主义的"用 idealistic 第4题解析： 答案：His ideal is to invent useful machines for daily life. 步骤：① "理想"在此为名词 ideal ② is to do sth 表"是……" ③ 不定式作表语 易错点：误用形容词 ideal 结论：作主语/宾语时用名词 ideal 第5题解析： 答案：This material is ideal for making gliders. 步骤：① be ideal for 固定搭配 ② for 后接动名词 making ③ 替换 perfect 易错点：漏写介词 for 结论：be ideal for sth / doing sth 四、规律总结 ideal 考点规律： 1. 词性区分：adj."理想的"（修饰名词）vs n."理想"（作主/宾语） 1. 副词用法：Ideally 放句首，修饰整句 1. 搭配：be ideal for = be perfect for 1. 易混词：idealistic"理想主义的"≠ ideal"理想的" 2.6　shape　★★★★ 【考点定位】 一词多性，常考动词用法及短语 take shape 一、深度拆解 【双重词性】 n. 形状；外形；状态 v. 塑造；使成形；影响 【核心搭配】 类别 搭配 释义 考点 名词短语 in shape 状态好，身材好 ★★★ in good shape 状态良好 ★★ out of shape 状态不好 ★★ take shape 成形，初具规模 ★★★★★ 动词短语 shape one's life / mind 塑造人生/思想 ★★★ shape the world 改变、塑造世界 ★★ 二、经典例题 【题型1：单项选择】 Doing exercise every day can help you stay [________]. A. out of shape　　　B. in shape　　　C. beyond shape　　　D. in a shape 【题型2：单项选择】 After months of hard work, our new project finally began to [________]. A. in shape　　　B. out of shape　　　C. take shape　　　D. make shape 【题型3：单项选择】 Reading good books can help us [________] our character and become better people. A. shape　　　B. shapes　　　C. shaped　　　D. shaping 【题型4：翻译】 不同的生活经历塑造了人们不同的想法。 【题型5：语境填空】 The plan is beginning to [________] (成形) after several discussions. 三、深度解析 第1题解析： 答案：B（in shape） 步骤：① stay + 形容词/介词短语 ② "保持好身材/状态" → stay in shape ③ in shape 固定短语 选项排除：A "状态不好"与每天运动矛盾；C/D 不存在 易错点：误选 A（忽略前文运动语境） 结论：stay in shape 固定搭配 第2题解析： 答案：C（take shape） 步骤：① began to + 动词原形 ② "项目开始成形" ③ take shape 固定短语 选项排除：A/B 是介词短语，不能接在 to 后；D make shape 不存在 易错点：误选 A（受中文"成形"影响，忽略语法结构） 结论：take shape"成形"，begin to do sth 第3题解析： 答案：A（shape） 步骤：① help sb do sth，do 为动词原形 ② shape"塑造" ③ 句意"塑造性格" 选项排除：B 三单、C 过去式、D 现在分词，均不符合 help do 结构 易错点：误选 D（受 help sb doing 错误记忆影响） 结论：help sb do sth（省 to 不定式） 第4题解析： 答案：Different life experiences shape people's different ideas. 步骤：① experiences 复数，谓语用原形 shape ② "塑造"作动词 ③ 一般现在时表客观事实 易错点：误用 shapes（但主语是复数） 结论：注意主谓一致 第5题解析： 答案：take shape 步骤：① begin to do sth ② "成形" = take shape ③ 固定搭配 易错点：逐字翻译成 become shape 结论：take shape 为固定短语 四、规律总结 shape 考点规律： 1. 动词短语：take shape = 成形（不及物，无被动） 1. 介词短语：in shape / out of shape（状态） 1. 动词用法：shape sth = 塑造某物（及物） 1. help 结构：help sb do sth（动词原形） 2.7　widely　★★★★ 【考点定位】 常考 wide 与 widely 的辨析 一、深度拆解 【核心含义】 adv. 广泛地；普遍地；大范围地 修饰动词，多用于被动语态。 be widely used 被广泛使用 be widely known 广为人知 be widely spread 广泛传播 be widely accepted 被普遍认可 【易混辨析】 wide 与 widely 词 词性 用法场景 示例 wide adj. 实物宽阔 a wide road wide adv. 具象距离（完全张开） open wide / wide open widely adv. 抽象范围（广泛程度） widely used / widely known 【记忆技巧】 "具象张开用 wide，抽象广泛用 widely" 二、经典例题 【题型1：语法填空】 He opened his eyes [________] when he saw the model plane. 【题型2：语法填空】 There is a [________] (wide) desk in the lab. 【题型3：语法填空】 The invention became [________] (wide) known last year. 【题型4：单项选择】 English is [________] used around the world. A. wide　　　B. widely　　　C. widen　　　D. width 【题型5：改错】 The door was opened widely. 三、深度解析 第1题解析： 答案：wide 步骤：① open one's eyes 强调"张大"这一具象动作 ② 具象距离用 wide 作副词 ③ 固定搭配 open wide 易错点：误填 widely（认为修饰动词就用 -ly 副词） 结论：open one's eyes wide / open one's mouth wide 均为固定搭配 第2题解析： 答案：wide 步骤：① desk 为名词，需形容词修饰 ② wide 作形容词"宽阔的" ③ a wide desk 一张宽桌子 易错点：误填 widely（副词不能修饰名词） 结论：修饰名词用形容词 wide 第3题解析： 答案：widely 步骤：① became known 为系表结构，修饰 known 需副词 ② widely known"广为人知" ③ 抽象范围用 widely 易错点：误填 wide（be known wide 语法错误） 结论："广为人知" = be widely known 第4题解析： 答案：B（widely） 步骤：① is used 被动语态，需副词修饰 ② "被广泛使用" ③ 抽象范围用 widely 易错点：误选 A（wide 作副词仅表"完全地"，不表"广泛地"） 结论：被动语态 + widely 表示"被广泛……" 第5题解析： 答案：widely 改为 wide 步骤：① 门被打开强调"完全敞开"这一具象状态 ② wide open 固定搭配 ③ 具象距离用 wide 易错点：误以为被动语态后必须用 -ly 副词 结论：wide open = 敞开的；widely open × 四、规律总结 wide / widely 考点规律： 1. 具象定律：张开/打开/睁大等具象动作 → wide 1. 抽象定律：广泛使用/广为人知等抽象范围 → widely 1. 固定搭配：open wide / wide open / eyes wide 1. 记忆口诀："眼见为实 wide，抽象概念 widely" 2.8　result in　★★★★ 【考点定位】 常考 result in 与 result from 的逻辑方向辨析 一、深度拆解 【核心含义】 动词短语，意为"造成；导致"。 Careless operation will result in machine faults. Long-time testing resulted in great progress of the glider. 【同义短语】（考试常互换） 结构 释义 逻辑方向 A results in B A 导致 B 因 → 果 A leads to B A 导致 B 因 → 果 A is responsible for B A 造成 B 因 → 果 【核心辨析】 result in VS result from 短语 逻辑方向 示例 result in + 结果 因在前，果在后 Too much pressure results in mistakes. result from + 原因 果在前，因在后 Mistakes result from too much pressure. ⚡ 记忆口诀："in 是进，收结果；from 是从，找原因。压力（因）in（导致）失误（果）；失误（果）from（源于）压力（因）。" 二、经典例题 【题型1：同义句转换】 用 lead to 替换 result in： Overheating results in damage to the model. → Overheating [] [] damage to the model. 【题型2：同义句转换】 用 be responsible for 替换 result in： Overheating results in damage to the model. → Overheating [] [] [________] damage to the model. 【题型3：选词填空】 （result in / result from） ① Heavy rain [] the delay of the test. ② The delay of the test [] heavy rain. 【题型4：单项选择】 Careless driving often [________] serious accidents. A. results in　　　B. results from　　　C. leads to　　　D. both A and C 【题型5：翻译】 长时间测试带来了滑翔机的巨大改进。 三、深度解析 第1题解析： 答案：leads to 步骤：① result in = lead to 同义替换 ② 主语 Overheating 为单数，谓语加 -s ③ leads to + 名词 易错点：忘记第三人称单数 结论：lead to 与 result in 可互换，注意主谓一致 第2题解析： 答案：is responsible for 步骤：① be responsible for = 导致（事物作主语时） ② Overheating 为单数 → is ③ 完整谓语结构 易错点：只写 responsible for，漏写 is 结论：be responsible for 是完整谓语结构 第3题解析： 答案：① results in　② results from 步骤：① Heavy rain（因）→ delay（果）= result in ② delay（果）→ heavy rain（因）= result from 易错点：混淆因果方向 结论：result in = 因→果；result from = 果→因 第4题解析： 答案：D（both A and C） 步骤：① result in = lead to 语义相同 ② 二者均可使用 ③ D 为最佳选项 易错点：只选 A 或 C 之一 结论：result in 与 lead to 可互换 第5题解析： 答案：Long-time testing resulted in great progress of the glider. 步骤：① 主语 testing（因）→ progress（果）→ result in ② 过去时 resulted in 易错点：混淆因果方向，用 result from 结论：根据因果方向选择短语 四、规律总结 result in / result from 考点规律： 1. 方向定律：result in = 因→果（in + 结果）；result from = 果→因（from + 原因） 1. 替换公式：result in = lead to = be responsible for（主语为物时） 1. 时态注意：根据上下文语境确定时态 1. 判断方法：问"什么导致了什么？"→ result in；问"什么源于什么？"→ result from Part 3　当堂小测 3.1　单词拼写 A. 根据句意及首字母提示写单词（单元核心词） 1. Everyone has r________ for protecting the safety of the workshop. 1. The r________ growth of new companies speeds up technology development. 1. This light metal is i________ for making small glider models. 1. This safe machine is w________ used in thousands of factories now. 1. After half a year's work, our invention plan finally takes s________. 【答案与解析】 题号 答案 步骤分析 易错点 1 responsibility has + 名词作宾语 误填 responsible（形容词不能作宾语） 2 rapid 形容词修饰名词 growth 误填 rapidly（副词不能修饰名词） 3 ideal is + 形容词作表语 误填 ideally（副词不能作表语） 4 widely is widely used 被动结构 误填 wide（抽象范围用 widely） 5 shape takes shape 固定短语"成形" 误填 shaped（take + 动词原形） B. 根据汉语提示写出单词正确形式 1. Soft plastic can ________ (塑造) into all kinds of small parts. 1. Many students can't ________ (负担得起) expensive lab tools. 1. This amazing ________ (创作品) changes people's daily life. 1. Careless operation is ________ (造成) most of the machine problems. 1. News about the new glider spread ________ (迅速地) online. 【答案与解析】 题号 答案 步骤分析 易错点 1 be shaped can be done 被动结构 误填 shape（主动形式，不符合被动逻辑） 2 afford can't + 动词原形 误填 affords（情态动词后动词原形） 3 creation 名词作主语 误填 create（动词不能作主语） 4 responsible for is + adj. + for 表"造成" 只写 responsible，漏写 for 5 rapidly 副词修饰动词 spread 误填 rapid（形容词不能修饰动词） 3.2　单句填空 1. Whether you can make a good model depends ________ your patience. 1. Young people hope to be independent ________ their parents one day. 1. Careless use of liquid ________ (be) responsible for the accident yesterday. 1. Every student must take ________ (responsible) for his own experiment. 1. With new tools, we can finish all tasks much ________ (rapid). 1. The story ________ (ideal) shows how Cai Lun made paper. 1. We can't afford ________ (spend) too much money on sticky materials. 1. This thin metal is ________ (suit) to make light glider wings. 1. Different life experiences ________ (shape) people's different ideas. 1. This useful invention is ________ (wide) accepted by all engineers. 1. When the worker saw the model plane, he opened his eyes ________ (wide). 1. The ________ (produce) of small robots becomes bigger every year. 1. Before mixing, you need to cut ________ all hard stone materials. 1. To our great ________ (surprise), the cheap machine works very well. 1. Later ________, this useful technology spread to many foreign countries. 【答案与解析】 题号 答案 步骤分析 易错点 1 on depend on 固定搭配 漏写介词 2 of be independent of 固定搭配 受 dependent on 影响误填 on 3 was 主语单数 + yesterday 过去时 忽略时态提示词 yesterday 4 responsibility take + 名词作宾语 误填 responsible 5 more rapidly much 修饰比较级 只填 rapidly 忽略比较级结构 6 ideally 副词修饰动词 shows 误填 ideal 7 to spend afford to do 固定搭配 误填 spending 8 suitable be suitable to do 固定搭配 误填 suit 9 shape 主语复数 + 一般现在时 误填 shapes 10 widely 抽象范围用 widely 误填 wide 11 wide open wide 固定搭配 误填 widely 12 production the + 名词 误填 produce 13 up cut up 切碎 误填 off/down 14 surprise to one's surprise 固定搭配 误填 surprised 15 on later on 固定搭配 漏写介词 【易错题专项分析】 第3题：主语 Careless use of liquid 中心词 use 为单数不可数名词，yesterday 提示一般过去时，故填 was。易错原因：受 of liquid 影响误以为复数。 第5题：much 修饰形容词/副词的比较级，rapidly 为多音节副词，比较级为 more rapidly。易错原因：忽略比较级标志词 much。 第11题：open one's eyes wide 为固定搭配，wide 在此为副词表"完全张开"（具象），不是 widely。易错原因：认为修饰动词就必须用 -ly 结尾的副词。 第13题：cut up"切碎"与后文 all hard stone materials 呼应。易错原因：混淆 cut off（切断）/ cut down（砍倒）/ cut up（切碎）。 Part 4　能力提升 4.1　完形填空 （共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 【武昌区 2024-2025 九上期中】 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When Andrew invited me to go on a camping trip to the mountains, I imagined a wooden house with a shower and soft beds. But all became a nightmare (噩梦) when Andrew and his brother, Daniel, showed up with a truck ________ camping things — the tent, sleeping bags, and canteens (水壶，餐具盒). I did pack a backpack, ________ I had no idea we were going on an adventure! Daniel told me that we had a schedule to keep. So he ________ me to get in. Some time later, the mountains were in sight ahead. They ________ bigger than I had thought; the trees were larger, and the environment was much more dangerous... Before we began hiking, Daniel told us about hiking rules. The ________ part of the path (小路) was not that difficult. But soon, the path became narrower and steeper (陡峭的), forcing me to talk less. "It looks closer than it is," Daniel said, reading my expression. "This is the most difficult part ... ________ your step, not the view." Finally, we reached the top. My legs aching, I ________ my backpack and sat down. "No time to rest," Daniel said, looking up at the ________. "It had been ________ all day, and it felt good to relax in the cool breeze." "The weather up here changes quickly, and that cool air means a storm is around the corner. We need to set up camp now." I thought Daniel was kidding, but he was quite serious. So we had to work together to put up the tent, ________ thunder rumbling (发出隆隆声) and lightning flashing in the distance. Just after we finished, the storm did come. We quickly went ________. Daniel, realizing that I was ________, started sharing some stories about his past camping adventures. "Summer storms are strong but pass quickly," Andrew also tried to comfort me. "At least the rain will keep the bears ________," he joked with a smile. Before long, the storm ________, allowing us to get out of the tent. It was dark, but I was completely shocked by the fascinating view. ________ stars were shining in the night sky. I wouldn't lie — I was still longing for a shower and a soft bed, but as I looked at the sky, I knew this was an adventure I would never forget. 【选项】 题号 A B C D 36 covered with dealt with filled with mixed with 37 so if unless but 38 hurried wanted waited advised 39 stayed became appeared saw 40 only first last second 41 enjoy look watch remember 42 picked dropped lifted lowered 43 trees mountain stars sky 44 cold hot cloudy wet 45 against for since with 46 inside outside below above 47 satisfied relaxed scared sleepy 48 away awake available alive 49 died out died down took off took down 50 Priceless Meaningless Endless Countless 【参考答案】 题号 答案 题号 答案 36 C（filled with） 43 D（sky） 37 D（but） 44 B（hot） 38 A（hurried） 45 D（with） 39 C（appeared） 46 A（inside） 40 B（first） 47 C（scared） 41 C（watch） 48 A（away） 42 B（dropped） 49 B（died down） 50 D（Countless） 【深度解析·逐题精讲】 第36题　答案：C（filled with） 步骤分析：① 破折号后列举了 tent, sleeping bags, canteens 等物品 ② a truck filled with... "装满……的卡车" ③ filled with 表示"装满" 选项排除：A covered with"覆盖"（物品并非覆盖卡车）；B dealt with"处理"（不合语义）；D mixed with"混合"（不合语境） 易错点：误选 A，未注意列举的物品种类繁多，强调"装满"而非"覆盖" 规律总结：a + 名词 + filled with + 物品 = "装满……的……" 第37题　答案：D（but） 步骤分析：① 前句 I did pack a backpack"我确实背了背包"（did 强调肯定）② 后句 I had no idea"我不知道" ③ 前后语义相反，转折关系 选项排除：A so（因果），B if（条件），C unless（除非），均不符合转折逻辑 易错点：忽略 did 的强调功能，误以为前后一致 规律总结：did + 动词原形 = 强调肯定，与后文转折形成"虽然……但是……"结构 第38题　答案：A（hurried） 步骤分析：① 前文"we had a schedule to keep"（要赶时间）② hurried me to get in"催我上车" ③ hurry sb to do sth 催促某人做某事 选项排除：B wanted me to get in（语法对但语义弱，不体现紧迫感）；C waited for（需加 for）；D advised me to get in（建议，不紧迫） 易错点：误选 B，忽略 schedule 提示的紧迫语境 规律总结：hurry sb to do sth = 催促某人做某事 第39题　答案：C（appeared） 步骤分析：① bigger 为形容词比较级，前需系动词 ② appear 作系动词"看起来" ③ 句意"山看起来比我想象中大" 选项排除：A stayed"保持"（不合语境）；B became"变得"（语义稍可但不如 appear 准确）；D saw 为及物动词，不能接 bigger 易错点：误选 D，忽略 saw 是及物动词 规律总结：系动词 + 形容词比较级，appear / seem / look 表"看起来" 第40题　答案：B（first） 步骤分析：① the [________] part of the path was not that difficult ② 后文 But soon... became narrower 暗示前一段不难 ③ first"前面的"与后文形成时间对比 选项排除：A only（唯一部分，不合逻辑）；C last（最后部分，与后文矛盾）；D second（第二部分，没有铺垫） 易错点：忽略 but 的转折提示功能 规律总结：but / however 后的内容与前半句形成对比，是解题关键信号词 第41题　答案：C（watch） 步骤分析：① watch your step 为固定搭配"注意脚下" ② 语境为登山最困难路段 ③ 与后文"not the view"形成对比 选项排除：A enjoy（享受脚下？不合逻辑）；B look（不及物，需加 at）；D remember（记住脚步？语义不通） 易错点：误选 B，忽略 look 是不及物动词 规律总结：watch one's step 固定表达 = be careful while walking 第42题　答案：B（dropped） 步骤分析：① 前文 legs aching 腿疼 ② 后文 sat down 坐下 ③ dropped my backpack"放下背包"最自然 选项排除：A picked"捡起"（到达山顶应放下而非捡起）；C lifted"举起"（相反动作）；D lowered"缓慢放下"（虽语义对但不自然） 易错点：误选 D，忽略 dropped 是最自然的表达 规律总结：drop = 放下（非正式，口语化）；lower = 降低（正式，缓慢） 第43题　答案：D（sky） 步骤分析：① looking up at the + 名词 ② 后文 weather changes quickly + cool air + storm ③ 所有线索指向看天判断天气 选项排除：A trees（树不能决定天气）；B mountain（看山不能判断风暴）；C stars（白天看不到星星） 易错点：误选 C，忽略下文天气讨论 规律总结：下文内容往往决定上文选项，先读下文再倒推 第44题　答案：B（hot） 步骤分析：① It had been [________] all day ② 后文 cool breeze 凉爽的微风舒服 ③ 与 cool 形成对比，白天热→微风吹来舒服 选项排除：A cold（与 cool breeze 舒服矛盾）；C cloudy（阴天，微风不一定舒服）；D wet（潮湿，与 cool breeze 无对比关系） 易错点：误选 C，未理解对比关系 规律总结：对比关系题——关注形容词的反义或对立关系 第45题　答案：D（with） 步骤分析：① put up the tent, [________] thunder rumbling ② with + 宾语 + 现在分词 = 伴随结构 ③ "伴随着雷声搭帐篷" 选项排除：A against（反对）；B for（为了）；C since（自从/因为），均不符合伴随语法 易错点：对 with 复合结构不熟悉 规律总结：with + n. + doing/done = 伴随状语，经典语法考点 第46题　答案：A（inside） 步骤分析：① 暴风雨来了 ② 搭好帐篷 ③ went inside"进入帐篷内"躲避 选项排除：B outside（暴风雨中出去？不合逻辑）；C below（下面）；D above（上面） 易错点：按字面理解忽略常识 规律总结：按生活常识推理——暴风雨来了当然躲进帐篷 第47题　答案：C（scared） 步骤分析：① Daniel realized that I was... ② 下文 started sharing stories to comfort me ③ 需要安慰说明"我"害怕 选项排除：A satisfied（满意不需要安慰）；B relaxed（放松不需要安慰）；D sleepy（困不需要讲冒险故事安慰） 易错点：误选 D，忽略 comfort 这一关键提示词 规律总结：根据人物行为（comfort / share stories）反推情绪状态 第48题　答案：A（away） 步骤分析：① keep the bears [________] ② Andrew joked with a smile ③ keep away"使远离"，开玩笑说熊被雨赶跑了 选项排除：B awake（醒着，不可笑）；C available（可利用，不合逻辑）；D alive（活着，语义不通） 易错点：不理解 keep away 的用法 规律总结：keep + 宾语 + away = 使……远离 第49题　答案：B（died down） 步骤分析：① the storm [________], allowing us to get out ② 暴风雨减弱才能出去 ③ die down"逐渐平息" 选项排除：A died out"灭绝"（物种/习俗）；C took off"起飞/脱下"；D took down"取下/拆除" 易错点：混淆 die down 和 die out 规律总结：die down =（声音/风暴/情绪）减弱；die out =（物种/习俗）灭绝 第50题　答案：D（Countless） 步骤分析：① [________] stars were shining ② 夜空景象 ③ Countless"数不清的"修饰 stars 最贴切 选项排除：A Priceless"无价的"（用于贵重物品）；B Meaningless"无意义的"（贬义）；C Endless"无尽的"（侧重时间/空间延续性） 易错点：误选 C，未区分 endless（时间/空间无尽头）与 countless（数量数不清） 规律总结：形容星星数量多用 countless / numerous / countless numbers of 4.2　选词填空 仔细阅读下面短文，用下面所给的单词或短语填空，使短文在结构、句义和逻辑上正确。 ancient / energy / repeat / still / connected with / recorded / compared with （提示：有两个单词或短语是多余的。） In Chinese culture, the red color stands for many good things, such as (66) ________ and happiness. But you had better not write names or letters with red pens. Why? In (67) ________ times, red was the symbol of power. Not everyone could write with red pens — only emperors. Writing names with red pens is also (68) ________ death. So people (69) ________ the criminals' names with red pens. Since words written in red carry bad meanings, people don't write letters with red pens. Nowadays, red pens are used for proofreading (校对). Teachers mark students' homework with a red pen. But writing names or letters with red pens is (70) ________ a bad idea. 【答案与解析】 题号 答案 步骤分析 易错点 66 energy such as 后接名词与 happiness 并列，表"活力、能量" 误填 repeat（动词不作并列名词） 67 ancient ancient times 古代，与 emperors（皇帝）呼应 误填 still（副词不符） 68 connected with be connected with 与……相关联 误填 compared with（比较，不合逻辑） 69 recorded recorded the names 记录名字，过去时 误填 repeat（重复名字，语义不当） 70 still 副词"仍然"，表现今仍存观念 误填 ancient（形容词不修饰句子） 【剩余词汇说明】 repeat（重复）和 compared with（与……相比）为多余词汇。 ——　本讲完　—— 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第十六讲　九上 Unit 5 Power of Idea Section B　How do we turn ideas into reality? 学生版 适用年级：八升九暑假衔接　|　教材：人教新目标　|　课型：考点精讲+能力提升 本讲导学 主题概览 本讲围绕 "How do we turn ideas into reality?"（如何将创意变为现实）这一主题展开，探讨从构思到实践的过程。课文中以造纸术的发明与传播为主线，展示了蔡伦如何利用廉价材料将"造纸"这一创意变为改变世界的现实。本讲将系统梳理 depend、responsible、afford、ideal、shape、widely、result in 等高频考点，并配以完形填空与选词填空两大题型实战训练。 本讲重难点速览 1. depend 的三大搭配及派生词辨析 —— 必考搭配题 1. be responsible for 的双重含义 —— 一词双义，常考语境辨析 1. afford 的情态动词连用限制 —— 语法填空题高频陷阱 1. result in / result from 逻辑方向辨析 —— 因果方向题核心考点 1. wide / widely 抽象具象用法区分 —— 形近副词辨析经典题 Part 1　单词加油站 1.1　核心词汇表 序号 单词 音标 词性 释义 考频 1 reality /riˈæləti/ n. 现实；事实 ★★★ 2 papermaking /ˈpeɪpəˌmeɪkɪŋ/ n. 造纸工艺；造纸业 ★★ 3 responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ adj. 有责任的 ★★★★★ 4 rapid /ˈræpɪd/ adj. 迅速的 ★★★ 5 shape /ʃeɪp/ v./n. 塑造；形状 ★★★★ 6 bronze /brɒnz/ n./adj. 青铜（的） ★★ 7 ware /weə(r)/ n. 制品；陶器 ★ 8 stone /stəʊn/ n. 石头；岩石 ★★ 9 fibre /ˈfaɪbə(r)/ n. 纤维；纤维素 ★★ 10 jute /dʒuːt/ n. 黄麻纤维 ★ 11 expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/ adj. 昂贵的 ★★★ 12 officer /ˈɒfɪsə(r)/ n. 官员；高级职员 ★★ 13 workshop /ˈwɜːkʃɒp/ n. 作坊；讲习班 ★★ 14 ideal /aɪˈdɪəl/ adj./n. 理想的；理想 ★★★★ 15 none /nʌn/ pron. 没有一个 ★★★ 16 certain /ˈsɜːtn/ adj. 某些；确定的 ★★★ 17 suitable /ˈsuːtəbl/ adj. 合适的；适宜的 ★★★ 18 liquid /ˈlɪkwɪd/ n./adj. 液体；液体的 ★★ 19 cheap /tʃiːp/ adj. 便宜的 ★★★ 20 creation /kriˈeɪʃn/ n. 创造；作品 ★★★ 21 sticky /ˈstɪki/ adj. 黏（性）的 ★★ 22 production /prəˈdʌkʃn/ n. 生产；制作 ★★★ 23 gradually /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ adv. 逐渐地 ★★★ 24 widely /ˈwaɪdli/ adv. 广泛地；普遍地 ★★★★ 25 glider /ˈɡlaɪdə(r)/ n. 滑翔机 ★ 26 company /ˈkʌmpəni/ n. 公司；剧团 ★★★ 27 afford /əˈfɔːd/ v. 买得起；承担 ★★★★★ 28 birth /bɜːθ/ n. 起源；诞生 ★★★ 29 rapidly /ˈræpɪdli/ adv. 迅速地 ★★★ 30 Arabic /ˈærəbɪk/ adj. 阿拉伯语的 ★ 1.2　重点单词变形 原形 释义 派生词 释义 常考搭配 depend v. 依赖 dependent adj. 依赖的 be dependent on independent adj. 独立的 be independent of create v. 创造 creation n. 创造；作品 a wonderful creation civilize v. 使文明 civilization n. 文明 ancient civilization add v. 添加 addition n. 添加；加法 in addition（此外） rapid adj. 迅速的 rapidly adv. 迅速地 grow / spread rapidly gradual adj. 逐渐的 gradually adv. 逐渐地 change / increase gradually ideal adj. 理想的 ideally adv. 理想地 ideally suited for expensive adj. 昂贵的 inexpensive adj. 价廉的 inexpensive materials responsible adj. 负责的 responsibility n. 责任 take responsibility for 1.3　重点短语 序号 短语 释义 用法提示 1 be interested in 对……感兴趣 后接名词或动名词 2 cut up 切碎 动副短语，代词放中间（cut it up） 3 pour over 倒到……上 over 表"覆盖" 4 to one's surprise 令某人惊讶的是 独立使用，常放句首 5 be responsible for 对……负责；造成 双重含义 6 later on 后来；其后 同义词：afterwards 7 speed up （使）加速 反义：slow down 8 lead to 导致；造成；通向 后接名词/代词 9 result in 造成；导致 与 result from 区分 10 not...at all 一点儿也不 加强否定语气 11 the number of ……的数目 作主语谓语用单数 12 in the future 在未来 对比：in future"今后" 13 economic development 经济发展 economic 经济的 14 easy to operate 易于操作 主动形式表被动 15 be looking to do sth 寻求做某事 表主动寻求 Part 2　考点精讲 考点精讲·核心突破 2.1　depend　★★★★★ 【考点定位】 中考高频核心词，三年内全国卷考查超50次。主要考查方向：① depend on 搭配 ② dependent / independent 派生词辨析 ③ 独立主格结构中的介词选择。 一、深度拆解 【核心含义】 vi. 依靠；依赖；取决于 【三大搭配结构】 结构 含义 例句 depend on / upon sb / sth 依靠某人/某物；取决于某事 Whether we go out depends on the weather. depend on sb to do sth 依靠某人做某事 We depend on scientists to create new inventions. depend on + 从句 由……决定 Success depends on how hard you work. 【派生词网络】 dependent adj. 依赖的 → be dependent [________]（介词） independent adj. 独立的 → be independent [________]（介词，易错点！） dependence n. 依赖 independence n. 独立；自主 【深层思考】 independent of 为什么用 of 而不用 on？想一想 independent 的前缀 in- 表示什么含义？ 笔记区： 二、经典例题 【题型1：语法填空】 Our life [________] (depend) all kinds of great inventions. 【题型2：词形变换】 Kids are [________] (depend) their parents before they grow up. 【题型3：介词填空】 Young people hope to be independent [________] their families. 【题型4：完成句子】 我们能否造出新机器取决于我们的创意。 Whether we can make new machines [________________________] our creative ideas. 三、规律总结 depend 考点规律： 1. 搭配定律：depend 后必须有介词 on/upon，不可直接接宾语 1. 派生词介词定律：dependent → on；independent → of 1. 主谓一致定律：主语是从句或不定式时，depend 用单数 1. 变形顺序：depend(v.) → dependent(adj.) → independent(adj.) → independence(n.) 随堂笔记： 2.2　responsible　★★★★★ 【考点定位】 中考超高频词。核心难点在于 be responsible for 的双重含义——既是"对……负责"，又是"造成、导致"。 一、深度拆解 【核心含义】 adj. 有责任的；负责；是……的原因 【双重含义辨析】 用法 含义 例句 识别标志 be responsible for + 职责 对某事负责 You are responsible for cleaning the lab. 主语为人 be responsible for + 结果 造成、导致某事 Cai Lun was responsible for the invention of cheap paper. 主语为事物/人（表贡献） 【拓展词族】 responsibility n. 责任 → take responsibility for irresponsible adj. 不负责任的（反义词） responsibly adv. 负责地 【语法细节】 be responsible to sb 向某人负责 All workers are responsible to their manager. 二、经典例题 【题型1：词形填空】 Everyone is [________] (responsibility) for protecting our environment. 【题型2：词形填空】 You should take [________] (responsible) for your mistakes. 【题型3：单项选择】 Paper-making [________] the rapid spread of ancient knowledge. A. responsible for　　　B. is responsible for　　　C. responsibility　　　D. is responsibility 【题型4：单项选择】 As a student, you have the [________] to study hard. A. responsible　　　B. irresponsible　　　C. responsibility　　　D. depend 【题型5：翻译（语境辨析）】 The heavy rain was responsible for the traffic jam. （判断此处 responsible for 的含义） 作答：________________________________________ 三、规律总结 responsible 考点规律： 1. 一词双义定律：主语为人 + 职责 → "负责"；主语为物/结果 → "导致" 1. 词性转换链：responsible(adj.) → responsibility(n.) → responsibly(adv.) → irresponsible(adj.) 1. 谓语公式：be responsible for = 完整谓语结构，缺一不可 1. 固定搭配：take responsibility for（注意此处用名词） 随堂笔记： 2.3　rapid　★★★ 【考点定位】 常与 fast、quick 进行辨析考查，完形填空和写作中用词选择。 一、深度拆解 【核心含义】 adj. 迅速的；快速的 侧重短时间内发生、变化快，多用于抽象事物：发展、增长、传播 【常见搭配】 rapid development 飞速发展 rapid spread 快速传播 rapid growth 快速增长 rapid change 巨变 rapid increase 急剧增长 【拓展】 rapidly adv. 迅速地（修饰动词） 【易混辨析】 rapid / fast / quick 单词 语体 侧重点 典型搭配 误例警示 rapid 书面语 抽象变化进程 rapid development / growth × a rapid car fast 通用 移动速度快 run fast / a fast car × fast development quick 通用 动作耗时短 a quick meal / quick reply × quick growth 二、经典例题 【题型1：词形填空】 The train is moving [________] (rapid) at a rapid speed. 【题型2：选词填空】 You need to have a [________] meal before the meeting starts. （备选：rapid / fast / quick） 【题型3：改错】 Don't drive so rapid on the road; it's dangerous. 改正：________________________________________ 【题型4：语境选择】 The [________] growth of technology has changed our lives. A. rapid　　　B. fast　　　C. quick 三、规律总结 rapid 考点规律： 1. 抽象定律：rapid 只用于抽象事物（发展/增长/传播），不用于具体移动 1. 语体定律：rapid 是书面语，fast/quick 为口语通用 1. 副词形式：rapidly 修饰动词 1. 记忆口诀："抽象变化用 rapid，移动速度用 fast，短暂动作用 quick" 随堂笔记： 2.4　afford　★★★★★ 【考点定位】 中考高频词，考查核心：① 情态动词搭配限制 ② afford to do 结构 ③ affordable 形容词用法 一、深度拆解 【核心含义】 v. 买得起；承担（费用/时间/后果）；抽得出（时间） 核心用法铁律：afford 一般只能与情态动词 can / could / be able to 连用。否定形式直接用 can't afford，绝对不可说 don't afford 或 doesn't afford。 【三大搭配】 结构 含义 例句 afford sth 买得起某物 I can't afford this expensive 3D printer. afford to do sth 负担得起做某事 We can afford to buy cheap cellphones. afford time / money for sth 抽出时间/金钱做某事 I can't afford time for a trip. 【拓展】 affordable adj. 负担得起的；平价的 This kind of computer is affordable for students. 二、经典例题 【题型1：完成句子】 我抽不出时间去旅行，因为我要兼职赚学费。 I [________________________] time for a trip this summer because I have to work part-time. 【题型2：完成句子】 这家店以可负担的价格卖衣服，很多学生来这里购物。 The store sells clothes at [________________________], so many students come to shop here. 【题型3：完成句子】 很多年轻人在大城市买不起房，所以选择租房。 Many young people [________________________] a house in big cities, so they choose to rent. 【题型4：单项选择】 With the development of technology, computers are becoming more and more [________]. A. afford　　　B. affordable　　　C. affords　　　D. affording 【题型5：语法填空】 We can't afford [________] (spend) too much money on sticky materials. 三、规律总结 afford 考点规律： 1. 情态动词铁律：afford 必须与 can/could/be able to 连用，否定只能用 can't afford 1. 搭配结构：afford sth / afford to do sth（无 afford doing） 1. 形容词形式：affordable"负担得起的" 1. 同义替换：can't afford = don't have enough money for 随堂笔记： 2.5　ideal　★★★★ 【考点定位】 常考形容词用法及副词 ideally 的句首用法 一、深度拆解 【双重词性】 adj. 理想的；完美的；最合适的 n. [C] 理想；完美典范 【常见搭配】 ideal for sth / doing sth 适合…… an ideal way / material / place 理想的方式/材料/场所 realize one's ideals 实现某人的理想 【拓展词族】 词性 单词 释义 n. idealism 理想主义，理想化 adj. idealistic 理想主义的 adj. realistic 现实的（反义词） adv. ideally 理想地；最好 Ideally 常用于句首，表示"理想情况下；最好……" Ideally, we should finish all model tests before Friday. 二、经典例题 【题型1：语法填空】 The small mountain village is an [________] place for people who love peace. 【题型2：副词填空】 [________], we hope to have a three-day holiday for the National Day. 【题型3：形容词填空】 Don't be so [________]; you have to face the real world bravely. 【题型4：翻译】 他的理想是发明便利的日常机器。 【题型5：句型转换】 This material is perfect for making gliders. (用 ideal 改写) 三、规律总结 ideal 考点规律： 1. 词性区分：adj."理想的"（修饰名词）vs n."理想"（作主/宾语） 1. 副词用法：Ideally 放句首，修饰整句 1. 搭配：be ideal for = be perfect for 1. 易混词：idealistic"理想主义的"≠ ideal"理想的" 随堂笔记： 2.6　shape　★★★★ 【考点定位】 一词多性，常考动词用法及短语 take shape 一、深度拆解 【双重词性】 n. 形状；外形；状态 v. 塑造；使成形；影响 【核心搭配】 类别 搭配 释义 考点 名词短语 in shape 状态好，身材好 ★★★ in good shape 状态良好 ★★ out of shape 状态不好 ★★ take shape 成形，初具规模 ★★★★★ 动词短语 shape one's life / mind 塑造人生/思想 ★★★ shape the world 改变、塑造世界 ★★ 二、经典例题 【题型1：单项选择】 Doing exercise every day can help you stay [________]. A. out of shape　　　B. in shape　　　C. beyond shape　　　D. in a shape 【题型2：单项选择】 After months of hard work, our new project finally began to [________]. A. in shape　　　B. out of shape　　　C. take shape　　　D. make shape 【题型3：单项选择】 Reading good books can help us [________] our character and become better people. A. shape　　　B. shapes　　　C. shaped　　　D. shaping 【题型4：翻译】 不同的生活经历塑造了人们不同的想法。 【题型5：语境填空】 The plan is beginning to [________] (成形) after several discussions. 三、规律总结 shape 考点规律： 1. 动词短语：take shape = 成形（不及物，无被动） 1. 介词短语：in shape / out of shape（状态） 1. 动词用法：shape sth = 塑造某物（及物） 1. help 结构：help sb do sth（动词原形） 随堂笔记： 2.7　widely　★★★★ 【考点定位】 常考 wide 与 widely 的辨析 一、深度拆解 【核心含义】 adv. 广泛地；普遍地；大范围地 修饰动词，多用于被动语态。 be widely used 被广泛使用 be widely known 广为人知 be widely spread 广泛传播 be widely accepted 被普遍认可 【易混辨析】 wide 与 widely 词 词性 用法场景 示例 wide adj. 实物宽阔 a wide road wide adv. 具象距离（完全张开） open wide / wide open widely adv. 抽象范围（广泛程度） widely used / widely known 记忆技巧："具象张开用 wide，抽象广泛用 widely" 二、经典例题 【题型1：语法填空】 He opened his eyes [________] when he saw the model plane. 【题型2：语法填空】 There is a [________] (wide) desk in the lab. 【题型3：语法填空】 The invention became [________] (wide) known last year. 【题型4：单项选择】 English is [________] used around the world. A. wide　　　B. widely　　　C. widen　　　D. width 【题型5：改错】 The door was opened widely. 改正：________________________________________ 三、规律总结 wide / widely 考点规律： 1. 具象定律：张开/打开/睁大等具象动作 → wide 1. 抽象定律：广泛使用/广为人知等抽象范围 → widely 1. 固定搭配：open wide / wide open / eyes wide 1. 记忆口诀："眼见为实 wide，抽象概念 widely" 随堂笔记： 2.8　result in　★★★★ 【考点定位】 常考 result in 与 result from 的逻辑方向辨析 一、深度拆解 【核心含义】 动词短语，意为"造成；导致"。 Careless operation will result in machine faults. Long-time testing resulted in great progress of the glider. 【同义短语】 结构 释义 逻辑方向 A results in B A 导致 B 因 → 果 A leads to B A 导致 B 因 → 果 A is responsible for B A 造成 B 因 → 果 【核心辨析】 result in VS result from 短语 逻辑方向 示例 result in + 结果 因在前，果在后 Too much pressure results in mistakes. result from + 原因 果在前，因在后 Mistakes result from too much pressure. 记忆口诀："in 是进，收结果；from 是从，找原因。压力（因）in（导致）失误（果）；失误（果）from（源于）压力（因）。" 二、经典例题 【题型1：同义句转换】 用 lead to 替换 result in： Overheating results in damage to the model. → Overheating [] [] damage to the model. 【题型2：同义句转换】 用 be responsible for 替换 result in： Overheating results in damage to the model. → Overheating [] [] [________] damage to the model. 【题型3：选词填空】（result in / result from） ① Heavy rain [] the delay of the test. ② The delay of the test [] heavy rain. 【题型4：单项选择】 Careless driving often [________] serious accidents. A. results in　　　B. results from　　　C. leads to　　　D. both A and C 【题型5：翻译】 长时间测试带来了滑翔机的巨大改进。 三、规律总结 result in / result from 考点规律： 1. 方向定律：result in = 因→果（in + 结果）；result from = 果→因（from + 原因） 1. 替换公式：result in = lead to = be responsible for（主语为物时） 1. 判断方法：问"什么导致了什么？"→ result in；问"什么源于什么？"→ result from 随堂笔记： Part 3　当堂小测 当堂小测·自我检测 3.1　单词拼写 A. 根据句意及首字母提示写单词（单元核心词） 1. Everyone has r________ for protecting the safety of the workshop. 1. The r________ growth of new companies speeds up technology development. 1. This light metal is i________ for making small glider models. 1. This safe machine is w________ used in thousands of factories now. 1. After half a year's work, our invention plan finally takes s________. B. 根据汉语提示写出单词正确形式 1. Soft plastic can ________ (塑造) into all kinds of small parts. 1. Many students can't ________ (负担得起) expensive lab tools. 1. This amazing ________ (创作品) changes people's daily life. 1. Careless operation is ________ (造成) most of the machine problems. 1. News about the new glider spread ________ (迅速地) online. 3.2　单句填空 1. Whether you can make a good model depends ________ your patience. 1. Young people hope to be independent ________ their parents one day. 1. Careless use of liquid ________ (be) responsible for the accident yesterday. 1. Every student must take ________ (responsible) for his own experiment. 1. With new tools, we can finish all tasks much ________ (rapid). 1. The story ________ (ideal) shows how Cai Lun made paper. 1. We can't afford ________ (spend) too much money on sticky materials. 1. This thin metal is ________ (suit) to make light glider wings. 1. Different life experiences ________ (shape) people's different ideas. 1. This useful invention is ________ (wide) accepted by all engineers. 1. When the worker saw the model plane, he opened his eyes ________ (wide). 1. The ________ (produce) of small robots becomes bigger every year. 1. Before mixing, you need to cut ________ all hard stone materials. 1. To our great ________ (surprise), the cheap machine works very well. 1. Later ________, this useful technology spread to many foreign countries. 易错提醒区（记录你在做题中发现的易错点）： Part 4　能力提升 能力提升·实战演练 4.1　完形填空 （共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 When Andrew invited me to go on a camping trip to the mountains, I imagined a wooden house with a shower and soft beds. But all became a nightmare (噩梦) when Andrew and his brother, Daniel, showed up with a truck ________ camping things — the tent, sleeping bags, and canteens (水壶，餐具盒). I did pack a backpack, ________ I had no idea we were going on an adventure! Daniel told me that we had a schedule to keep. So he ________ me to get in. Some time later, the mountains were in sight ahead. They ________ bigger than I had thought; the trees were larger, and the environment was much more dangerous... Before we began hiking, Daniel told us about hiking rules. The ________ part of the path (小路) was not that difficult. But soon, the path became narrower and steeper (陡峭的), forcing me to talk less. "It looks closer than it is," Daniel said, reading my expression. "This is the most difficult part ... ________ your step, not the view." Finally, we reached the top. My legs aching, I ________ my backpack and sat down. "No time to rest," Daniel said, looking up at the ________. "It had been ________ all day, and it felt good to relax in the cool breeze." "The weather up here changes quickly, and that cool air means a storm is around the corner. We need to set up camp now." I thought Daniel was kidding, but he was quite serious. So we had to work together to put up the tent, ________ thunder rumbling (发出隆隆声) and lightning flashing in the distance. Just after we finished, the storm did come. We quickly went ________. Daniel, realizing that I was ________, started sharing some stories about his past camping adventures. "Summer storms are strong but pass quickly," Andrew also tried to comfort me. "At least the rain will keep the bears ________," he joked with a smile. Before long, the storm ________, allowing us to get out of the tent. It was dark, but I was completely shocked by the fascinating view. ________ stars were shining in the night sky. I wouldn't lie — I was still longing for a shower and a soft bed, but as I looked at the sky, I knew this was an adventure I would never forget. 【选项】 题号 A B C D 36 covered with dealt with filled with mixed with 37 so if unless but 38 hurried wanted waited advised 39 stayed became appeared saw 40 only first last second 41 enjoy look watch remember 42 picked dropped lifted lowered 43 trees mountain stars sky 44 cold hot cloudy wet 45 against for since with 46 inside outside below above 47 satisfied relaxed scared sleepy 48 away awake available alive 49 died out died down took off took down 50 Priceless Meaningless Endless Countless 【答题卡】 题号 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 答案 错题订正区（记录你做错的题目及原因）： 4.2　选词填空 仔细阅读下面短文，用下面所给的单词或短语填空，使短文在结构、句义和逻辑上正确。 [ancient]　[energy]　[repeat]　[still]　[connected with]　[recorded]　[compared with] （提示：有两个单词或短语是多余的。） In Chinese culture, the red color stands for many good things, such as (66) ________ and happiness. But you had better not write names or letters with red pens. Why? In (67) ________ times, red was the symbol of power. Not everyone could write with red pens — only emperors. Writing names with red pens is also (68) ________ death. So people (69) ________ the criminals' names with red pens. Since words written in red carry bad meanings, people don't write letters with red pens. Nowadays, red pens are used for proofreading (校对). Teachers mark students' homework with a red pen. But writing names or letters with red pens is (70) ________ a bad idea. 【答题卡】 题号 66 67 68 69 70 答案 笔记区： —— 本讲完 —— 愿你将每一个创意变为现实！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $