Unit 5 语法讲义 2026-2027学年外研版七年级英语上册

本讲义聚焦一般将来时（be going to/will）核心知识点，先系统梳理be going to表“打算、计划”的基本结构、句式变化（肯定、否定、疑问、特殊疑问）及易错点，再讲解will表“预测、意愿”的用法，最后通过对比表格明确两者区别，构建从基础到应用的完整学习支架。 该资料特色在于结合“植物工厂”主题与植树节计划情境，语法学习融入真实语境提升语言能力。通过“易错点睛”和对比表格培养思维品质，综合训练与速记口诀助力学习能力。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后帮助学生自查自纠，有效巩固知识。

Unit 5 The power of plants 语法讲义 外研版(2022年版课程标准修订) 七年级上册 语法板块:一般将来时:be going to / will Unit 5 用「植物工厂」的比喻讲光合作用,读完后要谈植物对世界的意义,还要为植树节写一份计划。谈「将要发生什么」和「打算做什么」,用的就是一般将来时。本讲义按教材的顺序讲两种表达:be going to 侧重「打算、计划」,will 侧重「预测、意愿」。两套句式表完整给出,最后再解决一个问题——同一句话里,到底该用哪一个。 一、be going to:打算、计划做某事 (一)基本结构:be going to + 动词原形 如果想表达自己打算做某事、计划做某事或者有意做某事,可以用 be going to do sth 的结构(教材附录 p143)。其中 be 的形式仍然跟着主语变:I am/ He, She, It is/ We, You, They are。 He's going to start work in the plant. 他就要在植物工厂里开始工作了。(教材 p81,课文「Within a plant」) What are they going to produce? 它们打算生产什么?(教材 p81) Soon it's going to get dark. 很快天就要黑了。(教材 p81) I'm going to check my email this evening. 我打算今天晚上查看电子邮件。(教材附录 p143) He is going to have a piano lesson this weekend. 他这个周末有堂钢琴课。(教材附录 p143) 易错点睛 be going to 后面必须接动词原形,不能接三单或过去式。误:He is going to buys clothes. 正:He is going to buy clothes. 另外,going to 里的 go 已经是「去」的意思,别再写第二个 go。 (二)肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句及其回答 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 回答 I am going to visit the museum. I am not going to visit the museum. Am I going to visit the museum? Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. You are going to the park tomorrow. You are not going to the park tomorrow. Are you going to the park tomorrow? Yes, you are. / No, you aren't. He / She is going to buy some clothes. He / She is not going to buy any clothes. Is he / she going to buy any clothes? Yes, he / she is. / No, he / she isn't. It is going to rain. It is not going to rain. Is it going to rain? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't. We are going to have a picnic. We are not going to have a picnic. Are we going to have a picnic? Yes, we are. / No, we aren't. They are going to have a party. They are not going to have a party. Are they going to have a party? Yes, they are. / No, they aren't. 注:表格取自教材附录 p144。否定句与疑问句里,some 一般要改成 any(见 He is not going to buy any clothes.)。 (三)特殊疑问句:问「打算做什么、什么时候、在哪里」 询问某人在将来某一段时间打算做什么,用 What is / are … going to do…?;问时间用 When,问地点用 Where: What is he going to do this afternoon? 他今天下午要做什么? What are you going to do this weekend? 你这个周末要做什么? When is Helen going to visit her granddaughter in China? Helen 什么时候去中国看望她的孙女? Where is he going to have his birthday party? 他要在哪里办生日聚会? 注:例句取自教材附录 p144–145。 (四)be going to + 地点:go 可以省 如果表示计划到某地去,由于谓语动词 go 与 going 重复,一般只说 be going to + 地点(教材附录 p145): We are going to Hong Kong for a holiday. 我们要去香港度假。 They are going to China for a visit. 他们要出访中国。 易错点睛 「我们打算去香港」不能写成 We are going to go to Hong Kong.——going 已经含「去」的意思,写成 be going to + 地点即可。这是写作中最常见的一处重复。 二、will:预测将来、表达意愿 (一)基本结构:will + 动词原形,不随人称变 如果想描述未来的事情或表达对将来的预测,可以用 will + 动词原形。教材特别指出:will 不随人称和主语的单复数变化(附录 p145)。 They will take a rest. 它们将要休息了。(教材 p81) The water will rise up to the Leaf through the Stem. 水会通过茎上升到叶。(教材 p81) There will be sugar! 将会有糖!(教材 p81) Another product will be oxygen. 另一种产物将是氧气。(教材 p81) There will be a robot in every family in the future. 将来每个家庭都会有一个机器人。(教材附录 p145) Planes will be very large, so flying will be very cheap. 飞机将会很大,所以坐飞机会很便宜。(教材附录 p145) It will probably be hot all year. 很可能一整年都会很热。(教材附录 p145) 易错点睛 will 不随人称和单复数变化。误:He wills come. / They will comes. 正:He will come. / They will come. (二)否定句与疑问句 will 的否定在 will 后直接加 not,可缩略为 won't;一般疑问句把 will 提到句首: Students will study on the internet. They won't use books. 学生将在网上学习。他们将不使用书了。 The teachers won't write on the blackboard with chalk. 老师将不会再用粉笔在黑板上写字了。 Will students go to school in the future? 将来学生还会上学吗? 注:例句取自教材附录 p145。 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 回答 I will have many presents. I will not (won't) have many presents. Will I have many presents? Yes, I will. / No, I won't. He / She will do exciting jobs. He / She will not (won't) do exciting jobs. Will he / she do exciting jobs? Yes, he / she will. / No, he / she won't. They will do heavy work. They will not (won't) do heavy work. Will they do heavy work? Yes, they will. / No, they won't. There will be a robot in every family. There will not (won't) be a robot in every family. Will there be a robot in every family? Yes, there will. / No, there won't. 注:表格取自教材附录 p146。回答用 will / won't,不要用 do / don't。 易错点睛 There be 的将来时是 There will be,不是 There will have。误:There will have a robot. 正:There will be a robot. 这一条几乎年年都被考到。 (三)特殊疑问句 will 的特殊疑问句结构为:疑问词 + will + 主语 + 谓语(+ 宾语)(教材附录 p146): When will you come? 你什么时候来? Where will they go for a trip? 他们会去哪里旅行? 三、be going to 还是 will? 教材把两者并列介绍,说明在很多情况下它们可以互换:He will visit his friend this weekend. 与 He is going to visit his friend this weekend. 意思基本相同。但语感上有细微差别,可以按下面的表格选用: 语境 用哪个 例 事先想好的打算、计划 be going to I'm going to check my email this evening. 我打算今晚查看电子邮件。 有迹象表明即将发生 be going to Look at the clouds! It is going to rain. 看那些云!要下雨了。 对将来的预测 will It will probably be hot all year. 很可能一整年都会很热。 临时做出的决定、承诺 will Don't worry. I'll help you. 别担心,我来帮你。 客观描述将来会发生的事 两者常可互换 Students will study on the internet. 学生将在网上学习。 中考考法 ①「用所给动词的适当形式填空」:先看句中是否有 tomorrow / next week / soon / this weekend 等将来时间标志,再决定用 will 还是 be going to——两者后面都接动词原形,这正是评分点。② There be 的将来时只写 There will be(或 There is going to be),写成 There will have 直接判错。③ 单项选择常把 will 与 be going to 放在一起设选项:语境里出现「打算、计划」优先选 be going to。 四、综合训练(情境:植树节活动计划) 下面三组练习覆盖本单元的全部语法。建议先合上讲义独立完成,再对照答案逐题回看错处。 练习一 用括号中动词的适当形式填空(will 或 be going to) 1. He (start) work in the plant at half past seven. 2. The water (rise) up to the leaf through the stem. 3. There (be) sugar after the workers mix water, CO2 and sunlight. 4. Look at the clouds! It (rain) soon. 5. They (take) a rest after a day's work. 6. We (walk) through the Great Bear Rainforest today. 7. I'm sure it (rain) later. Please take a raincoat. 8. Look up and you (see) clouds at the top of these trees. 注:第 6–8 题取材教材 p83 活动 7「Welcome to the Great Bear Rainforest」,只保留空格。 练习二 按要求改写句子 1. They will take a rest.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) 2. He is going to buy some clothes.(改为否定句) 3. There will be a robot in every family.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) 4. Helen is going to visit her granddaughter in China.(对划线部分 in China 提问) 5. We are going to Hong Kong for a holiday.(改为一般疑问句) 练习三 微写作 用 be going to 和 will 各写一句,介绍你为植树节做的打算。参考句式:We are going to…/ It will be…/ I'm going to plant…/ More plants will make… 参考答案与解析 练习一 1. is going to start(或 will start) 2. will rise 3. will be 4. is going to rain 5. will take 6. will walk 7. will rain 8. will see 解析:第 1 题是 Worker No. 55 的固定工作安排,两种都可以(is going to start 或 will start);第 2、3、5 题是对植物工厂运作的客观描述,用 will;第 4 题前面有 Look at the clouds!,这是「有迹象表明即将发生」,用 is going to rain 最贴切;第 6–8 题是导游对行程和天气的预报,用 will。 练习二 1. Will they take a rest? —No, they won't. 2. He isn't going to buy any clothes. 3. Will there be a robot in every family? —Yes, there will. 4. Where is Helen going to visit her granddaughter? 5. Are you going to Hong Kong for a holiday? 解析:第 1 题把 will 提到句首,否定回答用 won't;第 2 题 is not going to 后,some 改成 any;第 3 题 There be 的疑问句是把 will 提到 there 前面;第 4 题问地点用 Where,其余语序不变;第 5 题 are 提到句首即可,going to 后面的地点短语不动。 练习三 参考:We are going to plant some trees on Planting Day. I'm going to ask my friends to join us. It will be hard work, but we will have fun. More plants will make the air clean. 自查:① will / be going to 后面的动词是不是原形?② There be 的将来时写成 There will be 了吗?③ be going to 后面有没有多写一个 go? 五、速记口诀 两者后面都跟动词原形:will do/ be going to do。 be 跟着主语变:am / is / are going to。 will 不变形;否定 won't,疑问把 will 提前。 There be 的将来时只有 There will be。 去某地:be going to + 地点,别写两个 go。 打算计划用 be going to,预测意愿用 will。 学习小建议:读完课文「Within a plant」,把里面所有含 will 和 be going to 的句子抄在同一个表格里,左边写句子,右边写「是打算还是预测」。这张表格做完,两种用法的分别就不需要再讲。 外研版七年级上册 Unit 5 语法讲义(The power of plants) 第 页 / 共 页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $