Unit 2 语法讲义 2026-2027学年外研版英语七年级上册

2026-09-19
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摘要:

本初中英语讲义聚焦一般现在时核心语法点,以“爱好”主题为载体,构建“be动词(am/is/are随主语变化、否定疑问及后接结构)—行为动词(原形与三单变化、do/does辅助否定疑问、特殊疑问句)”双线学习支架,最终在第三人称单数处实现知识交汇,形成系统学习脉络。 该资料以主题驱动语法学习,通过分线拆解降低难度,精准突出三单变化、be与行为动词混用等易错点。情境化练习(如社团招新周微写作)助力语言能力提升,速记口诀与教材例句结合培养学习能力,辨析错误过程中发展思维品质,课中辅助教师高效授课,课后帮助学生查漏补缺。

内容正文:

Unit 2 More than fun 语法讲义 外研版(2022年版课程标准修订)· 七年级上册 语法板块:一般现在时 Unit 2 的主题是「爱好」:课堂上要用英语谈自己的爱好、说明爱好带来的好处,最后为学校的一个社团拟一份计划。要谈爱好,就得说清「我平时做什么、多久做一次」,这正是「一般现在时」的用武之地。本讲义把一般现在时拆成两条线:一条是 be 动词(am / is / are 怎么随主语换形),一条是行为动词(怎么加 -s、怎么借助 do / does 提问和否定)。两条线最后会在同一个地方相遇——第三人称单数,这是本单元最容易失分的一处。文末配了原创小题,可以当堂自测。 一、be 动词的一般现在时 (一)am / is / are 随主语走 be 动词的一般现在时用来谈论「现在的状态」——年龄、身份、身体状况、位置等。它的形式完全跟着主语变: 主语 be 动词 例句 I am I am 12 years old. 我 12 岁了。 He / She / It is It is cheap. 它很便宜。 We / You / They are They are our friends. 他们是我们的朋友。 注:本表依据教材附录 p138 的归纳整理。先记三句话——我配 am,他、她、它配 is,其余都配 are。 易错点睛 主语是单数名词时也按「他 / 她 / 它」处理:My father is a doctor./ The fruit is very fresh.(教材附录 p139 原句)— fruit 在这里作不可数名词,所以用 is。 中考考法 用 am / is / are 填空是七年级最高频的小题;改为否定句、一般疑问句常见于「按要求完成句子」。失分点几乎都集中在 be 与行为动词混用(× He is likes music.)。 (二)否定句和疑问句:be 动词「自己动手」 be 动词的否定式,直接在 be 后面加 not(可以缩写);一般疑问句,把 be 提到句首。教材用一张表把它总结得很清楚: 肯定句 否定句 疑问句 回答 I am Chinese. I am not Chinese. Am I Chinese? — He is an English boy. He is not (isn't) an English boy. Is he an English boy? Yes, he is. / No, he isn't. It is cheap. It is not (isn't) cheap. Is it cheap? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't. We are from America. We are not (aren't) from America. Are we from America? Yes, we are. / No, we aren't. 注:表格例句取自教材附录 p138–139。回答不能只说光秃秃的 Yes / No,要带上主语和 be:Yes, he is. / No, he isn't. 易错点睛 be 动词的疑问句不借助 do / does。误:Do you are a student? ❌ 正:Are you a student? ✓ 动笔之前先问自己一句「这个句子里有没有 be」,就不会写错。 (三)be 动词后面常接什么 教材归纳了四种情况,它们决定了写句子时该把什么放在 be 后面: 结构 教材例句 be + 形容词 I am very happy. 我很幸福。/ He is very kind. 他人非常好。/ The fruit is very fresh. 这水果很新鲜。 be + 名词 Mr Wang is our English teacher. 王先生是我们的英语老师。/ They are our friends. 他们是我们的朋友。 be + 介词短语 The book is on the desk. 书在桌子上。/ She is at home. 她现在在家。 be + 副词 Class is over. 下课了。/ We are off now. 我们要走了。/ The cat is here. 猫在这里。 注:例句全部取自教材附录 p139。 易错点睛 be 后面接可数名词单数时别忘了 a / an:He is a very clever boy.(教材原句)而 They are our friends. 里的 friends 是复数,所以不加 a。 二、行为动词的一般现在时 (一)它记录的是「经常发生的事」 如果说 be 动词像一台「状态相机」,行为动词的一般现在时就是一台「习惯记录仪」——它记录的是平时反复发生的事。教材的这一组例句,说的都是同学们每天都在做的事: We go to school every day. 我们每天去上学。 We clean our classroom after class. 下课后我们打扫教室。 Sometimes we play football in the playground. 有时我们在操场上踢足球。 教材还补了一句:如果表示的是现在的状态,也可以用一般现在时——I know him very well. 我和他很熟。/ I like English very much. 我非常喜欢英语。(附录 p140) 注:以上例句取自教材附录 p139–140。 (二)I / you / we / they 作主语:动词用原形 第一人称、第二人称和复数主语后面,谓语动词没有形式变化,一律用原形;否定式在动词前加 do not(don't): We go to school from Monday to Friday. We don't go to school at the weekend. 我们周一到周五上学,周末不上学。 I don't go to school on Sunday. I go to the park on Sunday. 我周日不上学,去公园。 易错点睛 don't 后面必须用动词原形。误:I don't goes to school… ❌ 正:I don't go to school… ✓ (三)主语是第三人称单数:动词要加 -s 或 -es 主语是「一个人或一样东西」——he / she / it、单数名词、不可数名词、不定代词——时,谓语动词要变成第三人称单数形式: 规则 示例 一般情况下,动词后直接加 -s stands, looks, speaks, plays, likes 以 s, x, z, ch, sh 结尾的动词,直接加 -es guesses, fixes, buzzes, catches, finishes 以辅音字母 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i 再加 -es flies, tries, worries, copies 特殊变化,需要单独记 have–has, go–goes, do–does, be–is 注:表格依据教材附录 p141。 回到课文里,立刻就能找到第三人称单数的身影: He likes playing the erhu in the park with his friends. 他喜欢和朋友们在公园拉二胡。(教材 p32,课文「Rock music meets the erhu」) They sing Beijing opera together. 他们一起唱京剧。(教材 p32) Li Bo is a big fan of Beijing opera. He likes singing it, too. 李博是京剧的超级粉丝,他也喜欢唱京剧。(教材 p35 活动 5) Wang Wei and her sister love paper-cutting. 王薇和她的姐姐喜欢剪纸。(教材 p35 活动 5) 易错点睛 同是教材 p35 活动 5 里还有一句 This kind of art is over a thousand years old.——这是一个隐藏考点:主语的中心词是 kind(单数),所以用 is。主语里带 of 短语时,谓语跟 of 前面的中心词保持一致。 中考考法 三单变化是三处易错点的集中地:加 -es(watch→watches)、变 y 为 i(study→studies)、特殊形式(have→has, go→goes)。做题时只要主语是单数第三人称,先在动词上做记号。 (四)第三人称单数的否定与疑问:does 出现,-s 消失 否定在动词前加 does not(doesn't),疑问在句首加 Does。无论否定还是疑问,后面的实义动词都要还原成原形。教材用一组对比把这一点点得明明白白: 肯定:He gets up very early. 他起床很早。 否定:He doesn't get up very early. 他起床不是很早。(gets 回到 get) 询问某人是否经常做某事,教材给的问答样例是:— Does he play the piano every day? 他每天都练钢琴吗?— No, he doesn't./ — Does she go to school by bike? 她骑自行车上学吗? — Yes, she does./ — Does it eat meat? 它吃肉吗? — No, it doesn't.(附录 p140) 肯定句 否定句 疑问句 回答 He speaks good English. He doesn't speak good English. Does he speak good English? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. She lives in the city. She doesn't live in the city. Does she live in the city? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. The panda comes from China. The panda doesn't come from China. Does the panda come from China? Yes, it does. / No, it doesn't. 注:表格取自教材附录 p141。回答里用 does / doesn't,不是 is / isn't。 易错点睛 这是本单元最大的失分点,一句话记住:does 出现,-s 消失。误:He doesn't likes music. ❌/ Does she goes to school by bike? ❌ 正:He doesn't like music. ✓/ Does she go to school by bike? ✓ 拓展 主语是不可数名词或不定代词时,也按第三人称单数处理:Everyone is here./ Something is wrong with my bike. 教材里 This kind of art is… 用的就是这种「整体作单数」的判断。 三、特殊疑问句:问方式、地点、时间 如果想知道「怎么做、在哪里做、什么时候做」,把疑问词放在句首,后面的语序跟一般疑问句一样: How do I write my homework on the computer? 我如何在电脑上写作业? Where do I write the name? 我在什么地方写名字? When do you use a computer? 你什么时候使用电脑? 注:例句取自教材附录 p141。 易错点睛 疑问词后面用 do 还是 does,同样看主语:主语是第三人称单数就用 does,后面动词还原。误:When does he uses a computer? ❌ 正:When does he use a computer? ✓ 中考考法 「对划线部分提问」是必考题型,三步走:① 先定疑问词(时间 When、地点 Where、方式 How、频率 How often);② 补上 do / does;③ 检查动词是否还原成原形。 四、综合训练(情境:学校社团招新周) 下面三组练习覆盖本单元全部语法。建议先合上讲义独立完成,再对照答案逐题回看错处。 练习一 用括号中动词的适当形式填空 1. My sister ______ (like) drawing. She ______ (draw) a picture every Sunday. 2. — What ______ you ______ (do) after school? — I ______ (play) basketball. 3. There ______ (be) many young traditional art lovers in our school. 4. Li Bo ______ (be) a big fan of Beijing opera. He ______ (like) singing it, too. 5. Wang Wei and her sister ______ (love) paper-cutting. This kind of art ______ (be) over a thousand years old. 6. The students in the reading club ______ (read) every Friday. They ______ (meet) together in the library. 注:第 3–6 题取材教材 p35 活动 5、活动 6,改动只在空格。 练习二 按要求改写句子 1. He plays the electric guitar in the school band.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) 2. Grandpa likes playing the erhu in the park.(改为否定句) 3. I go to the park on Sunday.(用 She 改写句子,其余不变) 4. Wang Shuai plays volleyball every week.(对划线部分 every week 提问) 练习三 微写作 用一般现在时写 4–5 句介绍你的爱好,句子中至少出现一个第三人称单数形式。参考句式:My hobby is…/ I like…/ He / She likes…/ I often…/ It makes me… 参考答案与解析 练习一 1. likes; draws 2. do; do; play 3. are 4. is; likes 5. love; is 6. read; meet 解析:第 3 题 There be 后面的真正主语是 many young traditional art lovers(复数),所以用 are;第 4 题 Li Bo 是三单,所以 has→is、like→likes;第 5 题主语 Wang Wei and her sister 是两个人,动词用原形 love,而 This kind of art 作整体单数,用 is;第 6 题 The students 是复数,动词用原形 read 和 meet。 练习二 1. Does he play the electric guitar in the school band? —No, he doesn't.     2. Grandpa doesn't like playing the erhu in the park.     3. She goes to the park on Sunday.     4. How often does Wang Shuai play volleyball? 解析:第 1 题加了 Does 之后,plays 必须还原为 play;第 3 题主语换成了 She,动词要变三单 goes;第 4 题 every week 回答的是频率,所以用 How often,助动词用 does,play 还原。 练习三 参考:My hobby is playing the piano. I often play it after school. Sometimes I play for my friends. My sister likes listening to my music. It makes me happy. 自查:① 主语是第三人称单数的动词加 -s 了吗?② 否定句和疑问句里的动词还原了吗? 五、速记口诀 be 动词看主语:我用 am,他、她、它用 is,其余都用 are。 be 的否定疑问「自己动手」:not 加在 be 后面,疑问把 be 提到句首,不用 do。 行为动词看主语:不是我、不是你、只有一个,就加 -s / -es。 does 出现,-s 消失:doesn't 和 Does 后面的动词一律回原形。 问「怎么、在哪、何时」:疑问词 + do / does + 主语 + 动词原形? 学习小建议:一般现在时的规则不难,难在「每次都想到」。做完题后回课文里找三句含三单的句子抄下来,比如 He likes playing the erhu…/ Li Bo is a big fan…/ This kind of art is…,记例子比记规则更管用。 外研版七年级上册 Unit 2 语法讲义(More than fun) 第 页 / 共 页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 2 语法讲义 2026-2027学年外研版英语七年级上册
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Unit 2 语法讲义 2026-2027学年外研版英语七年级上册
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