精品解析：上海市上海交通大学附属中学闵行分校2026-2027学年高二上学期开学考英语试卷

上海市上海交通大学闵行分校2026-2027学年高二上学期开学考 （暑期作业验收）英语试卷 （时间120分钟 满分150分） I. Listening Comprehension (25分) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. In a library. B. In a bookstore. C. In the museum. D. At the coffee bar. 2. A. Collecting old stuffs. B. Fake historical stories. C. Buying and selling stuff. D. Reproducing historical items. 3. A. Ten. B. Six. C. Two. D. Nine. 4. A. Terrific. B. Awkward. C. Comfortable. D. Terrible. 5. A. The woman is going on a trip to China. B. The man knows very little about China. C. The woman is asking for help for her report. D. The woman’s report is concerned with Chinese food. 6. A. The woman does need a pair of sunglasses. B. The man doesn’t worry about the woman at all. C. The woman is packing up her luggage for a trip. D. The woman is going on a trip to the lake with her class. 7. A. He is very thirsty. B. He is heartbroken. C. He has some trouble with his heart. D. It will take him a long time to recover. 8. A. She is going to buy a piece of wood. B. She is going to load the wood into the car. C. She is going to drive her car up into the yard. D. She is going to a yard with several gentlemen. 9. A. The woman has made a deal with the man. B. The two speakers do not reach an agreement. C. The woman can still give up the deal right now. D. The two speakers are dealing with something together. 10. A. He doesn’t agree with the woman. B. He is hesitating between black and white. C. He is persuaded by the woman’s argument. D. He knows little about the woman’s investigation. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. It has helped solve the problem of climate change. B. It has raised the standard of living for many people. C. It has well equipped us to face universal challenges. D. It has made us fully understand the complexity of nature. 12. A. It can reveal humanity problems. B. It can enhance the capacity of people’s minds. C. It can ask researchers question about the nature. D. It can boost fundamental breakthroughs in science. 13. A. Advances and challenges of science. B. AI’s role in promoting science advances. C. Applications of data in scientific research. D. Debate on whether to develop AI technology. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. 5G uses cables while 4G uses clouds. B. 5G has a much better capacity than 4G. C. It takes 6 minutes to download film on 5G. D. 5G will replace 4G completely by 2025. 15. A. We can depend more on the Internet. B. We can create different cloud to store data. C. We can separate customers based on the net they use. D. We can enjoy a better and safer self-driving experience. 16. A. The problems presented by 5G. B. The differences between 5G and 4G. C. The definition and application of 5G. D. The time when we can start using 5G. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Looking after your neighbor’s glass. B. Introducing yourself and giving a short bow. C. Trying to shake hands with Japanese people. D. Using the serving chopsticks to get the food. 18. A. One is expected to give a short bow. B. One should arrive 15 minutes earlier. C. One shouldn’t sit down before hosts. D. One shouldn’t split the cost with others. 19. A. They may be working at the office. B. They may be back from the airport. C. They may be having a conference. D. They may be having a meal together. 20. A. Business trips to different countries. B. Advice for dining manners in Japan. C. Different cultures of Japan and Italy. D. Comparisons between Japan and Italy. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (45分) Section A (25分) Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. The research station was built in a lonely and remote zone, around _______ towering snow-capped mountains with extremely few plants or wild grasses growing on them. A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：这个研究站建在一个偏僻遥远的区域，它的周围是高耸的雪山，山上极少生长植物或野草。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词zone，地点名词，介词around后需用关系代词which作宾语，排除B、D选项。同时，该定语从句使用了完全倒装结构，表方位的介词短语around which置于句首，真正的主语是后面的towering snow-capped mountains，为复数名词，故谓语动词需用复数形式were。 2. Walking in the woods with her boyfriend on a warm spring evening, Cindy lost her gold ring and ________. A. she could not find it nowhere B. nowhere could she find it C. she could nowhere find it D. could she nowhere find it 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：在一个温暖的春天的傍晚，辛迪和她的男朋友在树林里散步时，弄丢了她的金戒指，而且到处都找不到。当否定副词nowhere“无处，到处都不”置于句首表示强调时，句子需要使用部分倒装结构，即将助动词、情态动词或be动词提到主语之前。选项B中，nowhere位于句首，情态动词could提到了主语she之前，构成了部分倒装，符合语法规则。 3. There is no rule in the scientific method ________ is subject to revision when new evidence emerges. A. as B. that C. but D. which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：科学研究方法中，没有任何一条规则在新证据出现时是不能被修正的。分析句子可知，该句为固定特殊句式：There is no + 名词 + but + 定语从句，此处but相当于that/which…not，表没有……不……，构成双重否定表肯定。 4. The young scientist has developed a new device ________ air pollution more accurately than ever before. A. which he can measure B. with which measures C. with which to measure D. which to measure 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：这位年轻的科学家已经开发出一种新的装置，用这个装置可以比以往任何时候都更准确地测量空气污染。a device with which to do sth. 表示“可用来做某事的设备”，是定语从句的简化用法；which指代device，with表“借助，用”，measure“测量”，用不定式。 5. — See to it that the window ________ before you leave the classroom. — But the window just ________ shut properly. A. is closed… doesn’t B. is closed… won’t C. will be closed… won’t D. will be closed… doesn’t 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：——务必保证你离开教室前窗户是关好的。——但这扇窗户就是关不严。第一句中，see to it that...是固定句型，从句需要用一般现在时表要求，且谓语动词close和主语the window之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态is closed；第二空表示窗户本身就有“关不严”的固有属性，习惯用won’t表达这种顽固的倾向。 6. ________ the scholar’s intelligence and respected his opinions, she could not bring herself to agree with his controversial proposal. A. As she admired B. Admire although she might C. Much as she admired D. Despite she admired 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：尽管她钦佩这位学者的才智，也尊重他的观点，但她还是无法让自己同意他那有争议的提议。根据句意，前后句之间是转折关系，需要能引导让步状语从句的结构。as引导让步状语从句时，需将表语、状语或动词原形提到句首，A项错误；although引导让步状语从句无需倒装，B项错误；despite不能接从句，D项错误；只有C项“Much as+主语+谓语”是正确的让步状语从句倒装结构。 7. ______ which competitor could have launched such a highly competitive product in such a short time, the CEO of the company called an urgent meeting with the marketing and research teams. A. Left wondering B. Leaving wondering C. Leaving wondered D. Left wondered 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：公司CEO不知道哪个竞争对手能在这么短的时间内推出如此有竞争力的产品，于是召集营销和研发团队召开紧急会议。“leave…”作原因状语，leave(让……处于)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语the CEO之间是被动关系，用过去分词left表被动；wonder(想知道，好奇)作主语补足语，与其逻辑主语the CEO之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。 8. It is vital ________ artificial intelligence transparency standards ________ established to prevent algorithmic bias. Ethical frameworks and regulatory oversight are essential for trustworthy AI development. A. that; be B. why; are C. how; are D. what; are to be 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：建立人工智能透明度标准以防止算法偏见是至关重要的。道德框架和监管监督对于值得信赖的人工智能发展至关重要。“It is vital that...”为固定句型，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，且从句必须用虚拟语气，谓语部分为(should) do。 9. It was thirty years ________ he was invited as an outstanding alumnus to celebrate the 128th anniversary of the university. A. when B. before C. since D. as 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查连词。句意：整整三十年之后，他才被邀请作为杰出校友参加这所大学的 128 周年校庆活动。A. when当……时候；B. before到……为止,到……之前；C. since既然；D. as因为。It be+ 一段时间+before是固定句型，意思是“过了多少时间才……”。故选B。 10. This village is the kind of peaceful place ________ can heal a weary soul. A. which everyone believes B. where everyone believes C. everyone believes it D. everyone believes that 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个村庄就是那种能让人心灵得到慰藉的宁静之所，大家都认为它能抚慰疲惫的心灵。此处为定语从句修饰先行词place，在从句作主语，指物，故用which引导，everyone believes为插入语，where是关系副词，只能作状语，不能作主语，所以不选B；C、D结构错误，含有多余的代词或引导词。故选A。 11. ______ with the severe pollution problem, the local government is now taking a series of measures, none of ______, however, seems to be effective so far. A. Faced; which B. Facing; which C. Faced; them D. Facing; them 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：面对严重的污染问题，当地政府现在正在采取一系列措施，然而到目前为止，这些措施似乎都没有效果。be faced with是固定短语，意为“面对”，在句中作状语，所以用过去分词形式；none of ______, however, seems to be effective so far.是一个非限制性定语从句，用来修饰先行词a series of measures，用关系代词which 引导。故选A。 12. The student ______ in the library over the weekend was praised by the teacher, for he finished the assignment ahead of schedule. A. to study B. studying C. studied D. having studied 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那个周末在图书馆学习的学生受到了老师的表扬，因为他提前完成了作业。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，动词study与逻辑主语the student是主动关系，且study的动作与主句谓语praised的动作同时发生，应用现在分词形式。故选B项。 13. It must be the malware-infected file ________ the intern carelessly downloaded during maintenance ________ ultimately caused the entire system to crash. A. that; which B. that; what C. which; which D. which; that 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：肯定是实习生运维时不小心下载的那个带恶意软件的文件，最终导致整个系统崩溃了。A. that; which那个/哪个；B. that; what那个/什么；C. which; which哪个/哪个；D. which; that哪个/那个。第一空引导定语从句，修饰先行词the malware-infected file，且从句中缺少宾语，用关系代词that/which； 第二空为强调句型“It is/was… that… ”结构，用来强调句子主语the malware-infected file。故选D项。 14. The sculpture crafted by the artist attracts numerous admirers, but twenty years ago no one could have imagined how crucial a position he ________ in the art world. A. was occupying B. had occupied C. occupied D. was to occupy 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：这位艺术家创作的雕塑吸引了众多欣赏者，但二十年前没人能想象到他日后会在艺术界占据如此重要的地位。句中could have imagined表示过去的想象，其后的宾语从句需表达“从过去看将来会发生的事”，was to occupy用be to do结构表示过去将来时，符合语境；was occupying是过去进行时，表过去正在进行的动作，had occupied是过去完成时，表过去的过去，occupied是一般过去时，均无法体现过去对未来的预判。故选D项。 15. The manager assigned tasks in such a manner ________ experienced leaders adopt to maximize team efficiency, carefully considering each member’s strengths and weaknesses. A. that B. what C. as D. where 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位经理以经验丰富的领导者所采用的方式分配任务，以最大限度地提高团队效率，仔细考虑了每位成员的长处和短处。分析句子并结合句意可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为a manner，用such修饰，且在从句中作adopt的宾语，表示物，用关系代词as引导从句。故选C。 16. The main reason why Asian elephants are endangered is _________ used to be home to them have been seriously destroyed. A. where B. what C. that where D. that what 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查表语从句和主语从句。句意：亚洲象濒临灭绝的主要原因在于，它们曾经的栖息地已被严重破坏。空处既要充当is的表语，还要作have been seriously destroyed的主语，主语从句缺少主语，结合“used to be home”可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词，补全主语从句后，表语从句的成分和语义均完整，应用连接词that作引导词，that不可省略。故选D。 17. Chemical processes _________ in the plastic manufacture _________ the environment of this village badly in the 1950s. A. involving; damaging B. involved; damaging C. involving; damaged D. involved; damaged 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词时态。句意：在二十世纪五十年代，涉及塑料制造的化学过程严重破坏了该村庄的环境。第一空是非谓语，作Chemical processes的后置定语，短语be involved in意为“涉及，牵涉”，involve和Chemical processes逻辑上是被动关系，因此用involve的过去分词形式；第二空作谓语，结合“in the 1950s”可知，时态需用一般过去时，因此用damage“破坏”的过去式。故选D。 18. The board ordered the strategic initiative _________ in the proposal _________ by next week. A. referred to… was implemented B. centered around… was implemented C. referred to… be implemented D. centered around… be implemented 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词与虚拟语气。句意：董事会要求提案中提及的战略举措在下周前被执行。A. referred to…was implemented提及……被执行；B. centered around…was implemented围绕……被执行；C. referred to…be implemented提及……被执行；D. centered around…be implemented围绕……被执行。结合order后接宾语从句需用“(should)+动词原形”的虚拟语气规则，第二空需用be implemented；referred to in the proposal是过去分词短语作后置定语，意为“提案中被提及的”，符合“战略举措”与“提案”的关联，而centered around不符合“提案中举措”的语义，故选C。 19. Globalization, ________ economies, cultures, and societies become interconnected, has transformed international trade and communication. A. by which the process B. by the process C. the process by which D. which by the process 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：全球化——即经济、文化和社会相互连接的过程——已经改变了国际贸易和通信。根据句子分析可知，此处作Globalization的同位语，解释说明它是一个怎样的过程，故应用the process作其同位语，后跟by which引导定语从句，by which在从句中作方式状语，表示“通过这个过程，经济、文化和社会相互连接”。故选C。 20. It is high time that the authorities ________ the city’s aging infrastructure, ________ the growing strain placed on public services by rapid urbanisation. A. have tackled; given B. tackled; given C. tackled; giving D. have tackled; being given 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和介词。句意：鉴于快速城市化给公共服务带来的压力越来越大，当局是时候解决该市老化的基础设施问题了。固定句型It is high time that...表示“现在是……的时候了”，that从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词用过去式或should do的形式，故第一个空应填tackled，表示“解决、处理”；given可用作介词，表示“鉴于、考虑到”，后接名词短语，符合句子和句意。故选B。 21. The ancient castle, _________the towering walls had witnessed centuries of history, was finally opened to the public. A. which B. whose C. of which D. that 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：那座古城堡的高耸城墙见证了数百年的历史，它最终向公众开放了。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The ancient castle，先行词与名词短语the towering walls是所属关系，即the towering walls of the ancient castle，所以此处用介词of+which表所属，引导该从句。此处也可换成whose，即The ancient castle, whose towering walls had witnessed centuries of history，与本题题干不相符合。故选C。 22. _________, we must never lose our faith in the power of persistence. A. As the challenges may be great B. Great as the challenges may be C. However the challenges may be great D. No matter great the challenges may be 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句的倒装句。句意：尽管挑战可能十分艰巨，但我们绝不能丧失对坚持不懈力量的信心。此处为让步状语从句，一类结构：no matter how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语，故D选项错误；二类结构：however+形容词/副词+主语+谓语，故C选项错误；A选项中as表“尽管”时必须倒装，正常语序表“因为”，逻辑不符，排除B选项为as引导的让步状语从句的部分倒装句。将形容词great置于as之前。故选B。 23. She devotes herself to protecting such endangered species, facing habitat loss and illegal hunting, ________ are crucial to maintaining the balance of the global ecosystem. A. that B. which C. as D. who 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她致力于保护这些濒危物种，它们正面临着栖息地丧失和非法捕猎的威胁，而它们对于维持全球生态系统的平衡至关重要。“____ are crucial to maintaining the balance of the global ecosystem”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词endangered species，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，且先行词前有such修饰，常用特殊关系代词as引导从句。故选C项。 24. English is the modern equivalent of _________ used to be called Old English, from which many current English words developed. A. that B. all C. which D. what 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：英语是现代版相当于过去被称为古英语的语言，许多现代英语单词就是从古英语发展而来的。A. that引导宾语从句无意义；B. all所有的；C. which引导宾语从句，表示“哪个”；D. what引导宾语从句，作主语，表示“……的东西/事物”。of后面是一个宾语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“……的东西/事物”，所以用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故选D项。 25. The theory he firmly sticks to, despite many colleagues’ skepticism and repeated attempts to oppose it, __________ to be completely useless in his new job __________ he struggles to adapt due to its inherent conflict with new methods. A. is proved; where B. proves; with which C. proves; to which D. prove; how 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态和定语从句。句意：尽管许多同事持怀疑态度并多次试图反对，但他坚持的理论，在他努力适应新工作的过程中，被证明完全无用，因为该理论与新方法存在内在冲突。第一空所在句子的主语是“The theory”，“he firmly sticks to”是定语从句修饰“The theory”，第一空是句子的谓语动词，根据语境可知，此处描述的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时，且主语是单数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式“proves”；第二空所在句子是一个定语从句，先行词是“new job”，在从句中作介词“to”的宾语，构成“adapt to the new job”的结构，所以用“to which”引导定语从句。故选C项。 Section B (20分) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. finances B. continued C. decline D. addressing E. pressured AB. unneedy AC. giving AD. charges AE. tempered BC. skipping BD. cause How to Check Out a Charity Before You Donate You hear the words “childhood disease” or “natural disaster,” and it can be hard to say no to donation requests to help. But your instinct to be generous always should be ___26___ by a healthy dose of doubt. The recent crackdown launched by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) on four cancer charities a good reminder to make sure your donations are put to good use. So how can you make sure that the money you give doesn’t end up lining the pockets of the ___27___ ? Follow these tips. Hang up on telemarketers. The cancer charities charged with fraud by the FTC used telemarketing calls to raise donations. If you get a call from a group asking for money, you might feel ___28___ to make a donation on the spot. But the FTC cautions that you shouldn’t rush to say yes but ___29___ any requests to give over the phone. Telemarketing companies often keep a significant portion of the funds they raise. You’re better off ___30___ the middleman and contacting a charity directly to make a donation. Don’t wait for charities to come to you. To avoid feeling the pressure to give to an organization that reaches out to you, figure out what ___31___ is important to you. Then find charities that are ___32___ it. You can browse charities that have been evaluated by Charity Navigator by category to identify groups you want to support. Having a(n) ___33___ plan will make it easier to avoid making impulse donations. Research before you give. The FTC ___34___ against the four cancer charities shows that just because an organization claims to do good doesn’t mean it actually does. That’s why it’s important to find out as much as you can about how an organization will use your donation before you give. You can start with third-party evaluations and ratings at sites such as Charity Navigator and Charity Watch, which examine charities’ ____35____, governance and effectiveness. 【答案】26. AE 27. AB 28. E 29. C 30. BC 31. BD 32. D 33. AC 34. AD 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何在捐赠前检查慈善机构。 【26题详解】 考查动词。句意：但你慷慨大方的本能总是应该被适量的怀疑所缓和。根据句意可知，此处表示“使缓和”，应用动词temper，与主语your instinct是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，与空前should be构成被动语态。故选AE。 【27题详解】 考查形容词。句意：那么，你怎样才能确保你捐出的钱不会落入那些不需要的人的口袋呢？根据句意可知，此处表示“不需要的”，应用形容词unneedy，与the联用，表示一类人。故选AB。 【28题详解】 考查形容词。句意：如果你接到一个要钱的团体打来的电话，你可能会感到有压力，不得不当场捐款。根据句意可知，此处表示“感到有压力的”，应用形容词pressured，作表语。故选E。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：但联邦贸易委员会警告说，你不应该急于答应，但拒绝任何通过电话提供的请求。根据句意可知，此处表示“拒绝”，应用decline，与say并列，应用动词原形。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：你最好跳过中间商，直接联系慈善机构进行捐赠。根据句意可知，此处表示“跳过”，应用动词skip，固定搭配be better off doing sth.“做某事较好”。故选BC。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：为了避免给一个接触你的组织带来压力，弄清楚什么对你来说是重要的。然后找到资助它的慈善机构。根据句意可知，此处表示“原因”，应用名词cause。故选BD。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意：然后找到解决这个问题的慈善机构。根据句意可知，此处表示“解决”，应用动词address，与主语是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，与are构成现在进行时。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查名词。句意：有一个捐赠计划会让你更容易避免冲动捐赠。根据句意可知，此处表示“捐赠”，应用名词giving，修饰名词plan，作定语。故选AC。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：联邦贸易委员会对四家癌症慈善机构的指控表明，仅仅因为一个组织声称做好事并不意味着它真的在做好事。根据句意可知，此处表示“指控”，应用名词charge，由空后against the four cancer charities可知，指控大于一，应用名词复数形式。故选AD。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：你可以从慈善导航员和慈善观察等网站上的第三方评估和评级开始，这些网站会检查慈善机构的财务、管理和效率。根据句意可知，此处表示“财务”，应用名词finance，表示财务情况时，常用复数形式。故选A。 (B) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. frame B. mainstream C. relevant D. swallows E. evidenced F. housed G. soaring H. instant I. fearing J. inspires K. communicating Am I Wrong to Judge People for Talking to Me in Emoji? “NOT ONLY DO I refuse to speak in symbols — emoji, bitmoji, likes, reactions, whatever — I also judge people who do. Is this fair? With AI image generators like Dall-E Mini going ____36____, it’ll only get easier to communicate in images. I’m afraid we’re losing something essential, like actually having something to say.” Even if GIFs and emoji are objects of misplaced scorn, I don’t think you’re entirely wrong in ____37____ that our relationship to language is changing. Dall-E Mini, which ____38____ up words and spits out pictures, is itself a metaphor for how visual media is replacing text as our culture’s dominant form of expression. This shift started long before the internet, of course, but images clearly thrive in digital spaces. The picture’s capacity to convey “a thousand words” is a palpable advantage at a moment when an article beyond that length tends to receive a TL; DR. Compared to the plodding linearity of language, images have what Marshall McLuhan (another genius of neologisms) called “allatonceness,” the quality of ____39____ multiple complex ideas and emotions in an ____40____. Like many forms of electronic media, images call on multiple senses and can convey disparate concepts within a single ____41____—a quality that has arguably reached its zenith in Dall-E’s surrealist mashups. If more people prefer to communicate in images, it’s not because these individuals lack “something to say,” as you put it. Quite the opposite, it is because visuals are a more immediate and effective means of articulating the fully embodied human experience, especially in the rapid-fire exigencies of the digital era. “At the high speeds of electronic communication,” McLuhan wrote, the old skills of literacy and the written word “are no longer possible; they are just too slow to be ____42____ or effective.” That McLuhan’s insight has survived for more than half a century in the dusty medium of a book suggests there are important exceptions to this rule. And despite the widespread belief that language and images are facing off in a Manichaean battle, I’m not convinced that words themselves are the problem. People are still eager as ever for verbal output when it’s embodied in a human voice, as ____43____ by the explosion of podcasts over the past decade or so. The popularity of voice texts among Gen Z (a phenomenon documented in many articles read only by middle-aged people) similarly indicates that plain old words, when ____44____ in the warmth of vocal acoustics (声学效果), are more compelling than the spectrum of GIFs and emoji. Perhaps the question is not why images are more appealing than language, but why writing and reading — be it long-form articles, text messages, or Twitter threads — have come to something that _____45_____ so much dread. 【答案】36. B 37. I 38. D 39. K 40. H 41. A 42. C 43. E 44. F 45. J 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，探讨表情符号、AI图像兴起背景下图像替代文字交流的现象，辨析图文并非对立关系。 【36题详解】 考查形容词。句意：随着Dall‑E Mini这类AI图像生成器成为主流，用图像交流只会变得更加容易。空处在go后作表语，根据下文“it’ll only get easier to communicate in images”可知，AI绘图日渐普及，mainstream意为“主流的”。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：即便对动图和表情符号的排斥有些偏颇，但你担心我们和语言之间的关系正在发生改变，这种想法并非完全错误。空处在介词in后用动名词，根据上文“I’m afraid we’re losing something essential”可知，对应内心担忧，fearing意为“担忧，害怕”。 【38题详解】 考查动词。句意：Dall‑E Mini吸收文字、输出图片，本身就是视觉媒介取代文字成为主流表达形式的隐喻。空处为定语从句谓语，先行词Dall‑E Mini为单数，根据下文“spits out pictures”可知，此处指的是吞入文字再输出图像，swallows意为“吞没，吸纳”。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：和语言缓慢的线性表达相比，图像拥有麦克卢汉所说的“共时性”，能够一次性传递多重复杂思想与情绪。空处在介词of后用动名词，根据后文“multiple complex ideas and emotions”可知，此处是传递想法情感，communicating意为“交流，传递”。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：和语言缓慢的线性表达相比，图像拥有麦克卢汉所说的“共时性”，能够一次性传递多重复杂思想与情绪。固定搭配in an instant，空处作介词in的宾语，instant意为“瞬间”。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意：与许多电子媒体形式一样，图像调动多种感官，并能在单一画面中传达截然不同的概念——这种特质在Dall-E的超现实混搭作品中或许达到了巅峰。空处在不定冠词a single后作宾语，根据图像载体的边界范围，frame意为“框架，画面”。 【42题详解】 考查形容词。句意：麦克卢汉写道：“在电子通信的高速度下，传统的读写技能和文字表达已不再可能；它们过于缓慢，已无法保持相关性或有效性。”。空处在be动词后作表语，和effective并列，relevant意为“相关的，有实际意义的”。 【43题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：播客近十年来迅猛发展就印证了一点：当文字承载于人声，人们依旧热衷于语言表达。空处与as构成非谓语结构，根据播客爆发这一事实作为佐证，evidenced意为“证明，佐证”。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：Z世代中语音文字的流行（这一现象在许多仅被中年人阅读的文章中都有记录）同样表明，当普通文字被置于温暖的语音声学环境中时，其吸引力远胜于GIF和表情符号的缤纷世界。空处为when引导的省略结构，words与house是被动关系，housed意为“被容纳、被承载”。 【45题详解】 考查动词。句意：也许问题不在于图像为何比语言更具吸引力，而在于写作与阅读——无论是长篇文章、短信还是推文——为何会演变成一种令人如此恐惧的事物。定语从句先行词something为单数，从句谓语用第三人称单数，根据后文“so much dread”唤起畏惧情绪，inspires意为“激起，引发”。 III. Reading Comprehension (60分) Section A (30分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Foreign aid and NGOs can make things worse when disaster strikes Nearly all of us are collective donors in some sense - when governments send relief to disaster areas, the money they use comes from taxpayers. Many of us are also ___46___ donors, sending funds directly from our own wallets to charitable organizations. But in the past 10 to 15 years, accusations of ___47___ relief efforts and unused donations have generated concern among donors. These concerns are not ___48___; large-scale international disaster relief can have drawbacks that range from wasting resources to seriously undermining (削弱) local governments. One of the biggest challenges to disaster relief is coordination (协调). After disaster strikes, immediate necessities are important, but what is the best way to ___49___ them? Unfortunately, pouring donated items into a disaster area can ___50___ relief efforts. Their arrival in large numbers can cause “the second disaster”, ___51___ relief workers with extra responsibilities and taking up precious space. Then there are the consequent effects of ___52___ for donations for sudden big emergencies. A heartfelt expression of feeling can harm other charitable efforts by redirecting funds. The 2007 economic decline, ___53___, hit US charitable giving which didn’t recover until 2014. In such a time of donation ___54___, increasing donations to a disaster area can take funds away from other efforts that might be able to use it better. If coordination is good and immediate relief goes well, damaged communities move into the ___55___ phase. For individuals, this includes returning to work, and recollecting personal networks, all of which require ___56___ to basic public services. The charitable supply of these services can have ___57___ consequences. Most philanthropic (慈善的) organizations want to ___58___ their rebuilding efforts with local workers. This practice is beneficial to a post-disaster economy as it provides a(n) ___59___ source of wages. But if salaries and work standards of these visiting organizations are higher than those offered in the recovery area, these visitors end up causing an intemal ___60___. Top employees are no longer available or willing to work in the public sector. 46. A. individual B. generous C. competent D. cautious 47. A. involuntary B. desperate C. ill-intentioned D. counterproductive 48. A. reasonable B. unfounded C. prompt D. limited 49. A. strike B. secure C. deliver D. pace 50. A. renew B. resist C. demand D. slow 51. A. overloading B. supplying C. charging D. greeting 52. A. votes B. appeals C. pressures D. substitutes 53. A. on the contrary B. as a result C. in the meanwhile D. for example 54. A. fear B. boom C. scarcity D. change 55. A. final B. recovery C. critical D. distinct 56. A. reference B. attention C. access D. favor 57. A. positive B. immediate C. mixed D. uncertain 58. A. staff B. benefit C. replace D. survive 59. A. external B. reliable C. natural D. solid 60. A. weak economy B. unstable community C. class prejudice D. brain drain 【答案】46. A 47. D 48. B 49. C 50. D 51. A 52. B 53. D 54. C 55. B 56. C 57. C 58. A 59. A 60. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述的是当灾难来袭时，外国援助和非政府组织会让事情变得更糟的原因。 【46题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们中的许多人也是个人捐赠者，直接从自己的钱包里把钱捐给慈善组织。A. individual个体的；B. generous慷慨的；C. competent能干的；D. cautious谨慎的。根据后文“sending funds directly from our own wallets to charitable organizations.”可知，面对灾难我们中的许多人也是个人捐赠者。故选A。 【47题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在过去的10到15年里，有关救灾工作适得其反和未使用的捐款的指责引起了捐助者的关注。A. involuntary不知不觉的；B. desperate绝望的；C. ill-intentioned恶意的；D. counterproductive事与愿违的。根据后文的“unused donations”可知，有关救灾工作适得其反和未使用的捐款的指责引起了捐助者的关注。故选D。 【48题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些担忧并非毫无根据；大规模的国际救灾可能有一些缺点，从浪费资源到严重破坏地方政府。A. reasonable合理的；B. unfounded没有理由的；C. prompt迅速的，立刻的；D. limited有限的。根据后文“large-scale international disaster relief can have drawbacks that range from wasting resources to seriously undermining(削弱)local governments.”可知，从浪费资源到严重破坏地方政府，引发了对大规模的国际救灾的一些担忧，即这种担忧并不是没有依据的。故选B。 【49题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：救灾面临的最大挑战之一是协调。灾难来袭后，紧急必需品很重要，但什么是运送这些必需品的最佳方式？A. strike敲击，袭击；B. secure使安全；C. deliver运输；D. pace踱步。根据前文“After disaster strikes, immediate necessities are important”可知，救灾面临的最大挑战之一是协调。灾难来袭后，紧急必需品很重要，但什么是运送这些必需品的最佳方式？故选C。 【50题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，将捐赠物品倒入灾区可能会减缓救援工作。A. renew更新；B. resist抵抗；C. demand要求；D. slow减慢。根据后文“Their arrival in large numbers can cause “the second disaster””可知，大量捐赠物品的到来会减缓救援工作。故选D。 【51题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的大量到来可能导致“第二次灾难”，使救援人员承担额外的责任，占用宝贵的空间。A. overloading超载；B. supply提供；C. charging管理，索费；D. greeting问候。根据前文“Their arrival in large numbers can cause “the second disaster””可知，他们的大量到来可能导致“第二次灾难”，使救援人员承担额外的责任，占用宝贵的空间。故选A。 【52题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后是为突发的重大紧急情况呼吁捐款的后续影响。A. votes投票；B. appeals呼吁；C. pressures压力；D. substitutes代替。根据后文的“for donation.”可知，此处指呼吁捐款。故选B。 【53题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，2007年的经济衰退打击了美国的慈善捐赠，直到2014年才恢复。A. on the contrary相反；B. as a result结果；C. in the meanwhile同时；D. for example例如。根据前文“The 2007 economic decline,”以及后文的“hit US charitable giving which didn’t recover until 2014.”可知，此处以2007年的经济衰退打击了美国的慈善捐赠，直到2014年才恢复为例，来进行说明。故选D。 【54题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这样一个捐赠稀缺的时期，增加对灾区的捐赠可能会从其他可能更好地利用它的工作中抢走资金。A. fear害怕；B. boom繁荣；C. scarcity不足；D. change干煸。根据前文“The 2007 economic decline, ___8___ , hit US charitable giving which didn’t recover until 2014.”可知，在这样一个捐赠稀缺的时期，增加对灾区的捐赠可能会从其他可能更好地利用它的工作中抢走资金。故选C。 【55题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果协调良好，立即救援进展顺利，受损社区就会进入恢复阶段。A. final最终的；B. recovery恢复；C. critical批判的；D. distinct不同的。根据前文“If coordination is good and immediate relief goes well”可知，如果协调良好，立即救援进展顺利，受损社区就会进入恢复阶段。故选B。 【56题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对个人而言，这包括重返工作岗位和重新建立个人网络，所有这些都需要获得基本的公共服务。A. reference参考；B. attention注意力；C. access入口，通路；D. favor支持，喜欢。根据前文“For individuals, this includes returning to work, and recollecting personal networks,”可知，对个人而言，这包括重返工作岗位和重新建立个人网络这些都需要获得基本的公共服务。故选C。 【57题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些服务的慈善提供可能会产生复杂的后果。A. positive积极的；B. immediate立即的；C. mixed混合的，复杂的；D. uncertain不确定的。根据后文“Most philanthropic (慈善的) organizations want to ___13___ their rebuilding efforts with local workers. This practice is beneficial to a post-disaster economy as it provides a(n) ___14___ source of wages. But if salaries and work standards of these visiting organizations are higher than those offered in the recovery area, these visitors end up causing an intemal ___15___ . Top employees are no longer available or willing to work in the public sector.”可知，这些服务的慈善提供可能会产生复杂的后果即要么对当地的工人有利，要么，导致人才外流。故选C。 【58题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：大多数慈善组织都希望为他们的重建工作配备当地工人。这种做法有利于灾后经济，因为它提供了一种外部工资来源。A. staff为……配备员工；B. benefit受益；C. replace代替；D. survive幸存。根据后文的“with local workers.”可知，大多数慈善组织都希望为他们的重建工作配备当地工人。故选A。 【59题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种做法有利于灾后经济，因为它提供了一种外部工资来源。A. external外部的，外聘的；B. reliable可靠的；C. natural自然的；D. solid坚固的。根据前文“is beneficial to a post-disaster economy”可知，这种做法有利于灾后经济，因为它提供了一种外部工资来源即将当地工人与重建工作相结合，为当地劳动力提供了一种外部的工资来源。故选A。 【60题详解】 考查名词短语辨析。句意：但是，如果这些来访组织的工资和工作标准高于恢复区的水平，这些来访者最终会导致内部人才流失。A. weak economy经济不景气；B. unstable community不稳定社会；C. class prejudice等级偏见；D. brain drain人才外流。根据前文“if salaries and work standards of these visiting organizations are higher than those offered in the recovery area,”可知，如果来访组织（慈善组织）的工资和工作标准高于恢复地区的工资和工作标准，则会导致内部人才流失，即不愿意留在当地工作，而出现人才流出现象。故选D。 (B) Liu Cixin Imagines the Future Perhaps no one knows the power of imagination better than Chinese sci-fi writer Liu Cixin. Until four years ago, Liu worked____61____as a computer engineer at a power plant in Yangquan, Shanxi province. He only wrote science fiction in his spare time. But it was during this time that Liu’s____62____took flight. He did what he might never have the chance to do in____63____life--wander in space, fight with aliens, and visit planets light-years away. But even with such a____64____imagination, Liu, 55, probably hadn’t expected that he would become the first Asian to win the Hugo Award, science fiction’s highest prize, in 2015. Perhaps neither did he think that former U.S. President Barack Obama would read his novel The Three-Body Problem, nor that on Nov.9 in Washington DC, he would win the 2018 Arthur C. Clarke Award for Imagination in Service to Society. It’s the first time a Chinese writer has ever won the____65____. In his acceptance speech, Liu said that he____66____his imagination to Arthur C. Clarke (1917-2008), a famous UK. sci-fi author. He said that reading Clarke’s 1968 classic novel 2001: A Space Odyssey in the early 1980s had a great effect on him. “My mind____67____up like never before. I felt like a narrow stream finally embracing(融入) the sea,” Liu said. “That night, in my eyes, the starry sky was____68____ different from the past. For the first time in my life, I was awed(使敬畏)by the grandeur and mystery of the ____69____. But no matter how far away Liu’s imagination takes him, somehow his novels always stay _____70_____. In The Three-Body-Problem, for example, Liu tells a tale of aliens invading Earth. But _____71_____other alien stories, with their fancy weapons and strange creatures, Liu talks more about relationships between civilizations, rules of survival, and the meaning of life. And in The Wandering Earth, Liu looks ahead to the day when our _____72_____system comes to an end and humans have to look for a new place to live. However, all his visions and solutions are _____73_____ “hard science.” Liu’s works aren’t simply daydreams. _____74_____, it’s the fact that his imagination is based on reality that makes it such a powerful tool. In this too Liu is like his mentor Clarke, who, we read on the website of the Arthur C. Clarke Award, believed that “Humankinds most powerful tool to _____75_____ its future is its imagination.” 61. A. reluctantly B. imaginatively C. part-time D. full time 62. A. innovation B. career C. imagination D. idealism 63. A. simple B. social C. real D. future 64. A. powerful B. respective C. historical D. popular 65. A. opportunity B. honor C. popularity D. reward 66. A. committed B. compared C. granted D. owed 67. A. opened B. lighted C. warmed D. speeded 68. A. strangely B. slightly C. completely D. gradually 69. A. night B. stars C. universe D. mind 70. A. grounded B. localized C. globalized D. modernized 71. A. similar to B. instead of C. unlike D. in spite of 72. A. solar B. political C. defensive D. scientific 73. A. independent of B. based on C. contributing to D. different from 74. A. Rather B. Contrarily C. For example D. Somehow 75. A. respect B. embrace C. challenge D. shape 【答案】61. D 62. C 63. C 64. A 65. B 66. D 67. A 68. C 69. C 70. A 71. C 72. A 73. B 74. A 75. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是刘慈欣的成就和写作风格。 【61题详解】 考查副词、副词短语和形容词短语辨析。句意：直到四年前，刘还在山西阳泉的一家发电厂全职担任计算机工程师。A. reluctantly勉强地；B. imaginatively富有想象力地；C. part-time兼职的；D. full time全职地。根据下文“He only wrote science fiction in his spare time.”可知刘在这家工厂是全职的工作。故选D项。 【62题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但正是在这段时间里，刘的想象力起飞了。A. innovation创新；B. career职业；C. imagination想象力；D. idealism理想主义。根据下文“He did what he might never have the chance to do in ___3___ life--wander in space, fight with aliens, and visit planets light-years away.”以及“But even with such a ___4___ imagination”可知这里讲的是刘的想象力。故选C项。 【63题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他做了他在现实生活中可能永远没有机会做的事—在太空中漫游，与外星人战斗，并访问光年外的行星。A. simple简单的；B. social社会的；C. real真实的；D. future将来的。根据下文“wander in space, fight with aliens, and visit planets light-years away.”可知这些事情是现实生活中没有的。故选C项。 【64题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但即使有如此强大的想象力，55岁的刘可能也没有想到他会成为第一个在2015年获得科幻小说最高奖项雨果奖的亚洲人。A. powerful强大的；B. respective各自的；C. historical历史的；D. popular受喜爱的。根据下文的“hadn’t expected that he would become the first Asian to win the Hugo Award, science fiction’s highest prize”可知获得科幻小说最高奖这件事超出了他的想象力，即使他有那么强大想象力。故选A项。 【65题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是中国作家第一次获得该奖项。A. opportunity机会；B. honor荣誉；C. popularity受欢迎程度；D. reward奖励。根据前文的“on Nov.9 in Washington DC, he would win the 2018 Arthur C. Clarke Award for Imagination in Service to Society.”可知此处指的是他在11月9日获得的奖，是多么大的荣耀。故选B项。 【66题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在获奖感言中，刘说他把自己的想象力归功于英国著名科幻作家Arthur C. Clarke。A. committed承诺；B. compared比较；C. granted同意，准予；D. owed欠。根据下文的“He said that reading Clarke’s 1968 classic novel 2001: A Space Odyssey in the early 1980s had a great effect on him.”可知Arthur C. Clarke对他和他的灵感产生了巨大影响。故选D项。 【67题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的思绪前所未有地开阔了。A. opened打开；B. lighted点亮；C. warmed温暖；D. speeded加速。根据下文的“I felt like a narrow stream finally embracing(融入) the sea”可知刘的思维被打开了。故选A项。 【68题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，在我眼里，星空与过去完全不同。A. strangely奇怪地；B. slightly稍微地；C. completely完全地；D. gradually逐步地。根据前文“My mind ___7___ up like never before.”可知当刘的视野打开后，观察事物与以前完全不同了。故选C项。 【69题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：宇宙的美丽和神秘感使我感到敬畏。A. night晚上；B. stars星星；C. universe宇宙；D. mind心思，智慧，大脑。根据前文“That night, in my eyes, the starry sky was ___8__ different from the past.”可知刘的思维延伸到了宇宙。故选C项。 【70题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但无论刘的想象力带他走多远，不知何故，他的小说总是脚踏实地(理性的)。A. grounded接地的；B. localized局部化的；C. globalized全球化的；D. modernized现代化的。根据下文“Liu’s works aren’t simply daydreams.”可知刘的小说仍然是接地气的或者说是比较理性的。故选A项。 【71题详解】 考查形容词、介词以及介词短语辨析。句意：但是外星人有着奇特的武器和奇怪的生物，刘的故事与之不同，刘更多地谈到了文明之间的关系、生存规则和生命的意义。A. similar to相似；B. instead of而不是；C. unlike不同；D. in spite of尽管。根据前句意可知此处是刘的小说和其他的进行比较， 二者有不同之处。故选C项。 【72题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在《流浪地球》中，刘展望了太阳系结束的那一天，人类必须寻找新的生活场所。A. solar太阳的；B. political政治的；C. defensive防御的；D. scientific科学的。根据下文“humans have to look for a new place to live”可知太阳枯竭，人类必须搬家。故选A项。 【73题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，他所有设想的解决方案基于“硬科学”。A. independent of.独立于；B. based on基于；C. contributing to对……有贡献；D. different from不同于。根据后文“Liu’s works aren’t simply daydreams.”可知解决方案有科学依据。故选B项。 【74题详解】 考查副词以及介词短语辨析。句意：相反更确切地讲，正是因为他的想象力建立在现实的基础上，才使它成为如此强大的工具。A. Rather而非，更确切地讲；B. Contrarily相反地；C. For example例如；D. Somehow以某种方式，不知怎么地。根据前文“Liu’s works aren’t simply daydreams”可知强调刘的想法不是白日梦，是有科学依据的。故选A项。 【75题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人类塑造未来最有力的工具是想象力。A. respect尊重；B. embrace拥抱；C. challenge挑战；D. shape塑造。根据前文“____14____ , it’s the fact that his imagination is based on reality that makes it such a powerful tool.”可知想象是根据事实的创造世界的强大的工具。故选D项。 Section B (30分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. (A) There are still many things that Peter Cooke would like to try his hand at--paper-making and feather-work are on his list. For the moment though, he will stick to the skill that he has been delighted to perfect over the past ten years: making delicate and unusual objects out of shells. “Tell me if I am boring you,” he says, as he leads me round his apartment showing me his work. There is a fine line between being a bore and being an enthusiast, but Cooke need not worry: he fits into the latter category, helped both by his charm and by the beauty of the things he makes. He points to a pair of shell-covered ornaments (装饰品) above a fireplace. “I shan’t be at all bothered if people don’t buy them because I have got so used to them, and to me they’re adorable. I never meant to sell my work commercially. Some friends came to see me about five years ago and said, ‘You must have an exhibition--people ought to see these. We’ll talk to a man who owns an art gallery’”. The result was an exhibition in London, at which 70 per cent of the objects were sold. His second exhibition opened at the gallery yesterday. Considering the enormous prices that the pieces command—around $2,000 for the ornament—an empty space above the fireplace would seem a small sacrifice for Cooke to make. There are 86 pieces in the exhibition, with prices starting at £225 for a shell--flower in a crystal vase. Cooke insists that he has nothing to do with the prices and is cheerily open about their level: he claims there is nobody else in the world who produces work like his, and, as the gallery-owner told him, “Well, you’re going to stop one day and everybody will want your pieces because there won’t be any more.” Cooke has created his own method and uses materials as and when he finds them. He uses the cardboard sent back with laundered shirts for his flower bases, a nameless glue bought from a sail-maker (‘If it runs out, I don’t know what I will do!’) and washing-up liquid to wash the shells. “I have an idea of what I want to do and it just does itself,” he says of his working method, yet the attention to detail, colour gradations and symmetry (对称) he achieves look far from accidental. 76. What can be learned about Peter Cooke from the first paragraph? A. He has produced objects with different materials. B. He was praised for his shell objects many years ago. C. He hopes to work with other materials in the future. D. He has written about his love for shell objects. 77. When looking round his apartment, the writer ________. A. is attracted by Cooke’s personality B. realizes he finds Cooke’s work boring C. feels uncertain about giving Cooke his opinion D. senses that Cooke wants his products to be admired 78. The “small sacrifice” in paragraph 3 refers to________. A. the loss of Cooke’s ornaments B. the display of Cooke’s ornaments C. the cost of keeping Cooke’s ornaments D. the space required to store Cooke’s ornaments 79. When talking about the artist’s working method, the writer implies that Cooke ________. A. is unaware of the unique quality his work has B. accepts that he sometimes makes mistakes C. undervalues the materials that he uses D. underrates his creative contribution 【答案】76. C 77. B 78. A 79. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了Peter Cooke一直希望将来能使用其他材料，但他的画廊损失严重，他后悔自己的工作不再那么熟练了。 【76题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“For the moment though, he will stick to the skill that he has been delighted to perfect over the past ten years: making delicate and unusual objects out of shells. (不过，就目前而言，他将坚持他在过去十年中一直乐于完善的技能：用贝壳制作精致而不寻常的物体。)”可知，Peter Cooke希望将来能使用其他材料，故选C。 【77题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Tell me if I am boring you (如果我让你无聊，就告诉我)”可知，当环顾他的公寓时作者意识到他觉得库克的作品很无聊，故选B。 【78题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“Considering the enormous prices that the pieces command—around $2,000 for the ornament—an empty space above the fireplace would seem a small sacrifice for Cooke to make. (考虑到这些装饰品的高昂价格—大约2000美元—在壁炉上方腾出一块空地对库克来说似乎是一个小小的牺牲。)”可知，以大约2000美元的价格把Cooke的饰品卖掉对他来说是一个损失。可知划线词组的意思是“库克的饰品损失”。故选A。 【79题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“yet the attention to detail, colour gradations and symmetry (对称) he achieves look far from accidental. (然而，他对细节、色调和对称性的关注看起来绝非偶然。)”可知，在谈到艺术家的工作方法时，作者想表明的是库克低估了他的创造性贡献，故选D。 (B) Here’s how the Pacific Northwest is preparing for “The Big One”. It’s the mother of all disaster drills for what could be the worst disaster in American history. California has spent years preparing for “The Big One”— the inevitable earthquake that will undoubtedly bring about all kinds of damage along the famous San Andreas fault. But what if the fault that runs along the Pacific Northwest delivers a gigantic earthquake of its own? If the people of the Cascadia region have anything to do with it, they won’t be caught unawares. The region is engaged in a multi-day earthquake-and-tsunami drill involving around 20, 000 people. The Cascadia Rising drill gives area residents and emergency responders a chance to practice what to do in case of a 9. 0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami along one of the nation’s dangerous and underestimated faults. The Cascadia Earthquake Zone is big enough to compete with San Andreas (it’s been called the most dangerous fault in America), but it’s much lesser known than its California cousin. Nearly 700 miles long, the earthquake zone is located by the North American Plate off the coast of Pacific British Columbia. Washington, Oregon and Northern California. Cascadia is what’s known as a “megathrust” fault. Megathrusts are created in subduction zones(俯冲带)— plate tectonic(板块构造)boundaries where two plates converge(相交). In the areas where one plate is beneath another, stress builds up over time. During a megathrust event, all of that stress releases and some of the world’s most powerful earthquake occur. Remember the 9. I earthquake and tsunami in the Indian Ocean off Sumatra in 2004? It was caused by a megathrust event as the India plate moved beneath the Burma micro-plate. The last time a major earthquake occurred along the Cascadia fault was in 1700, so officials worry that another event could occur any time. To prevent that event from becoming a severe disaster, first responders will join members of the public in rehearsals that involve communication, evacuation, search and rescue, and other possible situations. Thousands of casualties(伤亡人员) are expected if a 9. 0 earthquake were to occur. First, the earthquake would shake metropolitan areas including Seattle and Portland. This could cause a tsunami that would create damage along the coast. Not all casualties can necessarily be prevented - but by coordinating across local, state, and even national borders, officials hope that the worst-case situation can be prevented. On the exercise’s website, officials explain that the report they prepare during this rehearsal will inform disaster management for years to come. For hundreds of thousands of Cascadia residents, “The Big One” isn’t a question of if, only when. And it’s never too early to get ready for the inevitable. 80. What does “The Big One” refer to? A. A gigantic geological fault in America. B. A large-scale drill to prepare for disasters. C. A massive and destructive natural disaster. D. Mass destruction caused by the earthquake. 81. What is the purpose of the Cascadia Rising drill? A. To prepare people for a major earthquake and tsunami. B. To increase residents’awareness of upcoming disasters. C. To teach people now how adapt to post-disaster life. D. To cope with the aftermath of a possible earthquake. 82. What happens in case of a megathrust earthquake according to the passage? A. Two plates merge into one. B. A variety of forces converge. C. Boundaries blur between plates. D. Enormous stress is released. 83. What can we learn from the passage? A. A large-scale drill is supposed to prevent deaths in the earthquake. B. San Andreas fault once delivered a 9. 1 earthquake in the Indian Ocean. C. No massive earthquake is expected to strike Califomia in the near future. D. Disaster-relief efforts at different levels may help reduce possible losses. 【答案】80. C 81. A 82. D 83. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了卡斯卡迪亚地区的人们正在为有可能发生的地震和海啸做防范演习。 【80题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“California has spent years preparing for “The Big One”— the inevitable earthquake that will undoubtedly bring about all kinds of damage along the famous San Andreas fault. But what if the fault that runs along the Pacific Northwest delivers a gigantic earthquake of its own? If the people of the Cascadia region have anything to do with it, they won’t be caught unawares.”（加州已经为“大地震”做了多年的准备——这场不可避免的地震无疑会给著名的圣安德烈亚斯断层带来各种破坏。但如果沿太平洋西北方向的断层本身也引发了一场大地震呢？如果卡斯卡迪亚地区的人与此事有关，他们不会措手不及的。）可推知，“Big One”指的是一场大规模的破坏性自然灾害。故选C项。 【81题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Cascadia Rising drill gives area residents and emergency responders a chance to practice what to do in case of a 9. 0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami along one of the nation’s dangerous and underestimated faults.”（卡斯卡迪亚提升演练为当地居民和应急人员提供了一一次机会，让他们练习如何应对美国危险的断层带可能发生的9.0级地震和海啸）可知，卡斯卡迪亚提升演习的目的是什么让人们为大地震和海啸做好准备。故选A项。 【82题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Megathrusts are created in subduction zones— plate tectonic boundaries where two plates converge(相交). In the areas where one plate is beneath another, stress builds up over time. During a megathrust event, all of that stress releases and some of the world’s most powerful earthquake occur.”（巨型逆冲构造形成于俯冲带——两个板块交汇的板块构造边界。在一个板块在另一个板块下面的区域，压力会随着时间的推移而增加。在一次大型逆冲活动中，所有的压力都会释放，世界上最强烈的地震就会发生。）可知，根据文章，如果发生特大逆冲地震，巨大的压力将被释放。故选D项。 【83题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Not all casualties can necessarily be prevented - but by coordinating across local, state, and even national borders, officials hope that the worst-case situation can be prevented.”（并不是所有的伤亡都可以避免，但通过地方、州甚至国家边界的协调，官员们希望可以避免最坏的情况。）以及最后一段“For hundreds of thousands of Cascadia residents, “The Big One” isn’t a question of if, only when. And it’s never too early to get ready for the inevitable.”（对于成千上万的卡斯卡迪亚居民来说，“大地震”不是会不会发生的问题，而是何时发生的问题。为不可避免的事情做好准备永远不会太早。）可推知，不同层次的救灾努力可能有助于减少可能的损失。故选D项。 (C) Cool to be kind: being nice is good for us so why don’t we all do it What is it, exactly, that makes us kind? The Kindness Test suggests that people who receive, give or even just notice more acts of kindness tend to experience higher levels of well-being and life satisfaction. ____84____. And nearly 60% participants claimed to have received an act of kindness in the previous 24 hours. “It is a big part of human nature, to be kind - because it’s such a big part of how we connect with people and how we have relationships,” says Claudia Hammond, the leading researcher. It is win-win, because we not only like receiving kindness, but we also like being kind. ____85____. Because we have evolved to have empathy, we have many hidden reasons for being kind. The chief one is that it makes us feel good. People who have been told they should be kind are naturally more likely to notice opportunities to be kind: “They have expectations. Then, they take action,” she says. This may be one of the reasons why women who filled in the study’s online questionnaire were more likely to report being kind, receiving kindness and seeing kindness. Women may feel that they ought to report performing acts of kindness. ____86____. For this reason, Hammond questions how much girlsare stereotypically being taught at a young age, to be caring — and whether that puts an unequal amount of pressure on girlsto be kind as they grow up. Overall, the study suggests the greatest predictor of kindness is not your gender, but your personality. People who scored high on extraversion(外向性), openness to new experiences and agreeableness self-reported giving and receiving more kindness, as did people who talking to strangers. ___87___. A. It is because caring for people is an activity traditionally considered to be typical of women. B. It is sometimes used to shut women down from talking because they’ve got to ‘be kind’. C. The reason for this may simply be that these people have more confidence to be kind. D. Your religious beliefs and your values system also help to determine how kind you are. E. Also, two-thirds of people in the study think the pandemic has made people kinder. F. Our desire to be kind is actually quite selfish, on one level, she explains. 【答案】84. E 85. F 86. A 87. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明。讲述了善良对我们有好处，是什么让我们变得善良。 【84题详解】 根据前文“What is it, exactly, that makes us kind? The Kindness Test suggests that people who receive, give or even just notice more acts of kindness tend to experience higher levels of well-being and life satisfaction.(到底是什么，让我们变得善良?善意测试表明，那些接受、给予甚至只是注意到更多善意行为的人往往会体验到更高水平的幸福感和生活满意度)”以及后文“And nearly 60% participants claimed to have received an act of kindness in the previous 24 hours.(近60%的参与者声称在过去的24小时内收到了善意的举动)”可知，空处应是过渡句，空后提到了参与者，前文未提及，所以应是空处提到，所以E项“Also, two-thirds of people in the study think the pandemic has made people kinder.(此外，研究中三分之二的人认为大流行使人们变得更善良)”提到研究，引出后文的参与者，并且符合本段主题，是什么让我们善良。故选E项。 【85题详解】 根据后文“Because we have evolved to have empathy, we have many hidden reasons for being kind. The chief one is that it makes us feel good.(因为我们已经进化到有同理心，所以我们有很多隐藏的善良的原因。最主要的一点是，它让我们感觉良好)”可知，空处应和后文构成因果关系，所以F项“Our desire to be kind is actually quite selfish, on one level, she explains.(她解释说，在某种程度上，我们想要善良的愿望实际上是非常自私的)”符合文意，和后文构成因果关系。故选F项。 【86题详解】 根据前文“Women may feel that they ought to report performing acts of kindness.(女性可能会觉得她们应该报告自己的善举)”以及后文“For this reason, Hammond questions how much girlsare stereotypically being taught at a young age, to be caring — and whether that puts an unequal amount of pressure on girlsto be kind as they grow up.(出于这个原因，哈蒙德质疑女孩们在很小的时候被灌输了多少关于关爱的刻板印象，以及这是否给女孩们带来了不平等的压力，让她们长大后变得善良)”可知，此处是在解释女性为什么觉得她们应该报告自己的善举，所以A项“It is because caring for people is an activity traditionally considered to be typical of women.(这是因为照顾别人是传统上被认为是女性的典型活动)”符合文意。故选A项。 【87题详解】 分析设空，位于段尾，应是对前文的总结，根据前文“People who scored high on extraversion(外向性), openness to new experiences and agreeableness self-reported giving and receiving more kindness, as did people who talking to strangers.(在外向性、乐于接受新体验和随和方面得分较高的人自我报告说，他们会给予和接受更多的善意，与陌生人交谈的人也是如此)”可知，C项“The reason for this may simply be that these people have more confidence to be kind.(原因可能很简单，这些人更有信心成为善良的人)”符合文意。故选C项。 IV. Grammar (20分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. Two Ancient Stories and the Geological Events That May Have Inspired Them Myths have fed the imaginations and souls of humans for thousands of years. The vast majority of these are just stories people ___88___ (hand) down through the ages. But a few have roots in real geological events of the past, providing warning of potential dangers and speaking to the awe we hold for the power of the planet. The Oracle (神示所) at Delphi In ancient Greece, in the town of Delphi on the slopes of Mount Parnassus, there was a temple ___89___ (devote) to the god Apollo. Within a sacred chamber, a priestess called the Pythia would breathe in sweet-smelling vapors coming from ___90___ crack in the rock. These vapors would send her into a state of excitement during which she would channel Apollo and speak ___91___ would then be turned into prophesies (预言) by a priest. Science: The temple was a real place, and scientists have discovered two geologic faults (断层) ___92___ (run) beneath the site, now in ruins. Gas was likely coming from those cracks ___93___ the oracle was in action. Atlantis Plato, the ancient Greek philosopher, wrote that Atlantis, a great civilization founded by a race of people who were half god and half human, ___94___ (destroy) in a great disaster. Science: Atlantis probably wasn’t a real place, but a real island civilization may have inspired the tale. ___95___ the contestants is Santorini in Greece. Santorini is now a group of islands, but thousands of years ago it was a single island — a volcano named Thera. Around 3, 500 years ago, the volcano blew up, destroying the island, setting off tsunamis and blowing tons of sulfur dioxide (二氧化硫) into the atmosphere ___96___ it continued to exist for years and probably caused many cold, wet summers. Those conditions would have ruined harvests in the region and are thought ___97___ (contribute) to the quick decline of the Minoans, who had dominated the Mediterranean from nearby Crete. 【答案】88. have handed 89. devoted 90. a 91. what 92. running 93. when 94. was destroyed 95. Among 96. where 97. to have contributed 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了两个古老的故事和可能启发它们的地质事件。 【88题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：其中绝大多数只是人们代代相传的故事。分析句子结构可知，本句是限制性定语从句修饰先行词stories，从句中缺少谓语动词，所以hand作从句谓语，结合through the ages和句意应用现在完成时，表示一直持续的动作。故填have handed。 【89题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在古希腊，在帕那索斯山山坡上的德尔菲镇，有一座供奉阿波罗神的神庙。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：be devoted to意为“献身于”，又本句已有谓语动词are，所以用过去分词形式作后置定语，修饰名词a temple。故填devoted。 【90题详解】 考查冠词。句意：在一个神圣的房间里，一位名叫皮提亚的女祭司会吸入从岩石裂缝中冒出的甜味蒸汽。分析句子结构可知，crack意为“裂缝”为可数名词，泛指一条裂缝，前应用不定冠词修饰，crack为辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 【91题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：这些蒸汽会让她进入一种兴奋的状态，在这种状态下，她会与阿波罗联系，说出一些话，然后由一位牧师转化为预言。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指事物，应该用连接代词what引导。故填what。 【92题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这座寺庙是一个真实的地方，科学家们已经发现了两个地质断层在遗址下面运行，现在已经成为废墟。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语have discovered，所以run应该用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是two geologic faults，两者是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填running。 【93题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：当神谕运行时，气体很可能来自这些裂缝。分析句子结构可知，空处引导时间状语从句，表达“当……时”之意，用when引导。故填when。 【94题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：古希腊哲学家柏拉图写道，由半神半人的种族建立的伟大文明亚特兰蒂斯在一场大灾难中毁灭了。分析句子结构可知，本句是that引导的宾语从句，从句中缺少谓语，所以destroy作从句的谓语，主语是Atlantis，为第三人称单数，和destroy之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据主句wrote可知，用一般过去时。故填was destroyed。 【95题详解】 考查介词。句意：希腊的圣托里尼岛(Santorini)也在参赛城市之列。分析句子结构可知，此处表示“在这些竞争者之中”，此处应该用介词among意为“在……之中”，一般用于三者或以上，首字母大写。故填Among。 【96题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：大约3500年前，这座火山喷发，摧毁了这座岛屿，引发了海啸，并将成吨的二氧化硫吹到大气中，二氧化硫在大气中持续存在了多年，可能造成了许多寒冷潮湿的夏天。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是atmosphere，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。 【97题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些条件会破坏该地区的收成，并被认为是米诺斯人迅速衰落的原因，米诺斯人从附近的克里特岛统治了地中海。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语are thought，所以contribute用非谓语形式，此处是固定搭配：be thought to do意思是“被认为是”，又因描述的过去的事对另一时间的影响，用不定式的完成式（to have done）。故填to have contributed。 语法填空。 Grace under pressure “If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster / And treat those two imposters (冒名顶替者) just the same.” Above the tunnel that leads to Center Court at Wimbledon ____98____(hang) several lines from British novelist Rudyard Kipling’s poem If. Good times don’t last; bad days never stay—so stay calm whatever happens. Whether we like it or not, adversity is inevitable in our lives. But even if we can’t change this fact, we can still choose ____99____we react to it. More importantly, solid evidence suggests that crises ____100____bring out the best in us. On December 15, Bilibili announced its Word of the Year: yōu yǎ, or “grace” in English. According to the video streaming site, the word is used to “praise somebody for possessing a strong heart or excellent skills, being able to handle changes without ____101____(frighten), and finding and maintaining a calm and steady state of mind no matter what the situation is.” In Christianity (基督教), “grace” is defined as “the unearned favor, love and help that God shows to people.” By the early 18th century, “His/Her Grace” ____102____(use) to address English monarchs (君主). ____103____the more modern definition of “grace” has come to suggest someone who possesses “a charming trait,” the word is still more often used to describe high-ranking public figures or fashion icons. Thanks to the internet, “grace” has become so widely used that it is no longer a word specifically used to describe the privileged. Ordinary people who are fearless enough to take a calm attitude under any circumstances are equally “graceful” and, to a large extent, ____104____(deserve) more of our respect. I remember meeting an army of WWII veterans (退伍军人) in my hometown when I was a kid. Despite having lived through those terrible times, they seemed remarkably cheerful. Whenever the newspapers made gloomy predictions about the national economy at that time, they just laughed ____105____off and insisted on doing social work to help those in need. If these veterans have taught me anything, it is that graceful people never seem disappointed because they always keep their expectations in check while ____106____(strive) for the best. This is ____107____you need to learn if you wish to live with “grace”. 【答案】98. hang 99. how 100. can 101. fright 102. had been used 103. As 104. deserve 105. it 106. striving 107. what 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了压力下的优雅，作者通过列举事例说明了优雅的人似乎从不失望，因为他们总是在努力做到最好的同时控制自己的期望。 【98题详解】 考查倒装句式。句意：在通往温布尔登中心球场的隧道上方，悬挂着英国小说家吉卜林的诗《如果》中的几行。分析句式结构可知，此处是倒装句式，主语several lines是复数，且时态为一般现在时，所以谓语动词用动词原形。故填hang。 【99题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：但即使我们无法改变这个事实，我们仍然可以选择如何应对它。分析句式结构可知，此处是宾语从句，再分析句意，用how来引导宾语从句，且how在从句中作方式状语。故填how。 【100题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：更重要的是，确凿的证据表明，危机可以激发出我们最好的一面。分析句意可知，此处用情态动词can表示客观上的可能性。故填can。 【101题详解】 考查名词。句意：根据该视频网站的说法，这个词用于“赞扬某人拥有强大的内心或出色的技能，能够毫无畏惧地应对变化，无论在什么情况下都能找到并保持冷静和稳定的心态。”分析句意再根据介词without可知，此处用名词fright作介词的宾语，为不可数名词。故填fright。 【102题详解】 考查动词的时态。句意：到18世纪初，“His/Her Grace”已被用来称呼英国君主。根据时间状语By the early 18th century可知，本句的时态用过去完成时，且主语和use是被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动。故填had been used。 【103题详解】 考查连词。句意：随着“优雅”的现代定义越来越倾向于指拥有“迷人特质”的人，这个词更常被用来形容高级公众人物或时尚偶像。分析句式结构可知，此处用as引导的时间状语从句表示“随着”符合语境，且位于句首的单词首字母要大写。故填As。 【104题详解】 考查动词的时态。句意：在任何情况下都能坦然面对的普通人同样“优雅”，在很大程度上更值得我们尊重。分析句式结构可知，空格处是谓语，因为主语为Ordinary people，所以谓语动词用动词原形。故填deserve。 【105题详解】 考查代词。句意：每当报纸对当时的国民经济作出悲观的预测时，他们只是一笑置之，坚持做社会工作来帮助那些需要帮助的人。分析句意可知，此处用代词it指代上文提到的gloomy predictions这件事情。故填it。 【106题详解】 考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果说这些老兵教会了我什么，那就是优雅的人似乎从不失望，因为他们总是在努力做到最好的同时控制自己的期望。分析句意可知，从句中用现在进行时，此处是状语从句while they are striving for the best的省略，因为主从句的主语一致，从句含有be动词，所以可以省略从句中的they are。故填striving。 【107题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：如果你想活得“优雅”，这就是你需要学习的。分析句式结构可知，此处是表语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，所以用what来引导。故填what。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 上海市上海交通大学闵行分校2026-2027学年高二上学期开学考 （暑期作业验收）英语试卷 （时间120分钟 满分150分） I. Listening Comprehension (25分) Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. In a library. B. In a bookstore. C. In the museum. D. At the coffee bar. 2. A. Collecting old stuffs. B. Fake historical stories. C. Buying and selling stuff. D. Reproducing historical items. 3. A. Ten. B. Six. C. Two. D. Nine. 4. A. Terrific. B. Awkward. C. Comfortable. D. Terrible. 5. A. The woman is going on a trip to China. B. The man knows very little about China. C. The woman is asking for help for her report. D. The woman’s report is concerned with Chinese food. 6. A. The woman does need a pair of sunglasses. B. The man doesn’t worry about the woman at all. C. The woman is packing up her luggage for a trip. D. The woman is going on a trip to the lake with her class. 7. A. He is very thirsty. B. He is heartbroken. C. He has some trouble with his heart. D. It will take him a long time to recover. 8. A. She is going to buy a piece of wood. B. She is going to load the wood into the car. C. She is going to drive her car up into the yard. D. She is going to a yard with several gentlemen. 9. A. The woman has made a deal with the man. B. The two speakers do not reach an agreement. C. The woman can still give up the deal right now. D. The two speakers are dealing with something together. 10. A. He doesn’t agree with the woman. B. He is hesitating between black and white. C. He is persuaded by the woman’s argument. D. He knows little about the woman’s investigation. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. It has helped solve the problem of climate change. B. It has raised the standard of living for many people. C. It has well equipped us to face universal challenges. D. It has made us fully understand the complexity of nature. 12. A. It can reveal humanity problems. B. It can enhance the capacity of people’s minds. C. It can ask researchers question about the nature. D. It can boost fundamental breakthroughs in science. 13. A. Advances and challenges of science. B. AI’s role in promoting science advances. C. Applications of data in scientific research. D. Debate on whether to develop AI technology. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. 5G uses cables while 4G uses clouds. B. 5G has a much better capacity than 4G. C. It takes 6 minutes to download film on 5G. D. 5G will replace 4G completely by 2025. 15. A. We can depend more on the Internet. B. We can create different cloud to store data. C. We can separate customers based on the net they use. D. We can enjoy a better and safer self-driving experience. 16. A. The problems presented by 5G. B. The differences between 5G and 4G. C. The definition and application of 5G. D. The time when we can start using 5G. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Looking after your neighbor’s glass. B. Introducing yourself and giving a short bow. C. Trying to shake hands with Japanese people. D. Using the serving chopsticks to get the food. 18. A. One is expected to give a short bow. B. One should arrive 15 minutes earlier. C. One shouldn’t sit down before hosts. D. One shouldn’t split the cost with others. 19. A. They may be working at the office. B. They may be back from the airport. C. They may be having a conference. D. They may be having a meal together. 20. A. Business trips to different countries. B. Advice for dining manners in Japan. C. Different cultures of Japan and Italy. D. Comparisons between Japan and Italy. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (45分) Section A (25分) Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. The research station was built in a lonely and remote zone, around _______ towering snow-capped mountains with extremely few plants or wild grasses growing on them. A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were 2. Walking in the woods with her boyfriend on a warm spring evening, Cindy lost her gold ring and ________. A. she could not find it nowhere B. nowhere could she find it C. she could nowhere find it D. could she nowhere find it 3. There is no rule in the scientific method ________ is subject to revision when new evidence emerges. A. as B. that C. but D. which 4. The young scientist has developed a new device ________ air pollution more accurately than ever before. A. which he can measure B. with which measures C. with which to measure D. which to measure 5. — See to it that the window ________ before you leave the classroom. — But the window just ________ shut properly. A. is closed… doesn’t B. is closed… won’t C. will be closed… won’t D. will be closed… doesn’t 6. ________ the scholar’s intelligence and respected his opinions, she could not bring herself to agree with his controversial proposal. A. As she admired B. Admire although she might C. Much as she admired D. Despite she admired 7. ______ which competitor could have launched such a highly competitive product in such a short time, the CEO of the company called an urgent meeting with the marketing and research teams. A. Left wondering B. Leaving wondering C. Leaving wondered D. Left wondered 8. It is vital ________ artificial intelligence transparency standards ________ established to prevent algorithmic bias. Ethical frameworks and regulatory oversight are essential for trustworthy AI development. A. that; be B. why; are C. how; are D. what; are to be 9. It was thirty years ________ he was invited as an outstanding alumnus to celebrate the 128th anniversary of the university. A. when B. before C. since D. as 10. This village is the kind of peaceful place ________ can heal a weary soul. A. which everyone believes B. where everyone believes C. everyone believes it D. everyone believes that 11. ______ with the severe pollution problem, the local government is now taking a series of measures, none of ______, however, seems to be effective so far. A. Faced; which B. Facing; which C. Faced; them D. Facing; them 12. The student ______ in the library over the weekend was praised by the teacher, for he finished the assignment ahead of schedule. A. to study B. studying C. studied D. having studied 13. It must be the malware-infected file ________ the intern carelessly downloaded during maintenance ________ ultimately caused the entire system to crash. A. that; which B. that; what C. which; which D. which; that 14. The sculpture crafted by the artist attracts numerous admirers, but twenty years ago no one could have imagined how crucial a position he ________ in the art world. A. was occupying B. had occupied C. occupied D. was to occupy 15. The manager assigned tasks in such a manner ________ experienced leaders adopt to maximize team efficiency, carefully considering each member’s strengths and weaknesses. A. that B. what C. as D. where 16. The main reason why Asian elephants are endangered is _________ used to be home to them have been seriously destroyed. A. where B. what C. that where D. that what 17. Chemical processes _________ in the plastic manufacture _________ the environment of this village badly in the 1950s. A. involving; damaging B. involved; damaging C. involving; damaged D. involved; damaged 18. The board ordered the strategic initiative _________ in the proposal _________ by next week. A. referred to… was implemented B. centered around… was implemented C. referred to… be implemented D. centered around… be implemented 19. Globalization, ________ economies, cultures, and societies become interconnected, has transformed international trade and communication. A. by which the process B. by the process C. the process by which D. which by the process 20. It is high time that the authorities ________ the city’s aging infrastructure, ________ the growing strain placed on public services by rapid urbanisation. A. have tackled; given B. tackled; given C. tackled; giving D. have tackled; being given 21. The ancient castle, _________the towering walls had witnessed centuries of history, was finally opened to the public. A. which B. whose C. of which D. that 22. _________, we must never lose our faith in the power of persistence. A. As the challenges may be great B. Great as the challenges may be C. However the challenges may be great D. No matter great the challenges may be 23. She devotes herself to protecting such endangered species, facing habitat loss and illegal hunting, ________ are crucial to maintaining the balance of the global ecosystem. A. that B. which C. as D. who 24. English is the modern equivalent of _________ used to be called Old English, from which many current English words developed. A. that B. all C. which D. what 25. The theory he firmly sticks to, despite many colleagues’ skepticism and repeated attempts to oppose it, __________ to be completely useless in his new job __________ he struggles to adapt due to its inherent conflict with new methods. A. is proved; where B. proves; with which C. proves; to which D. prove; how Section B (20分) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. finances B. continued C. decline D. addressing E. pressured AB. unneedy AC. giving AD. charges AE. tempered BC. skipping BD. cause How to Check Out a Charity Before You Donate You hear the words “childhood disease” or “natural disaster,” and it can be hard to say no to donation requests to help. But your instinct to be generous always should be ___26___ by a healthy dose of doubt. The recent crackdown launched by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) on four cancer charities a good reminder to make sure your donations are put to good use. So how can you make sure that the money you give doesn’t end up lining the pockets of the ___27___ ? Follow these tips. Hang up on telemarketers. The cancer charities charged with fraud by the FTC used telemarketing calls to raise donations. If you get a call from a group asking for money, you might feel ___28___ to make a donation on the spot. But the FTC cautions that you shouldn’t rush to say yes but ___29___ any requests to give over the phone. Telemarketing companies often keep a significant portion of the funds they raise. You’re better off ___30___ the middleman and contacting a charity directly to make a donation. Don’t wait for charities to come to you. To avoid feeling the pressure to give to an organization that reaches out to you, figure out what ___31___ is important to you. Then find charities that are ___32___ it. You can browse charities that have been evaluated by Charity Navigator by category to identify groups you want to support. Having a(n) ___33___ plan will make it easier to avoid making impulse donations. Research before you give. The FTC ___34___ against the four cancer charities shows that just because an organization claims to do good doesn’t mean it actually does. That’s why it’s important to find out as much as you can about how an organization will use your donation before you give. You can start with third-party evaluations and ratings at sites such as Charity Navigator and Charity Watch, which examine charities’ ____35____, governance and effectiveness. (B) Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. frame B. mainstream C. relevant D. swallows E. evidenced F. housed G. soaring H. instant I. fearing J. inspires K. communicating Am I Wrong to Judge People for Talking to Me in Emoji? “NOT ONLY DO I refuse to speak in symbols — emoji, bitmoji, likes, reactions, whatever — I also judge people who do. Is this fair? With AI image generators like Dall-E Mini going ____36____, it’ll only get easier to communicate in images. I’m afraid we’re losing something essential, like actually having something to say.” Even if GIFs and emoji are objects of misplaced scorn, I don’t think you’re entirely wrong in ____37____ that our relationship to language is changing. Dall-E Mini, which ____38____ up words and spits out pictures, is itself a metaphor for how visual media is replacing text as our culture’s dominant form of expression. This shift started long before the internet, of course, but images clearly thrive in digital spaces. The picture’s capacity to convey “a thousand words” is a palpable advantage at a moment when an article beyond that length tends to receive a TL; DR. Compared to the plodding linearity of language, images have what Marshall McLuhan (another genius of neologisms) called “allatonceness,” the quality of ____39____ multiple complex ideas and emotions in an ____40____. Like many forms of electronic media, images call on multiple senses and can convey disparate concepts within a single ____41____—a quality that has arguably reached its zenith in Dall-E’s surrealist mashups. If more people prefer to communicate in images, it’s not because these individuals lack “something to say,” as you put it. Quite the opposite, it is because visuals are a more immediate and effective means of articulating the fully embodied human experience, especially in the rapid-fire exigencies of the digital era. “At the high speeds of electronic communication,” McLuhan wrote, the old skills of literacy and the written word “are no longer possible; they are just too slow to be ____42____ or effective.” That McLuhan’s insight has survived for more than half a century in the dusty medium of a book suggests there are important exceptions to this rule. And despite the widespread belief that language and images are facing off in a Manichaean battle, I’m not convinced that words themselves are the problem. People are still eager as ever for verbal output when it’s embodied in a human voice, as ____43____ by the explosion of podcasts over the past decade or so. The popularity of voice texts among Gen Z (a phenomenon documented in many articles read only by middle-aged people) similarly indicates that plain old words, when ____44____ in the warmth of vocal acoustics (声学效果), are more compelling than the spectrum of GIFs and emoji. Perhaps the question is not why images are more appealing than language, but why writing and reading — be it long-form articles, text messages, or Twitter threads — have come to something that _____45_____ so much dread. III. Reading Comprehension (60分) Section A (30分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Foreign aid and NGOs can make things worse when disaster strikes Nearly all of us are collective donors in some sense - when governments send relief to disaster areas, the money they use comes from taxpayers. Many of us are also ___46___ donors, sending funds directly from our own wallets to charitable organizations. But in the past 10 to 15 years, accusations of ___47___ relief efforts and unused donations have generated concern among donors. These concerns are not ___48___; large-scale international disaster relief can have drawbacks that range from wasting resources to seriously undermining (削弱) local governments. One of the biggest challenges to disaster relief is coordination (协调). After disaster strikes, immediate necessities are important, but what is the best way to ___49___ them? Unfortunately, pouring donated items into a disaster area can ___50___ relief efforts. Their arrival in large numbers can cause “the second disaster”, ___51___ relief workers with extra responsibilities and taking up precious space. Then there are the consequent effects of ___52___ for donations for sudden big emergencies. A heartfelt expression of feeling can harm other charitable efforts by redirecting funds. The 2007 economic decline, ___53___, hit US charitable giving which didn’t recover until 2014. In such a time of donation ___54___, increasing donations to a disaster area can take funds away from other efforts that might be able to use it better. If coordination is good and immediate relief goes well, damaged communities move into the ___55___ phase. For individuals, this includes returning to work, and recollecting personal networks, all of which require ___56___ to basic public services. The charitable supply of these services can have ___57___ consequences. Most philanthropic (慈善的) organizations want to ___58___ their rebuilding efforts with local workers. This practice is beneficial to a post-disaster economy as it provides a(n) ___59___ source of wages. But if salaries and work standards of these visiting organizations are higher than those offered in the recovery area, these visitors end up causing an intemal ___60___. Top employees are no longer available or willing to work in the public sector. 46. A. individual B. generous C. competent D. cautious 47. A. involuntary B. desperate C. ill-intentioned D. counterproductive 48. A. reasonable B. unfounded C. prompt D. limited 49. A. strike B. secure C. deliver D. pace 50. A. renew B. resist C. demand D. slow 51. A. overloading B. supplying C. charging D. greeting 52. A. votes B. appeals C. pressures D. substitutes 53. A. on the contrary B. as a result C. in the meanwhile D. for example 54. A. fear B. boom C. scarcity D. change 55. A. final B. recovery C. critical D. distinct 56. A. reference B. attention C. access D. favor 57. A. positive B. immediate C. mixed D. uncertain 58. A. staff B. benefit C. replace D. survive 59. A. external B. reliable C. natural D. solid 60. A. weak economy B. unstable community C. class prejudice D. brain drain (B) Liu Cixin Imagines the Future Perhaps no one knows the power of imagination better than Chinese sci-fi writer Liu Cixin. Until four years ago, Liu worked____61____as a computer engineer at a power plant in Yangquan, Shanxi province. He only wrote science fiction in his spare time. But it was during this time that Liu’s____62____took flight. He did what he might never have the chance to do in____63____life--wander in space, fight with aliens, and visit planets light-years away. But even with such a____64____imagination, Liu, 55, probably hadn’t expected that he would become the first Asian to win the Hugo Award, science fiction’s highest prize, in 2015. Perhaps neither did he think that former U.S. President Barack Obama would read his novel The Three-Body Problem, nor that on Nov.9 in Washington DC, he would win the 2018 Arthur C. Clarke Award for Imagination in Service to Society. It’s the first time a Chinese writer has ever won the____65____. In his acceptance speech, Liu said that he____66____his imagination to Arthur C. Clarke (1917-2008), a famous UK. sci-fi author. He said that reading Clarke’s 1968 classic novel 2001: A Space Odyssey in the early 1980s had a great effect on him. “My mind____67____up like never before. I felt like a narrow stream finally embracing(融入) the sea,” Liu said. “That night, in my eyes, the starry sky was____68____ different from the past. For the first time in my life, I was awed(使敬畏)by the grandeur and mystery of the ____69____. But no matter how far away Liu’s imagination takes him, somehow his novels always stay _____70_____. In The Three-Body-Problem, for example, Liu tells a tale of aliens invading Earth. But _____71_____other alien stories, with their fancy weapons and strange creatures, Liu talks more about relationships between civilizations, rules of survival, and the meaning of life. And in The Wandering Earth, Liu looks ahead to the day when our _____72_____system comes to an end and humans have to look for a new place to live. However, all his visions and solutions are _____73_____ “hard science.” Liu’s works aren’t simply daydreams. _____74_____, it’s the fact that his imagination is based on reality that makes it such a powerful tool. In this too Liu is like his mentor Clarke, who, we read on the website of the Arthur C. Clarke Award, believed that “Humankinds most powerful tool to _____75_____ its future is its imagination.” 61. A. reluctantly B. imaginatively C. part-time D. full time 62. A. innovation B. career C. imagination D. idealism 63. A. simple B. social C. real D. future 64. A. powerful B. respective C. historical D. popular 65. A. opportunity B. honor C. popularity D. reward 66. A. committed B. compared C. granted D. owed 67. A. opened B. lighted C. warmed D. speeded 68. A. strangely B. slightly C. completely D. gradually 69. A. night B. stars C. universe D. mind 70. A. grounded B. localized C. globalized D. modernized 71. A. similar to B. instead of C. unlike D. in spite of 72. A. solar B. political C. defensive D. scientific 73. A. independent of B. based on C. contributing to D. different from 74. A. Rather B. Contrarily C. For example D. Somehow 75. A. respect B. embrace C. challenge D. shape Section B (30分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. (A) There are still many things that Peter Cooke would like to try his hand at--paper-making and feather-work are on his list. For the moment though, he will stick to the skill that he has been delighted to perfect over the past ten years: making delicate and unusual objects out of shells. “Tell me if I am boring you,” he says, as he leads me round his apartment showing me his work. There is a fine line between being a bore and being an enthusiast, but Cooke need not worry: he fits into the latter category, helped both by his charm and by the beauty of the things he makes. He points to a pair of shell-covered ornaments (装饰品) above a fireplace. “I shan’t be at all bothered if people don’t buy them because I have got so used to them, and to me they’re adorable. I never meant to sell my work commercially. Some friends came to see me about five years ago and said, ‘You must have an exhibition--people ought to see these. We’ll talk to a man who owns an art gallery’”. The result was an exhibition in London, at which 70 per cent of the objects were sold. His second exhibition opened at the gallery yesterday. Considering the enormous prices that the pieces command—around $2,000 for the ornament—an empty space above the fireplace would seem a small sacrifice for Cooke to make. There are 86 pieces in the exhibition, with prices starting at £225 for a shell--flower in a crystal vase. Cooke insists that he has nothing to do with the prices and is cheerily open about their level: he claims there is nobody else in the world who produces work like his, and, as the gallery-owner told him, “Well, you’re going to stop one day and everybody will want your pieces because there won’t be any more.” Cooke has created his own method and uses materials as and when he finds them. He uses the cardboard sent back with laundered shirts for his flower bases, a nameless glue bought from a sail-maker (‘If it runs out, I don’t know what I will do!’) and washing-up liquid to wash the shells. “I have an idea of what I want to do and it just does itself,” he says of his working method, yet the attention to detail, colour gradations and symmetry (对称) he achieves look far from accidental. 76. What can be learned about Peter Cooke from the first paragraph? A. He has produced objects with different materials. B. He was praised for his shell objects many years ago. C. He hopes to work with other materials in the future. D. He has written about his love for shell objects. 77. When looking round his apartment, the writer ________. A. is attracted by Cooke’s personality B. realizes he finds Cooke’s work boring C. feels uncertain about giving Cooke his opinion D. senses that Cooke wants his products to be admired 78. The “small sacrifice” in paragraph 3 refers to________. A. the loss of Cooke’s ornaments B. the display of Cooke’s ornaments C. the cost of keeping Cooke’s ornaments D. the space required to store Cooke’s ornaments 79. When talking about the artist’s working method, the writer implies that Cooke ________. A. is unaware of the unique quality his work has B. accepts that he sometimes makes mistakes C. undervalues the materials that he uses D. underrates his creative contribution (B) Here’s how the Pacific Northwest is preparing for “The Big One”. It’s the mother of all disaster drills for what could be the worst disaster in American history. California has spent years preparing for “The Big One”— the inevitable earthquake that will undoubtedly bring about all kinds of damage along the famous San Andreas fault. But what if the fault that runs along the Pacific Northwest delivers a gigantic earthquake of its own? If the people of the Cascadia region have anything to do with it, they won’t be caught unawares. The region is engaged in a multi-day earthquake-and-tsunami drill involving around 20, 000 people. The Cascadia Rising drill gives area residents and emergency responders a chance to practice what to do in case of a 9. 0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami along one of the nation’s dangerous and underestimated faults. The Cascadia Earthquake Zone is big enough to compete with San Andreas (it’s been called the most dangerous fault in America), but it’s much lesser known than its California cousin. Nearly 700 miles long, the earthquake zone is located by the North American Plate off the coast of Pacific British Columbia. Washington, Oregon and Northern California. Cascadia is what’s known as a “megathrust” fault. Megathrusts are created in subduction zones(俯冲带)— plate tectonic(板块构造)boundaries where two plates converge(相交). In the areas where one plate is beneath another, stress builds up over time. During a megathrust event, all of that stress releases and some of the world’s most powerful earthquake occur. Remember the 9. I earthquake and tsunami in the Indian Ocean off Sumatra in 2004? It was caused by a megathrust event as the India plate moved beneath the Burma micro-plate. The last time a major earthquake occurred along the Cascadia fault was in 1700, so officials worry that another event could occur any time. To prevent that event from becoming a severe disaster, first responders will join members of the public in rehearsals that involve communication, evacuation, search and rescue, and other possible situations. Thousands of casualties(伤亡人员) are expected if a 9. 0 earthquake were to occur. First, the earthquake would shake metropolitan areas including Seattle and Portland. This could cause a tsunami that would create damage along the coast. Not all casualties can necessarily be prevented - but by coordinating across local, state, and even national borders, officials hope that the worst-case situation can be prevented. On the exercise’s website, officials explain that the report they prepare during this rehearsal will inform disaster management for years to come. For hundreds of thousands of Cascadia residents, “The Big One” isn’t a question of if, only when. And it’s never too early to get ready for the inevitable. 80. What does “The Big One” refer to? A. A gigantic geological fault in America. B. A large-scale drill to prepare for disasters. C. A massive and destructive natural disaster. D. Mass destruction caused by the earthquake. 81. What is the purpose of the Cascadia Rising drill? A. To prepare people for a major earthquake and tsunami. B. To increase residents’awareness of upcoming disasters. C. To teach people now how adapt to post-disaster life. D. To cope with the aftermath of a possible earthquake. 82. What happens in case of a megathrust earthquake according to the passage? A. Two plates merge into one. B. A variety of forces converge. C. Boundaries blur between plates. D. Enormous stress is released. 83. What can we learn from the passage? A. A large-scale drill is supposed to prevent deaths in the earthquake. B. San Andreas fault once delivered a 9. 1 earthquake in the Indian Ocean. C. No massive earthquake is expected to strike Califomia in the near future. D. Disaster-relief efforts at different levels may help reduce possible losses. (C) Cool to be kind: being nice is good for us so why don’t we all do it What is it, exactly, that makes us kind? The Kindness Test suggests that people who receive, give or even just notice more acts of kindness tend to experience higher levels of well-being and life satisfaction. ____84____. And nearly 60% participants claimed to have received an act of kindness in the previous 24 hours. “It is a big part of human nature, to be kind - because it’s such a big part of how we connect with people and how we have relationships,” says Claudia Hammond, the leading researcher. It is win-win, because we not only like receiving kindness, but we also like being kind. ____85____. Because we have evolved to have empathy, we have many hidden reasons for being kind. The chief one is that it makes us feel good. People who have been told they should be kind are naturally more likely to notice opportunities to be kind: “They have expectations. Then, they take action,” she says. This may be one of the reasons why women who filled in the study’s online questionnaire were more likely to report being kind, receiving kindness and seeing kindness. Women may feel that they ought to report performing acts of kindness. ____86____. For this reason, Hammond questions how much girlsare stereotypically being taught at a young age, to be caring — and whether that puts an unequal amount of pressure on girlsto be kind as they grow up. Overall, the study suggests the greatest predictor of kindness is not your gender, but your personality. People who scored high on extraversion(外向性), openness to new experiences and agreeableness self-reported giving and receiving more kindness, as did people who talking to strangers. ___87___. A. It is because caring for people is an activity traditionally considered to be typical of women. B. It is sometimes used to shut women down from talking because they’ve got to ‘be kind’. C. The reason for this may simply be that these people have more confidence to be kind. D. Your religious beliefs and your values system also help to determine how kind you are. E. Also, two-thirds of people in the study think the pandemic has made people kinder. F. Our desire to be kind is actually quite selfish, on one level, she explains. IV. Grammar (20分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. Two Ancient Stories and the Geological Events That May Have Inspired Them Myths have fed the imaginations and souls of humans for thousands of years. The vast majority of these are just stories people ___88___ (hand) down through the ages. But a few have roots in real geological events of the past, providing warning of potential dangers and speaking to the awe we hold for the power of the planet. The Oracle (神示所) at Delphi In ancient Greece, in the town of Delphi on the slopes of Mount Parnassus, there was a temple ___89___ (devote) to the god Apollo. Within a sacred chamber, a priestess called the Pythia would breathe in sweet-smelling vapors coming from ___90___ crack in the rock. These vapors would send her into a state of excitement during which she would channel Apollo and speak ___91___ would then be turned into prophesies (预言) by a priest. Science: The temple was a real place, and scientists have discovered two geologic faults (断层) ___92___ (run) beneath the site, now in ruins. Gas was likely coming from those cracks ___93___ the oracle was in action. Atlantis Plato, the ancient Greek philosopher, wrote that Atlantis, a great civilization founded by a race of people who were half god and half human, ___94___ (destroy) in a great disaster. Science: Atlantis probably wasn’t a real place, but a real island civilization may have inspired the tale. ___95___ the contestants is Santorini in Greece. Santorini is now a group of islands, but thousands of years ago it was a single island — a volcano named Thera. Around 3, 500 years ago, the volcano blew up, destroying the island, setting off tsunamis and blowing tons of sulfur dioxide (二氧化硫) into the atmosphere ___96___ it continued to exist for years and probably caused many cold, wet summers. Those conditions would have ruined harvests in the region and are thought ___97___ (contribute) to the quick decline of the Minoans, who had dominated the Mediterranean from nearby Crete. 语法填空。 Grace under pressure “If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster / And treat those two imposters (冒名顶替者) just the same.” Above the tunnel that leads to Center Court at Wimbledon ____98____(hang) several lines from British novelist Rudyard Kipling’s poem If. Good times don’t last; bad days never stay—so stay calm whatever happens. Whether we like it or not, adversity is inevitable in our lives. But even if we can’t change this fact, we can still choose ____99____we react to it. More importantly, solid evidence suggests that crises ____100____bring out the best in us. On December 15, Bilibili announced its Word of the Year: yōu yǎ, or “grace” in English. According to the video streaming site, the word is used to “praise somebody for possessing a strong heart or excellent skills, being able to handle changes without ____101____(frighten), and finding and maintaining a calm and steady state of mind no matter what the situation is.” In Christianity (基督教), “grace” is defined as “the unearned favor, love and help that God shows to people.” By the early 18th century, “His/Her Grace” ____102____(use) to address English monarchs (君主). ____103____the more modern definition of “grace” has come to suggest someone who possesses “a charming trait,” the word is still more often used to describe high-ranking public figures or fashion icons. Thanks to the internet, “grace” has become so widely used that it is no longer a word specifically used to describe the privileged. Ordinary people who are fearless enough to take a calm attitude under any circumstances are equally “graceful” and, to a large extent, ____104____(deserve) more of our respect. I remember meeting an army of WWII veterans (退伍军人) in my hometown when I was a kid. Despite having lived through those terrible times, they seemed remarkably cheerful. Whenever the newspapers made gloomy predictions about the national economy at that time, they just laughed ____105____off and insisted on doing social work to help those in need. If these veterans have taught me anything, it is that graceful people never seem disappointed because they always keep their expectations in check while ____106____(strive) for the best. This is ____107____you need to learn if you wish to live with “grace”. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $