【周周有招】登顶班讲义第10讲（词义猜测凭眼熟选错咋整）2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册

本讲义聚焦构词法（-ful/-less/-ly等后缀判词性褒贬）、一般将来时（will/be going to/there be将来/主将从现及陷阱排除）、阅读词义猜测（定义/举例/同义反义/构词/语境复现五类方法），通过写作框架搭建、语法分层训练、阅读策略应用，构建从基础到综合的语言能力培养支架。 资料以“周末计划与成长”为主题，写作板块通过中文范文填空与高分句式套用提升语言表达能力，语法部分结合易错警示与分层训练培养思维品质，阅读猜词方法体系强化学习能力。课中助力教师针对性教学，课后巩固练习帮助学生查漏补缺，实现知识内化。

精品讲义2026秋八年级（上）英语-人教版 第10讲　周末计划与成长：构词法、一般将来时（二）、阅读词义猜测 词义猜测凭眼熟选错咋整？综合复习（教师版） 综合课　●　构词法、一般将来时（二）、阅读词义猜测 ——————————————————————————————————— 教师使用说明：凡题目均附答案与解析，可直接讲评批改；课堂检测或印发时，可整段删除"答案与解析"部分。"易错警示"为学生高频误判路径，建议课堂必讲。 【课时安排】 本讲为单元综合复习（构词法＋一般将来时（二）＋阅读词义猜测），建议 1 课时（45 分钟）。可按下述节奏推进： 【学习目标】 学完本讲，你应能做到—— 1. 能由 -ful、-less、-ly、-ion、-ness 等后缀见形判词性、见前后缀判褒贬，完成构词类语法填空； 2. 能用 will / be going to / there be 将来时 / 主将从现 描述周末计划，并能排除 there will have、will coming、going to have 三类高频陷阱； 3. 能运用定义、举例、同义反义、构词、语境复现五类方法定位信号词、推断生词含义，摆脱"凭语感乱猜"。 板块 核心考点 能力目标 一、写作·文章精读 周末计划征文；不定式表目的 会搭框架、会挂目的状语、会升华结尾 二、语言知识·语境识词 mean/wise/introduce/fail/form 构词网 见词形知词性，见前后缀知褒贬 三、语法·一般将来时（二） will / be going to / there be 将来 / 主将从现 见标志词定结构，见陷阱能排除 四、阅读·词义猜测 五类猜词方法＋语篇综合 定位信号词，用方法而非语感作答 五、课后巩固 词汇、语法填空、阅读（新素材） 本讲知识点一致性检测 一、写作·文章精读：How to Spend a Meaningful Weekend （一）审题与要点对应 内容提示 范文应答位置 1. How do you spend your weekends now? However, I waste much time doing something meaningless on weekends. 2. What to do to make it meaningful? 第二段：cook meals / clean up the park / visit museums / read magazines 3. Why do the activities? 各活动后的目的状语：a way to show love and build life skills / something meaningful to our community / To learn more about the world 4. Something more? all of this will come after completing my homework and reviewing what I've learned （二）中文范文 周末是放松身心、培养好习惯的最佳时光。但我以前总把大量时间浪费在毫无意义的事上。为充分利用周末，我制定了计划。首先，我要学着为家人做健康饭菜，既能表达爱意，也能锻炼生活技能；还打算和朋友清理小区小型公园，为社区做有意义的事。为拓宽眼界、了解世界，我会参观博物馆、阅读科普杂志。当然，这一切都在完成作业、复习完课堂知识之后进行。这些小改变，会让我的周末充满成长、陪伴与温暖。 （三）英文范文填空（根据提示词或语境填空） Weekends are the best time to relax and develop good habits. However, I waste much time doing something 1. ______ (meaning) on weekends. To make the 2. ______ (full) use of weekends, I've decided to make a weekend plan. I'll start by learning to cook 3. ______ (health) meals for my family—a way to show love and build life skills. I also plan 4. ______ (join) friends in cleaning up our neighborhood pocket park, 5. ______ (do) something meaningful to our community. To learn more 6. ______ the world, I'll visit museums and read science magazines. Of course, all of this will come after 7. ______ (complete) my homework and reviewing 8. ______ I've learned. These small changes will turn my weekends 9. ______ moments of 10. ______ (grow), connection, and warmth. 答案与解析 1. meaningless（however 转折，meaning＋-less 反义，见第二板块） 2. fullest（make the＋最高级＋use of） 3. healthy（修饰 meals 用形容词） 4. to join（plan to do） 5. doing（现在分词作伴随状语，I 与 do 主动） 6. about（learn about 了解） 7. completing（介词 after＋动名词） 8. what（宾语从句缺 learned 的宾语） 9. into（turn... into...） 10. growth（介词 of＋名词） （四）写作框架与高分表达 段落 功能 可套用句式 Beginning 现状＋转折＋立计划 Weekends are the best time to... However, I waste much time... To make the fullest use of..., I've decided to... Body 活动＋目的 I'll start by... —a way to... / I also plan to..., doing... / To..., I'll... Ending 收束＋升华 all of this will come after... / turn my weekends into moments of growth, connection and warmth 高分表达：make the fullest use of（优于 make good use of）、develop / form good habits、build life skills、clean up the neighborhood pocket park（具体化）、come after doing（分层）。 （五）易错警示（错误路径演示） ✗ 误判：I will do my homework and then play basketball. It is very happy. ——活动只罗列、无目的状语；学习与活动无先后分层；happy 与 meaningful 不对等，未扣题。 ✓ 正解：I'll play basketball with friends, building my body and team spirit. Of course, all of this will come after completing my homework. These small changes will turn my weekends into moments of growth. 要诀：每个活动挂一个目的状语，并用 come after 把学习与活动分层——这正是 meaningful 的评分点。 二、语言知识·语境识词（U6 Part 2） （一）语境识词（英汉对照） 1. We should make wise decisions in our life, and our wisdom helps us solve many difficult problems. 我们要做出明智的抉择，智慧帮我们化解诸多难题。 2. She will introduce her new teacher to the class, and her introduction will win everyone's attention. 她将向全班介绍新来的老师，这番介绍会吸引所有人的目光。 3. Please tell me the meaning of this English sentence, and it means we should keep trying. 请告诉我这个句子的意思，它意味着我们应当坚持不懈。 4. Don't give up when you fail the exam, and this failure will teach you a useful lesson. 考试失利不要气馁，这次失败会给你宝贵的教训。 5. We should look ahead to our future, and there is a bright future ahead of us. 我们应展望未来，美好前程就在前方。 6. We need to form good learning habits, and these students form a study group to help each other. 我们要养成好习惯，这些同学组建学习小组互帮互助。 （二）词性转换网络与构词法考点网 词根 名词 形容词 / 副词 wise 明智的 wisdom 智慧；才智 wisely 明智地 introduce 介绍；引进 introduction 介绍；引进；序言 — mean 意味着；打算 meaning 意义；含义 meaningful 有意义的 ↔ meaningless 无意义的；无价值的 fail 失败；未能 failure 失败 fail to do 未能做成 form 形式；表格；形成 form formal 正式的 ↔ informal 非正式的；former 以前的 mean (v.) → meaning (n.) → meaningful (adj.) ↔ meaningless (adj.) ↑ -ful 肯定 ↑ -less 否定 fail (v.) → failure (n.) fail to do sth. 未能做成 wise (adj.) → wisdom (n.) → wisely (adv.) introduce (v.) → introduction (n.) form (v./n.) → formal (adj.) ↔ informal (adj.)；former (adj.) 因果链：-ful / -less 是一对反义形容词后缀，也是阅读词义猜测的破解钥匙——考场上遇生词先看有无这两种后缀（见第四板块方法④）。 （三）语法填空 1. His ______ (wise) helps him make the right choice. 2. She ______ (introduce) her brother to us at the party yesterday. 3. Do you know the ______ (mean) of the word "kindness"? 4. The ______ (introduce) of the new library will be given by our head teacher tomorrow. 5. His ______ (fail) in the exam made him more determined. 6. They ______ (form) a study group to help each other last term. 答案：1. wisdom　2. introduced　3. meaning　4. introduction　5. failure　6. formed 解析：1、3、4、5 空均位于物主代词或 the 之后，填名词；2、6 空分别由 yesterday、last term 判定为一般过去时。 （四）单句语法填空 1. He spoke ______ (wise) in the speech, which won high praise from the audience. 2. The ______ (introduce) of new technology has greatly improved our work efficiency. 3. I didn't mean ______ (hurt) your feelings, so please forgive me. 4. She failed ______ (pass) the driving test because of careless mistakes yesterday. 5. We finished the whole project three days ahead ______ schedule. 6. The young team has ______ (form) a close bond with its members. 7. It is ______ (meaning) to waste time on online games. 8. He always shares what he has ______ others in need. 9. His memory is ______ (fail) as he grows old, so he always forgets things. 10. He felt his life was not ______ (meaning) any more and the love of his family made him warm. 11. Some resolutions are about ______ (physics) health. 12. Tom, you should learn to look after ______ (you). 答案：1. wisely　2. introduction　3. to hurt　4. to pass　5. of　6. formed　7. meaningless　8. with　9. failing　10. meaningless　11. physical　12. yourself 解析：1 修饰动词用副词；3 mean to do 打算做（对比 mean doing 意味着）；4 fail to do；5 ahead of schedule；6 has＋过去分词；7 It is＋adj.＋to do；8 share sth. with sb.；9 现在进行时表记忆力衰退；10 not... any more；11 physics → physical；12 look after oneself。 （五）综合填空 Making a self-plan is a wise way to improve ourselves. Many teenagers fail 1. ______ (make) progress steadily 2. ______ they have no clear goals. A good plan can help us stay ahead 3. ______ our tasks instead of doing 4. ______ (mean) things that waste our time. Every small effort should be 5. ______ (meaning) and helpful. Second, we can try new learning methods after their 6. ______ (introduce) by teachers. Third, never be mean 7. ______ your energy when you want to form new habits. If you once 8. ______ (failure) to keep your plan, don't give up. Failure is a time to gain 9. ______ (wise). By means 10. ______ continuous adjustment, you will finally become a better self. 答案：1. to make　2. because　3. of　4. meaningless　5. meaningful　6. introduction　7. with　8. fail　9. wisdom　10. of 解析：1 fail to do；2 前后因果用 because；3 ahead of；4、5 同根反义对照（-less 否定 / -ful 肯定）；6 their＋名词；7 be mean with 吝惜；8 once 从句缺谓语，一般现在时；9 gain＋名词；10 by means of 通过……方式。 三、语法·一般将来时（二） （一）考点网络 类别 结构 标志词 / 判定依据 题号 ① will＋do（客观将来、预测、临时决定） will do / will be tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, how soon, before the meeting 1、2、3 ② be going to＋do（计划、打算） am/is/are going to do this afternoon, next week；问句用 be going to 时答句呼应 4、5 ③ there be 的将来（易错） there will be / there is going to be（禁用 have） there＋将来时间状语 6、7 ④ 主将从现（易错） 从句一般现在时，主句 will do if, as soon as, when 8 ⑤ 进行时表将来（位移动词） am/is/are coming/going/leaving soon；come/go/leave/arrive 9 ⑥ 现在进行时表此刻发生（与⑤辨析） am/is/are doing now, look，语境"此刻" 10 （二）易错警示（错误路径演示） 迷思 1｜there be 里混进 have ✗ There will have a festival in our school next week. 错因：把中文"有"直译为 have。 拆除：there be 表"存在有"，将来时只写 there will be / there is going to be；have 表"拥有"，主语须是人。另注意就近原则：主语 a festival 为单数，不可用 are going to be。 迷思 2｜主将从现与 too / either 不一致 ✗ If you go to the meeting tomorrow, he won't, either. 错因：忽略肯否一致。 拆除：if 引导条件从句用一般现在时表将来（主将从现）；语境为肯定"他也去"，故用 he will, too——too 用于肯定，either 用于否定。 迷思 3｜位移动词误叠 will ✗ He will coming soon. 拆除：位移动词的现在进行时可表按计划即将发生，写 He is coming soon.；也可用 He will come soon.，但不可 will＋coming。 （三）分层训练 A 组　基础巩固（will＋do） 1. —I've never seen Mr. Taylor. —Don't worry. I ______ him to you before the meeting. 　　A. will introduce　B. introduced　C. have introduced　D. had introduced 2. My mother ______ me a computer as a birthday present next year. 　　A. gives　B. gave　C. will give　D. has given 3. —Could you please tell me how soon he ______ his first visit abroad? —In about three weeks. 　　A. pays　B. paid　C. will pay　D. would pay 答案：1. A　2. C　3. C 解析：1 before the meeting 表将来，introduce sb. to sb.；2 next year 用将来时；3 how soon 搭配 in＋时间段，用将来时。 B 组　计划与迹象（be going to） 4. —What are you going to do this afternoon? —I ______ a football match. 　　A. watch　B. am going to watch　C. will watching　D. have watched 5. —Who ______ the Voice of China? —I'm not sure. There are still three rounds to come. 　　A. won　B. has won　C. will win　D. wins 答案：4. B　5. C 解析：4 问句用 be going to 问已定安排，答句呼应；C 项形式错误（will＋原形）。5 "还有三轮"说明结果未定，用将来时。 C 组　易错突破（there be 将来 / 主将从现） 6. The news report says that there ______ a storm the day after tomorrow. 　　A. is　B. was　C. will be　D. has been 7. There ______ a festival about water in our school next week. 　　A. will have　B. will be　C. is going to have　D. are going to be 8. If you go to the meeting tomorrow, ______. 　　A. he will, too　B. he won't, either　C. he does, too　D. he doesn't, either 答案：6. C　7. B　8. A 解析：6 the day after tomorrow ＋ there be 将来时。7 there be 禁用 have，排除 A、C；主语单数排除 D 的 are。8 主将从现＋语境肯定用 too。 D 组　进行时（表将来 / 表此刻） 9. —Mr. Li, where is our English teacher? I need his help. —Wait a minute. He ______ soon. 　　A. is coming　B. come　C. comes　D. coming 10. —Does this bus go to the beach? —No. You ______ the wrong way. You want the Number 11. 　　A. go　B. were going　C. are going　D. would go 答案：9. A　10. C 解析：9 come 为位移动词，soon 表即将，进行时表将来。10 语境"此刻正走错方向"，用现在进行时表说话当时发生，与第 9 题对照。 四、阅读理解·词义猜测题 （一）方法体系（信号词 → 操作动作） 方法 识别信号 操作动作 ① 定义解释法 is / means / that is、破折号、定语从句、同位语 照抄定义句 ② 举例法 for example / such as、具体事例 由例子反推"上义词" ③ 同义、反义法 and / or（同向）；but / however / though（反向） 并列取同，转折取反 ④ 构词法 -ful / -less / un- / im- / re-、合成词 拆词根＋前后缀，判褒贬（呼应第二板块） ⑤ 逻辑关系与语境复现 because / so、后文复现 由因果链推导 （二）易错警示（错误路径演示） 迷思 A｜被"拼写眼熟"带偏 ✗ 见 recall 联想到 call，凭眼熟选 decide / mean。 拆除：猜词不看拼写眼熟度，只看该词的逻辑功能——recall 后接回忆内容，且与后文 forgot 呼应，"回看过去"即 remember。 迷思 B｜中文直译先入为主 ✗ 见 reduced 因选项措辞不熟而误选 "making sth. more"。 拆除：定位后文 freed up time（腾出时间）印证时间"变少"，对应 "making sth. less"。 （三）分层训练（按方法归类） 1. 定义解释法（2024–2025 武汉外国语学校八上） ...How can this kind of fish do that? It is still a mystery. Scientists have no good answers yet. ① What does the underlined word "mystery" probably mean? A. Secret.　B. Choice.　C. Reason.　D. Feeling. 答案：A（方法①） 解析：后句"无人能解释"即 mystery 的定义——无人知晓之事＝秘密。 2. 举例法（2024–2025 武珞路八上） "It's hard having such a big family... they're always prying into my personal life. Yesterday I found her looking through my diary." ② Which of the following can help understand the word "prying"? A. Looking through my diary.　B. Watching the game.　C. Listening to the radio.　D. To be alone for a change. 答案：A（方法②） 解析：偷看日记是 prying 的具体例证。 3. 同义、反义与逻辑法 （2024–2025 洪山区八上） ...they do so because they are anxious about our health, study and so on. ③ "anxious" probably means "______". A. worried　B. angry　C. pleased　D. excited 答案：A（方法③） 解析：care about＋health/study 说明父母出于"担心"。 （2024–2025 江岸区八上） Besides, technology has indeed reduced the time it takes to cook a meal... But it has also freed up time... ④ "reduced" means "______". A. making sth more　B. making sth less　C. making sth stronger　D. making sth larger 答案：B（方法③④） 解析：freed up time 印证耗时变少；reduce 本身即"减少"。 （2024–2025 江汉区八上） Swan's stories of his trips really impressed me. It was more than 30 years ago when he first went to the South Pole... ⑤ "impressed" means "______". A. made me remember well　B. made me really worried　C. brought new life to me　D. brought good luck to me 答案：A（方法⑤） 解析：30 年前的故事至今记得＝留下深刻印象。 4. 语境复现法（2024–2025 东湖高新区八上） She would later recall that her first running was wonderful. "I just forgot all my bad..." ⑥ "recall" is closest in meaning to "______". A. hope　B. decide　C. mean　D. remember 答案：D（方法⑤） 解析：recall 后接回忆内容，与 forgot 构成"过去—回看"呼应。 （四）语篇综合（青山区 2025–2026 八上期末） Taylor was a very successful teacher for nine years before he became a full-time poet (诗人). When visitors came to ask for teaching methods, he always told them: "Those who can, do; those who can't, teach." I was among the visitors and couldn't help asking, "You're a teacher... but what do you make?" He said, "Since you ask for it, I'll be honest. I make kids work harder than they ever thought they could. I make a C+ feel like a Medal of Honor (荣誉奖章) — something to celebrate, a sign of growth. And I make an A- feel like losing face — not to disappoint them, but to remind them they're more capable." He continued, "How dare you waste my time with anything less than your best?" And when a student makes trouble, ★ . He has talks with parents patiently, helping them see their children for who they truly are and what they can become. Taylor doesn't just teach. He make a really big difference, one student, one class, one year at a time. 56. What is Taylor now?　A. A teacher.　B. A poet.　C. A visitor.　D. A student. 57. Why did the writer go to visit Taylor?　A. To meet his old classmate.　B. To ask for teaching methods.　C. To learn how to write poems.　D. To invite him to give a speech. 58. Which has the closest meaning to "more capable"?　A. lazier　B. busier　C. better　D. happier 59. Which of the following can be put in ★?　A. And you want to see your classmate　B. So you call your parents　C. But you don't have time　D. Because you are bored 60. What can be the best title?　A. What can a teacher make?　B. Those who can't teach.　C. What makes a teacher?　D. Those who can't learn. 答案与解析 56. B（易错 A）首句"教书九年"发生在成为诗人之前，now 问现在身份；陷阱在 before 划定的时间边界。 57. B 首段 When visitors came to ask for teaching methods 点明来访目的。 58. C capable 有能力的，more capable＝更能干；B 项 busier 为形近干扰。 59. B ★后"耐心与家长沟通"说明此处衔接"叫家长"。 60. A 全文以 What do you make? 设问，通篇用 make kids work harder / make a C+ feel like... / make a difference 作答，make 一语双关（制造成绩 vs 成就学生）。 长难句提炼：I make a C+ feel like a Medal of Honor — something to celebrate, a sign of growth.（make＋宾语＋宾补；破折号后为同位语解释——这正是"定义解释法"在真实语篇中的样子。） 五、课后巩固 1. 词与短语填空（方框内词限用一次） wise　wisdom　introduce　meaningful　fail　ahead　form It is necessary for us to make a life plan when we are young. A 1. ______ plan can guide us to move 2. ______ bravely on the road of growth. We should try to 3. ______ good living and learning habits in our daily life. Schools always 4. ______ advanced learning concepts to help students grow. We need to turn our knowledge into 5. ______. Besides, we should spend time on 6. ______ things instead of wasting time. Never 7. ______ to stick to your dreams, and you will gain growth eventually. 答案：1. wise　2. ahead　3. form　4. introduce　5. wisdom　6. meaningful　7. fail 解析：1 修饰 plan 用形容词；2 move ahead；3 form habits；4 introduce concepts；5 turn... into wisdom；6 与 wasting time 反向；7 Never fail to do 双重否定表强调。 2. 综合填空（用括号内词的适当形式或根据语境填空） At the start of the year, lots of people often make their own New Year's 1. ______ (resolution). What about you? Do you know what kind of resolutions you should make? First, your New Year's resolutions should be good for you. They can be about your schoolwork. For example, you can promise 2. ______ (you) that you are going to finish your homework on time. They can also be about your 3. ______ (physics) health. But whatever resolutions you make, you should make sure that they can help improve your life or have something to do with self-improvement. Second, your New Year's resolutions should not be very difficult 4. ______ (keep). Before 5. ______ (make) them, you should think carefully if you are able to keep your resolutions. Don't make resolutions that are 6. ______ (possible) to keep. You should keep your resolutions 7. ______ (small) and simple and then you can keep them 8. ______ (simple). After you make some good and realistic (现实的) resolutions, don't 9. ______ to make a plan. 10. ______ (write) down what you need to do every day is very necessary, and then do it. 答案：1. resolutions　2. yourself　3. physical　4. to keep　5. making　6. impossible　7. small　8. simply　9. forget　10. Writing 解析：1 复数泛指；2 promise oneself；3 physics → physical；4 be difficult to keep 不定式主动表被动；5 before 作介词＋动名词；6 反义词（呼应构词法）；7 keep sth.＋adj.；8 修饰动词用副词；9 don't forget to do；10 动名词短语作主语，句首大写。 3. 阅读理解（新素材：周末计划与成长） Last weekend, my teacher asked us to make a weekend plan that could help us grow. At first I thought it was just another boring task, so I wrote a few lines carelessly: get up early, finish homework, watch TV. Then my deskmate Lisa showed me hers. She planned to clean up the small park near our school and to teach her grandma to use a smartphone. "It's not only helpful but also rewarding," she said. I didn't know the word, but from her words "you get something good back after giving", I guessed its meaning. I decided to try something new. On Saturday morning I joined Lisa's group. We picked up rubbish and watered the young trees. Though I was tired, I felt proud when a little boy said thank you to us. In the afternoon, I taught my grandma to send voice messages. She was so happy that she called three relatives at once. On Sunday I finished my homework first and then read a science magazine about space. Now I understand: a meaningful weekend is not about how much you do, but about whether you grow a little and give a little. 1. What does the underlined word "rewarding" most probably mean? A. Tiring.　B. Worth doing.　C. Boring.　D. Difficult. 2. What did the writer do on Saturday afternoon? A. Cleaned the park.　B. Taught his grandma to use a phone.　C. Read a science magazine.　D. Finished his homework. 3. The writer wrote the passage mainly to ______. A. show how to make a weekend plan that helps us grow　B. tell us to finish homework before playing　C. introduce a science magazine about space　D. ask students to clean up the park near school 4. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. The writer wasted his weekend again.　B. A meaningful weekend must be full of activities.　C. Growth and giving matter more than the number of activities.　D. The writer will never watch TV on weekends again. 答案与解析 1. B（方法①＋⑤） 后文"付出后有好的回报"即 rewarding 的解释＝值得做的。 2. B 第二段"下午教奶奶发语音"对应 B；A 为上午活动，C、D 为周日，属时间错位干扰。 3. A 全文按"敷衍计划—受启发—实践—领悟"展开，末段点明主旨。 4. C 末段"不在于做了多少，而在于是否成长与付出"与 C 同义转述。 六、选择题答案速查 题组 答案 三·A（1–3） A　C　C 三·B（4–5） B　C 三·C（6–8） C　B　A 三·D（9–10） A　C 四（三）1–6 A　A　A　B　A　D 四（四）56–60 B　B　C　B　A 五·3（1–4） B　B　A　C 【带走：考前自检三问】 本讲考点多，考前别急着刷题，先过这三道判断——每一道都是考场上的"抓手"。 一问｜这个空填名词还是形容词？先扫后缀：-ful 表肯定、-less 表否定、-ly 是副词、-ion / -ness 是名词。meaning、meaningless、meaningful、meaningfully 词性一目了然，词性定了，搭配才不偏。 二问｜这句将来时会不会栽进 there will have？there be 表"存在"，将来只写 there will be / there is going to be；"拥有"才用 have，主语必须是人。位移动词（come / go / leave / arrive）可用进行时表将来，但绝不写 will coming。 三问｜这个生词是褒是贬、近义还是反义？先找信号词：is / 破折号＝定义，for example / such as＝举例，but / however / though＝取反，because / so＝因果。信号定方法，方法定答案，别凭语感乱猜。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 精品讲义2026秋八年级（上）英语-人教版 第10讲　周末计划与成长：构词法、一般将来时（二）、阅读词义猜测 词义猜测凭眼熟选错咋整？综合复习（学生版） 综合课　●　构词法、一般将来时（二）、阅读词义猜测 ——————————————————————————————————— 【课时安排】 本讲为单元综合复习（构词法＋一般将来时（二）＋阅读词义猜测），建议 1 课时（45 分钟）。可按下述节奏推进： 【学习目标】 学完本讲，你应能做到—— 1. 能由 -ful、-less、-ly、-ion、-ness 等后缀见形判词性、见前后缀判褒贬，完成构词类语法填空； 2. 能用 will / be going to / there be 将来时 / 主将从现 描述周末计划，并能排除 there will have、will coming、going to have 三类高频陷阱； 3. 能运用定义、举例、同义反义、构词、语境复现五类方法定位信号词、推断生词含义，摆脱"凭语感乱猜"。 板块 核心考点 能力目标 一、写作·文章精读 周末计划征文；不定式表目的 会搭框架、会挂目的状语、会升华结尾 二、语言知识·语境识词 mean/wise/introduce/fail/form 构词网 见词形知词性，见前后缀知褒贬 三、语法·一般将来时（二） will / be going to / there be 将来 / 主将从现 见标志词定结构，见陷阱能排除 四、阅读·词义猜测 五类猜词方法＋语篇综合 定位信号词，用方法而非语感作答 五、课后巩固 词汇、语法填空、阅读（新素材） 本讲知识点一致性检测 一、写作·文章精读：How to Spend a Meaningful Weekend （一）审题与要点对应 内容提示 我的应答要点（关键词） 1. How do you spend your weekends now? 2. What to do to make it meaningful? 3. Why do the activities? 4. Something more? （二）中文范文 周末是放松身心、培养好习惯的最佳时光。但我以前总把大量时间浪费在毫无意义的事上。为充分利用周末，我制定了计划。首先，我要学着为家人做健康饭菜，既能表达爱意，也能锻炼生活技能；还打算和朋友清理小区小型公园，为社区做有意义的事。为拓宽眼界、了解世界，我会参观博物馆、阅读科普杂志。当然，这一切都在完成作业、复习完课堂知识之后进行。这些小改变，会让我的周末充满成长、陪伴与温暖。 （三）英文范文填空（根据提示词或语境填空） Weekends are the best time to relax and develop good habits. However, I waste much time doing something 1. ______ (meaning) on weekends. To make the 2. ______ (full) use of weekends, I've decided to make a weekend plan. I'll start by learning to cook 3. ______ (health) meals for my family—a way to show love and build life skills. I also plan 4. ______ (join) friends in cleaning up our neighborhood pocket park, 5. ______ (do) something meaningful to our community. To learn more 6. ______ the world, I'll visit museums and read science magazines. Of course, all of this will come after 7. ______ (complete) my homework and reviewing 8. ______ I've learned. These small changes will turn my weekends 9. ______ moments of 10. ______ (grow), connection, and warmth. （四）写作框架与高分表达 段落 功能 可套用句式 Beginning 现状＋转折＋立计划 Weekends are the best time to... However, I waste much time... To make the fullest use of..., I've decided to... Body 活动＋目的 I'll start by... —a way to... / I also plan to..., doing... / To..., I'll... Ending 收束＋升华 all of this will come after... / turn my weekends into moments of growth, connection and warmth 高分表达：make the fullest use of（优于 make good use of）、develop / form good habits、build life skills、clean up the neighborhood pocket park（具体化）、come after doing（分层）。 （五）易错警示（错误路径演示） ✗ 误判：I will do my homework and then play basketball. It is very happy. ——活动只罗列、无目的状语；学习与活动无先后分层；happy 与 meaningful 不对等，未扣题。 ✓ 我的改法： I'll play basketball with friends, building my body and team spirit. ① 补一句“学习与活动先后分层”（用 come after）：________________________________________ ② 补一句“升华收尾”（用 turn... into...）：________________________________________ 要诀：每个活动挂一个目的状语，并用 come after 把学习与活动分层——这正是 meaningful 的评分点。 二、语言知识·语境识词（U6 Part 2） （一）语境识词（英汉对照） 1. We should make wise decisions in our life, and our wisdom helps us solve many difficult problems. 我们要做出明智的抉择，智慧帮我们化解诸多难题。 2. She will introduce her new teacher to the class, and her introduction will win everyone's attention. 她将向全班介绍新来的老师，这番介绍会吸引所有人的目光。 3. Please tell me the meaning of this English sentence, and it means we should keep trying. 请告诉我这个句子的意思，它意味着我们应当坚持不懈。 4. Don't give up when you fail the exam, and this failure will teach you a useful lesson. 考试失利不要气馁，这次失败会给你宝贵的教训。 5. We should look ahead to our future, and there is a bright future ahead of us. 我们应展望未来，美好前程就在前方。 6. We need to form good learning habits, and these students form a study group to help each other. 我们要养成好习惯，这些同学组建学习小组互帮互助。 （二）词性转换网络与构词法考点网 词根 名词 形容词 / 副词 wise 明智的 wisdom 智慧；才智 wisely 明智地 introduce 介绍；引进 introduction 介绍；引进；序言 — mean 意味着；打算 meaning 意义；含义 meaningful 有意义的 ↔ meaningless 无意义的；无价值的 fail 失败；未能 failure 失败 fail to do 未能做成 form 形式；表格；形成 form formal 正式的 ↔ informal 非正式的；former 以前的 mean (v.) → meaning (n.) → meaningful (adj.) ↔ meaningless (adj.) ↑ -ful 肯定 ↑ -less 否定 fail (v.) → failure (n.) fail to do sth. 未能做成 wise (adj.) → wisdom (n.) → wisely (adv.) introduce (v.) → introduction (n.) form (v./n.) → formal (adj.) ↔ informal (adj.)；former (adj.) 因果链：-ful / -less 是一对反义形容词后缀，也是阅读词义猜测的破解钥匙——考场上遇生词先看有无这两种后缀（见第四板块方法④）。 （三）语法填空 1. His ______ (wise) helps him make the right choice. 2. She ______ (introduce) her brother to us at the party yesterday. 3. Do you know the ______ (mean) of the word "kindness"? 4. The ______ (introduce) of the new library will be given by our head teacher tomorrow. 5. His ______ (fail) in the exam made him more determined. 6. They ______ (form) a study group to help each other last term. （四）单句语法填空 1. He spoke ______ (wise) in the speech, which won high praise from the audience. 2. The ______ (introduce) of new technology has greatly improved our work efficiency. 3. I didn't mean ______ (hurt) your feelings, so please forgive me. 4. She failed ______ (pass) the driving test because of careless mistakes yesterday. 5. We finished the whole project three days ahead ______ schedule. 6. The young team has ______ (form) a close bond with its members. 7. It is ______ (meaning) to waste time on online games. 8. He always shares what he has ______ others in need. 9. His memory is ______ (fail) as he grows old, so he always forgets things. 10. He felt his life was not ______ (meaning) any more and the love of his family made him warm. 11. Some resolutions are about ______ (physics) health. 12. Tom, you should learn to look after ______ (you). （五）综合填空 Making a self-plan is a wise way to improve ourselves. Many teenagers fail 1. ______ (make) progress steadily 2. ______ they have no clear goals. A good plan can help us stay ahead 3. ______ our tasks instead of doing 4. ______ (mean) things that waste our time. Every small effort should be 5. ______ (meaning) and helpful. Second, we can try new learning methods after their 6. ______ (introduce) by teachers. Third, never be mean 7. ______ your energy when you want to form new habits. If you once 8. ______ (failure) to keep your plan, don't give up. Failure is a time to gain 9. ______ (wise). By means 10. ______ continuous adjustment, you will finally become a better self. 三、语法·一般将来时（二） （一）考点网络 类别 结构 标志词 / 判定依据 题号 ① will＋do（客观将来、预测、临时决定） will do / will be tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, how soon, before the meeting 1、2、3 ② be going to＋do（计划、打算） am/is/are going to do this afternoon, next week；问句用 be going to 时答句呼应 4、5 ③ there be 的将来（易错） there will be / there is going to be（禁用 have） there＋将来时间状语 6、7 ④ 主将从现（易错） 从句一般现在时，主句 will do if, as soon as, when 8 ⑤ 进行时表将来（位移动词） am/is/are coming/going/leaving soon；come/go/leave/arrive 9 ⑥ 现在进行时表此刻发生（与⑤辨析） am/is/are doing now, look，语境"此刻" 10 （二）易错警示（错误路径演示） 迷思 1｜there be 里混进 have ✗ There will have a festival in our school next week. 错因：把中文"有"直译为 have。 拆除：there be 表"存在有"，将来时只写 there will be / there is going to be；have 表"拥有"，主语须是人。另注意就近原则：主语 a festival 为单数，不可用 are going to be。　请改出正确句子：________________________________________ 迷思 2｜主将从现与 too / either 不一致 ✗ If you go to the meeting tomorrow, he won't, either. 错因：忽略肯否一致。 拆除：if 引导条件从句用一般现在时表将来（主将从现）；语境为肯定"他也去"，故用 he will, too——too 用于肯定，either 用于否定。　请改出正确句子：________________________________________ 迷思 3｜位移动词误叠 will ✗ He will coming soon. 拆除：位移动词的现在进行时可表按计划即将发生；也可用 will＋动词原形，但绝不可 will＋coming。请改出正确句子：________________________________________ （三）分层训练 A 组　基础巩固（will＋do） 1. —I've never seen Mr. Taylor. —Don't worry. I ______ him to you before the meeting. 　　A. will introduce　B. introduced　C. have introduced　D. had introduced 2. My mother ______ me a computer as a birthday present next year. 　　A. gives　B. gave　C. will give　D. has given 3. —Could you please tell me how soon he ______ his first visit abroad? —In about three weeks. 　　A. pays　B. paid　C. will pay　D. would pay B 组　计划与迹象（be going to） 4. —What are you going to do this afternoon? —I ______ a football match. 　　A. watch　B. am going to watch　C. will watching　D. have watched 5. —Who ______ the Voice of China? —I'm not sure. There are still three rounds to come. 　　A. won　B. has won　C. will win　D. wins C 组　易错突破（there be 将来 / 主将从现） 6. The news report says that there ______ a storm the day after tomorrow. 　　A. is　B. was　C. will be　D. has been 7. There ______ a festival about water in our school next week. 　　A. will have　B. will be　C. is going to have　D. are going to be 8. If you go to the meeting tomorrow, ______. 　　A. he will, too　B. he won't, either　C. he does, too　D. he doesn't, either D 组　进行时（表将来 / 表此刻） 9. —Mr. Li, where is our English teacher? I need his help. —Wait a minute. He ______ soon. 　　A. is coming　B. come　C. comes　D. coming 10. —Does this bus go to the beach? —No. You ______ the wrong way. You want the Number 11. 　　A. go　B. were going　C. are going　D. would go 四、阅读理解·词义猜测题 （一）方法体系（信号词 → 操作动作） 方法 识别信号 操作动作 ① 定义解释法 is / means / that is、破折号、定语从句、同位语 照抄定义句 ② 举例法 for example / such as、具体事例 由例子反推"上义词" ③ 同义、反义法 and / or（同向）；but / however / though（反向） 并列取同，转折取反 ④ 构词法 -ful / -less / un- / im- / re-、合成词 拆词根＋前后缀，判褒贬（呼应第二板块） ⑤ 逻辑关系与语境复现 because / so、后文复现 由因果链推导 （二）易错警示（错误路径演示） 迷思 A｜被"拼写眼熟"带偏 ✗ 见 recall 联想到 call，凭眼熟选 decide / mean。 拆除：猜词不看拼写眼熟度，只看该词的逻辑功能——recall 后接回忆内容，且与后文 forgot 呼应，"回看过去"即 ______。 迷思 B｜中文直译先入为主 ✗ 见 reduced 因选项措辞不熟而误选 "making sth. more"。 拆除：定位后文 freed up time（腾出时间）印证时间"变少"，对应 ______（时间变少）。 （三）分层训练（按方法归类） 1. 定义解释法（2024–2025 武汉外国语学校八上） ...How can this kind of fish do that? It is still a mystery. Scientists have no good answers yet. ① What does the underlined word "mystery" probably mean? A. Secret.　B. Choice.　C. Reason.　D. Feeling. 2. 举例法（2024–2025 武珞路八上） "It's hard having such a big family... they're always prying into my personal life. Yesterday I found her looking through my diary." ② Which of the following can help understand the word "prying"? A. Looking through my diary.　B. Watching the game.　C. Listening to the radio.　D. To be alone for a change. 3. 同义、反义与逻辑法 （2024–2025 洪山区八上） ...they do so because they are anxious about our health, study and so on. ③ "anxious" probably means "______". A. worried　B. angry　C. pleased　D. excited （2024–2025 江岸区八上） Besides, technology has indeed reduced the time it takes to cook a meal... But it has also freed up time... ④ "reduced" means "______". A. making sth more　B. making sth less　C. making sth stronger　D. making sth larger （2024–2025 江汉区八上） Swan's stories of his trips really impressed me. It was more than 30 years ago when he first went to the South Pole... ⑤ "impressed" means "______". A. made me remember well　B. made me really worried　C. brought new life to me　D. brought good luck to me 4. 语境复现法（2024–2025 东湖高新区八上） She would later recall that her first running was wonderful. "I just forgot all my bad..." ⑥ "recall" is closest in meaning to "______". A. hope　B. decide　C. mean　D. remember （四）语篇综合（青山区 2025–2026 八上期末） Taylor was a very successful teacher for nine years before he became a full-time poet (诗人). When visitors came to ask for teaching methods, he always told them: "Those who can, do; those who can't, teach." I was among the visitors and couldn't help asking, "You're a teacher... but what do you make?" He said, "Since you ask for it, I'll be honest. I make kids work harder than they ever thought they could. I make a C+ feel like a Medal of Honor (荣誉奖章) — something to celebrate, a sign of growth. And I make an A- feel like losing face — not to disappoint them, but to remind them they're more capable." He continued, "How dare you waste my time with anything less than your best?" And when a student makes trouble, ★ . He has talks with parents patiently, helping them see their children for who they truly are and what they can become. Taylor doesn't just teach. He make a really big difference, one student, one class, one year at a time. 56. What is Taylor now?　A. A teacher.　B. A poet.　C. A visitor.　D. A student. 57. Why did the writer go to visit Taylor?　A. To meet his old classmate.　B. To ask for teaching methods.　C. To learn how to write poems.　D. To invite him to give a speech. 58. Which has the closest meaning to "more capable"?　A. lazier　B. busier　C. better　D. happier 59. Which of the following can be put in ★?　A. And you want to see your classmate　B. So you call your parents　C. But you don't have time　D. Because you are bored 60. What can be the best title?　A. What can a teacher make?　B. Those who can't teach.　C. What makes a teacher?　D. Those who can't learn. 长难句提炼：I make a C+ feel like a Medal of Honor — something to celebrate, a sign of growth.（make＋宾语＋宾补；破折号后为同位语解释——这正是"定义解释法"在真实语篇中的样子。） 五、课后巩固 1. 词与短语填空（方框内词限用一次） wise　wisdom　introduce　meaningful　fail　ahead　form It is necessary for us to make a life plan when we are young. A 1. ______ plan can guide us to move 2. ______ bravely on the road of growth. We should try to 3. ______ good living and learning habits in our daily life. Schools always 4. ______ advanced learning concepts to help students grow. We need to turn our knowledge into 5. ______. Besides, we should spend time on 6. ______ things instead of wasting time. Never 7. ______ to stick to your dreams, and you will gain growth eventually. 2. 综合填空（用括号内词的适当形式或根据语境填空） At the start of the year, lots of people often make their own New Year's 1. ______ (resolution). What about you? Do you know what kind of resolutions you should make? First, your New Year's resolutions should be good for you. They can be about your schoolwork. For example, you can promise 2. ______ (you) that you are going to finish your homework on time. They can also be about your 3. ______ (physics) health. But whatever resolutions you make, you should make sure that they can help improve your life or have something to do with self-improvement. Second, your New Year's resolutions should not be very difficult 4. ______ (keep). Before 5. ______ (make) them, you should think carefully if you are able to keep your resolutions. Don't make resolutions that are 6. ______ (possible) to keep. You should keep your resolutions 7. ______ (small) and simple and then you can keep them 8. ______ (simple). After you make some good and realistic (现实的) resolutions, don't 9. ______ to make a plan. 10. ______ (write) down what you need to do every day is very necessary, and then do it. 3. 阅读理解（新素材：周末计划与成长） Last weekend, my teacher asked us to make a weekend plan that could help us grow. At first I thought it was just another boring task, so I wrote a few lines carelessly: get up early, finish homework, watch TV. Then my deskmate Lisa showed me hers. She planned to clean up the small park near our school and to teach her grandma to use a smartphone. "It's not only helpful but also rewarding," she said. I didn't know the word, but from her words "you get something good back after giving", I guessed its meaning. I decided to try something new. On Saturday morning I joined Lisa's group. We picked up rubbish and watered the young trees. Though I was tired, I felt proud when a little boy said thank you to us. In the afternoon, I taught my grandma to send voice messages. She was so happy that she called three relatives at once. On Sunday I finished my homework first and then read a science magazine about space. Now I understand: a meaningful weekend is not about how much you do, but about whether you grow a little and give a little. 1. What does the underlined word "rewarding" most probably mean? A. Tiring.　B. Worth doing.　C. Boring.　D. Difficult. 2. What did the writer do on Saturday afternoon? A. Cleaned the park.　B. Taught his grandma to use a phone.　C. Read a science magazine.　D. Finished his homework. 3. The writer wrote the passage mainly to ______. A. show how to make a weekend plan that helps us grow　B. tell us to finish homework before playing　C. introduce a science magazine about space　D. ask students to clean up the park near school 4. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. The writer wasted his weekend again.　B. A meaningful weekend must be full of activities.　C. Growth and giving matter more than the number of activities.　D. The writer will never watch TV on weekends again. 【带走：考前自检三问】 本讲考点多，考前别急着刷题，先过这三道判断——每一道都是考场上的"抓手"。 一问｜这个空填名词还是形容词？先扫后缀：-ful 表肯定、-less 表否定、-ly 是副词、-ion / -ness 是名词。meaning、meaningless、meaningful、meaningfully 词性一目了然，词性定了，搭配才不偏。 二问｜这句将来时会不会栽进 there will have？there be 表"存在"，将来只写 there will be / there is going to be；"拥有"才用 have，主语必须是人。位移动词（come / go / leave / arrive）可用进行时表将来，但绝不写 will coming。 三问｜这个生词是褒是贬、近义还是反义？先找信号词：is / 破折号＝定义，for example / such as＝举例，but / however / though＝取反，because / so＝因果。信号定方法，方法定答案，别凭语感乱猜。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $