Unit 4 Natural Disasters 新闻报道摘要（含学习地图）（单元同步写作讲义）高中英语人教版必修第一册

本高中英语讲义聚焦“自然灾害”主题新闻报道摘要写作，构建从明确写作对象与任务、掌握“标题-导语-主体-结语”结构，到积累主题词汇（如disaster, rescue）与实用句型（限制性定语从句），再通过模板快速成篇、典例精练落实方法、拓展练习迁移能力、评价表自查改进的完整学习支架。 该资料以核心素养为导向，通过“教材同步+结构闭环”设计提升语言能力，如提供可直接迁移的词汇表与句型库；设置应急疏散演练、志愿者事迹等五类分层练习，训练学生客观报道逻辑，培养思维品质；评价表助力学生对照标准自查修改，发展学习能力。课中辅助教师系统教学，课后学生可通过范文与练习查漏补缺，强化写作技能。

Unit 4 Natural Disasters｜新闻报道摘要写作学习地图 主题 体裁 建议词数 核心任务 自然灾害·救援互助·防灾安全 新闻报道摘要 80词左右 面向校英文报读者，客观报道灾害事件与应对情况。 一、本讲义内容导航 模块 学什么 帮你解决什么问题 01 写作主题 明确对象、任务、重点与语气 知道写什么、写给谁 02 写作框架 标题、导语、主体、结语 掌握完整新闻报道结构 03 写作词汇 主题词汇与实用表达 积累可直接使用的表达 04 写作句型 交代时间地点人物、引述的常用句式 把事件要素写全、写客观 05 写作模板 标准版与提升版结构 快速组织完整新闻报道 06 典例精练 结合真实情境练习方法 把方法落实到任务中 07 写作指导 审题、谋篇与表达方法 解决写什么、怎么写 08 参考范文 学习结构、语言与表达逻辑 借鉴完整成篇表达 09 拓展练习 不同情境下的迁移写作 形成独立写作能力 10 写作评价表 对照标准自查、修改、提升 发现问题并完成改进 二、本单元5个拓展练习练什么？ 练习主题 写作任务 重点训练 练习1｜应急疏散演练 人与自然·安全常识 演练过程与防灾意识 练习2｜志愿者救灾事迹 人与社会·善行义举 个人善行与正能量传递 练习3｜防灾自救讲座 人与自然·自我保护 讲座内容与自救知识 练习4｜校园爱心募捐 人与社会·公益活动 募捐情况与公益倡导 练习5｜暴雨极端天气 人与自然·气候变化 灾害影响与防范提示 三、系列训练亮点与学习路径 教材同步 结构完整 表达可用 练习分层 评价促改 紧扣单元主题与体裁 从审题到修改形成闭环 词汇句型模板可迁移 五类情境训练不重复 对照标准自查修改 学习路径 定任务 → 明信息 → 学描写 → 写成篇 → 完成练习 → 修改提升 Unit 4 Natural Disasters（单元同步写作讲义） 一、写作主题 单元主题：自然灾害·人与环境·突发事件 应用文体裁：新闻报道摘要 写作任务：就一次自然灾害事件写一篇新闻报道摘要 本讲义重点训练： 1. 掌握新闻报道摘要的倒金字塔结构与客观语气 2. 学会用本单元核心词汇描述灾害与救援 3. 运用限制性定语从句补充信息 4. 提升时间顺序与因果关系的清晰表达 二、写作框架 部分 内容要点 开头（1—2句） 概述事件基本信息：灾害发生的时间、地点、灾害类型及初步影响 主体（3—4句） 展开报道：损失情况（房屋倒塌、水电中断、人员被困）＋救援行动（救援队、政府、志愿者的措施） 结尾（1—2句） 交代结果（伤亡与获救情况），表达恢复信心或防灾启示 三、写作词汇 核心单词 英文表达 中文释义 写作用途 disaster n. 灾难，灾害 点明事件性质，用于标题与开头：a natural disaster；如 The disaster affected thousands of people. strike v. 袭击 报道灾害发生的时间地点：A flood struck the town at midnight. 注意过去式为 struck flood n. 洪水；v. 淹没 描写洪灾场景：flood water，The flood swept away houses. rescue v./n. 营救 报道救援行动的主体与过程：rescue workers, rescue team, come to one's rescue damage v./n. 损坏 量化灾害损失：cause serious damage to crops / damage many buildings destroy v. 毁坏 描写彻底破坏（程度比 damage 重）：destroy hundreds of houses affect v. 影响 说明灾害影响范围：The flood affected nearly 2,000 families. shelter n. 避难所；v. 遮蔽 报道灾民安置：take shelter in..., provide shelters for the homeless effort n. 努力 强调救援努力：rescue efforts, make great efforts to do sth. survive v. 幸存 报道生还情况：survive the disaster；名词 survivor 幸存者 death n. 死亡 报告伤亡数字：the number of deaths, Many people lost their lives. emergency n./adj. 紧急情况；应急的 描写应急响应：emergency supplies, in an emergency calm adj./v. 镇静的；使平静 描写灾害中人的状态：remain calm, calm sb. down aid n./v. 援助 报道救助援助：first aid, medical aid, provide aid for... evacuate v. 疏散 报道人员转移：evacuate residents to safe places 主题短语 英文表达 中文释义 写作用途 natural disaster 自然灾害 点明事件类别，用于标题与开头 rescue workers 救援人员 指称参与救援的人员，报道救援主体 in ruins 沦为废墟 描写灾后景象：The town lay in ruins. sweep away 冲走，卷走 描写洪水威力：The flood swept away houses. suffer from 遭受 描写受害情况：suffer from the flood cut off 切断 描写水电、道路中断：The power was cut off. emergency supplies 应急物资 报道物资援助的内容 first aid 急救 报道现场救治：provide first aid to the injured in time 及时 强调救援及时：The rescuers arrived in time. lose one's life 丧生 报告死亡情况：Many people lost their lives in the flood. on hand 在场；现有 描写人员物资就位：Rescue teams were on hand. in the open air 露天 描写灾后露宿：sleep in the open air 核心词汇写作运用 词汇填空（用所给词的正确形式填空） 1. The flood ______ (strike) the small town at midnight, when most people were sleeping. 2. More than 300 houses were ______ (destroy) in the earthquake, leaving many families homeless. 3. The government sent ______ (emergency) supplies to the disaster area without delay. 4. All the villagers were ______ (evacuate) to a safe place before the flood arrived. 5. With the doctors' great ______ (effort), the injured people were saved in time. 6. The big flood ______ (affect) nearly 2,000 families, and many of them lost their homes. 句子翻译（将下列句子翻译成英文） 1. 救援人员及时赶到，把被困在废墟下的人们救了出来。（rescue workers, in time, trap） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 洪水卷走了数百座房屋，使成千上万的人无家可归。（sweep away, thousands of, homeless） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 在大家的共同努力下，灾区人民很快重建了家园。（with the joint efforts, rebuild） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 失去家园的人们被安置到了安全的避难所。（who, shelter） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 在灾难面前保持冷静的人们更有可能幸存下来。（who, calm, survive） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 四、写作句型 开头句 1. A strong earthquake struck the town at three o'clock last Wednesday afternoon. 上周三下午3点，一场强烈地震袭击了该镇。（时间地点＋事件，一般过去时客观陈述） 2. The flood that hit the village last week destroyed hundreds of houses. 上周袭击村庄的那场洪水毁坏了数百座房屋。（限制性定语从句 that hit the village 修饰 the flood，信息紧凑） 3. On the morning of May 12, a big fire broke out in a local factory. 5月12日上午，当地一家工厂发生大火。（时间状语前置，突出事件时间） 中间句 1. The rescue workers who arrived in time saved many lives. 及时赶到的救援人员挽救了许多生命。（限制性定语从句 who arrived in time 修饰 the rescue workers） 2. People who lost their homes were taken to safe shelters. 失去家园的人们被安置到安全的避难所。（定语从句作主语修饰成分＋被动语态） 3. The government sent food, water and medical supplies to the areas that were affected most seriously. 政府向受灾最严重的地区运送了食物、水和医疗物资。（限制性定语从句 that 引导，从句谓语为被动语态） 4. The flood destroyed many buildings and left thousands of people homeless. 洪水摧毁了许多建筑，使数千人无家可归。（并列谓语＋结果结构，客观列举损失） 结尾句 1. Thanks to everyone's efforts, most people survived the disaster. 在大家的共同努力下，大多数人幸免于难。（结果交代＋原因短语） 2. The disaster taught us that we should stay calm and help each other in times of danger. 这场灾难教会我们：危险时刻要保持冷静、互相帮助。（报道后的启示，提升立意） 3. With the help of the whole society, the town is slowly recovering. 在全社会的帮助下，这座城镇正慢慢恢复。（现状展望，传递信心） 五、写作模板 模板1：简洁标准版 _______（报道标题，如 A Strong Flood Hit Green Town） 上周星期_______（时间），一场_______（灾害类型）袭击了_______（地点），_______（影响概述）。救援人员_______（who 引导的定语从句描写救援对象），_______（救援行动）。政府/志愿者_______（援助措施）。_______（结果或评价）。 模板2：分层高分版 _______（报道标题，如 Strong Earthquake Hits Small Town） 星期_______（时间）_______（具体时刻），_______（灾害类型）袭击了_______（地点），_______（影响概述，可用分词短语作结果状语）。_______（损失细节1），_______（损失细节2，可用 that/which 引导的定语从句扩展）。_______（救援主体）及时_______（救援行动）。政府/志愿者_______（援助措施，用 with the help of 等介词短语）。_______（结果：伤亡与获救情况）。_______（结尾：恢复信心或防灾启示）。 六、典例精练 假定你是校英文报的小记者。上周三，你所在的小城发生了一次地震。请根据下列提示，用英语写一篇新闻报道摘要，报道这次灾害及救援情况。内容包括： 1. 地震发生的时间、地点； 2. 灾害造成的损失（房屋、水电等）； 3. 救援行动及结果。 注意： 1. 词数 80 词左右； 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 Strong Earthquake Hits Small Town ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 七、拓展练习 练习1：报道学校应急疏散演练（人与自然-安全常识） 假定你是校英文报的小记者。上周一上午，你校举行了一次地震应急疏散演练。请根据下列提示，用英语写一篇新闻报道摘要，报道这次演练的过程与效果。内容包括： 1. 演练的时间、地点和目的； 2. 演练的过程（警报响起、有序撤离、操场集合）； 3. 演练的效果与意义。 写作要点： 1. 点明演练时间与防灾目的。 2. 按顺序报道警报响起、教师指挥、学生撤离到操场集合的过程。 3. 报道演练用时与效果，强调防灾意识的重要性。 注意： 1. 词数80左右。 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 Emergency Drill Held in Our School ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 练习2：报道志愿者救灾事迹（人与社会-善行义举（个人）） 假定你是校英文报的小记者。洪水过后，大学生志愿者李明主动到灾区安置点照顾受灾儿童。请根据下列提示，用英语写一篇新闻报道摘要，报道他的感人事迹。内容包括： 1. 志愿者的基本情况（时间、地点、身份）； 2. 他为受灾群众做的具体事情； 3. 灾民的评价与你的感受。 写作要点： 1. 点明志愿者身份与服务时间地点。 2. 介绍照顾儿童、分发物资、辅导功课等具体事迹。 3. 引用灾民评价并表达敬意，传递正能量。 注意： 1. 词数80左右。 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 A Volunteer Warms the Shelter ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 练习3：报道防灾自救知识讲座（人与自然-自我保护） 假定你是校英文报的小记者。上周五下午，市红十字会救援队来你校开展了防灾自救知识讲座。请根据下列提示，用英语写一篇新闻报道摘要，报道这次讲座。内容包括： 1. 讲座的时间、地点和主讲人； 2. 讲座的主要内容（逃生技巧、急救方法）； 3. 学生的收获与反响。 写作要点： 1. 点明讲座时间地点与主讲人身份。 2. 概括讲座要点：地震逃生技巧、溺水施救、绷带包扎等急救演示。 3. 报道学生反响，强调自救知识的重要性。 注意： 1. 词数80左右。 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 Safety Knowledge Comes to Our School ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 练习4：报道校园爱心募捐活动（人与社会-公益活动（组织机构）） 假定你是校英文报的小记者。上周你校学生会组织了爱心募捐活动，支援地震灾区。请根据下列提示，用英语写一篇新闻报道摘要，报道这次活动。内容包括： 1. 活动的时间、组织者和目的； 2. 募捐的情况（形式、数量）； 3. 活动的意义与你的感受。 写作要点： 1. 点明活动由学生会组织及支援灾区的目的。 2. 报道捐款捐物情况：师生踊跃参与，共筹得善款八千余元及大批物资。 3. 阐述活动意义并表达感受，倡导公益参与。 注意： 1. 词数80左右。 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 Love Donations Reach the Disaster Area ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 练习5：报道一次暴雨极端天气事件（人与自然-气候变化及影响） 假定你是校英文报的小记者。上周四，你市遭遇特大暴雨，全城积极应对。请根据下列提示，用英语写一篇新闻报道摘要，报道这次极端天气的影响与应对。内容包括： 1. 天气事件的基本情况（时间、强度）； 2. 造成的影响与应对措施； 3. 目前的情况与防范提示。 写作要点： 1. 点明暴雨发生的时间与强度（百年一遇、24小时降雨量）。 2. 概括影响（道路积水、航班延误）与应对（救援转移、开放安置点）。 3. 报道目前情况并传递防范提示。 注意： 1. 词数80左右。 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 Heavy Rainstorm Hits Our City ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 八、写作评价表 评价维度 分值 自评 同伴评 评价说明 结构 Structure 3分 ____ / 3 ____ / 3 新闻报道结构完整：标题简洁点明"灾害类型＋地点"且居中；开头含时间、地点、灾害类型；主体按"损失—救援—结果"展开；结尾总结结果并传递积极信息；无称呼、落款 内容 Content 6分 ____ / 6 ____ / 6 要点齐全：灾害发生的时间、地点、过程、损失、救援行动、结果全部交代清楚；信息客观真实，细节具体（数字、人群、措施）；事件完整，报道有头有尾 语言 Language 4分 ____ / 4 ____ / 4 以一般过去时为主且时态一致；正确使用本单元词汇（disaster, rescue, damage, survive, shelter 等）与限制性定语从句；句式有变化，主谓一致，搭配与拼写准确 书写 Handwriting 2分 ____ / 2 ____ / 2 卷面整洁，字迹清晰易读；单词拼写、大小写、标点正确；标题居中，段落首行缩进规范 总分 Total 15分 ____ / 15 ____ / 15 满分 15 分：13-15 优秀；10-12 达标；7-9 需修改；6 分及以下建议重写 自我反思与改进 我最需要改进的一项：□ 结构 □ 内容 □ 语言 □ 书写　 具体改进计划：________________________ 评分参考 满分 15分；13-15 优秀；10-12 达标；7-9 需修改；6分及以下建议重写。 3 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 3 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Natural Disasters｜新闻报道摘要写作学习地图 主题 体裁 建议词数 核心任务 自然灾害·救援互助·防灾安全 新闻报道摘要 80词左右 面向校英文报读者，客观报道灾害事件与应对情况。 一、本讲义内容导航 模块 学什么 帮你解决什么问题 01 写作主题 明确对象、任务、重点与语气 知道写什么、写给谁 02 写作框架 标题、导语、主体、结语 掌握完整新闻报道结构 03 写作词汇 主题词汇与实用表达 积累可直接使用的表达 04 写作句型 交代时间地点人物、引述的常用句式 把事件要素写全、写客观 05 写作模板 标准版与提升版结构 快速组织完整新闻报道 06 典例精练 结合真实情境练习方法 把方法落实到任务中 07 写作指导 审题、谋篇与表达方法 解决写什么、怎么写 08 参考范文 学习结构、语言与表达逻辑 借鉴完整成篇表达 09 拓展练习 不同情境下的迁移写作 形成独立写作能力 10 写作评价表 对照标准自查、修改、提升 发现问题并完成改进 二、本单元5个拓展练习练什么？ 练习主题 写作任务 重点训练 练习1｜应急疏散演练 人与自然·安全常识 演练过程与防灾意识 练习2｜志愿者救灾事迹 人与社会·善行义举 个人善行与正能量传递 练习3｜防灾自救讲座 人与自然·自我保护 讲座内容与自救知识 练习4｜校园爱心募捐 人与社会·公益活动 募捐情况与公益倡导 练习5｜暴雨极端天气 人与自然·气候变化 灾害影响与防范提示 三、系列训练亮点与学习路径 教材同步 结构完整 表达可用 练习分层 评价促改 紧扣单元主题与体裁 从审题到修改形成闭环 词汇句型模板可迁移 五类情境训练不重复 对照标准自查修改 学习路径 定任务 → 明信息 → 学描写 → 写成篇 → 完成练习 → 修改提升 Unit 4 Natural Disasters（单元同步写作讲义） 一、写作主题 单元主题：自然灾害·人与环境·突发事件 应用文体裁：新闻报道摘要 写作任务：就一次自然灾害事件写一篇新闻报道摘要 本讲义重点训练： 1. 掌握新闻报道摘要的倒金字塔结构与客观语气 2. 学会用本单元核心词汇描述灾害与救援 3. 运用限制性定语从句补充信息 4. 提升时间顺序与因果关系的清晰表达 二、写作框架 部分 内容要点 开头（1—2句） 概述事件基本信息：灾害发生的时间、地点、灾害类型及初步影响 主体（3—4句） 展开报道：损失情况（房屋倒塌、水电中断、人员被困）＋救援行动（救援队、政府、志愿者的措施） 结尾（1—2句） 交代结果（伤亡与获救情况），表达恢复信心或防灾启示 三、写作词汇 核心单词 英文表达 中文释义 写作用途 disaster n. 灾难，灾害 点明事件性质，用于标题与开头：a natural disaster；如 The disaster affected thousands of people. strike v. 袭击 报道灾害发生的时间地点：A flood struck the town at midnight. 注意过去式为 struck flood n. 洪水；v. 淹没 描写洪灾场景：flood water，The flood swept away houses. rescue v./n. 营救 报道救援行动的主体与过程：rescue workers, rescue team, come to one's rescue damage v./n. 损坏 量化灾害损失：cause serious damage to crops / damage many buildings destroy v. 毁坏 描写彻底破坏（程度比 damage 重）：destroy hundreds of houses affect v. 影响 说明灾害影响范围：The flood affected nearly 2,000 families. shelter n. 避难所；v. 遮蔽 报道灾民安置：take shelter in..., provide shelters for the homeless effort n. 努力 强调救援努力：rescue efforts, make great efforts to do sth. survive v. 幸存 报道生还情况：survive the disaster；名词 survivor 幸存者 death n. 死亡 报告伤亡数字：the number of deaths, Many people lost their lives. emergency n./adj. 紧急情况；应急的 描写应急响应：emergency supplies, in an emergency calm adj./v. 镇静的；使平静 描写灾害中人的状态：remain calm, calm sb. down aid n./v. 援助 报道救助援助：first aid, medical aid, provide aid for... evacuate v. 疏散 报道人员转移：evacuate residents to safe places 主题短语 英文表达 中文释义 写作用途 natural disaster 自然灾害 点明事件类别，用于标题与开头 rescue workers 救援人员 指称参与救援的人员，报道救援主体 in ruins 沦为废墟 描写灾后景象：The town lay in ruins. sweep away 冲走，卷走 描写洪水威力：The flood swept away houses. suffer from 遭受 描写受害情况：suffer from the flood cut off 切断 描写水电、道路中断：The power was cut off. emergency supplies 应急物资 报道物资援助的内容 first aid 急救 报道现场救治：provide first aid to the injured in time 及时 强调救援及时：The rescuers arrived in time. lose one's life 丧生 报告死亡情况：Many people lost their lives in the flood. on hand 在场；现有 描写人员物资就位：Rescue teams were on hand. in the open air 露天 描写灾后露宿：sleep in the open air 核心词汇写作运用 词汇填空（用所给词的正确形式填空） 1. The flood ______ (strike) the small town at midnight, when most people were sleeping. 2. More than 300 houses were ______ (destroy) in the earthquake, leaving many families homeless. 3. The government sent ______ (emergency) supplies to the disaster area without delay. 4. All the villagers were ______ (evacuate) to a safe place before the flood arrived. 5. With the doctors' great ______ (effort), the injured people were saved in time. 6. The big flood ______ (affect) nearly 2,000 families, and many of them lost their homes. 参考答案： 1.【答案】struck 【解析】考查时态。句中的时间状语 at midnight 及 when 从句的过去进行时 were sleeping 表明动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时；strike 是不规则动词，过去式为 struck。 2.【答案】destroyed 【解析】考查被动语态。houses 与 destroy 之间为动宾关系，且全文以一般过去时叙述，故用 were destroyed；现在分词短语 leaving many families homeless 作结果状语。 3.【答案】emergency 【解析】考查名词作定语。emergency 为名词，此处直接作定语修饰 supplies，构成"应急物资"；名词作定语须用单数形式，不可写 emergencies supplies。 4.【答案】evacuated 【解析】考查被动语态。villagers 是 evacuate 的承受者，用 be＋过去分词；before 从句用 arrived 表示过去，主句用一般过去时被动 were evacuated，体现"先疏散、后洪水到来"的时间先后。 5.【答案】efforts 【解析】考查名词数与搭配。effort 作"努力"讲表示多次尝试时常用复数 efforts；with sb.'s efforts 意为"在某人的努力下"，是常见搭配，同时注意主谓一致（efforts 作介词宾语不影响谓语）。 6.【答案】affected 【解析】考查时态与及物动词用法。and 后并列谓语 lost 为过去式，故前句也用一般过去时 affected；affect 是及物动词，直接接宾语 families，注意与名词 effect（影响）区分拼写。 句子翻译（将下列句子翻译成英文） 1. 救援人员及时赶到，把被困在废墟下的人们救了出来。（rescue workers, in time, trap） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 洪水卷走了数百座房屋，使成千上万的人无家可归。（sweep away, thousands of, homeless） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 在大家的共同努力下，灾区人民很快重建了家园。（with the joint efforts, rebuild） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 失去家园的人们被安置到了安全的避难所。（who, shelter） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 在灾难面前保持冷静的人们更有可能幸存下来。（who, calm, survive） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案： 1.【答案】The rescue workers arrived in time and rescued the people trapped under the ruins. 【解析】arrive in time 意为"及时赶到"；过去分词短语 trapped under the ruins 作后置定语修饰 people，相当于 who were trapped under the ruins；and 连接两个并列谓语，时态一致用一般过去时。 2.【答案】The flood swept away hundreds of houses, leaving thousands of people homeless. 【解析】sweep 的过去式为 swept；现在分词短语 leaving thousands of people homeless 作结果状语，leave sb.＋形容词表示"使某人处于某种状态"。 3.【答案】With their joint efforts, the people in the disaster area rebuilt their homes soon. 【解析】with 复合短语作状语表示"在……下"；rebuild 为不规则动词，过去式为 rebuilt；介词短语 in the disaster area 作定语修饰 the people。 4.【答案】People who lost their homes were taken to safe shelters. 【解析】考查限制性定语从句：who lost their homes 修饰先行词 people，在从句中作主语；主句用一般过去时被动语态 were taken，表明"被安置"；shelter 意为"避难所"，为可数名词，此处用复数 shelters。 5.【答案】People who remain calm in the face of a disaster are more likely to survive. 【解析】考查限制性定语从句：who remain calm in the face of a disaster 修饰先行词 people，从句中 remain 为系动词，后接形容词 calm 作表语；in the face of 意为"面对"；be likely to do sth. 意为"有可能做某事"；survive 意为"幸存"，此处作不及物动词。 四、写作句型 开头句 1. A strong earthquake struck the town at three o'clock last Wednesday afternoon. 上周三下午3点，一场强烈地震袭击了该镇。（时间地点＋事件，一般过去时客观陈述） 2. The flood that hit the village last week destroyed hundreds of houses. 上周袭击村庄的那场洪水毁坏了数百座房屋。（限制性定语从句 that hit the village 修饰 the flood，信息紧凑） 3. On the morning of May 12, a big fire broke out in a local factory. 5月12日上午，当地一家工厂发生大火。（时间状语前置，突出事件时间） 中间句 1. The rescue workers who arrived in time saved many lives. 及时赶到的救援人员挽救了许多生命。（限制性定语从句 who arrived in time 修饰 the rescue workers） 2. People who lost their homes were taken to safe shelters. 失去家园的人们被安置到安全的避难所。（定语从句作主语修饰成分＋被动语态） 3. The government sent food, water and medical supplies to the areas that were affected most seriously. 政府向受灾最严重的地区运送了食物、水和医疗物资。（限制性定语从句 that 引导，从句谓语为被动语态） 4. The flood destroyed many buildings and left thousands of people homeless. 洪水摧毁了许多建筑，使数千人无家可归。（并列谓语＋结果结构，客观列举损失） 结尾句 1. Thanks to everyone's efforts, most people survived the disaster. 在大家的共同努力下，大多数人幸免于难。（结果交代＋原因短语） 2. The disaster taught us that we should stay calm and help each other in times of danger. 这场灾难教会我们：危险时刻要保持冷静、互相帮助。（报道后的启示，提升立意） 3. With the help of the whole society, the town is slowly recovering. 在全社会的帮助下，这座城镇正慢慢恢复。（现状展望，传递信心） 五、写作模板 模板1：简洁标准版 _______（报道标题，如 A Strong Flood Hit Green Town） 上周星期_______（时间），一场_______（灾害类型）袭击了_______（地点），_______（影响概述）。救援人员_______（who 引导的定语从句描写救援对象），_______（救援行动）。政府/志愿者_______（援助措施）。_______（结果或评价）。 模板2：分层高分版 _______（报道标题，如 Strong Earthquake Hits Small Town） 星期_______（时间）_______（具体时刻），_______（灾害类型）袭击了_______（地点），_______（影响概述，可用分词短语作结果状语）。_______（损失细节1），_______（损失细节2，可用 that/which 引导的定语从句扩展）。_______（救援主体）及时_______（救援行动）。政府/志愿者_______（援助措施，用 with the help of 等介词短语）。_______（结果：伤亡与获救情况）。_______（结尾：恢复信心或防灾启示）。 六、典例精练 假定你是校英文报的小记者。上周三，你所在的小城发生了一次地震。请根据下列提示，用英语写一篇新闻报道摘要，报道这次灾害及救援情况。内容包括： 1. 地震发生的时间、地点； 2. 灾害造成的损失（房屋、水电等）； 3. 救援行动及结果。 注意： 1. 词数 80 词左右； 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 Strong Earthquake Hits Small Town ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 写作指导 第一步 审题谋篇 项目 内容 体裁 新闻报道摘要（就一次自然灾害事件进行报道） 对象 校英文报的读者（全校师生） 写作目的 客观报道地震灾害及救援情况，传递灾情信息与积极信心 主题 自然灾害中的救援与互助 时态 以一般过去时为主（报道已发生的事件），结尾陈述现状可用一般现在时 人称 第三人称（the earthquake, the rescue workers, the government） 语气 客观、正式、真实，不发表过多个人的情感议论 布局 标题（居中）→开头（时间＋地点＋事件）→主体（损失＋救援）→结尾（结果＋希望） 第二步 要点拆解与表达 中文要点 英文表达 句式说明 地震发生的时间、地点 A strong earthquake struck the town at 3:00 p.m. last Wednesday. strike 作谓语点明事件，时间状语置于句末，符合"时间＋地点＋事件"的报道开头 灾害造成的损失 The earthquake destroyed many houses and cut off electricity and water. 两个并列谓语动词列举损失，destroy 与 cut off 均为本单元核心表达 救援行动 Rescue workers arrived quickly and saved the people who were trapped under the ruins. and 连接并列谓语；who 引导的限制性定语从句修饰 the people，交代被困者 救援结果 Thanks to everyone's efforts, most people survived the disaster. thanks to 介词短语表原因放句首；survive 为及物动词，直接接宾语 第三步 句式升级 原句 升级句 仿写句 说明 Rescue workers arrived soon. They saved many people. The rescue workers who arrived soon saved many people. The doctors who arrived in time saved many patients. 两句合并，用限制性定语从句 who 作主语，信息更紧凑 The earthquake destroyed many houses. It also cut off power. The earthquake destroyed many houses and cut off power. The flood swept away houses and washed away crops. 用并列谓语合并两个句子，避免重复主语 it The government sent supplies to the area. The area was affected seriously. The government sent supplies to the areas that were most seriously affected. They helped the people that were trapped in the flood. that 引导定语从句修饰 areas，从句谓语用被动语态 The town was in ruins. Many people lost their homes. The town was in ruins, and thousands of people were left homeless. The village was flooded, and many families were left in danger. and 连接并列句补充结果，be left homeless 结构简洁有力 第四步 同义替换 基础表达 升级表达 使用场景 hit strike 描写灾害袭击：A flood struck the village. happened occurred 描写事件发生：The accident occurred on Monday. fell down were destroyed / lay in ruins 描写房屋倒塌、沦为废墟 saved people rescued people / came to one's rescue 描写救援行动 hard work efforts 强调救援努力：rescue efforts very bad serious / severe 描写灾害程度：serious damage the people in trouble the victims / the survivors 指称受灾者、幸存者 gave help provided aid 描写提供援助：provide medical aid arrived quickly arrived in no time 描写救援迅速，比 quickly 更书面、更有画面感 destroyed many houses left the town in ruins / leaving the town in ruins 描写房屋倒塌、沦为废墟，感染力更强 sent delivered 正式报道用语，强调物资送达 the affected areas the hardest-hit areas 精确指“受灾最严重的地区” returning to normal recovering from the disaster 描写灾后恢复的过程，更贴合报道结尾 参考范文 基础版范文 Strong Earthquake Hits Small Town A strong earthquake struck Green Town last Wednesday. It destroyed many houses and cut off electricity and water. Many people were trapped under the ruins. Rescue workers arrived quickly and saved the people who were trapped. The government sent food, water and tents to the affected areas, and doctors provided first aid to the injured. Thanks to everyone's efforts, most people survived the disaster, and the town is slowly returning to normal. 提高版范文 Strong Earthquake Hits Small Town A strong earthquake struck Green Town last Wednesday, leaving the town in ruins. It destroyed many houses and cut off electricity and water. Rescue workers arrived in no time and saved the people who were trapped under the ruins. The government delivered food, water and tents to the hardest-hit areas, and doctors provided first aid to the injured. Thanks to everyone's efforts, most people survived the disaster. Though it will take time, the town is slowly recovering from the disaster and returning to normal life. 七、拓展练习 练习1：报道学校应急疏散演练（人与自然-安全常识） 假定你是校英文报的小记者。上周一上午，你校举行了一次地震应急疏散演练。请根据下列提示，用英语写一篇新闻报道摘要，报道这次演练的过程与效果。内容包括： 1. 演练的时间、地点和目的； 2. 演练的过程（警报响起、有序撤离、操场集合）； 3. 演练的效果与意义。 写作要点： 1. 点明演练时间与防灾目的。 2. 按顺序报道警报响起、教师指挥、学生撤离到操场集合的过程。 3. 报道演练用时与效果，强调防灾意识的重要性。 注意： 1. 词数80左右。 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 Emergency Drill Held in Our School ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 写作思路 1. 审题：本文属于新闻报道摘要，报道学校应急疏散演练；叙述已发生事件用一般过去时。 2. 要点：第一点写时间与目的；第二点写演练过程；第三点写效果与意义。 3. 结构：标题点明事件→开头交代时间地点目的→主体按顺序写过程→结尾写效果与意义。 4. 表达：用 evacuate、in an orderly way、in time 等表达；用 when 时间状语从句交代警报响起后的反应。 基础版范文 Emergency Drill Held in Our School Last Monday morning, our school held an emergency drill to teach us how to stay safe in an earthquake. When the alarm sounded, we left the classrooms quickly under the teachers' direction and walked to the playground in order. The whole drill lasted only three minutes. All the students arrived at the safe area and no one was left behind. The drill was a great success. Now we know how to protect ourselves when a disaster really comes. 词汇升级 基础表达 升级表达 升级作用 held an emergency drill carried out an emergency drill 用 carry out 表达"开展演练"，更正式 left the classrooms quickly evacuated the classrooms promptly 使用本单元 evacuate，更符合报道语体 walked to the playground in order moved to the playground in an orderly way 用 in an orderly way 概括"有序撤离"，更专业 lasted only three minutes was completed within three minutes 用 within 突出用时之短，表达更精确 know how to protect ourselves be well prepared for possible disasters 从"会保护自己"升级为"做好防备"，立意更高 提高版范文 Emergency Drill Held in Our School Last Monday morning, our school carried out an emergency drill to teach us how to stay safe in an earthquake. When the alarm sounded, we evacuated the classrooms promptly under the teachers' direction and moved to the playground in an orderly way. The whole drill was completed within three minutes. All the students arrived at the safe area and no one was left behind. The drill was a great success. Now we are sure that we can be well prepared for possible disasters. 练习2：报道志愿者救灾事迹（人与社会-善行义举（个人）） 假定你是校英文报的小记者。洪水过后，大学生志愿者李明主动到灾区安置点照顾受灾儿童。请根据下列提示，用英语写一篇新闻报道摘要，报道他的感人事迹。内容包括： 1. 志愿者的基本情况（时间、地点、身份）； 2. 他为受灾群众做的具体事情； 3. 灾民的评价与你的感受。 写作要点： 1. 点明志愿者身份与服务时间地点。 2. 介绍照顾儿童、分发物资、辅导功课等具体事迹。 3. 引用灾民评价并表达敬意，传递正能量。 注意： 1. 词数80左右。 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 A Volunteer Warms the Shelter ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 写作思路 1. 审题：本文属于新闻报道摘要，报道个人善行义举；叙述过去的事迹用一般过去时。 2. 要点：第一点写基本情况；第二点写具体事迹；第三点写评价与感受。 3. 结构：标题点明主题→开头交代人物时间地点→主体写具体事迹→结尾写评价与感受。 4. 表达：用 volunteer、shelter、donate、be moved 等表达；用 who 引导定语从句使人物介绍更紧凑。 基础版范文 A Volunteer Warms the Shelter Li Ming, a college student, came to the shelter in River Town after the flood. He helped the people who had lost their homes. In the morning, he gave out food and water. In the afternoon, he told stories to the children and helped them with their lessons. He also brought his own books and toys for the kids. The people there all say he is a warm-hearted young man. His kindness makes the shelter a warmer place. 词汇升级 基础表达 升级表达 升级作用 came to the shelter volunteered at the shelter 用 volunteer 作动词，突出"主动服务" gave out food and water distributed food and water to the victims 用 distribute 与 the victims，更符合报道语体 helped them with their lessons tutored them in their studies 用 tutor 表达"辅导"，更书面 brought his own books and toys donated his own books and toys 用 donate 突出"捐赠"，正式且感人 a warm-hearted young man a kind-hearted volunteer worth admiring 增加评价性表达，人物形象更丰满 提高版范文 A Volunteer Warms the Shelter Li Ming, a college student, volunteered at the shelter in River Town last month after the big flood. He helped the people who had lost their homes every day. In the morning, he distributed food and water to the victims. In the afternoon, he told stories to the children and tutored them in their studies. He also donated his own books and toys for the kids. The people there all say he is a kind-hearted volunteer worth admiring. His kindness makes the shelter a warmer place. 练习3：报道防灾自救知识讲座（人与自然-自我保护） 假定你是校英文报的小记者。上周五下午，市红十字会救援队来你校开展了防灾自救知识讲座。请根据下列提示，用英语写一篇新闻报道摘要，报道这次讲座。内容包括： 1. 讲座的时间、地点和主讲人； 2. 讲座的主要内容（逃生技巧、急救方法）； 3. 学生的收获与反响。 写作要点： 1. 点明讲座时间地点与主讲人身份。 2. 概括讲座要点：地震逃生技巧、溺水施救、绷带包扎等急救演示。 3. 报道学生反响，强调自救知识的重要性。 注意： 1. 词数80左右。 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 Safety Knowledge Comes to Our School ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 写作思路 1. 审题：本文属于新闻报道摘要，报道知识讲座；叙述已发生事件用一般过去时。 2. 要点：第一点写时间地点主讲人；第二点写讲座内容；第三点写收获反响。 3. 结构：标题点明事件→开头交代基本信息→主体概括讲座要点→结尾写反响与意义。 4. 表达：用 first aid、emergency、remain calm 等表达；用 that/which 引导定语从句概括讲座内容。 基础版范文 Safety Knowledge Comes to Our School Last Friday afternoon, a rescue team from the Red Cross gave a lecture on safety in our school hall. The rescuers taught us how to escape from an earthquake and how to give first aid. They showed us how to stay calm in an emergency and how to use a bandage in the right way. The students listened carefully and took notes. Many students said they learned a lot. Now they know how to protect themselves in a disaster. 词汇升级 基础表达 升级表达 升级作用 gave a lecture delivered a lecture 用 deliver 搭配 lecture，更正式 taught us how to escape instructed us in escape skills 用 instruct 表达"讲授指导"，更书面 how to use a bandage in the right way how to dress a wound properly 用 dress a wound 表达"包扎伤口"，更专业 listened carefully and took notes listened attentively and took detailed notes 用 attentively 与 detailed，描写更精确 learned a lot benefited greatly from the lecture 用 benefit 表达"受益"，收尾更有分量 提高版范文 Safety Knowledge Comes to Our School Last Friday afternoon, a rescue team from the Red Cross delivered a lecture on safety knowledge in our school hall. The rescuers instructed us in escape skills and how to give first aid. They showed us how to stay calm in an emergency and how to dress a wound properly. The students listened attentively and took detailed notes. After the lecture, many students said they benefited greatly from the lecture. Now they know how to protect themselves in a disaster. 练习4：报道校园爱心募捐活动（人与社会-公益活动（组织机构）） 假定你是校英文报的小记者。上周你校学生会组织了爱心募捐活动，支援地震灾区。请根据下列提示，用英语写一篇新闻报道摘要，报道这次活动。内容包括： 1. 活动的时间、组织者和目的； 2. 募捐的情况（形式、数量）； 3. 活动的意义与你的感受。 写作要点： 1. 点明活动由学生会组织及支援灾区的目的。 2. 报道捐款捐物情况：师生踊跃参与，共筹得善款八千余元及大批物资。 3. 阐述活动意义并表达感受，倡导公益参与。 注意： 1. 词数80左右。 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 Love Donations Reach the Disaster Area ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 写作思路 1. 审题：本文属于新闻报道摘要，报道校园公益募捐活动；叙述活动过程用一般过去时。 2. 要点：第一点写时间组织者目的；第二点写募捐情况；第三点写意义与感受。 3. 结构：标题点明事件→开头交代基本信息→主体写募捐盛况→结尾写意义感受。 4. 表达：用 donate、raise money、supplies 等表达；用数字概括募捐成果，体现报道的真实感。 基础版范文 Love Donations Reach the Disaster Area Last week, the Students' Union of our school organized a donation activity for the earthquake area. Teachers and students took an active part in it. By Friday, we had raised more than 8,000 yuan and collected clothes, books and food. All the money and things were sent to the disaster area on Saturday. The activity shows that love can make a difference. Small acts of kindness, when they come together, can bring great hope to people in trouble. 词汇升级 基础表达 升级表达 升级作用 organized a donation activity launched a donation drive 用 launch 与 drive 表达"发起募捐活动"，更地道 took an active part in it took part in it with great enthusiasm 用 enthusiasm 表达"热情"，描写更生动 raised more than 8,000 yuan raised a total of over 8,000 yuan 用 a total of 概括总数，更符合报道语体 were sent to were delivered to 用 deliver 强调物资送达，更正式 love can make a difference every act of kindness counts 表达"善举皆有意义"，立意更深刻 提高版范文 Love Donations Reach the Disaster Area Last week, the Students' Union of our school launched a donation drive to help the people in the earthquake area. Teachers and students took part in it with great enthusiasm. By Friday, we had raised a total of over 8,000 yuan and collected lots of clothes, books and food. All the money and things were delivered to the disaster area on Saturday. The activity shows that every act of kindness counts. Small acts of kindness, when they come together, can bring great hope to people in trouble. 练习5：报道一次暴雨极端天气事件（人与自然-气候变化及影响） 假定你是校英文报的小记者。上周四，你市遭遇特大暴雨，全城积极应对。请根据下列提示，用英语写一篇新闻报道摘要，报道这次极端天气的影响与应对。内容包括： 1. 天气事件的基本情况（时间、强度）； 2. 造成的影响与应对措施； 3. 目前的情况与防范提示。 写作要点： 1. 点明暴雨发生的时间与强度（百年一遇、24小时降雨量）。 2. 概括影响（道路积水、航班延误）与应对（救援转移、开放安置点）。 3. 报道目前情况并传递防范提示。 注意： 1. 词数80左右。 2. 标题已给出，不计入总词数。 Heavy Rainstorm Hits Our City ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 写作思路 1. 审题：本文属于新闻报道摘要，报道极端天气事件；叙述事件用一般过去时，提示部分用一般现在时。 2. 要点：第一点写事件基本情况；第二点写影响与应对；第三点写现状与提示。 3. 结构：标题点明事件→开头交代时间强度→主体写影响与应对→结尾写现状提示。 4. 表达：用 strike、in ruins、cut off、evacuate 等表达；用数字与被动语态增强报道的客观性。 基础版范文 Heavy Rainstorm Hits Our City Last Thursday, a heavy rainstorm hit our city. It was the heaviest rain in years, and it lasted over ten hours. Many streets were flooded and some low-lying areas were cut off. The government sent rescue workers and moved about 2,000 people to safe places. Schools were closed and people were told to stay at home. Now the rain has stopped and the city is returning to normal. Remember to check the weather report and stay away from flooded areas. 词汇升级 基础表达 升级表达 升级作用 a heavy rainstorm hit our city a severe rainstorm struck our city 用 severe 与 strike，更符合新闻标题语体 the strongest rainstorm in years the most severe rainstorm in a decade 用 in a decade 表达"十年来"，更精确 were flooded were under water 用 under water 生动描述"被淹没"，画面感强 sent rescue workers to help dispatched rescue teams to the affected areas 用 dispatch 与 the affected areas，更正式 returning to normal recovering from the disaster 突出"从灾害中恢复"的过程，呼应单元主题 提高版范文 Heavy Rainstorm Hits Our City Last Thursday, a severe rainstorm struck our city. It was the most severe rainstorm in a decade, and the rain lasted for more than ten hours. Many streets were under water and some low-lying areas were cut off. The government dispatched rescue teams to the affected areas and moved about 2,000 people to safe places. Schools were closed and people were told to stay at home. Now the rain has stopped and the city is slowly recovering from the disaster. Remember to check the weather report and stay away from flooded areas in a rainstorm. 八、写作评价表 评价维度 分值 自评 同伴评 评价说明 结构 Structure 3分 ____ / 3 ____ / 3 新闻报道结构完整：标题简洁点明"灾害类型＋地点"且居中；开头含时间、地点、灾害类型；主体按"损失—救援—结果"展开；结尾总结结果并传递积极信息；无称呼、落款 内容 Content 6分 ____ / 6 ____ / 6 要点齐全：灾害发生的时间、地点、过程、损失、救援行动、结果全部交代清楚；信息客观真实，细节具体（数字、人群、措施）；事件完整，报道有头有尾 语言 Language 4分 ____ / 4 ____ / 4 以一般过去时为主且时态一致；正确使用本单元词汇（disaster, rescue, damage, survive, shelter 等）与限制性定语从句；句式有变化，主谓一致，搭配与拼写准确 书写 Handwriting 2分 ____ / 2 ____ / 2 卷面整洁，字迹清晰易读；单词拼写、大小写、标点正确；标题居中，段落首行缩进规范 总分 Total 15分 ____ / 15 ____ / 15 满分 15 分：13-15 优秀；10-12 达标；7-9 需修改；6 分及以下建议重写 自我反思与改进 我最需要改进的一项：□ 结构 □ 内容 □ 语言 □ 书写　 具体改进计划：________________________ 评分参考 满分 15分；13-15 优秀；10-12 达标；7-9 需修改；6分及以下建议重写。 3 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 3 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $