Unit 4 Natural Disasters自然灾害（单元写作精练）英语人教版必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦自然灾害主题写作，构建“现象阐释-问题解决-情感升华”三阶方法体系，融合词汇句型积累、模板套用与分层训练，系统提升英语书面表达能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |写作定位|1类核心题型|“介绍-危害-措施-升华”四步逻辑结构，明确时态与语言要求|从题型本质出发，建立写作框架认知| |核心素材|4类词汇+5类句型|分类整理灾害词汇、高级句型及校园适配表达|词汇→句型→语篇，实现语言要素逐步升级| |写作模板|1通用模板|提供“引入-主体-总结”完整框架，适配多文体|模板化结构降低写作难度，强化逻辑连贯性| |典例解析|1原题+2范文|分层示范基础与高分写法，提炼句式/词汇升级技巧|通过对比分析，揭示高分作文语言与逻辑特征| |分层练习|6基础题+4提升题|汉译英巩固基础，仿写与情境写作强化应用|由基础积累到综合运用，形成能力闭环|

Unit 4 Natural Disasters自然灾害 单元写作精练 【主题】自然灾害相关英语写作，涵盖自然灾害介绍、灾害发生过程、灾害危害、防灾减灾措施、灾后救助与反思、敬畏自然等核心话题，常考书信、倡议书、短文报道、观后感四类文体。 一、写作定位 1. 本单元写作属于现象阐释+问题解决+情感升华类作文，是高中英语高频写作题型。主要考查学生描述自然灾害现象、分析灾害带来的危害、列举防灾自救措施、表达感悟与倡议的书面表达能力。 2. 写作核心要求：时态以一般过去时（灾害纪实）、一般现在时（常识、措施）为主；逻辑清晰，做到“介绍灾害—阐述危害—提出举措—升华主旨”；语言准确，能够熟练运用灾害核心词汇、被动语态、状语从句、非谓语动词等高级句式，贴合高考评分标准。 二、核心素材 【写作词汇短语】 （一）核心词汇 1. 灾害类名词 disaster n. 灾难；灾害；flood n. 洪水；drought n. 干旱；earthquake n. 地震； typhoon n. 台风；hurricane n. 飓风；volcano n. 火山；tsunami n. 海啸； wildfire n. 野火；sandstorm n. 沙尘暴 2. 危害与破坏类动词/形容词 destroy v. 摧毁；ruin v. 毁坏；damage v./n. 损害；strike v. 袭击；occur v. 发生； severe adj. 严重的；destructive adj. 破坏性的；deadly adj. 致命的 3. 救援与救助类词汇 rescue v./n. 营救；save v. 拯救；relief n. 救济；aid n./v. 援助；donate v. 捐赠； volunteer n. 志愿者；survivor n. 幸存者；victim n. 受害者 4. 防灾与预防类词汇 prevent v. 预防；avoid v. 避免；prepare v. 准备；warn v. 警告；protect v. 保护； safety n. 安全；prevention n. 预防；awareness n. 意识 （二）开头段高级句型（引入话题、介绍灾害） 1. Natural disasters, which are common on the earth, often bring great suffering to human beings. 自然灾害是地球上常见的现象，常常给人类带来巨大的苦难。 2. In recent years, more and more severe natural disasters have occurred around the world, causing huge losses of lives and property. 近年来，全球频发严重的自然灾害，造成了巨大的人员伤亡 和财产损失。 3. As we all know, natural disasters are unpredictable and destructive, posing a great threat to our life and safety. 众所周知，自然灾害难以预测且极具破坏性，严重威胁着我们的生命安全。 4. A terrible natural disaster struck our city last week, which left us a deep impression. 上周一场可怕的自然灾害袭击了我们的城市，给我们留下了深刻的印象。 （三）中间主体段句型（描述危害、救援、措施） 1. 描述灾害危害 The disaster was so severe that countless houses were destroyed and many people lost their homes and even lives. 这场灾害极其严重，无数房屋被毁，许多人流离失所，甚至失去生命。 It caused great economic losses and seriously affected people's normal life and production. 它造成了巨大的经济损失，严重影响了人们的正常生活和生产。 2. 描述灾后救援 Immediately after the disaster, the government took immediate action to carry out rescue work. 灾害发生后，政府立即采取行动开展救援工作。 Volunteers from all over the country rushed to the disaster-stricken areas to offer help and supplies. 全国各地的志愿者奔赴灾区，提供帮助和物资。 3. 阐述防灾措施 We should raise public awareness of disaster prevention and learn basic self-rescue skills. 我们要提高公众的防灾意识，学习基本的自救技能。 It is of great importance for us to make full preparations for possible natural disasters. 为可能发生的自然灾害做好充分准备对我们来说至关重要。 （四）校园话题现成例句（适配校园写作、演讲稿、倡议书） 1. As students, we should learn more knowledge about natural disasters to protect ourselves in emergencies. 作为学生，我们应该多学习自然灾害相关知识，在紧急情况下保护自己。 2. Our school often holds disaster prevention drills to help us master self-rescue methods. 我校经常开展防灾演练，帮助我们掌握自救方法。 3. We can take part in volunteer activities to donate money and goods for people in disaster-hit areas. 我们可以参与志愿活动，为灾区人民捐款捐物。 4. It’s our duty to spread disaster prevention knowledge to our family and friends. 向家人和朋友普及防灾知识是我们的责任。 （五）结尾段高级收尾句型+高级满分句 基础收尾句 1. Only by preparing well can we reduce the losses caused by natural disasters. 只有做好充分准备，我们才能减少自然灾害带来的损失。 2. We should cherish life and respect nature all the time. 我们要时刻珍惜生命、敬畏自然。 高级满分句 1. Though natural disasters are unavoidable, we can face them bravely and overcome them with wisdom and unity. 虽然自然灾害无法避免，但我们可以勇敢面对，用智慧和团结战胜灾难。 2. Raising disaster prevention awareness and mastering self-rescue skills is the best way to defend ourselves against natural disasters. 提升防灾意识、掌握自救技能，是我们抵御自然灾害的最佳方式。 3. Nature is powerful, but human beings’ unity and perseverance can always defeat difficulties. 自然力量强大，但人类的团结与坚毅总能战胜困境。 【写作模板】 第一段：引入话题（背景+现象） As is known to all, natural disasters are common in our world. Among them, ______（具体灾害，如earthquakes/floods）are extremely destructive. They often strike suddenly and bring huge harm to human beings. 第二段：主体阐述（危害+应对/措施） To begin with, natural disasters can destroy houses, damage roads and cause heavy economic losses. Worse still, they may take people’s lives and make many people homeless. Facing such disasters, the government always ______（政府举措：takes quick action/ organizes rescue work）. Meanwhile, as students, we should ______（个人举措）. First, we need to learn more disaster prevention knowledge. Second, we should take part in school safety drills to master self-rescue skills. 第三段：总结升华（感悟+倡议） In short, we cannot stop the occurrence of natural disasters, but we can make full preparations for them. Let’s respect nature, cherish life and help each other to fight against disasters. 【原题呈现】 假定你是李华，你的英语老师布置了主题为 Fight Against Natural Disasters 的英语短文写作，请你根据以下要点写一篇短文： 1. 自然灾害频发，给人类带来巨大危害； 2. 面对灾害，社会各界积极救援； 3. 作为高中生，我们应该如何应对、防范灾害。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【审题构思】 1. 文体时态：说明文，一般现在时为主，少量一般过去时 2. 人称：第一、三人称结合 3. 行文逻辑 开头：点明自然灾害频发，危害巨大 主体：阐述社会救援行动+学生的具体防灾做法 结尾：升华主题，敬畏自然、积极防灾 4. 得分亮点：巧用定语从句、状语从句、被动语态、连接词，贴合主题，细节充实 【分层范文】 基础标准版（保底得分） Fight Against Natural Disasters Natural disasters often happen around us, such as earthquakes, floods and typhoons. They are very harmful. They destroy many houses, damage public facilities and even cause people to lose their lives. When disasters happen, the government will take action quickly to save people. Many volunteers also go to disaster areas to offer help and donate supplies. As high school students, we should learn more about disaster prevention. We need to take part in school safety drills and master basic self-rescue skills. In this way, we can protect ourselves when danger comes. Let’s try our best to fight against natural disasters. 高分进阶版（培优提分） Fight Against Natural Disasters As we all know, various natural disasters frequently occur worldwide, including earthquakes, floods and wildfires, which bring severe damage to human life and property. Faced with destructive disasters, our government always responds immediately to organize rescue work and provide relief supplies for disaster-stricken areas. Besides, numerous volunteers devote their time and energy to helping survivors out of difficulties. As senior high school students, we should raise our awareness of disaster prevention. On one hand, we need to learn professional self-rescue knowledge. On the other hand, we should actively participate in safety drills. Only by making full preparations can we better protect ourselves and contribute to fighting against natural disasters. 亮点解析： 1. 句式升级：运用非谓语动词（Faced with...）、定语从句、倒装句（Only by...can we...），摆脱简单句堆砌； 2. 词汇进阶：用frequently, severe, respond immediately, contribute to等高级词汇替换基础词汇； 3. 逻辑优化：使用besides, on one hand, on the other hand等连接词，行文逻辑更清晰； 4.主旨升华：结尾句式高级，紧扣主题，贴合高考高分作文标准。 【基础必做】 一、汉译英 1、自然灾害 ______________________________ 2、造成巨大损失 ______________________________ 3、开展救援工作 ______________________________ 4、提高防灾意识 ______________________________ 5、自救技能 ____________________________________ 6、遭受自然灾害 _________________________________ 二、句型仿写（参照高级句型完成句子） 句型 1：It is of great importance for us to do sth.（做某事对我们至关重要） 例句：It is of great importance for us to learn self-rescue skills. (1) 对我们来说，提高防灾意识至关重要。_______________________________________________ (2) 对政府来说，及时开展救援工作至关重要。_______________________________________________ 句型 2：Only by doing sth. can we...（只有做某事，我们才能……） 例句：Only by practicing daily can we master self-rescue skills. (1) 只有做好准备，我们才能减少灾害损失。_______________________________________________ (2) 只有团结一心，我们才能战胜自然灾害。_______________________________________________ 【提升必做】 Writing 01 1.（25-26高一下·江苏南通·期中）假设你是李华，你校英文报正在就“自然灾害的预防与应对”这一话题征文，请你以 How to Survive an Earthquake 为题写一篇短文， 内容包括： 1．地震的日常预防; 2．地震发生时与灾后的自救。 注意： 1．写作词数 80 左右; 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 How to Survive an Earthquake __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Writing 02 2．（25-26高一下·全国·课后作业）假设你是李华，得知你的好友Grace的家乡发生了地震，于是你向她询问有关情况。Grace来信告诉你，这场地震造成了很大的损失， 但在强震面前，人们团结一心，积极救援，最大限度地降低了损失。请根据以下要点，写一封信介绍有关情况： （1）地震过后，所到之处一片废墟； （2）面对灾难，我们并未失去信心，人们展开了积极救援； （3）我们都对救援人员表示感谢。 注意: 1. 词数80左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数； 3. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Li Hua, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours faithfully, Grace Writing 03 3．（25-26高一上·湖北武汉·期末）假设你是学生李华，上周五你校邀请专家来校做了一场有关防震知识讲座，请你给学校英语报写一篇新闻报道，内容包括以下要点： 1．讲座内容； 2．讲座意义； 注意：1．词数80词左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 A Report on How to Survive in an Earthquake _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Writing 04 4．（24-25高一下·全国·课后作业）假如你是李华，你们学校最近开展了创建“平安校园”活动，本周校报谈论的主题是“发生地震时如何保护自己”。请你以“Earthquake Safety Guidelines”为题写一篇文章。 内容要点： 1. 地震来临前，做好充分准备，装备好救生包，里面有手电筒、电池、食物和急救包等； 2. 地震来临时，不要惊慌。如果在室外请远离大树、高楼等物。如果在室内，要尽量躲在桌子等坚固家具下面，并且注意保护好头、颈部。逃生时千万不要选择乘坐电梯。 注意: 1. 写作词数应为80 左右； 2. 请按如下格式作答。 参考词汇：救生包 (emergency kit)；手电筒 (flashlight) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Natural Disasters自然灾害 单元写作精练 答案 分层实训 【基础必做】 一、汉译英 参考答案： 1、natural disasters 2、cause huge/severe losses 3、carry out rescue work 4、raise disaster prevention awareness 5、self-rescue skills 6、suffer from natural disasters 二、句型仿写（参照高级句型完成句子） 句型 1：It is of great importance for us to do sth.（做某事对我们至关重要） 例句：It is of great importance for us to learn self-rescue skills. 参考答案 (1) It is of great importance for us to raise disaster prevention awareness. (2) It is of great importance for the government to carry out rescue work in time. 句型 2：Only by doing sth. can we...（只有做某事，我们才能……） 例句：Only by practicing daily can we master self-rescue skills. 参考答案 (1) Only by making full preparations can we reduce disaster losses. (2) Only by uniting together can we defeat natural disasters. 【提升必做】 Writing 01 【答案】                                           How to Survive an Earthquake Earthquakes are extremely destructive natural disasters, so it’s essential for students to master earthquake survival skills. In daily life, we should learn basic earthquake prevention knowledge and remember safe shelters. Meanwhile, preparing an emergency kit with food, water and first-aid supplies is highly recommended. When an earthquake hits, stay calm. If indoors, hide under sturdy furniture and keep away from windows. Never rush downstairs blindly. After the earthquake, avoid dangerous falling objects and broken wires, follow rescuers’ guidance and offer help to others when possible. Full preparations and calm minds are the key to surviving earthquakes. 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以How to Survive an Earthquake为题，围绕地震的日常预防、震中及灾后自救两大要点，为校英文报撰写一篇科普短文。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 破坏性的：destructive → damaging 必备的：essential → necessary 掌握：master → know well 牢固的：sturdy → strong 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Meanwhile, preparing an emergency kit with food, water and first-aid supplies is highly recommended. 拓展句：It is highly recommended that we prepare an emergency kit with food, water and first-aid supplies. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】Earthquakes are extremely destructive natural disasters, so it’s essential for students to master earthquake survival skills.（运用了 it 作形式主语，不定式作真正主语） 【高分句型 2】If indoors, hide under sturdy furniture and keep away from windows.（运用了状语从句的省略结构） Writing 02 【答案】： Dear Li Hua, I’m sad to tell you something about the earthquake in my hometown that happened days ago. It caused much damage and many deaths. Wherever we went, we found everything lay in ruins. It seemed as if the world were at an end. However, not all were destroyed and to our relief, a great number of people didn’t lose heart. They came to the rescue right away, saved some people who were trapped under the ruins, and buried the dead. They were so kind and helpful that they were too willing to help those in trouble in the face of disasters, so we can’t praise them too highly. Best wishes. Yours faithfully, Grace 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给好友Grace写信，询问其家乡地震情况，并根据Grace的回信内容介绍地震后的相关情况。 【详解】1.词汇积累 伤心的：sad → sorrowful 破坏：damage→ destruction 造成：cause → bring about 帮助：help→ assist 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：They were so kind and helpful that they were too willing to help those in trouble. 拓展句：So kind and helpful were they that they were too willing to help those in trouble. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m sad to tell you something about the earthquake in my hometown that happened days ago.（运用了that引导的限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】They came to the rescue right away, saved some people who were trapped under the ruins, and buried the dead.（运用了who引导的限制性定语从句） Writing 03 【答案】: A Report on How to Survive in an Earthquake Last Friday, our school invited Dr. Zhang, a famous earthquake safety expert, to deliver an informative lecture on earthquake preparedness and survival skills. Dr. Zhang explained what to do before, during, and after an earthquake. He emphasized the importance of staying calm, taking cover under sturdy furniture, and avoiding windows or elevators. Through vivid videos and real-life examples, he made the knowledge easy to understand and remember. The lecture greatly raised our awareness of disaster prevention and equipped us with practical life-saving skills. Many students said they would share what they learned with their families. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以学生李华的身份，给学校英语报写一篇新闻报道，介绍上周五学校邀请专家开展的防震知识讲座，包括讲座内容和讲座意义。 【详解】1.词汇积累 著名的：famous → renowned 强调：emphasize → stress 提高：raise → enhance 记住：remember → memorize 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：He emphasized the importance of staying calm, taking cover under sturdy furniture, and avoiding windows or elevators. 拓展句：He emphasized that we should stay calm, take cover under sturdy furniture, and avoid windows or elevators. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Dr. Zhang explained what to do before, during, and after an earthquake.（运用了“疑问词+to do”结构作宾语） 【高分句型2】Many students said they would share what they learned with their families.（运用了what引导的宾语从句） Writing 04 【答案】 Earthquake Safety Guidelines Earthquake is unexpected and can break out anytime. However, read these tips on earthquake safety so you and your family can survive. Things to do before an earthquake: Have an emergency kit filled with flashlights, batteries, food and a first-aid kit in your home. Be sure to plan escape routes and make sense of your environment. Listen to the radio for the latest news. Things to do during an earthquake: Get under a strong table with a cushion to protect your head. Try to get into an open area which is away from trees, buildings and walls. Things not to do during an earthquake: Don’t be nervous. Never use the lift. 【导语】 本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“Earthquake Safety Guidelines”为题写一篇文章。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 发生：take place→happen 提示；窍门：tip→hint 保护：protect→shelter 紧张的：nervous→tense 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Have an emergency kit filled with flashlights, batteries, food and a first-aid kit in your home. 拓展句：Have an emergency kit which is filled with flashlights, batteries, food and a first-aid kit in your home. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】 Try to get into an open area which is away from trees, buildings and walls. （运用了which引导的限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】 Have an emergency kit filled with flashlights, batteries, food and a first-aid kit in your home.（运用了过去分词filled作后置定语） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Natural Disasters自然灾害 单元写作精练 【主题】自然灾害相关英语写作，涵盖自然灾害介绍、灾害发生过程、灾害危害、防灾减灾措施、灾后救助与反思、敬畏自然等核心话题，常考书信、倡议书、短文报道、观后感四类文体。 一、写作定位 1. 本单元写作属于现象阐释+问题解决+情感升华类作文，是高中英语高频写作题型。主要考查学生描述自然灾害现象、分析灾害带来的危害、列举防灾自救措施、表达感悟与倡议的书面表达能力。 2. 写作核心要求：时态以一般过去时（灾害纪实）、一般现在时（常识、措施）为主；逻辑清晰，做到“介绍灾害—阐述危害—提出举措—升华主旨”；语言准确，能够熟练运用灾害核心词汇、被动语态、状语从句、非谓语动词等高级句式，贴合高考评分标准。 二、核心素材 【写作词汇短语】 （一）核心词汇 1. 灾害类名词 disaster n. 灾难；灾害；flood n. 洪水；drought n. 干旱；earthquake n. 地震； typhoon n. 台风；hurricane n. 飓风；volcano n. 火山；tsunami n. 海啸； wildfire n. 野火；sandstorm n. 沙尘暴 2. 危害与破坏类动词/形容词 destroy v. 摧毁；ruin v. 毁坏；damage v./n. 损害；strike v. 袭击；occur v. 发生； severe adj. 严重的；destructive adj. 破坏性的；deadly adj. 致命的 3. 救援与救助类词汇 rescue v./n. 营救；save v. 拯救；relief n. 救济；aid n./v. 援助；donate v. 捐赠； volunteer n. 志愿者；survivor n. 幸存者；victim n. 受害者 4. 防灾与预防类词汇 prevent v. 预防；avoid v. 避免；prepare v. 准备；warn v. 警告；protect v. 保护； safety n. 安全；prevention n. 预防；awareness n. 意识 （二）开头段高级句型（引入话题、介绍灾害） 1. Natural disasters, which are common on the earth, often bring great suffering to human beings. 自然灾害是地球上常见的现象，常常给人类带来巨大的苦难。 2. In recent years, more and more severe natural disasters have occurred around the world, causing huge losses of lives and property. 近年来，全球频发严重的自然灾害，造成了巨大的人员伤亡 和财产损失。 3. As we all know, natural disasters are unpredictable and destructive, posing a great threat to our life and safety. 众所周知，自然灾害难以预测且极具破坏性，严重威胁着我们的生命安全。 4. A terrible natural disaster struck our city last week, which left us a deep impression. 上周一场可怕的自然灾害袭击了我们的城市，给我们留下了深刻的印象。 （三）中间主体段句型（描述危害、救援、措施） 1. 描述灾害危害 The disaster was so severe that countless houses were destroyed and many people lost their homes and even lives. 这场灾害极其严重，无数房屋被毁，许多人流离失所，甚至失去生命。 It caused great economic losses and seriously affected people's normal life and production. 它造成了巨大的经济损失，严重影响了人们的正常生活和生产。 2. 描述灾后救援 Immediately after the disaster, the government took immediate action to carry out rescue work. 灾害发生后，政府立即采取行动开展救援工作。 Volunteers from all over the country rushed to the disaster-stricken areas to offer help and supplies. 全国各地的志愿者奔赴灾区，提供帮助和物资。 3. 阐述防灾措施 We should raise public awareness of disaster prevention and learn basic self-rescue skills. 我们要提高公众的防灾意识，学习基本的自救技能。 It is of great importance for us to make full preparations for possible natural disasters. 为可能发生的自然灾害做好充分准备对我们来说至关重要。 （四）校园话题现成例句（适配校园写作、演讲稿、倡议书） 1. As students, we should learn more knowledge about natural disasters to protect ourselves in emergencies. 作为学生，我们应该多学习自然灾害相关知识，在紧急情况下保护自己。 2. Our school often holds disaster prevention drills to help us master self-rescue methods. 我校经常开展防灾演练，帮助我们掌握自救方法。 3. We can take part in volunteer activities to donate money and goods for people in disaster-hit areas. 我们可以参与志愿活动，为灾区人民捐款捐物。 4. It’s our duty to spread disaster prevention knowledge to our family and friends. 向家人和朋友普及防灾知识是我们的责任。 （五）结尾段高级收尾句型+高级满分句 基础收尾句 1. Only by preparing well can we reduce the losses caused by natural disasters. 只有做好充分准备，我们才能减少自然灾害带来的损失。 2. We should cherish life and respect nature all the time. 我们要时刻珍惜生命、敬畏自然。 高级满分句 1. Though natural disasters are unavoidable, we can face them bravely and overcome them with wisdom and unity. 虽然自然灾害无法避免，但我们可以勇敢面对，用智慧和团结战胜灾难。 2. Raising disaster prevention awareness and mastering self-rescue skills is the best way to defend ourselves against natural disasters. 提升防灾意识、掌握自救技能，是我们抵御自然灾害的最佳方式。 3. Nature is powerful, but human beings’ unity and perseverance can always defeat difficulties. 自然力量强大，但人类的团结与坚毅总能战胜困境。 【写作模板】 第一段：引入话题（背景+现象） As is known to all, natural disasters are common in our world. Among them, ______（具体灾害，如earthquakes/floods）are extremely destructive. They often strike suddenly and bring huge harm to human beings. 第二段：主体阐述（危害+应对/措施） To begin with, natural disasters can destroy houses, damage roads and cause heavy economic losses. Worse still, they may take people’s lives and make many people homeless. Facing such disasters, the government always ______（政府举措：takes quick action/ organizes rescue work）. Meanwhile, as students, we should ______（个人举措）. First, we need to learn more disaster prevention knowledge. Second, we should take part in school safety drills to master self-rescue skills. 第三段：总结升华（感悟+倡议） In short, we cannot stop the occurrence of natural disasters, but we can make full preparations for them. Let’s respect nature, cherish life and help each other to fight against disasters. 【原题呈现】 假定你是李华，你的英语老师布置了主题为 Fight Against Natural Disasters 的英语短文写作，请你根据以下要点写一篇短文： 1. 自然灾害频发，给人类带来巨大危害； 2. 面对灾害，社会各界积极救援； 3. 作为高中生，我们应该如何应对、防范灾害。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【审题构思】 1. 文体时态：说明文，一般现在时为主，少量一般过去时 2. 人称：第一、三人称结合 3. 行文逻辑 开头：点明自然灾害频发，危害巨大 主体：阐述社会救援行动+学生的具体防灾做法 结尾：升华主题，敬畏自然、积极防灾 4. 得分亮点：巧用定语从句、状语从句、被动语态、连接词，贴合主题，细节充实 【分层范文】 基础标准版（保底得分） Fight Against Natural Disasters Natural disasters often happen around us, such as earthquakes, floods and typhoons. They are very harmful. They destroy many houses, damage public facilities and even cause people to lose their lives. When disasters happen, the government will take action quickly to save people. Many volunteers also go to disaster areas to offer help and donate supplies. As high school students, we should learn more about disaster prevention. We need to take part in school safety drills and master basic self-rescue skills. In this way, we can protect ourselves when danger comes. Let’s try our best to fight against natural disasters. 高分进阶版（培优提分） Fight Against Natural Disasters As we all know, various natural disasters frequently occur worldwide, including earthquakes, floods and wildfires, which bring severe damage to human life and property. Faced with destructive disasters, our government always responds immediately to organize rescue work and provide relief supplies for disaster-stricken areas. Besides, numerous volunteers devote their time and energy to helping survivors out of difficulties. As senior high school students, we should raise our awareness of disaster prevention. On one hand, we need to learn professional self-rescue knowledge. On the other hand, we should actively participate in safety drills. Only by making full preparations can we better protect ourselves and contribute to fighting against natural disasters. 亮点解析： 1. 句式升级：运用非谓语动词（Faced with...）、定语从句、倒装句（Only by...can we...），摆脱简单句堆砌； 2. 词汇进阶：用frequently, severe, respond immediately, contribute to等高级词汇替换基础词汇； 3. 逻辑优化：使用besides, on one hand, on the other hand等连接词，行文逻辑更清晰； 4.主旨升华：结尾句式高级，紧扣主题，贴合高考高分作文标准。 【基础必做】 一、汉译英 1、自然灾害 ______________________________ 2、造成巨大损失 ______________________________ 3、开展救援工作 ______________________________ 4、提高防灾意识 ______________________________ 5、自救技能 ____________________________________ 6、遭受自然灾害 _________________________________ 参考答案： 1、natural disasters 2、cause huge/severe losses 3、carry out rescue work 4、raise disaster prevention awareness 5、self-rescue skills 6、suffer from natural disasters 二、句型仿写（参照高级句型完成句子） 句型 1：It is of great importance for us to do sth.（做某事对我们至关重要） 例句：It is of great importance for us to learn self-rescue skills. (1) 对我们来说，提高防灾意识至关重要。_______________________________________________ (2) 对政府来说，及时开展救援工作至关重要。_______________________________________________ 参考答案 (1) It is of great importance for us to raise disaster prevention awareness. (2) It is of great importance for the government to carry out rescue work in time. 句型 2：Only by doing sth. can we...（只有做某事，我们才能……） 例句：Only by practicing daily can we master self-rescue skills. (1) 只有做好准备，我们才能减少灾害损失。_______________________________________________ (2) 只有团结一心，我们才能战胜自然灾害。_______________________________________________ 参考答案 (1) Only by making full preparations can we reduce disaster losses. (2) Only by uniting together can we defeat natural disasters. 【提升必做】 Writing 01 1.（25-26高一下·江苏南通·期中）假设你是李华，你校英文报正在就“自然灾害的预防与应对”这一话题征文，请你以 How to Survive an Earthquake 为题写一篇短文， 内容包括： 1．地震的日常预防; 2．地震发生时与灾后的自救。 注意： 1．写作词数 80 左右; 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 How to Survive an Earthquake __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】                                           How to Survive an Earthquake Earthquakes are extremely destructive natural disasters, so it’s essential for students to master earthquake survival skills. In daily life, we should learn basic earthquake prevention knowledge and remember safe shelters. Meanwhile, preparing an emergency kit with food, water and first-aid supplies is highly recommended. When an earthquake hits, stay calm. If indoors, hide under sturdy furniture and keep away from windows. Never rush downstairs blindly. After the earthquake, avoid dangerous falling objects and broken wires, follow rescuers’ guidance and offer help to others when possible. Full preparations and calm minds are the key to surviving earthquakes. 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以How to Survive an Earthquake为题，围绕地震的日常预防、震中及灾后自救两大要点，为校英文报撰写一篇科普短文。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 破坏性的：destructive → damaging 必备的：essential → necessary 掌握：master → know well 牢固的：sturdy → strong 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Meanwhile, preparing an emergency kit with food, water and first-aid supplies is highly recommended. 拓展句：It is highly recommended that we prepare an emergency kit with food, water and first-aid supplies. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】Earthquakes are extremely destructive natural disasters, so it’s essential for students to master earthquake survival skills.（运用了 it 作形式主语，不定式作真正主语） 【高分句型 2】If indoors, hide under sturdy furniture and keep away from windows.（运用了状语从句的省略结构） Writing 02 2．（25-26高一下·全国·课后作业）假设你是李华，得知你的好友Grace的家乡发生了地震，于是你向她询问有关情况。Grace来信告诉你，这场地震造成了很大的损失， 但在强震面前，人们团结一心，积极救援，最大限度地降低了损失。请根据以下要点，写一封信介绍有关情况： （1）地震过后，所到之处一片废墟； （2）面对灾难，我们并未失去信心，人们展开了积极救援； （3）我们都对救援人员表示感谢。 注意: 1. 词数80左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数； 3. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Li Hua, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours faithfully, Grace 【答案】： Dear Li Hua, I’m sad to tell you something about the earthquake in my hometown that happened days ago. It caused much damage and many deaths. Wherever we went, we found everything lay in ruins. It seemed as if the world were at an end. However, not all were destroyed and to our relief, a great number of people didn’t lose heart. They came to the rescue right away, saved some people who were trapped under the ruins, and buried the dead. They were so kind and helpful that they were too willing to help those in trouble in the face of disasters, so we can’t praise them too highly. Best wishes. Yours faithfully, Grace 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给好友Grace写信，询问其家乡地震情况，并根据Grace的回信内容介绍地震后的相关情况。 【详解】1.词汇积累 伤心的：sad → sorrowful 破坏：damage→ destruction 造成：cause → bring about 帮助：help→ assist 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：They were so kind and helpful that they were too willing to help those in trouble. 拓展句：So kind and helpful were they that they were too willing to help those in trouble. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m sad to tell you something about the earthquake in my hometown that happened days ago.（运用了that引导的限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】They came to the rescue right away, saved some people who were trapped under the ruins, and buried the dead.（运用了who引导的限制性定语从句） Writing 03 3．（25-26高一上·湖北武汉·期末）假设你是学生李华，上周五你校邀请专家来校做了一场有关防震知识讲座，请你给学校英语报写一篇新闻报道，内容包括以下要点： 1．讲座内容； 2．讲座意义； 注意：1．词数80词左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 A Report on How to Survive in an Earthquake _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】: A Report on How to Survive in an Earthquake Last Friday, our school invited Dr. Zhang, a famous earthquake safety expert, to deliver an informative lecture on earthquake preparedness and survival skills. Dr. Zhang explained what to do before, during, and after an earthquake. He emphasized the importance of staying calm, taking cover under sturdy furniture, and avoiding windows or elevators. Through vivid videos and real-life examples, he made the knowledge easy to understand and remember. The lecture greatly raised our awareness of disaster prevention and equipped us with practical life-saving skills. Many students said they would share what they learned with their families. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以学生李华的身份，给学校英语报写一篇新闻报道，介绍上周五学校邀请专家开展的防震知识讲座，包括讲座内容和讲座意义。 【详解】1.词汇积累 著名的：famous → renowned 强调：emphasize → stress 提高：raise → enhance 记住：remember → memorize 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：He emphasized the importance of staying calm, taking cover under sturdy furniture, and avoiding windows or elevators. 拓展句：He emphasized that we should stay calm, take cover under sturdy furniture, and avoid windows or elevators. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Dr. Zhang explained what to do before, during, and after an earthquake.（运用了“疑问词+to do”结构作宾语） 【高分句型2】Many students said they would share what they learned with their families.（运用了what引导的宾语从句） Writing 04 4．（24-25高一下·全国·课后作业）假如你是李华，你们学校最近开展了创建“平安校园”活动，本周校报谈论的主题是“发生地震时如何保护自己”。请你以“Earthquake Safety Guidelines”为题写一篇文章。 内容要点： 1. 地震来临前，做好充分准备，装备好救生包，里面有手电筒、电池、食物和急救包等； 2. 地震来临时，不要惊慌。如果在室外请远离大树、高楼等物。如果在室内，要尽量躲在桌子等坚固家具下面，并且注意保护好头、颈部。逃生时千万不要选择乘坐电梯。 注意: 1. 写作词数应为80 左右； 2. 请按如下格式作答。 参考词汇：救生包 (emergency kit)；手电筒 (flashlight) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Earthquake Safety Guidelines Earthquake is unexpected and can break out anytime. However, read these tips on earthquake safety so you and your family can survive. Things to do before an earthquake: Have an emergency kit filled with flashlights, batteries, food and a first-aid kit in your home. Be sure to plan escape routes and make sense of your environment. Listen to the radio for the latest news. Things to do during an earthquake: Get under a strong table with a cushion to protect your head. Try to get into an open area which is away from trees, buildings and walls. Things not to do during an earthquake: Don’t be nervous. Never use the lift. 【导语】 本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“Earthquake Safety Guidelines”为题写一篇文章。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 发生：take place→happen 提示；窍门：tip→hint 保护：protect→shelter 紧张的：nervous→tense 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Have an emergency kit filled with flashlights, batteries, food and a first-aid kit in your home. 拓展句：Have an emergency kit which is filled with flashlights, batteries, food and a first-aid kit in your home. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】 Try to get into an open area which is away from trees, buildings and walls. （运用了which引导的限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】 Have an emergency kit filled with flashlights, batteries, food and a first-aid kit in your home.（运用了过去分词filled作后置定语） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $