专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，贵州专用）高一英语上学期

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文阅读理解，涵盖人与社会（科技/文化）、人与自然（生态/灾害）、人与自我（生活/学习）三大主题，精选贵州多校期中真题，素材贴近学生生活与时代热点，如屏幕时间管理、建筑机器人、蝴蝶保护等，兼具真实性与教育意义。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（说明文）|每篇4题|细节理解（如20-20-20规则）、推理判断（作者态度）、词汇猜测（devastated）、主旨大意（友谊的意义）|以真实情境为载体，问题设计从基础信息提取到高阶思维递进，如通过蚂蚁疗伤实验考查科学探究能力，结合社会现象引导批判性思考|

专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高一上·贵州黔西南州普安县第一中学·期中）In today’s world, many young people spend a lot of time on screens. They watch videos, play games, and chat with friends on their phones or computers. While technology is useful, too much screen time can be bad for both physical and mental health. Firstly, looking at screens for a long time can hurt your eyes and make it difficult to sleep well at night. The light from screens tricks your brain into thinking it is still daytime. Secondly, when you are sitting and watching a screen, you are not moving your body. This may lead to weight gain and other health problems. Thirdly, spending too much time in the online world can sometimes make people feel lonely or anxious in the real world. So, what is a healthy amount of screen time? Doctors suggest that young people should have no more than two hours of screen time for fun each day. It is important to take breaks, like the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds. Try to find other activities you enjoy, such as reading a book, playing a sport, or talking face-to-face with family and friends. Balancing screen time with other activities will help you live a happier and healthier life. 1.How can screen light affect sleep? A. It makes people dream more. B. It makes the brain think it’s daytime. C. It makes people feel too tired to sleep. D. It makes the room too bright. 2.What is the 20-20-20 rule? A. Spend 20 minutes online and 20 minutes offline every day. B. Play games for 20 minutes and then rest for 20 seconds. C. Every 20 minutes, look into the distance for 20 seconds. D. Only watch videos that are 20 minutes long. 3.What does the author suggest young people do? A. Use technology as much as they want. B. Spend more time on outdoor activities. C. Only use computers for studying. D. Balance screen time with other activities. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards screen time? A. It is completely harmful. B. It should be strictly controlled. C. It is necessary but needs to be managed. D. It is more important than other activities. 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高二上·贵州省部分学校·期中）Construction robots are not new. They have been doing difficult jobs on building sites for some time. Now, there is a new robot named Charlotte. It is said that this robot can build a 2,150-square-foot house all by itself in just one day. It works as fast as about 100 human workers. Charlotte was created by two Australian companies. One company developed a special, environmentally friendly building material. This material is made from sand, waste glass, and broken bricks found locally. The other company built the robot. Traditional building needs a lot of steps, like fixing steel bars (钢筋) and setting up wooden frames (框架). But Charlotte is different. It uses a special system to 3D print the building material, layer (层) by layer. It can even move and lift itself up using its “spider legs”. All this is done by one machine in a single, continuous process. The robot is still being developed. It will probably take a few years before it builds its first real house. A smaller early model was shown at a recent exhibition. The companies have big dreams for Charlotte. They hope it will not only build houses on Earth in the future but also help build bases for research on the Moon. They say its design, which copies ideas from nature, and its ability to work alone make it perfect for the Moon. While Charlotte seems best for simple building styles right now, its main goal is to help with two big problems: not enough workers and slow building progress. These problems make it hard to solve the housing shortage in many countries. The houses it builds can keep out floods and resist fire. The building process is much faster and cheaper than traditional methods. If the materials are taken from nearby places, it can also be better for the environment by reducing carbon emissions. Of course, this robot builder won’t be the right solution for every place, climate, or what every person likes, But for the millions of people who need a home, it sounds like a very hopeful way to help solve part of the problem. 1.Which aspect of Charlotte is mentioned in paragraph 1? A. Its amazing work efficiency. B. Its widespread application. C. Its environmental quality. D. Its convenient operation. 2.How is Charlotte’s building process different from traditional methods? A. It needs more time. B. It requires more workers. C. It focuses on wooden structures. D. It uses a single continuous process. 3.What future application do the companies expect of Charlotte? A. Repairing historical buildings. B. Developing new building materials. C. Building research bases on the Moon. D. Creating artistic statues for famous people. 4.What is the author’s attitude to the robot builder? A. Critical. B. Positive. C. Doubtful D. Uncaring. 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高一上·贵州镇宁民族中学·期中）The Development of American and British English: Why Language Learning Matters American and British English, two major variants of English, have unique development histories. British English has developed over centuries, shaped by Celtic, Germanic, and French influences. After the American Revolution (1775-1783), in order to adapt to social development and people’s needs, American English began to diverge (分化). Noah Webster, known for “Webster’s Dictionary,” simplified spellings to create a distinct American language identity. Today, these variants differ in spelling, vocabulary, and pronunciation. For example, “lift” in British English is “elevator” in American English, and “autumn” becomes “fall”. A 2023 study by the British Council found that over 1.5 billion people worldwide speak English, with 40% using American English and 35% British English. This shows their global importance. Dr. Emma Clark, a linguistics expert at Oxford University, once said, “Learning both American and British English opens doors to more opportunities in education, work, and culture.” In a world connected by the internet, understanding both variants helps avoid misunderstandings. For students, it makes it easier to read books from different countries or communicate with international classmates. In short, studying the history of American and British English helps us understand language evolution. More importantly, it reminds us that language learning is key to global communication and personal growth. 1.Who helped create a distinct American English identity by simplifying spellings? A. Dr. Emma Clark. B. Noah Webster. C. The British Council. D. Oxford University researchers. 2.What is “elevator” called in British English according to the passage? A. Fall. B. Color. C. Lift. D. Autumn. 3.What does Dr. Emma Clark think about learning both American and British English? A. It is a waste of time for students around the world. B. It helps with education, work, and culture chances. C. It makes language learning more difficult. D. It is only useful for internet communication. 4.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A. To make readers aware of the importance of learning English. B. To help readers have a complete understanding of English learning. C. To explain the differences between American and British English. D. To encourage more readers to work on various language research. 主题语境04 人与自然-灾害防范 （25-26高一上·贵州县中新学校·期中）A large flood caused by heavy rains and melting mountain snow recently hit America’s Yellowstone National Park. It caused widespread damage and resulted in many changes. It changed the path of a river popular for fishing and also devastated hundreds of homes, bridges and roadways in nearby communities. It drove more than 10, 000 visitors out of the park. Luckily, no one was reported hurt. However, the park could remain closed for up to one week. The water also washed away camp structures, flooded small towns and cut power to parts of southern Montana and northern Wyoming. The Yellowstone River was running at a historically high level of 4. 9 meters as it flowed past Billings, Montana’s largest city. The city got its water from the river and was forced to close its treatment plant (工厂) because it couldn’t operate effectively with water levels that high. Billings officials said the city only had a 24-hour supply of water. They were asking people to save water until the river could drop and the plant could restart operations. Yellowstone officials said, “The northern half of the park is likely to remain closed over the summer. This will greatly affect local economies that depend on summer tourists. But we have faith in the park repairs and economic recovery.” 1.What does the underlined word “devastated” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Ruined. B. Promoted. C. Challenged. D. Demanded. 2.What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A. The flood lasted quite long. B. The flood left bad effects. C. The flood was caused for some reasons. D. The flood killed 10, 000 visitors. 3.What happened to the treatment plant in Billings after the flood? A. It needed new equipment to supply water. B. It cut down the city’s water supply for 24 hours. C. It was forced to operate in 24 hours. D. It stopped working. 4.What’s the Yellowstone officials’ attitude to the park repairs and economic recovery? A. Positive. B. Doubtful. C. Uncertain. D. Curious. 主题语境05 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·贵州贵阳第一中学·期中）Ants in Florida perform life- saving surgery on their peers, scientists have discovered. They are the only known animals besides humans to do this. Researchers found that Florida carpenter ants identify leg wounds on their nestmates and treat them with either cleaning or amputation (截肢). The study was published in Current Biology.“When we’ re talking about amputation behavior, this is literally the only case in which an advanced and systematic amputation of an individual by another member of its species occurs in the animal kingdom,”said lead author Erik Frank, a behavioral ecologist at the University ofWürzburg in Germany. In 2023, Frank’s team discovered that African ants treat infected wounds with antimicrobial (杀菌的) substances from their organs. Florida carpenter ants (木匠蚁) do not have such organs, so the researchers wanted to learn how they treat wounds. They examined two types of leg injuries: lacerations on the femur (大腿骨) and those on the tibia (lower leg). Ants treated femur wounds by cleaning, followed by amputation using repeated bites. Tibia wounds were only cleaned. The surgeries improved survival significantly. For femur injuries, survival rose from under40% to 90-95% with amputation. For tibia injuries, cleaning raised survival from 15% to 75%. Amputation likely works for femur wounds because muscle damage slows blood flow, giving ants time to act. In tibia injuries, infections spread faster due to less muscle, making amputation too slow to help.“The ants are able to diagnose a wound, see if it’s infected or bacteria- free and treat it accordingly — the only medical system that can compare that would be the human one,”Frank said. The ants’ ability appears to be built- in. Researchers are now studying whether other ant species without special organs can perform similar surgeries. 1.What is the main discovery about Florida carpenter ants? A. Their ways to find food. B. Their social group rules. C. Their use of body chemicals. D. Their skills to treat wounds. 2.How do Florida carpenter ants deal with lower leg wounds? A. By leaving it alone. B. By cutting the leg off. C. By cleaning the wound. D. Using special liquids. 3.Why does leg- cutting work for upper leg wounds? A. Ants can bite better there. B. Germs spread more slowly there. C. Upper legs can fix themselves better. D. Cleaning doesn’t work on upper legs. 4.What is true about the ants’ medical skills according to the text? A. They are innate to ants. B. They change with seasons. C. They are taught by leaders. D. They are learned from practice. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·贵州黔西南州普安县第一中学·期中）Bees are some of the most important insects in the world. They do not just make honey; they also help plants grow. How do they do that? They pollinate (授粉) flowers. When a bee lands on a flower to collect sweet liquid called nectar, pollen from the flower sticks to the bee’s body. Then the bee flies to another flower. Some of the pollen falls off, which helps the plant produce fruit and seeds. Without bees, many of the foods we eat every day would disappear. Apples, almonds, and even coffee need bees to grow. However, bees are now in danger. The use of pesticides (杀虫剂), loss of wild flowers, and diseases are making their population drop quickly. This is a big problem for our environment and our food. We can all help save the bees. Planting more flowers in gardens, reducing the use of pesticides, and buying honey from local beekeepers are good ways to start. Remember, helping bees means helping ourselves. 1.How do bees help plants according to the text? A. By eating harmful insects. B. By carrying pollen between flowers. C. By protecting plants from diseases. D. By bringing water to plants. 2.According to the passage, what is the main reason bees fly from one flower to another? A. To produce sweet honey for people. B. To find a safe place to rest. C. To collect nectar from the flowers. D. To protect plants from diseases. 3.Which of the following is NOT a reason for the drop in the bee population? A. The use of pesticides. B. Not enough food sources. C. Cold weather in winter. D. Diseases. 4.What can we do to help save bees? A. Plant more trees. B. Buy honey from supermarkets. C. Grow more flowers in gardens. D. Keep bees as pets. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高三上·贵州贵阳第一中学·期中）If a stranger offered you a free cookie, you might eat it. But what if they also offered $2? You might decline and think, “Something smells fishy.” A study found people often reject offers like “free money,” unusually high salaries, or cheap services because they seem “too good to be true.” The research bridges economics and psychology to explain why financial rewards backfire. In the initial experiment, nearly 40% of participants ate a free cookie, compared with about 20% of those also offered $2. “People typically imagine something unpleasant happened to the cookie,” says study lead author Andrew J. Vonasch at the University of Canterbury. Nine further experiments with over 4,000 participants explored similar situations, such as offers of money for rides home, unusually high wages, and cheap flights. In all cases, greater financial gain reduced acceptance rates beyond a certain limit. Vonasch explains this goes against the “standard economic model,” which assumes people always seek to maximize benefits. Instead, offers are viewed as social interactions where violations (违背) of norms, like unexplained generosity, create “phantom costs” — imagined negative results that lower an offer’s “psychological value.” Rachel McCloy, a psychologist at the University of Reading, says overgenerosity may be avoided to escape feeling indebted, supporting the saying “there’s no such thing as a free lunch.” Another experiment found distrustful individuals inferred more ghost costs. Researchers showed this effect could be mitigated by providing a reason for the deal. The “cheapflights” experiment included a condition where seats were stated to be uncomfortable.“Uncomfortable seats aren’t typically a selling point,” Vonasch says. “But telling people the seats were uncomfortable made them more willing to take them because it was a reasonable explanation.” The scientists are now exploring whether ghost costs affect interactions with robots and AI. “If AI is overly generous, will people imagine ghost costs?” Vonasch says. “People tend to humanize AI and treat AI agents as if they have a mind, when obviously they don’t.” 1.Why did fewer people accept the cookie with $2? A. They suspected a hidden trick. B. They already had enough money. C. They disliked the taste of cookies. D. They wished to avoid future debts. 2.According to the text, what leads to “phantom costs”? A. Memories of past unpleasant events. B. Generous acts without clear reasons. C. A person’s naturally questioning nature. D. Physical discomfort in the environment. 3.What does “mitigated” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Ignored. B. Worsened. C. Lessened. D. Understood. 4.Which saying best reflects the finding of paragraph 5? A. Look before you leap. B. Better safe than sorry. C. Money isn’t everything. D. Honesty is the best policy. 主题语境02 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 （25-26高一上·贵州镇宁民族中学·期中）The Unseen Bonds of Friendship Friendship is universally celebrated as a cornerstone of a happy life, providing us with comfort, joy, and a vital support system. Yet, the path of friendship is rarely straightforward. It is often through its inevitable challenges, transformations, and even its endings that we acquire our most profound lessons about trust, personal growth, and the essence of human connection. In today’s digital world, the idea of friendship has expanded. Social media allows us to have hundreds of online “friends.” Yet, studies show that people with large online networks often feel lonely. This highlights a key point: quantity cannot replace quality. True friendship is built on shared experiences, trust, and meaningful conversations. These essential elements are often missing in the fast-paced world of online interaction. Furthermore, friendships naturally change as we grow. The close friend from your primary school may not remain your best friend in high school. This change is a natural part of life’s journey, not a sign of failure. These friendships were precious for their time. Learning to accept this change, though difficult, helps us appreciate the memories and continue our personal growth. Sometimes, friendship involves pain, such as when trust is broken. While deeply hurtful, such experiences can teach us about our own values and needs. They help us establish healthy personal boundaries and reflect on what kind of friend we want to be. In conclusion, friendship is a rich and complex journey. It is not defined solely by laughter and support but also by its capacity to educate and strengthen us through difficulty. By navigating its entire landscape, we develop crucial life skills like empathy and resilience (复原力), and gain a deeper appreciation for the invisible, unseen bonds that truly tie us to one another. 1.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Social media’s negative impact. B. Learning from friendship’s ups and downs. C. The need to end growing-apart friendships. D. Friendship as the key to happiness. 2.Why might people with large online networks feel lonely? A. They focus on quantity over quality in relationships. B. They often have more arguments online. C. They lack digital communication skills. D. They prefer traditional face-to-face contact. 3.What is the author’s view on friendships that change over time? A. It is a natural and acceptable part of life. B. It signifies a failed relationship. C. It shows a lack of mutual effort. D. It prevents new relationships from forming. 4.According to the passage, what can a painful experience with a friend teach us? A. To avoid making close friends. B. Our own values and the need for boundaries. C. That trust is not important in friendship. D. To forget past friendships completely. 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高二上·贵州县中新学校·期中）In recent years, a new type of energy-storing device called the “supercapacitor” has been attracting more and more attention. Supercapacitors are different from traditional batteries in many ways. They can charge and discharge much faster than batteries. For example, a traditional battery may take several hours to fully charge, while a supercapacitor can be charged in a matter of seconds or minutes. Supercapacitors also have a longer lifespan. They can withstand a large number of charge-discharge cycles without significant degradation in performance. This makes them very suitable for applications where frequent charging and discharging are required, such as in electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. In electric vehicles, supercapacitors can be used to store the energy generated during braking. This energy can then be reused to power the vehicle, improving the vehicle’s energy efficiency. In renewable energy systems like wind and solar power, supercapacitors can store the excess energy generated during peak production times and release it when the energy production is low. However, supercapacitors also have some limitations. Their energy density is currently lower than that of traditional batteries, which means they can’t store as much energy per unit volume. But scientists are constantly researching and developing new materials and technologies to improve the energy density of supercapacitors. 1.How is a supercapacitor different from a traditional battery? A. It is more expensive. B. It can charge and discharge faster. C. It is heavier. D. It has a lower power output. 2.The underlined word “degradation” in the second paragraph probably means “______”. A. improvement B. change C. increase D. decline 3.In which field can supercapacitors be used to store braking-generated energy? A. In the field of home appliances. B. In the field of communication. C. In the field of electric vehicles. D. In the field of aerospace. 4.What does the passage mainly talk about? A. The advantages and disadvantages of supercapacitors. B. The comparison between supercapacitors and traditional batteries. C. The applications of supercapacitors in electric vehicles. D. The research and development of supercapacitors. 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·贵州黔东南部分校联考·期中）Research often points to exercise as a good way to improve mental health, but a recent study from the University of Georgia suggests that it’s not just physical movement that affects mental health. It’s how, where and why you exercise that makes the difference. “In previous (以前的) research, physical-activity research has focused on how long someone exercises for or how many calories are burned,” said Patrick O’Connor, co-author of the study. “The amount of exercise has been the main way researchers have tried to understand how physical activity might influence mental health, while often ignoring whether those minutes were spent exercising with a friend or as part of a game.” Many studies found that people who take part in regular leisure-time physical activity, like going for a run, taking a yoga class or biking for fun, tend to report lower levels of anxiety. But while leisure-time physical activity offers better mental health outcomes, these benefits may vary greatly depending on the environment of the activity, according to the researchers. “For example, if a soccer player runs down the field and kicks the game-winning ball, their mental health is fantastic,” O’Connor said. “In contrast, if you do the exact same exercise but miss the goal and people are blaming (责备) you, you likely feel very differently.” Many studies also showed that adopting regular exercise routines improved mental health, especially for individuals with existing mental health disorders. However, these studies were typically based on similar samples, so the results aren’t probably suitable for more diverse groups. “If we’re trying to help people’s mental health through exercise, then not only do we need to think about the amount and the mode, we also need to ask: What is the context (背景)?” O’Connor said. For O’Connor, the key point is clear. It’s not just movement that matters. It’s the meaning, the context and the experience of the activity that determine the influence of exercise on mental health. 1.What has been largely overlooked in previous research? A. The length and type of exercise. B. The social environment of physical activity. C. The number of calories burned during exercise. D. The physical health outcomes of regular exercise. 2.What can we learn from the soccer player example? A. Winning ensures mental health benefits. B. Playing football can improve mental health. C. Blame from others leads to bad mental health. D. Context matters in how exercise affects mental health. 3.What does O’Connor suggest scientists do? A. Avoid studying people with mental health disorders. B. Focus more on the amount of exercise in future studies. C. Pay attention to the context of exercise in their research. D. Prove what is the real effect of exercise on mental health. 4.Which situation best matches the “context effect” described in the text? A. Lily buys lighter running shoes and runs faster. B. Ben sleeps nine hours the night after swimming. C. Mary loses 2 kg after jogging 5 km every day for a month. D. Tom feels great cycling with friends but bored when cycling alone. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·贵州镇宁民族中学·期中）Love to sink into your chairs and relax when you get to school? Then you will not be happy to hear that schools all over the world are seriously considering exchanging traditional desks for ones with no seats at all — Yes, that means you will be encouraged to stand through those already too long math and science lessons! Why would anyone even think of putting kids to such cruelty? Experts say it improves their health and helps fight obesity. While that may seem a little far-fetched (牵强的) the officials at the few schools around the world seem to agree. Among them are educators from the College Station Independent School District in Texas, who recently completed a week-long experiment involving 480 students across three elementary schools. The 374 kids that agreed to participate in the study were provided a device that helped record step count and calorie consumption over the entire period. All 25 teachers involved in the study reported that students appeared to be more alert and concentrate better, when allowed to stand. The one thing that did surprise the researchers was that younger kids were more willing to stay standing than kids in higher grades. They believe this may have something to do with the fact that after years of being asked to “sit still”, older kids have a harder time adjusting to this unexpected freedom. American schools are not the only ones reporting success with stand-up desks. Four Catholic schools in Perth, Australia, which have been testing them since October 2013, have seen similar results. In May 2014, Grove House Primary School in Bradford, West Yorkshire, became Europe’s first test one, with a seven-week trial that involved the use of desks made by Ergotron in their fifth-grade classrooms. While official results are not out yet, early reactions from both teachers and students, have been extremely encouraging. The findings of these studies and others done previously, all seem to mean that allowing kids to move around in classrooms is a win-win for students and teachers — it helps kids get healthier and provides educators with a more engaged audience. 1.The students may be unhappy because _____. A. they have to exchange desks with each other B. the officials show no sympathy to them at all C. there are no seats for them to sit in class D. they have to exchange traditional desks for ones with no seats 2.Older students may not like stand-up desks because _____. A. they are cleverer than younger students B. they are easily tired of standing long C. they have formed the habit of sitting D. they do badly in class while standing 3.What is most likely to be the result of the seven-week trial? A. The standing desks can’t be used at all. B. It is good for students to use stand-up desks. C. More tests should be done in other schools. D. The students are different in personality. 4.Why do the teachers like the standing desks? A. Because the educators can draw the students’ attention. B. Because the teachers can keep the students healthy. C. Because the students can have a walk in the classroom. D. Because the standing desks can keep the students concentrated. Passage 3 （25-26高三上·贵州遵义·期中）The development of AI for clinical use has boomed, with researchers creating a host of tools, from algorithms (算法) to help interpret scans to systems that can aid with diagnoses. AI is also being applied to hospital management, such as optimizing bed capacity and managing supply chains. Experts believe this technology promises significant benefits for healthcare. However, the use of AI in healthcare could create a legally complex blame game when it comes to judging responsibility for medical accidents, experts have warned. These include a lack of thorough testing for the effectiveness of AI tools and unanswered questions about responsibility if a patient suffers harm due to an AI-assisted decision. Professor Derek Angus highlights that situations will certainly arise where something appears to go wrong, leading to a search for someone to blame. To address these issues, a major summit (峰会) on AI in healthcare was held, gathering a wide range of experts including doctors, regulators, and lawyers. A resulting report examined not only the types of AI tools and their applications but also the challenges they bring, particularly legal ones. Professor Glenn Cohen, a report’s co-author, pointed out potential difficulties for patients. For instance, it might be hard for them to access information about how an AI product works internally. Furthermore, it is challenging to prove that a different design could have prevented a poor outcome. Legal actions could also be complicated as different parties might blame each other, or have contracts that reassign liability. Another major challenge is evaluation. Once approved, AI tools can be used in unpredictable ways across various settings by users with different skill levels. There is little guarantee that a tool performing well in tests will be effective in real-world practice. The report adds that currently, evaluating AI tools is difficult and expensive. They often need real-world use for full assessment, but current methods are complex and inefficient. 1.What is the main concern raised by experts at the beginning of the passage? A. The challenges of managing supply chains. B. The high cost of developing medical AI tools. C. The strong opposition from experts in this field. D. The legal difficulty in determining responsibility. 2.Why was the summit on AI in healthcare held? A. To accelerate the applications of AI. B. To settle the uncertainties about AI applications. C. To examine the applications and challenges of AI. D. To encourage hospitals to invest more money. 3.What does Cohen’s concern mainly reveal about patients? A. Their disadvantage in information. B. Their weak medical knowledge. C. Their low trust in doctors. D. Their dependence on AI. 4.What is the author’s overall attitude towards the application of AI in the healthcare field? A. Optimistic. B. Critical. C. Objective. D. Indifferent. 主题语境05 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·贵州县中新学校·期中）While technological advancements have improved the convenience of urban commuting in recent years, environmental studies show a worrying reduction in urban green spaces, especially in densely populated districts. Many residents complain that there’s lack of accessible nature-filled areas for relaxation and exercise, so they end up spending more time indoors, relying on virtual entertainment. Urban planners Lila Chen and Ryan Moore are deeply troubled by such issues. In their newly released book Green Living: Reclaim Our Cities’ Natural Spaces, they call for a fundamental rethinking of urban design and the role greenery should play in our daily lives. The landscape of urban living began to shift decades ago. Vast areas of natural vegetation were cleared to make room for sprawling concrete structures and commercial centers, forcing residents to seek nature in distant suburbs. Some grassroots groups fought back. Most notably, a community organizer from Seattle, who relocated to the city in the early 2000s, launched a movement to save a local wetlands area from being converted into a shopping mall. Emily Clark appealed to the city council to “Preserve Seattle as a city where nature and urban life coexist harmoniously, not just a place of concrete and commerce.” Similar initiatives took place in other major cities across the country in the 2010s. Although these initiatives gained public attention, the harsh reality is that the majority of modern cities remain focusing on urban development at the expense of green spaces. The coverage of natural areas in cities has been shrinking steadily. In California, for instance, the ratio of urban green spaces to total city area has dropped to a record low, even as the state promotes environmental protection campaigns. We invest substantial resources in building urban infrastructure that prioritizes speed and efficiency, yet we neglect to consider the true value of green spaces. Do we fully comprehend the social and psychological costs when citizens lack easy access to natural environments for mental rejuvenation? The authors of Green Living are spot-on: it’s high time we re-evaluate the urban landscapes right outside our homes. 1.What can we know from the phenomenon mentioned in paragraph 1? A. Urban commuting has become overly dependent on technology. B. Residents in densely populated areas have limited access to jobs. C. The decline of urban green spaces results in lifestyle changes. D. Virtual entertainment is replacing outdoor activities completely. 2.Why did the Seattle community organizer launch the campaign? A. Relocate residents to distant suburbs with more greenery. B. Expand commercial development and concrete structures. C. Promote the construction of more shopping malls in wetlands. D. Protect city natural spaces for a balanced lifestyle. 3.What can be inferred about the protection campaigns in California? A. They were actually ineffective in protecting urban green spaces. B. They resulted in the closure of all commercial construction projects. C. They have successfully increased the ratio of urban green spaces. D. They finally led to a surge in environmental protection donations. 4.Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Tech Advance: A Double-edged Sword? B. Urban Rush: Sacrificing Nature? C. Green Spaces: A luxury or Necessity? D. Community Activism: A Lost Cause? 主题语境06 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·贵州黔东南部分校联考·期中）In recent years, Europe has experienced a rising frequency of extreme heat waves. According to the European Environment Agency, these weather events are becoming not only more common but also more serious. Many temperature records have been broken, and the health risks have worsened, especially for weak populations like the elderly and young children. But why are these heat waves happening so regularly? The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate (气候) Change (IPCC) reported that the warming air, a direct result of human caused climate change, is making heat waves more likely and more serious. This is because the hotter air can hold more water, which fuels weather extremes. The results of heat waves go beyond discomfort and health risks. A report by the European Forest Fire Information System noted a great increase in wildfires during periods of extreme heat, which led to evacuations (撤离) and lots of property-damage. The science is simple: High temperatures and dry conditions create a perfect environment for fires to start and spread quickly. Furthermore, these fires not only destroy local ecosystems but also produce lots of carbon dioxide, which further worsens climate change. Faced with this challenge, Europe is exploring a series of methods to deal with the influence of extreme heat and prevent wildfires. One way is the use of satellite technology and AI to watch and check the areas at risk of wildfires. This technology can provide early warnings, enabling quicker responses to wildfires. There are also policies about approaching climate change, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions (排放). And new building rules that promote heat-resistant materials and urban planning that includes more green spaces are being considered to make cities better prepared for heat waves. What’s more, education plays a great role, which can equip young people with the knowledge and skills necessary to take part in climate action. 1.What is the direct cause of the increasing heat waves in Europe? A. Increasing wildfires. B. The reduction of forests. C. Human-caused climate change. D. Record-breaking high temperatures. 2.Why is the report mentioned in paragraph 3? A. To warn people about the danger of wildfires. B. To prove heat waves add to the risk of wildfires. C. To call on the public to protect the environment. D. To stress the importance of early wildfire warnings. 3.What is Europe’s attitude towards heat waves? A. Responsible and active. B. Concerned and anxious. C. Doubtful and frightened. D. Uncaring and relaxed. 4.What is a suitable title for the text? A. Heat Waves Sweep Across Europe B. Europe Battles Against Natural Disasters C. How to Survive Extreme Weather Conditions D. How Technology Prevents Wildfires from Happening Passage 2 （25-26高二上·贵州镇宁民族中学·期中）The last known eggs of the Great Bustard (鸨) were taken in 1832, and the bird was nearly extinct by the end of the 19th century, a victim of hunters. In 2004, the endangered species was reintroduced to Salisbury Plain, with the aim of establishing a self-sustaining population here. The Great Bustard Group (GBG), the charity behind the release, was set up in 1997 and it has now been 16 years since the initial 10-year trial began. Long-term volunteers Fred and Rona Andrews have been involved from the start and, working as part of a team, have helped raise over 200 chicks from eggs sourced abroad. “For the first week the chick needs to have food placed in its bill, so we use a feeding puppet to imitate the behavior of the parent,” explains Fred. “It is quite hard when the bustards are young because they need feeding every hour and it takes a long time to feed one.” Great Bustards reach maturity at about five years old. “Seeing the first wild bred chick out on Salisbury Plain in 2009, shortly after it hatched, was a proud moment for me,” says Rona. On average, 12 chicks are released each year on to Salisbury Plain and in 2018 the survival rate was 100 percent. “The aim has been to reach a population of 100 birds,” says GBG executive officer David Waters. “Now we have that number, and we are hoping the population will continue to grow by natural reproduction.” “Being involved with the world’s heaviest bird alive today that can fly has given us both a greater knowledge of birds, conservation and farming,” states Rona. “We are contributing to an important conservation project that also benefits other species.” 1.Why did the GBG reintroduce Great Bustards to Salisbury Plain? A. To test their chance of survival. B. To increase species diversity there. C. To help save the threatened species. D. To help the local bustards raise chicks. 2.What does Fred say about feeding the young bustards? A. It is dangerous. B. It is demanding. C. It is interesting. D. It is fairly costly. 3.What does David Water expect of Great Bustards? A. They will survive on their own. B. They will reach a population of 100. C. They will hatch 12 chicks each year. D. They will live in peace with other species. 4.What is Rona’s attitudes towards the project? A. Critical. B. Conservative. C. Supportive. D. Indifferent. 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·贵州·期中）It is well known that learning a musical instrument benefits the brain, enhancing fine motor skills and memory. But can this training also change how musicians experience pain? Pain triggers vital reactions in our bodies and brains, like pulling a hand from a hot pan. However, prolonged pain can be detrimental. If an injury causes the brain to send persistent “don't move” signals, it can disorganize the brain's “body map” — the area that controls movement — leading to increased long-term suffering and reduced mobility. Yet, individuals experience pain differently. Some people can better handle pain. To understand why, a study investigated whether musical training, with its intense practice of fine motor skills, could influence pain response. The study compared young, healthy musicians and non-musicians. To safely copy temporary muscle pain, researchers injected (注射) a harmless substance into a hand muscle, causing aching for several days, especially during movement. They mapped each participant’s brain representation of the hand before the injection, then again two and eight days later, to observe any changes caused by pain. The results revealed a clear distinction. Even before the pain, the musicians’ brain hand maps were more detailed and refined than those of non-musicians. After the pain was induced (引起) , the musicians reported feeling less overall discomfort. Crucially, while the non-musicians’ brain maps shrank (萎缩) significantly after two days of pain, the musicians’ maps remained stable and unchanged. Furthermore, a direct connection was found: the more hours a musician had spent practising, the less pain they felt. Although this was a small study of 40 people, it clearly showed that musicians’ brains respond differently to pain. Their long-term training appears to provide a buffer (缓冲) against pain’s typical negative effects, both in their subjective experience and in their brain’s motor control areas. This does not suggest music is a cure for chronic pain. However, it demonstrates that long-term, skilled training can fundamentally shape our insight of pain. These findings help explain why pain resilience varies between individuals and could inform new strategies for pain management. 1.What does the underlined word “detrimental” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Helpful. B. Harmful. C. Bearable. D. Curable. 2.How did the researchers conduct the experiment? A. By recording musicians’ daily practice intensity. B. By testing musicians’ pain tolerance in training. C. By collecting daily pain data from participants. D. By comparing participants’ brain responses to pain. 3.What was concluded about musicians’ brain hand maps after the experiment? A. They shrank to a large extent. B. They showed insignificant changes. C. They weren’t linked to musical training. D. They matched non-musicians’ post-pain. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards the result of the study? A. Supportive. B. Indifferent. C. Dismissive. D. Doubtful. 主题语境02 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·贵州省部分学校·期中）Planting trees is good for the environment. It’s a popular way to remove carbon (碳) from the air. But a new study shows that this method alone cannot offset all the planet-warming pollution, known as the emission (排放) of greenhouse gas, created by the world’s biggest fossil fuel (化石燃料) companies. To do that, we would need to plant so many trees that they would cover all of North and Central America. The researchers found that trees cannot absorb carbon as fast as these 200 large oil, gas, and coal companies produce it. There simply isn’t enough land on Earth for all the trees we would need. Also, if these companies had to pay for planting all those trees, it would cost $ 10.8 trillion. That’s more money than all these big companies are actually worth combined. “People might think planting trees is a magic solution, but it’s not,” said Nina Friggens, one of the researchers. Many companies, including fossil fuel businesses, pay for tree-planting programs to cancel out their pollution. Trees are a cheap way to do this because they naturally absorb carbon. For the study, the researchers looked at the 200 companies that own the most fossil fuels underground (like oil and coal they plan to use in the future). They calculated how much CO2 would be released if all these fuels were burned. Another scientist, Jonathan Foley, explained the results simply. He said, “Planting trees is like using a sponge (海绵) to clean up a big water spill. But if we keep spilling more and more water, the sponge won’t be able to keep up. First, we need to turn off the tap.” 1.What does the underlined word “offset” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Pick. B. Balance. C. Set. D. Switch. 2.Why does the author mention North and Central America? A. To suggest more trees should be planted in this region. B. To compare forest coverage in different continents. C. To explain where the fossil fuel companies are located. D. To show planting trees to cancel out carbon emissions is impossible. 3.What is the main reason why trees are used in cancelling out carbon? A. They are a low-cost natural solution. B. They are required by government policies. C. They are the only known method available. D. They can completely solve pollution problems. 4.What do Foley’s words mean? A. The tap should be fixed first. B. Water spills are difficult to clean down C. The source of pollution should be cut off. D. Better sponges are needed to absorb water spills. 主题语境03 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·贵州名校协作体-11月·期中）In the United States, butterflies are popular insects and have been usually counted. For many decades, thousands of volunteers have spent lots of time watching and recording them. This passion has resulted in one of the world’s best collections of insect data. However, this information came from many programs across the country, making it hard to see the whole picture. To get a clear, country- wide understanding, Colin Edwards, an ecologist at the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and a team of more than 30 butterfly researchers brought together and analyzed all these efforts. They gathered a total of 12.6 million butterfly sightings and found that since 2000, the number of butterflies in the United States has fallen by 22%, on average. Only about 39% of the 554 species (物种) examined saw their numbers increase over this time period. And 89% of those more successful species tended to be ones that live closer to human development. They also found that the decline was a very common problem. It didn’t matter much whether the butterflies were big or small, or what kind of place they lived in. Almost all of them faced difficulties over the past two decades. Researchers believe three major factors are causing this decline. The first is habitat (栖息地) loss. As natural lands are turned into farms or cities, the places where butterflies need to live and grow are becoming smaller. Second, chemicals used in modern farming also harm many species directly. Toxic sprays (有毒喷雾) on cornfields can poison adult butterflies that feed on nearby flowers, and weed- killers kill the plants that young butterflies need to eat. Finally, higher temperatures make some places too dry—for example, dry weather in California has killed the plants that monarch butterflies depend on, making them leave their homes. Addressing any of these three factors will take national or international action. This includes limiting greenhouse gas emissions (温室气体排放) and managing the use of certain pesticides (杀虫剂) . We can’t change climate change ourselves, but habitat loss is something we can really affect. 1.What do we know about the data collected before? A. It lacked a national view. B. It covered various species. C. It was managed by a research team. D. It was gathered over a short period. 2.How does the author present findings in paragraph 2? A. By listing examples. B. By providing data. C. By making comparisons. D. By giving definitions. 3.What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The harm of farming chemicals to butterflies. B. The importance of natural lands to butterflies. C. The reasons for the decrease of butterfly populations. D. The impact of climate change on butterfly populations. 4.What might the author continue talking about? A. Plans to regulate pesticide use. B. Ways to protect butterfly habitats. C. Efforts to monitor climate change. D. Methods to reduce greenhouse gases. Passage 2 （25-26高二上·贵州·期中）For a species mainly dependent on plants for food, we give plants curiously little respect. Thankfully, The Light Eaters, an absorbing book on recent discoveries in plant biology by journalist Zo Schlanger, will transform how we see not only plants but the nature of all life, strengthening our appreciation for those fascinating beings. Curiosity drives Schlanger’s narrative, who believes plant biology is a “case study” of a scientific revolution in progress. Do plants sense a wound? We feel her excitement and hesitation as she uses a tool to press a cress leaf. The plant has been genetically modified (修改) so that its cells shine gently when electrical charges pass through them. Pressed, the leaf immediately lights up. A wave of electrical activity moves until the entire plant is filled with information about the damaged leaf within seconds. Through Schlanger’s vivid description, I now understand these plants as living beings that respond to danger instantly. I am, as Schlanger writes of her own changed perspective, “regaining connection with the natural world.” Schlanger’s visits to field sites and labs leave no doubt that, conscious or not, plants sense their surroundings and make well- informed decisions. Leaves pick up the sounds of chewing caterpillars and take appropriate chemical defenses. Flowers sweeten their nectar when they sense pollinators like bees flying by. Plants seem to use memory to adjust their growth and even minute-by-minute presentation of pollen. Reading about her pursuit of plant wonder, I felt an ever-increasing sense of admiration and affection for plants. Understanding plants' intelligence reframes our everyday experience of eating plants or seeing them growing out of a crack. In an age when we often feel distant from a living world in crisis, it is good to be reminded that other species have initiatives (主动性), flexible to handle tricky situations. Having thrived on Earth for half a billion years, plants have not only intelligence but wisdom about how to flourish in the face of change. 1.What is a feature of The Light Eaters according to the text? A. It focuses on threats to plants. B. It is targeted at plant biologists. C. It is packed with scientific terms. D. It helps us relate to the natural world. 2.How does the genetically modified cress leaf react in the experiment? A. It sends out special chemicals immediately. B. The composition of its cells changes slightly. C. The shape of the leaf is damaged completely. D. The cells of the leaf give out faint light instantly. 3.What can we learn from the examples given in paragraph 3? A. Plants act accordingly on the environment. B. Leaves defend against enemies passively. C. Flowers release chemicals for self-protection. D. Plants keep a steady growth rate for survival. 4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To share an experience. B. To recommend a book. C. To present an experiment. D. To prove an assumption. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题02阅读理解（说明文） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.B2.C3.D4C 主题语境02人与社会-科学与技术 【答案】1.A2.D3.C4B 主题语境03人与自我-生活与学习 【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.A 主题语境04人与自然-灾害防范 【答案】1.A2.B3.D4.A 主题语境05人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.A Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.C3.C4.C 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.A2.B3.C4D 1/3 函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 主题语境02人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 【答案】1.B2.A3.A4.B 主题语境03人与社会-科学与技术 【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.A 主题语境04人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.D Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.C3.B4.D Passage 3 【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.C 主题语境05人与自然-环境 【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.B 主题语境06人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.A Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.C 》 拓展培优 主题语境01人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 【答案】1.B2.D3.B4.A 213 函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 主题语境02人与自然-环境 【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.C 主题语境03人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.B Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.D3.A4.B 3/3 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高一上·贵州黔西南州普安县第一中学·期中）In today’s world, many young people spend a lot of time on screens. They watch videos, play games, and chat with friends on their phones or computers. While technology is useful, too much screen time can be bad for both physical and mental health. Firstly, looking at screens for a long time can hurt your eyes and make it difficult to sleep well at night. The light from screens tricks your brain into thinking it is still daytime. Secondly, when you are sitting and watching a screen, you are not moving your body. This may lead to weight gain and other health problems. Thirdly, spending too much time in the online world can sometimes make people feel lonely or anxious in the real world. So, what is a healthy amount of screen time? Doctors suggest that young people should have no more than two hours of screen time for fun each day. It is important to take breaks, like the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds. Try to find other activities you enjoy, such as reading a book, playing a sport, or talking face-to-face with family and friends. Balancing screen time with other activities will help you live a happier and healthier life. 1.How can screen light affect sleep? A. It makes people dream more. B. It makes the brain think it’s daytime. C. It makes people feel too tired to sleep. D. It makes the room too bright. 2.What is the 20-20-20 rule? A. Spend 20 minutes online and 20 minutes offline every day. B. Play games for 20 minutes and then rest for 20 seconds. C. Every 20 minutes, look into the distance for 20 seconds. D. Only watch videos that are 20 minutes long. 3.What does the author suggest young people do? A. Use technology as much as they want. B. Spend more time on outdoor activities. C. Only use computers for studying. D. Balance screen time with other activities. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards screen time? A. It is completely harmful. B. It should be strictly controlled. C. It is necessary but needs to be managed. D. It is more important than other activities. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了过多屏幕时间对年轻人身心健康的危害及如何健康使用屏幕。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The light from screens tricks your brain into thinking it is still daytime.(屏幕发出的光会让你的大脑误以为现在还是白天)”可知，屏幕的光线会让大脑误以为现在是白天，从而影响睡眠。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“It is important to take breaks, like the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds.(休息很重要，比如20-20-20法则：每20分钟，看20英尺外的东西20秒)”可知，20-20-20规则是每20分钟看20英尺外的东西20秒。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Balancing screen time with other activities will help you live a happier and healthier life.(平衡屏幕时间和其他活动将帮助你过上更快乐、更健康的生活)”可知，作者建议年轻人平衡屏幕时间和其他活动。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中“While technology is useful, too much screen time can be bad for both physical and mental health.(虽然科技很有用，但过多的屏幕时间对身心健康都有害)”和最后一段中“Balancing screen time with other activities will help you live a happier and healthier life.(平衡屏幕时间和其他活动将帮助你过上更快乐、更健康的生活)”可知，作者认为屏幕时间是必要的，但需要管理。故选C。 主题语境02 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高二上·贵州省部分学校·期中）Construction robots are not new. They have been doing difficult jobs on building sites for some time. Now, there is a new robot named Charlotte. It is said that this robot can build a 2,150-square-foot house all by itself in just one day. It works as fast as about 100 human workers. Charlotte was created by two Australian companies. One company developed a special, environmentally friendly building material. This material is made from sand, waste glass, and broken bricks found locally. The other company built the robot. Traditional building needs a lot of steps, like fixing steel bars (钢筋) and setting up wooden frames (框架). But Charlotte is different. It uses a special system to 3D print the building material, layer (层) by layer. It can even move and lift itself up using its “spider legs”. All this is done by one machine in a single, continuous process. The robot is still being developed. It will probably take a few years before it builds its first real house. A smaller early model was shown at a recent exhibition. The companies have big dreams for Charlotte. They hope it will not only build houses on Earth in the future but also help build bases for research on the Moon. They say its design, which copies ideas from nature, and its ability to work alone make it perfect for the Moon. While Charlotte seems best for simple building styles right now, its main goal is to help with two big problems: not enough workers and slow building progress. These problems make it hard to solve the housing shortage in many countries. The houses it builds can keep out floods and resist fire. The building process is much faster and cheaper than traditional methods. If the materials are taken from nearby places, it can also be better for the environment by reducing carbon emissions. Of course, this robot builder won’t be the right solution for every place, climate, or what every person likes, But for the millions of people who need a home, it sounds like a very hopeful way to help solve part of the problem. 1.Which aspect of Charlotte is mentioned in paragraph 1? A. Its amazing work efficiency. B. Its widespread application. C. Its environmental quality. D. Its convenient operation. 2.How is Charlotte’s building process different from traditional methods? A. It needs more time. B. It requires more workers. C. It focuses on wooden structures. D. It uses a single continuous process. 3.What future application do the companies expect of Charlotte? A. Repairing historical buildings. B. Developing new building materials. C. Building research bases on the Moon. D. Creating artistic statues for famous people. 4.What is the author’s attitude to the robot builder? A. Critical. B. Positive. C. Doubtful D. Uncaring. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文，介绍新型建筑机器人Charlotte，其高效的建筑能力，研发背景、独特的建筑流程，还提及目前的研发进展与未来应用愿景，最后分析其在解决劳动力不足、建筑进度慢等问题上的优势及局限性。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“It is said that this robot can build a 2,150-square-foot house all by itself in just one day. It works as fast as about 100 human workers.(据说这个机器人仅用一天时间就能独自建造一座2150平方英尺的房子。它的工作速度相当于大约100名人类工人。)”可知，第一段重点提及了Charlotte惊人的工作效率。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Traditional building needs a lot of steps, like fixing steel bars (钢筋) and setting up wooden frames (框架). But Charlotte is different. It uses a special system to 3D print the building material, layer (层) by layer. It can even move and lift itself up using its “spider legs”. All this is done by one machine in a single, continuous process.(传统建筑需要很多步骤，比如固定钢筋和搭建木框架。但Charlotte不同。它使用一种特殊系统将建筑材料逐层3D打印出来。它甚至可以用“蜘蛛腿”移动和提升自己。所有这些都由一台机器在一个单一的、连续的过程中完成。)”可知，Charlotte的建筑流程与传统方法的不同之处在于它采用单一的连续流程。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“They hope it will not only build houses on Earth in the future but also help build bases for research on the Moon.(他们希望未来它不仅能在地球上建造房屋，还能帮助在月球上建造研究基地。)”可知，研发公司期望Charlotte未来能在月球上建造研究基地。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段对Charlotte优势的阐述，如解决劳动力不足和建筑进度慢的问题、建造的房屋能防洪防火、建筑过程更快更便宜且更环保，以及最后一段“ But for the millions of people who need a home, it sounds like a very hopeful way to help solve part of the problem.(但对于数百万需要住房的人来说，这似乎是帮助解决部分问题的一种非常有希望的方式。)”可知，作者对这款建筑机器人持积极态度。故选B。 主题语境03 人与自我-生活与学习 （25-26高一上·贵州镇宁民族中学·期中）The Development of American and British English: Why Language Learning Matters American and British English, two major variants of English, have unique development histories. British English has developed over centuries, shaped by Celtic, Germanic, and French influences. After the American Revolution (1775-1783), in order to adapt to social development and people’s needs, American English began to diverge (分化). Noah Webster, known for “Webster’s Dictionary,” simplified spellings to create a distinct American language identity. Today, these variants differ in spelling, vocabulary, and pronunciation. For example, “lift” in British English is “elevator” in American English, and “autumn” becomes “fall”. A 2023 study by the British Council found that over 1.5 billion people worldwide speak English, with 40% using American English and 35% British English. This shows their global importance. Dr. Emma Clark, a linguistics expert at Oxford University, once said, “Learning both American and British English opens doors to more opportunities in education, work, and culture.” In a world connected by the internet, understanding both variants helps avoid misunderstandings. For students, it makes it easier to read books from different countries or communicate with international classmates. In short, studying the history of American and British English helps us understand language evolution. More importantly, it reminds us that language learning is key to global communication and personal growth. 1.Who helped create a distinct American English identity by simplifying spellings? A. Dr. Emma Clark. B. Noah Webster. C. The British Council. D. Oxford University researchers. 2.What is “elevator” called in British English according to the passage? A. Fall. B. Color. C. Lift. D. Autumn. 3.What does Dr. Emma Clark think about learning both American and British English? A. It is a waste of time for students around the world. B. It helps with education, work, and culture chances. C. It makes language learning more difficult. D. It is only useful for internet communication. 4.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A. To make readers aware of the importance of learning English. B. To help readers have a complete understanding of English learning. C. To explain the differences between American and British English. D. To encourage more readers to work on various language research. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美式英语和英式英语的发展历程，指出两者在拼写、词汇等方面的差异，并强调语言学习对全球沟通和个人成长的重要性。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Noah Webster, known for “Webster’s Dictionary,” simplified spellings to create a distinct American language identity.(以《韦氏词典》闻名的诺亚・韦伯斯特简化了拼写，塑造了独特的美式英语特色)”可知，通过简化拼写帮助塑造独特美式英语特色的人是诺亚・韦伯斯特。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“For example, “lift” in British English is “elevator” in American English, and “autumn” becomes “fall”.(例如，英式英语中的“lift”在美式英语中是“elevator”，“autumn”在美式英语中变成“fall”)”可知，美式英语中的“elevator”在英式英语中被称为“lift”。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Dr. Emma Clark, a linguistics expert at Oxford University, once said, “Learning both American and British English opens doors to more opportunities in education, work, and culture.”(牛津大学语言学专家艾玛・克拉克博士曾说：“学习美式英语和英式英语能为人们打开更多教育、工作和文化领域的机会之门。”)”可知，艾玛・克拉克博士认为学习这两种英语变体有助于获得教育、工作和文化方面的机会。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文，并根据最后一段“In short, studying the history of American and British English helps us understand language evolution. More importantly, it reminds us that language learning is key to global communication and personal growth.(总之，研究美式英语和英式英语的历史有助于我们理解语言的演变。更重要的是，它提醒我们，语言学习是全球沟通和个人成长的关键)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是让读者认识到学习英语的重要性。故选A。 主题语境04 人与自然-灾害防范 （25-26高一上·贵州县中新学校·期中）A large flood caused by heavy rains and melting mountain snow recently hit America’s Yellowstone National Park. It caused widespread damage and resulted in many changes. It changed the path of a river popular for fishing and also devastated hundreds of homes, bridges and roadways in nearby communities. It drove more than 10, 000 visitors out of the park. Luckily, no one was reported hurt. However, the park could remain closed for up to one week. The water also washed away camp structures, flooded small towns and cut power to parts of southern Montana and northern Wyoming. The Yellowstone River was running at a historically high level of 4. 9 meters as it flowed past Billings, Montana’s largest city. The city got its water from the river and was forced to close its treatment plant (工厂) because it couldn’t operate effectively with water levels that high. Billings officials said the city only had a 24-hour supply of water. They were asking people to save water until the river could drop and the plant could restart operations. Yellowstone officials said, “The northern half of the park is likely to remain closed over the summer. This will greatly affect local economies that depend on summer tourists. But we have faith in the park repairs and economic recovery.” 1.What does the underlined word “devastated” mean in Paragraph 2? A. Ruined. B. Promoted. C. Challenged. D. Demanded. 2.What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A. The flood lasted quite long. B. The flood left bad effects. C. The flood was caused for some reasons. D. The flood killed 10, 000 visitors. 3.What happened to the treatment plant in Billings after the flood? A. It needed new equipment to supply water. B. It cut down the city’s water supply for 24 hours. C. It was forced to operate in 24 hours. D. It stopped working. 4.What’s the Yellowstone officials’ attitude to the park repairs and economic recovery? A. Positive. B. Doubtful. C. Uncertain. D. Curious. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. D　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国黄石公园遭遇大洪水造成的破坏和影响。 (1)题解析： 词义猜测题。根据第一段“It caused widespread damage and resulted in many changes.(它造成了广泛的破坏，并导致了许多变化)”及第二段划线词后文“hundreds of homes, bridges and roadways in nearby communities(附近社区数百座房屋、桥梁和道路)”可推知，devastated意思与“毁坏”ruined相近。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It changed the path of a river popular for fishing and also devastated hundreds of homes, bridges and roadways in nearby communities. It drove more than 10, 000 visitors out of the park. Luckily, no one was reported hurt. However, the park could remain closed for up to one week. The water also washed away camp structures, flooded small towns and cut power to parts of southern Montana and northern Wyoming.(它改变了一条常用于捕鱼的河流的路径，也毁掉了附近社区的数百座房屋、桥梁和道路。它把一万多名游客赶出了公园。幸运的是，没有人受伤。然而，该公园可能会关闭长达一周。洪水还冲毁了营地建筑，淹没了小城镇，并切断了蒙大拿州南部和怀俄明州北部部分地区的电力供应)”可知，洪水产生了恶劣的影响。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The city got its water from the river and was forced to close its treatment plant (工厂) because it couldn’t operate effectively with water levels that high.(该市从这条河取水，并被迫关闭了处理厂，因为它无法在如此高的水位下有效运行)”可知，比林斯市的处理厂由于洪水被强行关闭。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The northern half of the park is likely to remain closed over the summer. This will greatly affect local economies that depend on summer tourists. But we have faith in the park repairs and economic recovery.(整个夏天，公园的北半部可能会继续关闭。这将对依赖夏季游客的地方经济产生巨大影响。但我们对公园的修复和经济复苏有信心)”可推知，黄石的官员对于公园维修和经济复苏仍然持有积极态度。故选A。 主题语境05 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高三上·贵州贵阳第一中学·期中）Ants in Florida perform life- saving surgery on their peers, scientists have discovered. They are the only known animals besides humans to do this. Researchers found that Florida carpenter ants identify leg wounds on their nestmates and treat them with either cleaning or amputation (截肢). The study was published in Current Biology.“When we’ re talking about amputation behavior, this is literally the only case in which an advanced and systematic amputation of an individual by another member of its species occurs in the animal kingdom,”said lead author Erik Frank, a behavioral ecologist at the University ofWürzburg in Germany. In 2023, Frank’s team discovered that African ants treat infected wounds with antimicrobial (杀菌的) substances from their organs. Florida carpenter ants (木匠蚁) do not have such organs, so the researchers wanted to learn how they treat wounds. They examined two types of leg injuries: lacerations on the femur (大腿骨) and those on the tibia (lower leg). Ants treated femur wounds by cleaning, followed by amputation using repeated bites. Tibia wounds were only cleaned. The surgeries improved survival significantly. For femur injuries, survival rose from under40% to 90-95% with amputation. For tibia injuries, cleaning raised survival from 15% to 75%. Amputation likely works for femur wounds because muscle damage slows blood flow, giving ants time to act. In tibia injuries, infections spread faster due to less muscle, making amputation too slow to help.“The ants are able to diagnose a wound, see if it’s infected or bacteria- free and treat it accordingly — the only medical system that can compare that would be the human one,”Frank said. The ants’ ability appears to be built- in. Researchers are now studying whether other ant species without special organs can perform similar surgeries. 1.What is the main discovery about Florida carpenter ants? A. Their ways to find food. B. Their social group rules. C. Their use of body chemicals. D. Their skills to treat wounds. 2.How do Florida carpenter ants deal with lower leg wounds? A. By leaving it alone. B. By cutting the leg off. C. By cleaning the wound. D. Using special liquids. 3.Why does leg- cutting work for upper leg wounds? A. Ants can bite better there. B. Germs spread more slowly there. C. Upper legs can fix themselves better. D. Cleaning doesn’t work on upper legs. 4.What is true about the ants’ medical skills according to the text? A. They are innate to ants. B. They change with seasons. C. They are taught by leaders. D. They are learned from practice. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍科学家发现佛罗里达木匠蚁会为同伴实施伤口清洁或截肢手术，是除人类外唯一有此行为的动物。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Ants in Florida perform life-saving surgery on their peers, scientists have discovered.(科学家发现，佛罗里达的蚂蚁会为同伴实施救命手术)”及第二段中的“Researchers found that Florida carpenter ants identify leg wounds on their nestmates and treat them with either cleaning or amputation.(研究发现，佛罗里达木匠蚁能识别同伴的腿部伤口，并通过清洁或截肢进行治疗)”可知，关于佛罗里达木匠蚁的主要发现是它们治疗伤口的技能。故选D项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They examined two types of leg injuries: lacerations on the femur (大腿骨) and those on the tibia (lower leg). Ants treated femur wounds by cleaning, followed by amputation using repeated bites. Tibia wounds were only cleaned.(他们研究了两种腿部伤口：大腿骨撕裂伤和胫骨（小腿）撕裂伤。蚂蚁通过清洁治疗大腿骨伤口，随后反复叮咬进行截肢；胫骨伤口仅进行清洁处理)”可知，佛罗里达木匠蚁对小腿（胫骨）伤口的处理方式是清洁伤口。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Amputation likely works for femur wounds because muscle damage slows blood flow, giving ants time to act. In tibia injuries, infections spread faster due to less muscle, making amputation too slow to help.(截肢对大腿骨伤口有效可能是因为肌肉损伤会减缓血液流动，给蚂蚁足够的行动时间；而胫骨伤口因肌肉较少，感染扩散更快，截肢已来不及发挥作用。）可知，大腿骨伤口处感染扩散较慢，所以截肢手术有效。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The ants’ ability appears to be built-in.(蚂蚁的这种能力似乎是天生的)”可知，蚂蚁的医疗技能是与生俱来的，“innate”与“built-in”为同义替换。故选A项。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·贵州黔西南州普安县第一中学·期中）Bees are some of the most important insects in the world. They do not just make honey; they also help plants grow. How do they do that? They pollinate (授粉) flowers. When a bee lands on a flower to collect sweet liquid called nectar, pollen from the flower sticks to the bee’s body. Then the bee flies to another flower. Some of the pollen falls off, which helps the plant produce fruit and seeds. Without bees, many of the foods we eat every day would disappear. Apples, almonds, and even coffee need bees to grow. However, bees are now in danger. The use of pesticides (杀虫剂), loss of wild flowers, and diseases are making their population drop quickly. This is a big problem for our environment and our food. We can all help save the bees. Planting more flowers in gardens, reducing the use of pesticides, and buying honey from local beekeepers are good ways to start. Remember, helping bees means helping ourselves. 1.How do bees help plants according to the text? A. By eating harmful insects. B. By carrying pollen between flowers. C. By protecting plants from diseases. D. By bringing water to plants. 2.According to the passage, what is the main reason bees fly from one flower to another? A. To produce sweet honey for people. B. To find a safe place to rest. C. To collect nectar from the flowers. D. To protect plants from diseases. 3.Which of the following is NOT a reason for the drop in the bee population? A. The use of pesticides. B. Not enough food sources. C. Cold weather in winter. D. Diseases. 4.What can we do to help save bees? A. Plant more trees. B. Buy honey from supermarkets. C. Grow more flowers in gardens. D. Keep bees as pets. 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. C　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍蜜蜂的重要作用——为植物授粉，还说明蜜蜂面临的生存危机及人们可采取的保护措施。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When a bee lands on a flower to collect sweet liquid called nectar, pollen from the flower sticks to the bee’s body. Then the bee flies to another flower. Some of the pollen falls off, which helps the plant produce fruit and seeds.(当蜜蜂落在花朵上采集一种叫做花蜜的甜味液体时，花朵上的花粉会粘在蜜蜂的身体上。然后蜜蜂飞到另一朵花上，一部分花粉掉落下来，这有助于植物结出果实和种子)”可知，蜜蜂通过在花朵间携带花粉，帮助植物繁殖，这是它们帮助植物的方式。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When a bee lands on a flower to collect sweet liquid called nectar, pollen from the flower sticks to the bee’s body. Then the bee flies to another flower.(当蜜蜂落在花朵上采集一种叫做花蜜的甜味液体时，花朵上的花粉会粘在蜜蜂的身体上。然后蜜蜂飞到另一朵花上)”可知，蜜蜂从一朵花飞到另一朵花的主要原因是采集花蜜。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The use of pesticides (杀虫剂), loss of wild flowers, and diseases are making their population drop quickly.(杀虫剂的使用、野花的消失以及疾病正导致它们的数量迅速减少)”可知，蜜蜂数量减少的原因包括杀虫剂使用、食物来源（野花）不足和疾病，“冬季寒冷天气”并非文中提到的原因。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“We can all help save the bees. Planting more flowers in gardens, reducing the use of pesticides, and buying honey from local beekeepers are good ways to start.(我们都可以帮助拯救蜜蜂。在花园里种更多的花、减少杀虫剂的使用以及从当地养蜂人那里购买蜂蜜都是不错的开始方式)”可知，在花园里种更多花是帮助拯救蜜蜂的方法之一。故选C项。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高三上·贵州贵阳第一中学·期中）If a stranger offered you a free cookie, you might eat it. But what if they also offered $2? You might decline and think, “Something smells fishy.” A study found people often reject offers like “free money,” unusually high salaries, or cheap services because they seem “too good to be true.” The research bridges economics and psychology to explain why financial rewards backfire. In the initial experiment, nearly 40% of participants ate a free cookie, compared with about 20% of those also offered $2. “People typically imagine something unpleasant happened to the cookie,” says study lead author Andrew J. Vonasch at the University of Canterbury. Nine further experiments with over 4,000 participants explored similar situations, such as offers of money for rides home, unusually high wages, and cheap flights. In all cases, greater financial gain reduced acceptance rates beyond a certain limit. Vonasch explains this goes against the “standard economic model,” which assumes people always seek to maximize benefits. Instead, offers are viewed as social interactions where violations (违背) of norms, like unexplained generosity, create “phantom costs” — imagined negative results that lower an offer’s “psychological value.” Rachel McCloy, a psychologist at the University of Reading, says overgenerosity may be avoided to escape feeling indebted, supporting the saying “there’s no such thing as a free lunch.” Another experiment found distrustful individuals inferred more ghost costs. Researchers showed this effect could be mitigated by providing a reason for the deal. The “cheapflights” experiment included a condition where seats were stated to be uncomfortable.“Uncomfortable seats aren’t typically a selling point,” Vonasch says. “But telling people the seats were uncomfortable made them more willing to take them because it was a reasonable explanation.” The scientists are now exploring whether ghost costs affect interactions with robots and AI. “If AI is overly generous, will people imagine ghost costs?” Vonasch says. “People tend to humanize AI and treat AI agents as if they have a mind, when obviously they don’t.” 1.Why did fewer people accept the cookie with $2? A. They suspected a hidden trick. B. They already had enough money. C. They disliked the taste of cookies. D. They wished to avoid future debts. 2.According to the text, what leads to “phantom costs”? A. Memories of past unpleasant events. B. Generous acts without clear reasons. C. A person’s naturally questioning nature. D. Physical discomfort in the environment. 3.What does “mitigated” in paragraph 5 mean? A. Ignored. B. Worsened. C. Lessened. D. Understood. 4.Which saying best reflects the finding of paragraph 5? A. Look before you leap. B. Better safe than sorry. C. Money isn’t everything. D. Honesty is the best policy. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究发现人们会因“隐藏成本”而拒绝看似诱人的经济奖励，并探讨了原因及应对方法。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“If a stranger offered you a free cookie, you might eat it. But what if they also offered $2? You might decline and think, “Something smells fishy.”(如果一个陌生人给你一块免费饼干，你可能会吃掉它。但要是对方还给你2美元呢？你可能会拒绝，心想：“这事儿有点不对劲。)”以及第二段中“In the initial experiment, nearly 40% of participants ate a free cookie, compared with about 20% of those also offered $2.“People typically imagine something unpleasant happened to the cookie,” says study lead author Andrew J. Vonasch at the University of Canterbury.(在最初的实验中，近40%的参与者吃了免费的饼干，而那些同时得到2美元的人中只有约20%吃了饼干。坎特伯雷大学的研究主要作者Andrew J. Vonasch说：“人们通常会想象饼干发生了什么不愉快的事情。”)”可知，更少的人接受带有2美元的饼干是因为他们怀疑有隐藏的诡计。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Nine further experiments with over 4,000 participants explored similar situations, such as offers of money for rides home, unusually high wages, and cheap flights.(后续又进行了九项实验，参与人数超过4000人，这些实验探索了类似的情况，比如提供搭车回家的钱、异常高的工资以及廉价航班等。)”和“Instead, offers are viewed as social interactions where violations (违背) of norms, like unexplained generosity, create“phantom costs” — imagined negative results that lower an offer’s “psychological value.”(相反，提议被视为社会互动，其中违反规范的行为，如无法解释的慷慨，会产生“隐藏成本”——想象中的负面结果，降低了提议的“心理价值”。)”可知，没有明确原因的慷慨行为导致了“虚假成本”。故选B。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第五段中“Another experiment found distrustful individuals inferred more ghost costs. Researchers showed this effect could be mitigated by providing a reason for the deal. The “cheapflights” experiment included a condition where seats were stated to be uncomfortable.“Uncomfortable seats aren’t typically a selling point,” Vonasch says. “But telling people the seats were uncomfortable made them more willing to take them because it was a reasonable explanation.”(另一项实验发现，多疑的人会推断出更多的隐藏成本。研究人员表明，通过提供交易的理由这种影响可以mitigated。在“廉价航班”实验中，有一种情况是告知参与者座位不舒服。Vonasch说：“不舒服的座位通常不是一个卖点。但告诉人们座位不舒服会让他们更愿意乘坐，因为这是一个合理的解释。”)”可知，前文提到“多疑的人会推断出更多的隐藏成本”，下文提到提供一个合理的解释会让人更愿意乘坐廉价航班，这种从“更多”到“更愿意接受”的转变表明“mitigated”指向效应的减轻。故mitigated意思是“减轻”。A. Ignored忽视；B. Worsened恶化；C. Lessened减轻；D. Understood理解。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Another experiment found distrustful individuals inferred more ghost costs. Researchers showed this effect could be mitigated by providing a reason for the deal. The “cheapflights” experiment included a condition where seats were stated to be uncomfortable.“Uncomfortable seats aren’t typically a selling point,” Vonasch says. “But telling people the seats were uncomfortable made them more willing to take them because it was a reasonable explanation.”(另一项实验发现，多疑的人会推断出更多的虚假成本。研究人员表明，通过提供交易的理由可以减轻这种影响。在“廉价航班”实验中，有一种情况是告知参与者座位不舒服。Vonasch说：“不舒服的座位通常不是一个卖点。但告诉人们座位不舒服会让他们更愿意乘坐，因为这是一个合理的解释。”)”可知，坦诚说明交易背后的原因能消除疑虑，体现了“诚实是最好的策略”。A. Look before you leap.三思而后行；B. Better safe than sorry.安全总比后悔好；C. Money isn’t everything.金钱不是一切；D. Honesty is the best policy.诚实是最好的策略。故选D。 主题语境02 人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通 （25-26高一上·贵州镇宁民族中学·期中）The Unseen Bonds of Friendship Friendship is universally celebrated as a cornerstone of a happy life, providing us with comfort, joy, and a vital support system. Yet, the path of friendship is rarely straightforward. It is often through its inevitable challenges, transformations, and even its endings that we acquire our most profound lessons about trust, personal growth, and the essence of human connection. In today’s digital world, the idea of friendship has expanded. Social media allows us to have hundreds of online “friends.” Yet, studies show that people with large online networks often feel lonely. This highlights a key point: quantity cannot replace quality. True friendship is built on shared experiences, trust, and meaningful conversations. These essential elements are often missing in the fast-paced world of online interaction. Furthermore, friendships naturally change as we grow. The close friend from your primary school may not remain your best friend in high school. This change is a natural part of life’s journey, not a sign of failure. These friendships were precious for their time. Learning to accept this change, though difficult, helps us appreciate the memories and continue our personal growth. Sometimes, friendship involves pain, such as when trust is broken. While deeply hurtful, such experiences can teach us about our own values and needs. They help us establish healthy personal boundaries and reflect on what kind of friend we want to be. In conclusion, friendship is a rich and complex journey. It is not defined solely by laughter and support but also by its capacity to educate and strengthen us through difficulty. By navigating its entire landscape, we develop crucial life skills like empathy and resilience (复原力), and gain a deeper appreciation for the invisible, unseen bonds that truly tie us to one another. 1.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Social media’s negative impact. B. Learning from friendship’s ups and downs. C. The need to end growing-apart friendships. D. Friendship as the key to happiness. 2.Why might people with large online networks feel lonely? A. They focus on quantity over quality in relationships. B. They often have more arguments online. C. They lack digital communication skills. D. They prefer traditional face-to-face contact. 3.What is the author’s view on friendships that change over time? A. It is a natural and acceptable part of life. B. It signifies a failed relationship. C. It shows a lack of mutual effort. D. It prevents new relationships from forming. 4.According to the passage, what can a painful experience with a friend teach us? A. To avoid making close friends. B. Our own values and the need for boundaries. C. That trust is not important in friendship. D. To forget past friendships completely. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了友谊的复杂性和重要性，强调了友谊中的挑战、变化和结束对个人成长和理解的深刻影响。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段“It is often through its inevitable challenges, transformations, and even its endings that we acquire our most profound lessons about trust, personal growth, and the essence of human connection.(往往是通过它不可避免的挑战、转变，甚至结束，我们才能获得关于信任、个人成长和人类联系本质的最深刻的教训。)”和最后一段“In conclusion, friendship is a rich and complex journey.(总之，友谊是一段丰富而复杂的旅程。)”可知，文章主要讲述了友谊的复杂性和重要性，强调了从友谊的起起落落中学习。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“This highlights a key point: quantity cannot replace quality. True friendship is built on shared experiences, trust, and meaningful conversations.(这突出了一个关键点：数量不能代替质量。真正的友谊建立在共同的经历、信任和有意义的对话之上。)”可知，拥有大量在线社交网络的人会感到孤独是因为他们在人际关系中重数量而轻质量。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“This change is a natural part of life’s journey, not a sign of failure. These friendships were precious for their time.(这种变化是人生旅程中自然的一部分，而不是失败的标志。这些友谊在当时是珍贵的。)”可知，作者认为随时间变化的友谊是生活中自然且可接受的一部分。故选A。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“While deeply hurtful, such experiences can teach us about our own values and needs. They help us establish healthy personal boundaries and reflect on what kind of friend we want to be.(虽然这种经历非常伤人，但它可以让我们了解自己的价值观和需求。它们帮助我们建立健康的个人界限，并反思我们想成为什么样的朋友。)”可知，与朋友的一次痛苦经历能教会我们认清自己的价值观和建立个人界限的必要性。故选B。 主题语境03 人与社会-科学与技术 （25-26高二上·贵州县中新学校·期中）In recent years, a new type of energy-storing device called the “supercapacitor” has been attracting more and more attention. Supercapacitors are different from traditional batteries in many ways. They can charge and discharge much faster than batteries. For example, a traditional battery may take several hours to fully charge, while a supercapacitor can be charged in a matter of seconds or minutes. Supercapacitors also have a longer lifespan. They can withstand a large number of charge-discharge cycles without significant degradation in performance. This makes them very suitable for applications where frequent charging and discharging are required, such as in electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. In electric vehicles, supercapacitors can be used to store the energy generated during braking. This energy can then be reused to power the vehicle, improving the vehicle’s energy efficiency. In renewable energy systems like wind and solar power, supercapacitors can store the excess energy generated during peak production times and release it when the energy production is low. However, supercapacitors also have some limitations. Their energy density is currently lower than that of traditional batteries, which means they can’t store as much energy per unit volume. But scientists are constantly researching and developing new materials and technologies to improve the energy density of supercapacitors. 1.How is a supercapacitor different from a traditional battery? A. It is more expensive. B. It can charge and discharge faster. C. It is heavier. D. It has a lower power output. 2.The underlined word “degradation” in the second paragraph probably means “______”. A. improvement B. change C. increase D. decline 3.In which field can supercapacitors be used to store braking-generated energy? A. In the field of home appliances. B. In the field of communication. C. In the field of electric vehicles. D. In the field of aerospace. 4.What does the passage mainly talk about? A. The advantages and disadvantages of supercapacitors. B. The comparison between supercapacitors and traditional batteries. C. The applications of supercapacitors in electric vehicles. D. The research and development of supercapacitors. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了超级电容器这种新型储能装置，包括其与传统电池的差异、优缺点以及应用领域。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Supercapacitors are different from traditional batteries in many ways. They can charge and discharge much faster than batteries.(超级电容器在许多方面不同于传统电池。它们比电池充电和放电的速度快得多)”可知，超级电容器与传统电池的不同之处在于它充电和放电的速度更快。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Supercapacitors also have a longer lifespan. They can withstand a large number of charge-discharge cycles without significant degradation in performance. This makes them very suitable for applications where frequent charging and discharging are required, such as in electric vehicles and renewable energy systems.(超级电容器的寿命也更长。它们可以经受大量的充放电循环，而性能不会有明显的degradation。这使得它们非常适合需要频繁充电和放电的应用，例如电动汽车和可再生能源系统)”可知，超级电容器可以经受大量的充放电循环，且非常适合需要频繁充电和放电的应用，由此可推测其性能也不会因为频繁充电和放电出现明显的下降。故划线词degradation意为“下降，衰退”，与D项“decline”意思相近。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“In electric vehicles, supercapacitors can be used to store the energy generated during braking.(在电动汽车中，超级电容器可以用来储存制动过程中产生的能量)”可知，超级电容器可以用来储存制动产生的能量的领域是电动汽车领域。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“In recent years, a new type of energy-storing device called the “supercapacitor” has been attracting more and more attention. Supercapacitors are different from traditional batteries in many ways. They can charge and discharge much faster than batteries.(近年来，一种名为“超级电容器”的新型储能装置吸引了越来越多的关注。超级电容器在许多方面不同于传统电池。它们的充放电速度比电池快得多)”、第二段中“Supercapacitors also have a longer lifespan.(超级电容器的寿命也更长)”、第三段中“In electric vehicles, supercapacitors can be used to store the energy generated during braking.(在电动汽车中，超级电容器可用于储存制动过程中产生的能量)”和第四段中“However, supercapacitors also have some limitations. Their energy density is currently lower than that of traditional batteries, which means they can’t store as much energy per unit volume.(然而，超级电容器也有一些局限性。它们的能量密度目前低于传统电池，这意味着它们不能在单位体积上储存那么多能量)”可知，文章通过与传统电池相对比，全面地介绍了超级电容器的优势(如充电放电速度快、寿命长、可储存制动过程中产生的能量)和劣势(如能量密度较低)。故选B项。 主题语境04 人与自我-生活与学习 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·贵州黔东南部分校联考·期中）Research often points to exercise as a good way to improve mental health, but a recent study from the University of Georgia suggests that it’s not just physical movement that affects mental health. It’s how, where and why you exercise that makes the difference. “In previous (以前的) research, physical-activity research has focused on how long someone exercises for or how many calories are burned,” said Patrick O’Connor, co-author of the study. “The amount of exercise has been the main way researchers have tried to understand how physical activity might influence mental health, while often ignoring whether those minutes were spent exercising with a friend or as part of a game.” Many studies found that people who take part in regular leisure-time physical activity, like going for a run, taking a yoga class or biking for fun, tend to report lower levels of anxiety. But while leisure-time physical activity offers better mental health outcomes, these benefits may vary greatly depending on the environment of the activity, according to the researchers. “For example, if a soccer player runs down the field and kicks the game-winning ball, their mental health is fantastic,” O’Connor said. “In contrast, if you do the exact same exercise but miss the goal and people are blaming (责备) you, you likely feel very differently.” Many studies also showed that adopting regular exercise routines improved mental health, especially for individuals with existing mental health disorders. However, these studies were typically based on similar samples, so the results aren’t probably suitable for more diverse groups. “If we’re trying to help people’s mental health through exercise, then not only do we need to think about the amount and the mode, we also need to ask: What is the context (背景)?” O’Connor said. For O’Connor, the key point is clear. It’s not just movement that matters. It’s the meaning, the context and the experience of the activity that determine the influence of exercise on mental health. 1.What has been largely overlooked in previous research? A. The length and type of exercise. B. The social environment of physical activity. C. The number of calories burned during exercise. D. The physical health outcomes of regular exercise. 2.What can we learn from the soccer player example? A. Winning ensures mental health benefits. B. Playing football can improve mental health. C. Blame from others leads to bad mental health. D. Context matters in how exercise affects mental health. 3.What does O’Connor suggest scientists do? A. Avoid studying people with mental health disorders. B. Focus more on the amount of exercise in future studies. C. Pay attention to the context of exercise in their research. D. Prove what is the real effect of exercise on mental health. 4.Which situation best matches the “context effect” described in the text? A. Lily buys lighter running shoes and runs faster. B. Ben sleeps nine hours the night after swimming. C. Mary loses 2 kg after jogging 5 km every day for a month. D. Tom feels great cycling with friends but bored when cycling alone. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍乔治亚大学的研究表明，运动对心理健康的影响不仅取决于运动量，还与运动的方式、地点、背景等因素相关。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The amount of exercise has been the main way researchers have tried to understand how physical activity might influence mental health, while often ignoring whether those minutes were spent exercising with a friend or as part of a game.(运动量一直是研究人员试图理解体育活动如何影响心理健康的主要方式，而往往忽略了这些时间是与朋友一起锻炼还是作为游戏的一部分。)”可知，以往研究主要关注运动量，却很大程度上忽视了体育活动的社交环境。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“For example, if a soccer player runs down the field and kicks the game-winning ball, their mental health is fantastic. In contrast, if you do the exact same exercise but miss the goal and people are blaming you, you likely feel very differently.(例如，如果一名足球运动员带球突破并踢进致胜一球，他们的心理健康状态会非常好。相反，如果你做完全相同的运动，但错失进球且被他人责备，你的感受可能会截然不同。)”可知，相同的运动行为因不同的背景产生不同的心理健康影响，说明背景在运动对心理健康的作用中至关重要。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“If we’re trying to help people’s mental health through exercise, then not only do we need to think about the amount and the mode, we also need to ask: What is the context?(如果我们试图通过运动来改善人们的心理健康，那么我们不仅需要考虑运动量和运动方式，还需要问：运动的背景是什么？)”可知，奥康纳建议科学家在研究中关注运动的背景因素。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据全文核心观点“运动的背景、意义和体验决定其对心理健康的影响”及文中例子可知，“背景效应”指相同运动因场景、陪伴者等背景不同产生不同心理感受，结合最后一段中的“It’s the meaning, the context and the experience of the activity that determine the influence of exercise on mental health.(正是活动的意义、背景和体验决定了运动对心理健康的影响。)”可知，汤姆和朋友骑行时心情愉悦，独自骑行时感到无聊，相同运动因陪伴者这一背景差异产生不同心理体验，最符合“背景效应”。故选D项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·贵州镇宁民族中学·期中）Love to sink into your chairs and relax when you get to school? Then you will not be happy to hear that schools all over the world are seriously considering exchanging traditional desks for ones with no seats at all — Yes, that means you will be encouraged to stand through those already too long math and science lessons! Why would anyone even think of putting kids to such cruelty? Experts say it improves their health and helps fight obesity. While that may seem a little far-fetched (牵强的) the officials at the few schools around the world seem to agree. Among them are educators from the College Station Independent School District in Texas, who recently completed a week-long experiment involving 480 students across three elementary schools. The 374 kids that agreed to participate in the study were provided a device that helped record step count and calorie consumption over the entire period. All 25 teachers involved in the study reported that students appeared to be more alert and concentrate better, when allowed to stand. The one thing that did surprise the researchers was that younger kids were more willing to stay standing than kids in higher grades. They believe this may have something to do with the fact that after years of being asked to “sit still”, older kids have a harder time adjusting to this unexpected freedom. American schools are not the only ones reporting success with stand-up desks. Four Catholic schools in Perth, Australia, which have been testing them since October 2013, have seen similar results. In May 2014, Grove House Primary School in Bradford, West Yorkshire, became Europe’s first test one, with a seven-week trial that involved the use of desks made by Ergotron in their fifth-grade classrooms. While official results are not out yet, early reactions from both teachers and students, have been extremely encouraging. The findings of these studies and others done previously, all seem to mean that allowing kids to move around in classrooms is a win-win for students and teachers — it helps kids get healthier and provides educators with a more engaged audience. 1.The students may be unhappy because _____. A. they have to exchange desks with each other B. the officials show no sympathy to them at all C. there are no seats for them to sit in class D. they have to exchange traditional desks for ones with no seats 2.Older students may not like stand-up desks because _____. A. they are cleverer than younger students B. they are easily tired of standing long C. they have formed the habit of sitting D. they do badly in class while standing 3.What is most likely to be the result of the seven-week trial? A. The standing desks can’t be used at all. B. It is good for students to use stand-up desks. C. More tests should be done in other schools. D. The students are different in personality. 4.Why do the teachers like the standing desks? A. Because the educators can draw the students’ attention. B. Because the teachers can keep the students healthy. C. Because the students can have a walk in the classroom. D. Because the standing desks can keep the students concentrated. 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. B　4. D 【解析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了教育家在学校进行了一项让学生站着上课的研究，站着上课有助学生的身体健康，而且学生上课更专心，注意力更集中。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Then you will not be happy to hear that schools all over the world are seriously considering exchanging traditional desks for ones with no seats at all — Yes, that means you will be encouraged to stand through those already too long math and science lessons!(如果你听到世界各地的学校正在认真考虑把传统课桌换成没有座位的课桌，你一定会不高兴的——是的，这意味着你将被鼓励站着读完那些已经太长时间的数学和科学课！)可知，学生们可能会不高兴，因为课堂上没有座位让他们坐着。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的They believe this may have something to do with the fact that after years of being asked to “sit still”, older kids have a harder time adjusting to this unexpected freedom.(他们认为，这可能与多年来被要求“坐着不动”的事实有关，年龄稍大的孩子很难适应这种意想不到的自由)可知，年龄大一些的学生可能不喜欢站立式课桌，因为他们已经养成了坐着的习惯。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段The findings of these studies and others done previously, all seem to mean that allowing kids to move around in classrooms is a win-win for students and teachers — it helps kids get healthier and provides educators with a more engaged audience.( 这些研究和之前的其他研究结果似乎都表明，允许孩子在教室里走动对学生和老师来说是双赢的——它有助于孩子们变得更健康，也为教育者提供了更有参与性的观众)可推知，七周的试验最有可能的结果是学生使用站立式课桌是有益的。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的All 25 teachers involved in the study reported that students appeared to be more alert and concentrate better, when allowed to stand.(参与这项研究的25名教师都表示，允许学生站着上课，他们看起来更机敏，注意力更集中)和最后一段中的all seem to mean that allowing kids to move around in classrooms is a win-win for students and teachers — it helps kids get healthier and provides educators with a more engaged audience.(所有这些似乎都意味着，允许孩子们在教室里走动对学生和老师来说是双赢的——它有助于孩子们变得更健康，并为教育者提供了更有参与性的观众)可推知，老师们喜欢立式课桌，因为立式课桌能让学生们上课更专心，注意力更集中。故选D。 【名师点睛】事实询问题，这类试题通常以疑问词what/who/when/where/why/how引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源。同时要注意题目和文章中的暗示作用，特别注意辨别各种信息，确认各种信息。第1小题，根据第一段中的Then you will not be happy to hear that schools all over the world are seriously considering exchanging traditional desks for ones with no seats at all — Yes, that means you will be encouraged to stand through those already too long math and science lessons!(如果你听到世界各地的学校正在认真考虑把传统课桌换成没有座位的课桌，你一定会不高兴的——是的，这意味着你将被鼓励站着读完那些已经太长时间的数学和科学课！)可知，学生们可能会不高兴，因为课堂上没有座位让他们坐着。故选C。 Passage 3 （25-26高三上·贵州遵义·期中）The development of AI for clinical use has boomed, with researchers creating a host of tools, from algorithms (算法) to help interpret scans to systems that can aid with diagnoses. AI is also being applied to hospital management, such as optimizing bed capacity and managing supply chains. Experts believe this technology promises significant benefits for healthcare. However, the use of AI in healthcare could create a legally complex blame game when it comes to judging responsibility for medical accidents, experts have warned. These include a lack of thorough testing for the effectiveness of AI tools and unanswered questions about responsibility if a patient suffers harm due to an AI-assisted decision. Professor Derek Angus highlights that situations will certainly arise where something appears to go wrong, leading to a search for someone to blame. To address these issues, a major summit (峰会) on AI in healthcare was held, gathering a wide range of experts including doctors, regulators, and lawyers. A resulting report examined not only the types of AI tools and their applications but also the challenges they bring, particularly legal ones. Professor Glenn Cohen, a report’s co-author, pointed out potential difficulties for patients. For instance, it might be hard for them to access information about how an AI product works internally. Furthermore, it is challenging to prove that a different design could have prevented a poor outcome. Legal actions could also be complicated as different parties might blame each other, or have contracts that reassign liability. Another major challenge is evaluation. Once approved, AI tools can be used in unpredictable ways across various settings by users with different skill levels. There is little guarantee that a tool performing well in tests will be effective in real-world practice. The report adds that currently, evaluating AI tools is difficult and expensive. They often need real-world use for full assessment, but current methods are complex and inefficient. 1.What is the main concern raised by experts at the beginning of the passage? A. The challenges of managing supply chains. B. The high cost of developing medical AI tools. C. The strong opposition from experts in this field. D. The legal difficulty in determining responsibility. 2.Why was the summit on AI in healthcare held? A. To accelerate the applications of AI. B. To settle the uncertainties about AI applications. C. To examine the applications and challenges of AI. D. To encourage hospitals to invest more money. 3.What does Cohen’s concern mainly reveal about patients? A. Their disadvantage in information. B. Their weak medical knowledge. C. Their low trust in doctors. D. Their dependence on AI. 4.What is the author’s overall attitude towards the application of AI in the healthcare field? A. Optimistic. B. Critical. C. Objective. D. Indifferent. 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。主要探讨了人工智能在医疗领域应用时伴随的法律责任认定、患者知情权以及有效性评估等方面的挑战，体现了技术发展带来的复杂的社会与法律问题。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“However, the use of AI in healthcare could create a legally complex blame game when it comes to judging responsibility for medical accidents, experts have warned.(然而，专家警告称，在判定医疗事故责任方面，人工智能在医疗领域的应用可能会引发一场法律上复杂的责任推诿游戏)”可知，文章开头处专家所提出的主要担忧是确定责任方面的法律难题。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“To address these issues, a major summit (峰会) on AI in healthcare was held, gathering a wide range of experts including doctors, regulators, and lawyers.(为解决这些问题，一场关于人工智能在医疗领域的大型峰会得以举行，与会者包括医生、监管人员和律师等众多专家)”可知，举办这次关于医疗领域人工智能的峰会旨在解决有关人工智能应用的种种不确定性。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“For instance, it might be hard for them to access information about how an AI product works internally. Furthermore, it is challenging to prove that a different design could have prevented a poor outcome.(例如，他们可能很难获取有关一款人工智能产品内部运作方式的信息。此外，要证明采用不同的设计能够避免不良结果也是颇具挑战性的)”可知，科恩的担忧主要揭示了患者在信息获取方面的劣势。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段“Experts believe this technology promises significant benefits for healthcare.(专家们认为，这项技术有望为医疗保健领域带来显著的益处)”以及全文既肯定了AI医疗的潜力，又系统阐述了其带来的多方面挑战，并引述多方专家观点进行分析，作者的态度是客观、中立的。可知，作者对于人工智能在医疗领域的应用持客观态度。故选C。 主题语境05 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·贵州县中新学校·期中）While technological advancements have improved the convenience of urban commuting in recent years, environmental studies show a worrying reduction in urban green spaces, especially in densely populated districts. Many residents complain that there’s lack of accessible nature-filled areas for relaxation and exercise, so they end up spending more time indoors, relying on virtual entertainment. Urban planners Lila Chen and Ryan Moore are deeply troubled by such issues. In their newly released book Green Living: Reclaim Our Cities’ Natural Spaces, they call for a fundamental rethinking of urban design and the role greenery should play in our daily lives. The landscape of urban living began to shift decades ago. Vast areas of natural vegetation were cleared to make room for sprawling concrete structures and commercial centers, forcing residents to seek nature in distant suburbs. Some grassroots groups fought back. Most notably, a community organizer from Seattle, who relocated to the city in the early 2000s, launched a movement to save a local wetlands area from being converted into a shopping mall. Emily Clark appealed to the city council to “Preserve Seattle as a city where nature and urban life coexist harmoniously, not just a place of concrete and commerce.” Similar initiatives took place in other major cities across the country in the 2010s. Although these initiatives gained public attention, the harsh reality is that the majority of modern cities remain focusing on urban development at the expense of green spaces. The coverage of natural areas in cities has been shrinking steadily. In California, for instance, the ratio of urban green spaces to total city area has dropped to a record low, even as the state promotes environmental protection campaigns. We invest substantial resources in building urban infrastructure that prioritizes speed and efficiency, yet we neglect to consider the true value of green spaces. Do we fully comprehend the social and psychological costs when citizens lack easy access to natural environments for mental rejuvenation? The authors of Green Living are spot-on: it’s high time we re-evaluate the urban landscapes right outside our homes. 1.What can we know from the phenomenon mentioned in paragraph 1? A. Urban commuting has become overly dependent on technology. B. Residents in densely populated areas have limited access to jobs. C. The decline of urban green spaces results in lifestyle changes. D. Virtual entertainment is replacing outdoor activities completely. 2.Why did the Seattle community organizer launch the campaign? A. Relocate residents to distant suburbs with more greenery. B. Expand commercial development and concrete structures. C. Promote the construction of more shopping malls in wetlands. D. Protect city natural spaces for a balanced lifestyle. 3.What can be inferred about the protection campaigns in California? A. They were actually ineffective in protecting urban green spaces. B. They resulted in the closure of all commercial construction projects. C. They have successfully increased the ratio of urban green spaces. D. They finally led to a surge in environmental protection donations. 4.Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Tech Advance: A Double-edged Sword? B. Urban Rush: Sacrificing Nature? C. Green Spaces: A luxury or Necessity? D. Community Activism: A Lost Cause? 【答案】1. C　2. D　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了随着城市发展，城市绿地的减少给居民生活方式带来的改变，以及一些保护城市绿地的行动和目前保护绿地面临的困境，呼吁人们重新审视城市景观。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“While technological advancements have improved the convenience of urban commuting in recent years, environmental studies show a worrying reduction in urban green spaces, especially in densely populated districts. Many residents complain that there’s lack of accessible nature-filled areas for relaxation and exercise, so they end up spending more time indoors, relying on virtual entertainment. (虽然近年来科技进步提高了城市通勤的便利性，环境研究显示，城市绿地的面积令人担忧地减少，尤其是在人口密集的地区。许多居民抱怨说，缺乏可供放松和锻炼的自然区域，所以他们最终花更多的时间在室内，依赖虚拟娱乐。)”可知，城市绿地的减少导致居民生活方式发生改变，更多地待在室内，依赖虚拟娱乐。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Emily Clark appealed to the city council to ‘Preserve Seattle as a city where nature and urban life coexist harmoniously, not just a place of concrete and commerce.’ (Emily Clark呼吁市议会‘保留西雅图作为一个自然与城市生活和谐共存的城市，而不仅仅是一个混凝土和商业的地方。’)”可知，西雅图的社区组织者发起这场运动是为了保护城市自然空间，实现自然与城市生活的和谐共存，即为了平衡的生活方式。故选D项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“In California, for instance, the ratio of urban green spaces to total city area has dropped to a record low, even as the state promotes environmental protection campaigns. (例如，在加利福尼亚州，尽管该州开展了环境保护运动，但城市绿地与城市总面积的比例已降至历史最低水平。)”可知，加利福尼亚州开展的保护运动并没有有效保护城市绿地，城市绿地与城市总面积的比例反而降至历史最低水平，说明这些保护运动实际上在保护城市绿地方面是无效的。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，文章首先指出城市绿地减少导致居民生活方式改变，接着提到一些保护城市绿地的行动，然后说明尽管有这些行动，但大多数现代城市仍然以牺牲绿地为代价进行城市发展，最后呼吁人们重新审视城市景观。所以文章主要围绕城市发展是否应该牺牲自然绿地展开，B项“Urban Rush: Sacrificing Nature? (城市热潮：牺牲自然？)”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选B项。 主题语境06 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·贵州黔东南部分校联考·期中）In recent years, Europe has experienced a rising frequency of extreme heat waves. According to the European Environment Agency, these weather events are becoming not only more common but also more serious. Many temperature records have been broken, and the health risks have worsened, especially for weak populations like the elderly and young children. But why are these heat waves happening so regularly? The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate (气候) Change (IPCC) reported that the warming air, a direct result of human caused climate change, is making heat waves more likely and more serious. This is because the hotter air can hold more water, which fuels weather extremes. The results of heat waves go beyond discomfort and health risks. A report by the European Forest Fire Information System noted a great increase in wildfires during periods of extreme heat, which led to evacuations (撤离) and lots of property-damage. The science is simple: High temperatures and dry conditions create a perfect environment for fires to start and spread quickly. Furthermore, these fires not only destroy local ecosystems but also produce lots of carbon dioxide, which further worsens climate change. Faced with this challenge, Europe is exploring a series of methods to deal with the influence of extreme heat and prevent wildfires. One way is the use of satellite technology and AI to watch and check the areas at risk of wildfires. This technology can provide early warnings, enabling quicker responses to wildfires. There are also policies about approaching climate change, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions (排放). And new building rules that promote heat-resistant materials and urban planning that includes more green spaces are being considered to make cities better prepared for heat waves. What’s more, education plays a great role, which can equip young people with the knowledge and skills necessary to take part in climate action. 1.What is the direct cause of the increasing heat waves in Europe? A. Increasing wildfires. B. The reduction of forests. C. Human-caused climate change. D. Record-breaking high temperatures. 2.Why is the report mentioned in paragraph 3? A. To warn people about the danger of wildfires. B. To prove heat waves add to the risk of wildfires. C. To call on the public to protect the environment. D. To stress the importance of early wildfire warnings. 3.What is Europe’s attitude towards heat waves? A. Responsible and active. B. Concerned and anxious. C. Doubtful and frightened. D. Uncaring and relaxed. 4.What is a suitable title for the text? A. Heat Waves Sweep Across Europe B. Europe Battles Against Natural Disasters C. How to Survive Extreme Weather Conditions D. How Technology Prevents Wildfires from Happening 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了欧洲热浪频发且加剧，源于人为气候变化，引发健康风险与野火等问题，欧洲正通过技术、政策、教育等多种方式积极应对。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate (气候) Change (IPCC) reported that the warming air, a direct result of human caused climate change, is making heat waves more likely and more serious. (政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）报告称，人为引起的气候变化直接导致了空气变暖，这使得热浪更有可能发生且更为严重。)”可知，欧洲热浪增多的直接原因是人为引起的气候变化。故选C项。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段“A report by the European Forest Fire Information System noted a great increase in wildfires during periods of extreme heat, which led to evacuations (撤离) and lots of property-damage. (欧洲森林火灾信息系统的一份报告指出，极端高温期间野火数量大幅增加，导致人员撤离和大量财产损失。)”以及上下文可知，提及该报告是为了证明热浪会增加野火风险，补充说明热浪的负面影响。故选B项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Faced with this challenge, Europe is exploring a series of methods to deal-with-the influence of extreme heat and prevent wildfires. One way is the use of satellite technology and AI to watch and check the areas at risk of wildfires. This technology can provide early warnings, enabling quicker responses to wildfires.(面对这一挑战，欧洲正在探索一系列方法来应对极端高温的影响并预防野火。其中一种方式是利用卫星技术和人工智能（AI）对野火高危区域进行监测排查。该技术能够提供早期预警，从而助力更快地应对野火。)”和最后一段“There are also policies about approaching climate change, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions (排放). And new building rules that promote heat-resistant materials and urban planning that includes more green spaces are being considered to make cities better prepared for heat waves. What’s more, education plays a great role, which can equip young people with the knowledge and skills necessary to take part in climate action.(欧洲还制定了应对气候变化的相关政策，例如减少温室气体排放。此外，（各国）正在考虑出台新的建筑规范与城市规划方案 —— 建筑规范将推广耐热材料的使用，城市规划则会纳入更多绿地空间，这些举措旨在让城市更充分地应对热浪来袭。更重要的是，教育发挥着关键作用：它能让年轻人掌握参与气候行动所需的相关知识与技能。)”可知，欧洲通过技术、政策、规划、教育等多种方式积极应对热浪，体现了负责任且主动的态度。故选A项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文特别是第一段“In recent years, Europe has experienced a rising frequency of extreme heat waves. According to the European Environment Agency, these weather events are becoming not only more common but also more serious. Many temperature records have been broken, and the health risks have worsened, especially for weak populations like the elderly and young children.(近年来，欧洲遭遇极端热浪的频率持续上升。据欧洲环境署数据显示，这类天气事件不仅愈发频繁，严重程度也在不断加剧。多地气温纪录屡被打破，健康风险随之恶化，尤其对老年人、幼儿等弱势群体影响更为显著。)”以及下文可知，文章开篇介绍欧洲热浪频发且加剧的现状，接着分析其成因（人为气候变化）、负面影响（健康风险、野火增多），最后阐述欧洲的应对措施，核心围绕热浪席卷欧洲展开，所以“热浪席卷欧洲”适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·贵州镇宁民族中学·期中）The last known eggs of the Great Bustard (鸨) were taken in 1832, and the bird was nearly extinct by the end of the 19th century, a victim of hunters. In 2004, the endangered species was reintroduced to Salisbury Plain, with the aim of establishing a self-sustaining population here. The Great Bustard Group (GBG), the charity behind the release, was set up in 1997 and it has now been 16 years since the initial 10-year trial began. Long-term volunteers Fred and Rona Andrews have been involved from the start and, working as part of a team, have helped raise over 200 chicks from eggs sourced abroad. “For the first week the chick needs to have food placed in its bill, so we use a feeding puppet to imitate the behavior of the parent,” explains Fred. “It is quite hard when the bustards are young because they need feeding every hour and it takes a long time to feed one.” Great Bustards reach maturity at about five years old. “Seeing the first wild bred chick out on Salisbury Plain in 2009, shortly after it hatched, was a proud moment for me,” says Rona. On average, 12 chicks are released each year on to Salisbury Plain and in 2018 the survival rate was 100 percent. “The aim has been to reach a population of 100 birds,” says GBG executive officer David Waters. “Now we have that number, and we are hoping the population will continue to grow by natural reproduction.” “Being involved with the world’s heaviest bird alive today that can fly has given us both a greater knowledge of birds, conservation and farming,” states Rona. “We are contributing to an important conservation project that also benefits other species.” 1.Why did the GBG reintroduce Great Bustards to Salisbury Plain? A. To test their chance of survival. B. To increase species diversity there. C. To help save the threatened species. D. To help the local bustards raise chicks. 2.What does Fred say about feeding the young bustards? A. It is dangerous. B. It is demanding. C. It is interesting. D. It is fairly costly. 3.What does David Water expect of Great Bustards? A. They will survive on their own. B. They will reach a population of 100. C. They will hatch 12 chicks each year. D. They will live in peace with other species. 4.What is Rona’s attitudes towards the project? A. Critical. B. Conservative. C. Supportive. D. Indifferent. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A　4. C 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一家名为GBG的慈善机构为了保护濒危物种所作出的努力。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In 2004, the endangered species was reintroduced to Salisbury Plain, with the aim of establishing a self-sustaining population here.(2004年，这种濒危物种被重新引入索尔兹伯里平原，目的是在这里建立一个自我维持的种群)”可知，GBG将鸨重新引入Salibury平原是为了帮助拯救濒危物种。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It is quite hard when the bustards are young because they need feeding every hour and it takes a long time to feed one. (这对雏鸨来说是相当困难的，因为他们每小时都需要喂食，而喂养一只雏鸨需要很长时间)”可知，Fred认为喂养雏鸨十分费力。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“we are hoping the population will continue to grow by natural reproduction.(我们希望通过自然繁殖，鸟类数量将继续增长)”可知，David Waters希望鸨可以靠自己生存。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We are contributing to an important conservation project that also benefits other species.(我们正在为一个重要的保护项目做出贡献，这也有利于其他物种)”可知，Rosa认为现在所做的对其他物种有导向性，因此她对这个项目是支持的。故选C。 主题语境01 人与社会-文学、艺术与体育 （25-26高二上·贵州·期中）It is well known that learning a musical instrument benefits the brain, enhancing fine motor skills and memory. But can this training also change how musicians experience pain? Pain triggers vital reactions in our bodies and brains, like pulling a hand from a hot pan. However, prolonged pain can be detrimental. If an injury causes the brain to send persistent “don't move” signals, it can disorganize the brain's “body map” — the area that controls movement — leading to increased long-term suffering and reduced mobility. Yet, individuals experience pain differently. Some people can better handle pain. To understand why, a study investigated whether musical training, with its intense practice of fine motor skills, could influence pain response. The study compared young, healthy musicians and non-musicians. To safely copy temporary muscle pain, researchers injected (注射) a harmless substance into a hand muscle, causing aching for several days, especially during movement. They mapped each participant’s brain representation of the hand before the injection, then again two and eight days later, to observe any changes caused by pain. The results revealed a clear distinction. Even before the pain, the musicians’ brain hand maps were more detailed and refined than those of non-musicians. After the pain was induced (引起) , the musicians reported feeling less overall discomfort. Crucially, while the non-musicians’ brain maps shrank (萎缩) significantly after two days of pain, the musicians’ maps remained stable and unchanged. Furthermore, a direct connection was found: the more hours a musician had spent practising, the less pain they felt. Although this was a small study of 40 people, it clearly showed that musicians’ brains respond differently to pain. Their long-term training appears to provide a buffer (缓冲) against pain’s typical negative effects, both in their subjective experience and in their brain’s motor control areas. This does not suggest music is a cure for chronic pain. However, it demonstrates that long-term, skilled training can fundamentally shape our insight of pain. These findings help explain why pain resilience varies between individuals and could inform new strategies for pain management. 1.What does the underlined word “detrimental” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Helpful. B. Harmful. C. Bearable. D. Curable. 2.How did the researchers conduct the experiment? A. By recording musicians’ daily practice intensity. B. By testing musicians’ pain tolerance in training. C. By collecting daily pain data from participants. D. By comparing participants’ brain responses to pain. 3.What was concluded about musicians’ brain hand maps after the experiment? A. They shrank to a large extent. B. They showed insignificant changes. C. They weren’t linked to musical training. D. They matched non-musicians’ post-pain. 4.What is the author’s attitude towards the result of the study? A. Supportive. B. Indifferent. C. Dismissive. D. Doubtful. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项关于音乐训练如何影响疼痛体验的研究。研究发现，音乐家的大脑对手部区域的映射更精细，且在经历疼痛时，其大脑映射保持稳定，主观疼痛感也较弱。这表明长期的音乐训练可能对疼痛起到缓冲作用。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据划线词detrimental后文的内容“If an injury causes the brain to send persistent “don’t move” signals, it can disorganize the brain’s “body map”—the area that controls movement—leading to increased long-term suffering and reduced mobility.(如果受伤导致大脑持续发出“不要动”的信号，可能会扰乱大脑的“身体地图”——控制运动的区域——导致长期痛苦加剧和活动能力下降)”可知，划线词后文进行了解释，如果受伤导致大脑持续发出“不要动”的信号，那么就会扰乱大脑的“身体地图”，从而导致长期痛苦加剧和活动能力下降，故可推知划线词detrimental与B项“Harmful(有害的)”意思相近，即长期的疼痛是有害的。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The study compared young, healthy musicians and non-musicians. To safely copy temporary muscle pain, researchers injected (注射) a harmless substance into a hand muscle, causing aching for several days, especially during movement. They mapped each participant’s brain representation of the hand before the injection, then again two and eight days later, to observe any changes caused by pain.(该研究比较了年轻健康的音乐家和非音乐家。为了安全地模拟暂时性肌肉疼痛，研究人员向手部肌肉注射了一种无害物质，引起数天疼痛（尤其在活动时）。他们在注射前、注射后两天和八天分别绘制了每位参与者大脑中手部区域的地图，以观察疼痛引起的变化)”可知，研究人员通过向手部肌肉注射无害物质引起暂时疼痛，并在注射前、注射后两天和八天分别绘制参与者大脑中手部区域的地图，比较音乐家和非音乐家对疼痛的大脑反应差异。因此，实验方法是对比参与者对疼痛的大脑反应。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Crucially, while the non-musicians’ brain maps shrank (萎缩) significantly after two days of pain, the musicians' maps remained stable and unchanged.(关键的是，尽管非音乐家的大脑地图在疼痛两天后显著萎缩，而音乐家的大脑地图却保持稳定不变)”可知，音乐家的大脑映射在疼痛后保持稳定，没有显著变化。故选B。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Although this was a small study of 40 people, it clearly showed that musicians' brains respond differently to pain.(尽管这是一项仅40人的小型研究，但它清楚地表明音乐家的大脑对疼痛的反应不同。)”以及“These findings help explain why pain resilience varies between individuals and could inform new strategies for pain management.(这些发现有助于解释为何个体疼痛耐受性存在差异，并可能为疼痛管理提供新策略)”可知，作者对于这项研究结果的态度是支持的。故选A。 主题语境02 人与自然-环境 （25-26高二上·贵州省部分学校·期中）Planting trees is good for the environment. It’s a popular way to remove carbon (碳) from the air. But a new study shows that this method alone cannot offset all the planet-warming pollution, known as the emission (排放) of greenhouse gas, created by the world’s biggest fossil fuel (化石燃料) companies. To do that, we would need to plant so many trees that they would cover all of North and Central America. The researchers found that trees cannot absorb carbon as fast as these 200 large oil, gas, and coal companies produce it. There simply isn’t enough land on Earth for all the trees we would need. Also, if these companies had to pay for planting all those trees, it would cost $ 10.8 trillion. That’s more money than all these big companies are actually worth combined. “People might think planting trees is a magic solution, but it’s not,” said Nina Friggens, one of the researchers. Many companies, including fossil fuel businesses, pay for tree-planting programs to cancel out their pollution. Trees are a cheap way to do this because they naturally absorb carbon. For the study, the researchers looked at the 200 companies that own the most fossil fuels underground (like oil and coal they plan to use in the future). They calculated how much CO2 would be released if all these fuels were burned. Another scientist, Jonathan Foley, explained the results simply. He said, “Planting trees is like using a sponge (海绵) to clean up a big water spill. But if we keep spilling more and more water, the sponge won’t be able to keep up. First, we need to turn off the tap.” 1.What does the underlined word “offset” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Pick. B. Balance. C. Set. D. Switch. 2.Why does the author mention North and Central America? A. To suggest more trees should be planted in this region. B. To compare forest coverage in different continents. C. To explain where the fossil fuel companies are located. D. To show planting trees to cancel out carbon emissions is impossible. 3.What is the main reason why trees are used in cancelling out carbon? A. They are a low-cost natural solution. B. They are required by government policies. C. They are the only known method available. D. They can completely solve pollution problems. 4.What do Foley’s words mean? A. The tap should be fixed first. B. Water spills are difficult to clean down C. The source of pollution should be cut off. D. Better sponges are needed to absorb water spills. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文，围绕“植树对环境的作用”展开，先指出植树是吸收空气中碳的常见方式，随后通过一项新研究说明仅靠植树无法抵消全球大型化石燃料公司产生的温室气体排放，从所需植树面积、成本等方面分析原因，最后引用科学家的话强调应从源头减少污染。 (1)题解析： 词义猜测题。根据第一段“Planting trees is good for the environment. It’s a popular way to remove carbon (碳) from the air. But a new study shows that this method alone cannot offset all the planet-warming pollution, known as the emission (排放) of greenhouse gas, created by the world’s biggest fossil fuel (化石燃料) companies.( 植树对环境有益，是吸收空气中碳的常用方法。但一项新研究表明，仅靠这种方法无法……全球最大化石燃料公司产生的致暖污染，即温室气体排放。)”可知，前文提到植树能吸收碳，后文用“but”转折，说明这种方法不足以抵消化石燃料公司的排放，因此“offset”意为“抵消”。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段“To do that, we would need to plant so many trees that they would cover all of North and Central America. The researchers found that trees cannot absorb carbon as fast as these 200 large oil, gas, and coal companies produce it. There simply isn’t enough land on Earth for all the trees we would need.(要做到这一点，我们需要种植如此多的树，以至于它们会覆盖整个北美和中美洲。研究人员发现，树木吸收碳的速度赶不上这200家大型石油、天然气和煤炭公司产生碳的速度。地球上根本没有足够的土地来种植我们需要的所有树木。)”可知，作者提及北美和中美洲是为了说明种植树木来抵消碳排放是不可能的，因为所需树木数量对应的土地面积过大。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Many companies, including fossil fuel businesses, pay for tree-planting programs to cancel out their pollution. Trees are a cheap way to do this because they naturally absorb carbon.(包括化石燃料企业在内的许多公司都会资助植树项目来抵消其污染。树木是一种廉价的方式，因为它们能自然吸收碳。)”可知，树木被用于抵消碳排放的主要原因是它们是一种低成本的自然解决方案。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段Foley的话“Planting trees is like using a sponge (海绵) to clean up a big water spill. But if we keep spilling more and more water, the sponge won’t be able to keep up. First, we need to turn off the tap.(植树就像用海绵清理大量溢水。但如果我们不断溢出更多的水，海绵就跟不上了。首先，我们需要关掉水龙头。)”可知，这里的“溢水”比喻温室气体排放，“水龙头”比喻排放源头，他的话意思是应先切断污染源头。故选C。 主题语境03 人与自然-自然生态 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·贵州名校协作体-11月·期中）In the United States, butterflies are popular insects and have been usually counted. For many decades, thousands of volunteers have spent lots of time watching and recording them. This passion has resulted in one of the world’s best collections of insect data. However, this information came from many programs across the country, making it hard to see the whole picture. To get a clear, country- wide understanding, Colin Edwards, an ecologist at the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and a team of more than 30 butterfly researchers brought together and analyzed all these efforts. They gathered a total of 12.6 million butterfly sightings and found that since 2000, the number of butterflies in the United States has fallen by 22%, on average. Only about 39% of the 554 species (物种) examined saw their numbers increase over this time period. And 89% of those more successful species tended to be ones that live closer to human development. They also found that the decline was a very common problem. It didn’t matter much whether the butterflies were big or small, or what kind of place they lived in. Almost all of them faced difficulties over the past two decades. Researchers believe three major factors are causing this decline. The first is habitat (栖息地) loss. As natural lands are turned into farms or cities, the places where butterflies need to live and grow are becoming smaller. Second, chemicals used in modern farming also harm many species directly. Toxic sprays (有毒喷雾) on cornfields can poison adult butterflies that feed on nearby flowers, and weed- killers kill the plants that young butterflies need to eat. Finally, higher temperatures make some places too dry—for example, dry weather in California has killed the plants that monarch butterflies depend on, making them leave their homes. Addressing any of these three factors will take national or international action. This includes limiting greenhouse gas emissions (温室气体排放) and managing the use of certain pesticides (杀虫剂) . We can’t change climate change ourselves, but habitat loss is something we can really affect. 1.What do we know about the data collected before? A. It lacked a national view. B. It covered various species. C. It was managed by a research team. D. It was gathered over a short period. 2.How does the author present findings in paragraph 2? A. By listing examples. B. By providing data. C. By making comparisons. D. By giving definitions. 3.What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The harm of farming chemicals to butterflies. B. The importance of natural lands to butterflies. C. The reasons for the decrease of butterfly populations. D. The impact of climate change on butterfly populations. 4.What might the author continue talking about? A. Plans to regulate pesticide use. B. Ways to protect butterfly habitats. C. Efforts to monitor climate change. D. Methods to reduce greenhouse gases. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国蝴蝶数量近二十年平均减少22%的现象，分析了栖息地丧失、化学物质危害、气温升高等成因，并提出相关应对方向。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“For many decades, thousands of volunteers have spent lots of time watching and recording them. This passion has resulted in one of the world’s best collections of insect data. However, this information came from many programs across the country, making it hard to see the whole picture. (数十年来，成千上万的志愿者投入大量时间观察并记录它们的踪迹。这份热情促成了全球最完备的昆虫数据集之一。然而，这些信息来自全国各地的多个项目，难以形成完整的整体认知。)”可知，此前收集的数据来自全国多个项目，难以形成全国性的整体认知，即缺乏全国性视角。故选A。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“They gathered a total of 12. 6 million butterfly sightings and found that since 2000, the number of butterflies in the United States has fallen by 22%, on average. Only about 39% of the 554 species (物种) examined saw their numbers increase over this time period. And 89% of those more successful species tended to be ones that live closer to human development. (他们共收集了1260万次蝴蝶目击记录，发现自2000年以来，美国的蝴蝶数量平均减少了22%。在接受调查的554个物种中，仅约39%的物种数量在此期间有所增长。而这些更易存活的物种中，89%往往是那些栖息地更靠近人类活动区域的种类。)”可知，作者通过提供具体数据来呈现研究发现。故选B。 (3)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Researchers believe three major factors are causing this decline.(研究人员认为，导致蝴蝶数量减少的主要因素有三个。)”以及整段内容可知，本段主要讲述了蝴蝶数量减少的三大主要原因。故选C。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Addressing any of these three factors will take national or international action. This includes limiting greenhouse gas emissions (温室气体排放) and managing the use of certain pesticides (杀虫剂) . We can’t change climate change ourselves, but habitat loss is something we can really affect. (解决这三个因素中的任何一个都需要国家层面或国际社会的共同行动，包括限制温室气体排放、规范某些杀虫剂的使用。气候变化并非个人能够改变，但栖息地丧失是我们切实可以影响的问题。)”可推测，接下来最可能继续探讨保护蝴蝶栖息地的具体方法。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26高二上·贵州·期中）For a species mainly dependent on plants for food, we give plants curiously little respect. Thankfully, The Light Eaters, an absorbing book on recent discoveries in plant biology by journalist Zo Schlanger, will transform how we see not only plants but the nature of all life, strengthening our appreciation for those fascinating beings. Curiosity drives Schlanger’s narrative, who believes plant biology is a “case study” of a scientific revolution in progress. Do plants sense a wound? We feel her excitement and hesitation as she uses a tool to press a cress leaf. The plant has been genetically modified (修改) so that its cells shine gently when electrical charges pass through them. Pressed, the leaf immediately lights up. A wave of electrical activity moves until the entire plant is filled with information about the damaged leaf within seconds. Through Schlanger’s vivid description, I now understand these plants as living beings that respond to danger instantly. I am, as Schlanger writes of her own changed perspective, “regaining connection with the natural world.” Schlanger’s visits to field sites and labs leave no doubt that, conscious or not, plants sense their surroundings and make well- informed decisions. Leaves pick up the sounds of chewing caterpillars and take appropriate chemical defenses. Flowers sweeten their nectar when they sense pollinators like bees flying by. Plants seem to use memory to adjust their growth and even minute-by-minute presentation of pollen. Reading about her pursuit of plant wonder, I felt an ever-increasing sense of admiration and affection for plants. Understanding plants' intelligence reframes our everyday experience of eating plants or seeing them growing out of a crack. In an age when we often feel distant from a living world in crisis, it is good to be reminded that other species have initiatives (主动性), flexible to handle tricky situations. Having thrived on Earth for half a billion years, plants have not only intelligence but wisdom about how to flourish in the face of change. 1.What is a feature of The Light Eaters according to the text? A. It focuses on threats to plants. B. It is targeted at plant biologists. C. It is packed with scientific terms. D. It helps us relate to the natural world. 2.How does the genetically modified cress leaf react in the experiment? A. It sends out special chemicals immediately. B. The composition of its cells changes slightly. C. The shape of the leaf is damaged completely. D. The cells of the leaf give out faint light instantly. 3.What can we learn from the examples given in paragraph 3? A. Plants act accordingly on the environment. B. Leaves defend against enemies passively. C. Flowers release chemicals for self-protection. D. Plants keep a steady growth rate for survival. 4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To share an experience. B. To recommend a book. C. To present an experiment. D. To prove an assumption. 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇说明文，本文介绍了记者Zo Schlanger的新书The Light Eaters，该书通过最新的植物生物学发现，改变了我们对植物乃至所有生命本质的认知。书中通过生动的实验和观察，展示了植物如何感知环境、做出决策，甚至拥有记忆能力。作者通过阅读这本书，增强了对植物的欣赏和理解，重新建立了与自然世界的联系。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thankfully, The Light Eaters, an absorbing book on recent discoveries in plant biology by journalist Zo Schlanger, will transform how we see not only plants but the nature of all life, strengthening our appreciation for those fascinating beings.(值得庆幸的是，记者Zo Schlanger撰写的The Light Eaters引人入胜，讲述了植物生物学的最新发现。这本书不仅改变了我们对植物的看法，还改变了我们对所有生命本质的看法，增强了我们对这些迷人生物的欣赏)”和第二段中“I am, as Schlanger writes of her own changed perspective, “regaining connection with the natural world.”(正如Schlanger所写的那样，我正在“重新与自然世界建立联系”)”可知，这本书帮助我们与自然世界建立联系，故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The plant has been genetically modified (修改) so that its cells shine gently when electrical charges pass through them. Pressed, the leaf immediately lights up.(这种植物经过了基因修改，因此当电荷通过时，它的细胞会发出柔和的光。按压一下，叶子立刻亮了起来)”可知，被修改过基因的水芹叶子的细胞会立即发出微弱的光，故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Schlanger’s visits to field sites and labs leave no doubt that, conscious or not, plants sense their surroundings and make well-informed decisions.(Schlanger对野外和实验室的考察毫无疑问地表明，无论有意识与否，植物都能感知周围环境，并做出明智的决定)”提到植物能感知周围环境，并做出反应，接着下文“Leaves pick up the sounds of chewing caterpillars and take appropriate chemical defenses. Flowers sweeten their nectar when they sense pollinators like bees flying by.(树叶捕捉到咀嚼毛虫的声音，并采取适当的化学防御措施。当花朵感觉到蜜蜂等传粉者飞过时，它们会使花蜜变甜)”以树叶和花朵为例加以说明，由此推知植物根据环境作出反应，故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Thankfully, The Light Eaters, an absorbing book on recent discoveries in plant biology by journalist Zo Schlanger, will transform how we see not only plants but the nature of all life, strengthening our appreciation for those fascinating beings.(值得庆幸的是，记者Zo Schlanger撰写的The Light Eaters引人入胜，讲述了植物生物学的最新发现。这本书不仅改变了我们对植物的看法，还改变了我们对所有生命本质的看法，增强了我们对这些迷人生物的欣赏)”可知，文章主要全文围绕The Light Eaters一书展开，介绍书的内容（植物感知能力、实验发现）和阅读感受（增强对植物的欣赏），最后一段中“Reading about her pursuit of plant wonder, I felt an ever-increasing sense of admiration and affection for plants.(读到她对植物奇迹的追求，我对植物的钦佩和喜爱与日俱增)”提到阅读后对植物产生钦佩和喜爱，隐含推荐意图，故作者的目的是推荐这本书，故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $