Unit 2 Home Sweet Home （单元重点语法任务单）2026-2027学年八年级英语上册（新教材人教版）

该初中英语Unit 2 Home Sweet Home重点语法清单，系统梳理情态动词can和could的“请求”与“许可”用法，涵盖概述、核心功能（能力、请求、许可等）、语气区别、应答方式及句型结构，搭建从基础概念理解到情境应用的递进式学习支架。 清单以“考点聚焦+分层训练”构建知识体系，标注“最高频考点”“超级易错点”强化重难点，如用表格对比can与could语气差异，“判断技巧”助学生区分请求与许可句型，培养思维品质。设计即学即用（填空、选择等）和语篇拔高练（短文阅读、填空），结合家务场景实例提升语言能力，不同基础学生可高效掌握，教师可据此设计分层教学，提升课堂实效。

Unit 2 Home Sweet Home重点语法 考点：情态动词 can 和 could —— “请求”与“许可” 一、知识精讲 1. 情态动词概述 情态动词（Modal Verbs）本身有一定词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气，但不能单独作谓语，必须和动词原形一起构成谓语。can和could都是情态动词，常用于表示能力、提出请求、请求许可和给予许可等。 2. can 和 could 的核心用法 （1）表示能力（ability） 用法 例句 can 表示现在或一般的能力，意为“能，会” She can speak French fluently. 她能流利说法语。 could 表示过去的能力（can的过去式） He could ride a bike at 5. 他五岁时就会骑自行车了。 （2）提出请求（Requests）——请求对方做某事 句型 说明 Can / Could you (please) + 动词原形...? 主语为you，礼貌地请求对方帮忙做事 教材原句： · Could you please sweep the floor? 你能扫一下地吗？ · Can you help me hang up the photos? 你能帮我挂照片吗？ （3）请求许可（Permission）——询问自己能否做某事 句型 说明 Can / Could I + 动词原形...? 主语为I，询问自己是否可以做某事 教材原句： · Could I hang out with my friends after lunch? 午饭后我能和朋友出去玩吗？ · Can I put some flowers on the table? 我能在桌子上放些花吗？ （4）表示可能性（possibility） can和could也可以表示推测或可能性。 · can 表示理论或逻辑上的可能性：Smoking can cause cancer. 吸烟可能导致癌症。 · could 表示更不确定的推测：It could rain tomorrow. 明天可能会下雨。 （5）提出建议（suggestion） · We can eat in a restaurant this evening. 今晚我们可以在餐馆吃饭。 · We could go fishing this weekend. 这个周末我们可以去钓鱼。 3. can 与 could 的语气区别（最高频考点） can could 语气 直接、较随意 更委婉、更礼貌 适用场景 熟人之间、平级对话 对长辈、陌生人或正式场合 时态含义 现在/一般能力 ①过去的能力 ②不表示过去时态，只表委婉语气 ⚠️ 关键注意：在提出请求和请求许可的句型中，could 不表示过去时态，只表示更委婉礼貌的语气！ 4. 常见应答方式 句型类型 肯定回答 否定回答 提出请求 (Could/Can you...?) Sure. / Of course. / No problem. / Certainly. Sorry, I can't. / I have to... 请求许可 (Could/Can I...?) Yes, you can. / Good idea! Sorry, you can't. / I'm afraid you can't. ⚠️ 超级易错点（必考！） ： · 问句用 could 提问时，答句只能用 can，不能用 could！ · ✅ 正确：—Could I use your pen? —Yes, you can. · ❌ 错误：—Could I use your pen? —Yes, you could.  5. 句型结构对比总结 功能 句型结构 主语 中文含义 提出请求 (R) Can/Could you (please) + 动词原形? you 请你…好吗？ 请求许可 (P) Can/Could I + 动词原形? I 我能……吗？ 📌 判断技巧：主语为you时是“请求别人做事”(R)；主语为I时是“征求别人许可”(P)。 6. 其他情态动词 can/could 用法补充 · 给予许可：You can go now. 你现在可以走了。 · 表示“不可能”（否定推测） ：He can't be at home now. The lights are off. 他现在不可能在家，灯都关了。 二、即学即用 一、用 can / could 填空（注意区分能力和请求！） 1. —______ you open the window? It's too hot in here. —Sure. 2. When I was five, I ______ count to 100. 3. —______ I use your phone? Mine is out of battery. —Yes, you ______. 4. She ______ speak three languages when she was in college. 5. —______ you please pass me the salt? —Of course. 参考答案： 1. Could/Can 2. could 3. Could/Can; can 4. could 5. Could/Can 2、 单项选择 1. —______ you please help me clean up the room? —Sure. A. Does  B. Could  C. Must  D. Are 2. —Could I hang out with my friends? —Yes, you ______. A. could  B. can  C. are  D. need 3. —______ I put the photos on the wall? —Yes, you can. A. Can  B. Do  C. Does  D. Must 4. Could you please ______ the floor? A. sweeps  B. to sweep  C. sweeping  D. sweep 5. —Could I use your scissors? —Sorry, you ______. I'm using them now. A. needn't   B. couldn't  C. can't   D. won't 参考答案： 1. B 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. C 三、判断句子类型（R=请求别人做事，P=征求许可）  1. Could you please water the plants? (____) 2. Can I go to the movies with my friends? (____) 3. Could you help me hang up the photos? (____) 4. Can I borrow your chess set? (____) 5. Could you please take out the rubbish? (____) 参考答案： 1. R 2. P 3. R 4. P 5. R 四、句型转换  1. Could you please fold the clothes?（作否定完整回答） Sorry, ______ ______ clean the bathroom now. 2. I can help my mum do the dishes.（改为征求许可的一般疑问句） ______ ______ help my mum do the dishes? 3. Can I hang out after school?（改为语气更委婉的同义句） ______ ______ hang out after school? 4. You can't play outside before finishing homework.（同义句改写，改为礼貌请求） ______ you please ______ outside before finishing homework? 参考答案：1. I can't 2. Can I 3. Could I 4. Could; not play 五、翻译句子  1. 你能告诉我怎么去火车站吗？ ? 2. 他小时候会弹吉他。 . 3. 我能借你的笔吗？ ? 参考答案： 1. Could/Can you tell me how to get to the railway station? 2. He could play the guitar when he was young. 3. Can/Could I borrow your pen? 词句基础练 一、单项选择 1．—Could you please ________ the floor for me? —Sure, no problem. A．sweep B．sweeping C．sweeps D．swept 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能帮我扫一下地吗？——当然，没问题。 sweep扫；sweeping扫（现在分词）；sweeps扫（第三人称单数）；swept扫（过去式）。根据“Could you please...”可知，这是表示礼貌请求的固定句型，could为情态动词，情态动词后面接动词原形，应填sweep。 2．—Could you help me wash clothes? —________. I’m busy with my study now. A．Sure B．Of course C．Sorry D．No problem 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能帮我洗衣服吗？——抱歉。我现在正忙于学习。 Sure当然；Of course当然；Sorry抱歉；No problem没问题。根据“I'm busy with my study now.”可知，说话人现在正忙，无法帮忙，因此应表示抱歉，应填Sorry。 3．—Can I ________ my friends to our new house this weekend? —Yes, you can. A．invite B．teach C．promise D．protect 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这个周末我可以邀请我的朋友来我们的新家吗？——是的，你可以。 invite邀请；teach教；promise承诺；protect保护。根据“...my friends to our new house this weekend?”可知，是把朋友叫到新家做客，推测出是邀请朋友，invite符合句意，应填invite。 4．—Helen , could you please take me to the shop? —__________. Let’s go after lunch. A．No problem B．That’s all right C．Good idea D．Thanks 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——海伦，你能带我去商店吗？——没问题。我们午饭后去吧。 No problem没问题；That’s all right没关系；Good idea好主意；Thanks谢谢。根据问句“could you please...”可知这是在请求帮助，结合答语后句“Let’s go after lunch.”可知对方同意了请求。No problem表示“没问题”，符合语境。 5．—There will be a music concert in the afternoon. ________ you go with me? —Sure. I’ll be there on time. A．Must B．Can C．Should D．Need 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——下午将有一场音乐会。你能和我一起去吗？——当然。我会准时到那里。 Must必须；Can能、可以；Should应该；Need需要。根据答语“Sure. I’ll be there on time.”可知，问句是表示请求或邀请。选Can，用于礼貌请求或邀请，符合对话逻辑。 6．—Could you please help me with the math problem, Helen? —________, but I’m too busy with my homework now. A．Yes, I can B．No problem C．Sorry, I can’t D．Wait for a moment 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——海伦，你能帮我解这道数学题吗？——没问题，但是我现在忙着写作业。 Yes, I can是的，我能；No problem没问题；Sorry, I can’t抱歉，我不能；Wait for a moment等一会儿。根据答语后半句“but I’m too busy with my homework now”可知，but表示转折，虽然答应了，但因太忙无法立刻帮忙，可能隐含先答应但需等待。No problem符合语境。 7．There ________ a clean living room and two tidy bedrooms in my new home. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在我的新家里有一个干净的客厅和两个整洁的卧室。 there be句型中be动词的形式由离它最近的名词决定，根据“a clean living room”可知为单数，且描述现状用一般现在时，应选用is。 8．—________ we play soccer here? —No, you ________ play it near the road. It’s too dangerous. A．Can; can B．Can; mustn’t C．Must; Must D．Must; can’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们可以在这里踢足球吗？——不，你不准在路边踢。太危险了。 Can可以；mustn’t禁止；Must必须；can’t不能。第一空根据“…we play soccer here?”可知是请求许可，应用Can；第二空根据“It’s too dangerous.”可知表示禁止，语气强烈，应用mustn’t。 9．—________ you please sweep the floor? —Yes, I’ll do it at once. A．Could B．Can C．May D．Should 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——请你扫一下地好吗？——好的，我马上就做。 Could能；Can能；May可以；Should应该。根据“...you please sweep the floor?”及答语可知，此处是委婉礼貌地请求对方做某事，常用固定句型“Could you please do sth.?”，语气比Can更委婉客气。应填Could。 10．—Could I hang out after finishing chores? —Sorry, you ________ pack up your boxes first. A．have to B．can C．could D．may 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——做完家务后我能出去玩吗？——抱歉，你必须先收拾好你的箱子。 have to必须/不得不；can能/可以；could能/可以（过去式或委婉语气）；may可以/可能。根据答语中的“Sorry”可知，说话者拒绝了对方出去玩的请求，并给出了必须先完成的任务作为条件或要求；“pack up your boxes first”是必须履行的义务，have to表示客观上的“必须”，符合语境。 二、完成句子 1．She can feel the love from her family in this small cottage. (改为否定句) She ________ ________ feel the love from her family in this small cottage. 【答案】 can not 【详解】句意：她能在这个小茅屋里感受到家人的爱。含情态动词can的肯定句变否定句，直接在can后面加否定词not即可，所以两个空依次填can；not。 2．Could you please wash the dishes? (作否定回答) ________, ________ ________. I have no time. 【答案】 Sorry I can’t 【详解】句意：你可以洗一下碗吗？作否定回答，情态动词could表示委婉请求，对于“Could you please...?”提出的请求，若不能答应，常用“Sorry, I can’t.”来礼貌拒绝。 3．I usually tidy my room on weekends.（改为一般疑问句） ________ you usually ________ your room on weekends? 【答案】 Do tidy 【详解】句意：我通常在周末整理我的房间。原句是一般现在时，主语是you，改为一般疑问句，需借助助动词do，位于句首，首字母需大写，谓语动词使用原形tidy。 4．你能扫地吗？ ________ ________ ________ sweep the floor? 【答案】 Could you please 【详解】原句中“你能……吗”是关键词，表示“你能……吗”的英文是Could you please...，是礼貌的请求句式。 5．我能和朋友们出去玩吗？ ________ ________ hang out with my friends? 【答案】 Can I 【详解】原句中“我能”是关键词，表示“能”用情态动词can，本句为一般疑问句，情态动词置于句首并大写，后接主语I。故填Can；I。 6．她找不到她的新鞋子了。(完成译句) She ________ ________ her new shoes. 【答案】 can’t find 【详解】原句中“找不到”是核心关键词，对应的英文固定表达是can’t find；情态动词can后接动词原形find，否定形式直接在can后加not缩写为can’t。 7．你今天下午能开车顺便送我去商店吗？ Could you please ____________________ to the shop this afternoon? 【答案】give me a lift/give me a ride 【详解】原句中“开车顺便送我”是关键词，表示“让某人搭便车”的短语为“give sb. a lift/give sb. a ride”。Could为情态动词，后接动词原形，人称代词“我”作宾语用宾格me。故填give me a lift/give me a ride。 8．你能顺路送我去商店吗？ Could you ________ ________ ________ ________ to the shop? 【答案】 give me a lift 【详解】原句中“顺路送我”是关键词。give sb. a lift“捎某人一程、顺路送某人”，固定短语；could“可以”，情态动词，后面接动词原形，因此give使用动词原形。 三、翻译 1．我能为你做什么？ _____________________________________ 【答案】What can I do for you? 【详解】“我能为你做什么？”译为What can I do for you?句子是what引导的特殊疑问句，“什么”用what表达，位于句首，首字母要大写；I“我”是句子的主语；“能”用can表达，是情态动词，其后接动词原形，问句中情态动词位于主语前；“做”用do表达，是动词原形，“为你”用for you表达。 2．你可以打扫一下地板吗?  (翻译句子) ______________________________________ 【答案】Could you please sweep the floor? 【详解】“你可以打扫一下地板吗?”译为“Could you please sweep the floor?”。表示委婉请求，常用句型 “Could you please do sth.?”（你能……吗？）；“打扫”译为sweep；“地板”译为the floor。情态动词Could提前构成一般疑问句，后接动词原形sweep，句末加问号。 3．我能在桌上放一些花吗？（汉译英，必须使用can/could完成句子，注意礼貌句式） _________________________________________________________ 【答案】Can I put some flowers on the table? 【详解】“我能在桌上放一些花吗？”译为“Can I put some flowers on the table?”。“我”译为I，作主语；“能”译为can，情态动词后跟动词原形，表示请求允许；“在桌上放一些花”译为put some flowers on the table。疑问句中将情态动词can提到主语前。 4．你能帮我把照片挂起来吗？（汉译英，必须使用can/could完成句子，注意礼貌句式） _________________________________________________________ 【答案】Could you help me hang up the photos? 【详解】“你能帮我把照片挂起来吗？”译为“Could you help me hang up the photos?”。题目要求注意“礼貌句式”，表示委婉礼貌的请求常用“Could you please...?”句型，“帮我”译为help me；“把……挂起来”译为hang up...；“照片”译为the photos。help sb. (to) do sth.译为“帮助某人做某事”，此处hang使用动词原形。 5．抱歉吉姆，但是你得先把你的东西收拾好。（汉译英，必须使用can/could完成句子，注意礼貌句式） _________________________________________________________ 【答案】Sorry, Jim, but you could put your things away first. 【详解】“抱歉吉姆，但是你得先把你的东西收拾好。”译为“Sorry, Jim, but you could put your things away first.”。“抱歉吉姆”用Sorry, Jim表示，是独立礼貌致歉语；“但是你得先把你的东西收拾好”用but you could put your things away first表示，句中could作情态动词，后接动词原形put，用来委婉提出建议与要求。 6．好的妈妈，我可以马上做。(汉译英，必须使用can/could完成句子，注意礼貌句式) _________________________________________________________ 【答案】OK, Mum. I could do it at once. 【详解】“好的妈妈，我可以马上做”译为OK, Mum. I could do it at once。其中“我”用I，作主语；“可以”用could，情态动词，后接动词原形do；it指代所要做的事情，作宾语；“马上”用 at once，作时间状语。could在此处不表示过去时态，用于当下对话，语气比can更加委婉礼貌，满足题目礼貌句式要求。 语篇拔高练 Passage A 阅读短文，选择最佳选项 Mom wants me to learn to do housework. — 1 I use your mop, Mom? —Sure, you 2 . But be careful not to make the floor wet everywhere. —Could I invite my friends to our house this weekend? —I’m afraid you 1 . We don’t have enough space. —Could you please 2 me fold my clothes? —I 3 help you later. Now I can’t. I need to clean the table. You 4 run inside the house. It’s dangerous. And you 5 throw rubbish everywhere. —Could we 6 some fruit for guests? —Yes, you can. I wonder 7 I borrow your storybook. —Of course. But you 8 keep it clean. 1．A．Must B．Can C．Need 2．A．can B．could C．must 3．A．can’t B．couldn’t C．needn’t 4．A．help B．to help C．helping 5．A．can B．could C．must 6．A．can B．can’t C．needn’t 7．A．can B．should C．shouldn’t 8．A．prepare B．to prepare C．preparing 9．A．can B．could C．must 10．A．can B．may C．must 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．A 4．A 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文是一组日常对话，围绕做家务、邀请朋友、求助家务、准备水果和借书等生活场景展开，体现了情态动词在请求许可、提出建议和表达义务中的用法。 【详解】 1．句意：妈妈，我可以用你的拖把吗？ 此处是请求许可，应用Can表示“可以”。Must意为“必须”，Need意为“需要”，均不符合请求允许的语境。 2．句意：——当然可以。 回答请求许可时，肯定回答用can。could虽也可用于请求，但回答时一般用can；must表示“必须”，不符合。 3．句意：恐怕你不能。 对方请求邀请朋友来家里，回答“恐怕不行”表示拒绝，应用can’t。couldn’t语气过强且不用于直接拒绝请求；needn’t意为“不必”，语义不符。 4．句意：你能帮我叠衣服吗？ “Could you please”后接动词原形，help符合。to help是不定式，helping是动名词，均不符合此句型。 5．句意：我待会儿可以帮你。 回答“稍后可以帮忙”表示现在不行但将来可以，应用can。could语气较不确定，must表示必须，均不符合。 6．句意：你不能在房子里跑。 室内奔跑是危险的，表示“禁止”应用can’t。can表示允许，needn’t表示不必，均不符合。 7．句意：你不应该到处扔垃圾。 “乱扔垃圾”是不该做的事，应用shouldn’t表示“不应该”。can表示允许，should表示应该，均不符合否定建议的语境。 8．句意：我们能给客人准备些水果吗？ “Could we”后接动词原形，prepare符合。to prepare是不定式，preparing是动名词，均不符合此句型。 9．句意：我想知道我能否借你的故事书。 “I wonder”后接宾语从句，此处表达委婉的请求许可，用could更符合语境，表示礼貌地询问“是否可以”；若用can则语气较为直白，不符合向对方借东西时委婉询问的交际习惯。 10．句意：但是你必须保持它干净。 借书后“必须”保持干净，表示义务用must。can表示许可，may表示可能，均不符合“必须做到”的强调语气。 Passage B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。 What do you think 1 doing housework? In my opinion, doing housework is 2 important part of people’s lives. It can help people a lot. 3 (one), doing housework can bring children closer to their parents. Some parents have little time to talk with their children, but they can 4 (invite) their children to do housework together. Then parents can talk with the children and know about 5 (they) school lives. Next, doing housework is 6 (real) good for people to stay healthy. People usually do some housework in their daily lives. For example, they need to tidy up rooms 7 wash clothes. Mopping (拖) the floor or 8 (hang) clothes on the balcony is also daily housework. Doing these chores can help people burn (燃烧) fat. Some people like feeding the fish and watering the 9 (flower) to relax. It’s also a good way 10 (keep) healthy. What’s more, doing housework is good for the environment 11 some ways. When people clean their houses, they always pack 12 their rubbish. If people 13 (sort) the rubbish into plastic, paper and glass before taking it out, this action 14 (help) protect the environment. In a word, doing housework can bring people many benefits (益处). If they keep doing housework, they will get more surprises. So, dear friends, from now on, don’t be lazy! Whether it’s cleaning your room, washing the dishes, 15 helping your parents with other chores, every small effort makes a difference. 【答案】 1．of 2．an 3．First/Firstly 4．invite 5．their 6．really 7．and 8．hanging 9．flowers 10．to keep 11．in 12．up 13．sort 14．will help 15．or 【导语】本文介绍了做家务的好处，包括拉近亲子关系、有益健康和保护环境等方面。 【详解】 1．句意：你认为做家务怎么样？固定搭配think of表示“认为、觉得”，用于询问看法，故填of。 2．句意：在我看来，做家务是人们生活中重要的一部分。泛指“重要的一部分”，important以元音音素开头，故填an。 3．句意：首先，做家务可以拉近孩子与父母的距离。表示列举顺序，用副词First或Firstly均可，位于句首首字母大写，故填First/Firstly。 4．句意：但是父母可以邀请孩子一起做家务。情态动词can后接动词原形，故填invite。 5．句意：然后父母可以和孩子们交谈，了解他们的学校生活。修饰名词lives需用形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词是their。 6．句意：其次，做家务对人们保持健康确实有好处。修饰形容词good需用副词，real的副词形式是really。 7．句意：例如，他们需要整理房间和洗衣服。tidy up rooms与wash clothes为并列关系，用and连接。 8．句意：拖地或在阳台上晾衣服也是日常家务。与Mopping并列作主语，用动名词形式，hang的动名词是hanging。 9．句意：有些人喜欢喂鱼和浇花来放松。flower为可数名词，此处表示泛指用复数，故填flowers。 10．句意：这也是保持健康的好方法。动词不定式作后置定语修饰way，故填to keep。 11．句意：此外，做家务在某些方面对环境也有好处。固定搭配in some ways表示“在某些方面”，故填in。 12．句意：当人们打扫房子时，他们总是打包垃圾。固定搭配pack up表示“打包、收拾”，故填up。 13．句意：如果人们在扔垃圾之前将垃圾分类成塑料、纸张和玻璃。条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来，主语people为复数，故填sort。 14．句意：这个行动将有助于保护环境。条件状语从句中用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，故填will help。 15．句意：无论是打扫房间、洗碗，还是帮父母做其他家务。whether...or...表示“无论是……还是……”，连接并列选项，故填or。 Passage C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。 What do you like doing when you are free? Most children like watching TV or playing games, but Jacob from the US is 1 (difference). The 12-year-old boy 2 (enjoy) making things by crocheting (用钩针编织). Last year, Jacob’s grandma came and lived in his home 3 a week. She decorated the house with the things she made. The sofa, even the cups were 4 (cover) with something beautiful. Jacob sometimes saw her crocheting. Slowly, he was familiar 5 the activity. Then he got interested in it and learnt it from his grandma. After his grandma left, Jacob took crocheting 6 (lesson) online. He often learnt the skill happily in front of the computer. Jacob made some animal dolls by himself 7 (final). They looked very cute. Jacob was 8 (care) with them and shared them online. He 9 (describe) his dolls with humorous words. Soon Jacob’s dolls got popular on 10 Internet. Many people wanted to buy them. Jacob thought, “If I can make some money to pay for school, that will be great.” So he decided 11 (sell) his dolls. Jacob got 12 (many) than 80 orders soon. It usually took him many hours to make one doll, 13 he didn’t have enough time to do the work. As a student, he could only do it at weekends. Jacob had to tell the buyers they needed to wait. They all said OK. “School comes 14 (one). Let Jacob take his time,” one of the buyers said. After Jacob finished all the work, he 15 (pack) and sent them. All the buyers were happy with the dolls they got. 【答案】 1．different 2．enjoys 3．for 4．covered 5．with 6．lessons 7．finally 8．careful 9．described 10．the 11．to sell 12．more 13．so 14．first 15．packed 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个名叫雅各布的12岁男孩学习钩针编织，并最终将其发展为一项成功的小生意的故事。 【详解】 1．句意：大多数孩子喜欢看电视或打游戏，但来自美国的雅各布不一样。is后需要形容词作表语；difference是名词“不同”，形容词形式为different“不同的”。 2．句意：这个12岁男孩喜欢钩针编织做手工。描述爱好时态为一般现在时，主语“the 12-year-old boy”是第三人称单数，动词enjoy变为三单enjoys。 3．句意：去年，雅各布的奶奶来他家住了一周。“for+一段时间”表示动作持续多久，for a week意为“持续一周”。 4．句意：沙发，甚至杯子都被漂亮的编织物包裹着。主语“the sofa, the cups”和“cover（覆盖）”是被动关系，被动语态结构“be+过去分词”，cover的过去分词是covered。 5．句意：慢慢地，他熟悉了这项手艺。 固定搭配be familiar with sth.“熟悉某物”。 6．句意：奶奶离开后，雅各布在网上上钩针编织课。 lesson是可数名词，此处泛指多节课程，用复数lessons，take lessons“上课”。 7．句意：雅各布最后独自做出了一些动物玩偶。修饰整个句子要用副词，final是形容词“最终的”，副词形式finally“最后”。 8．句意：雅各布细心对待这些玩偶，并把它们分享到网上。was后接形容词作表语；care是动词及名词，派生词careful是形容词，be careful with“细心对待……”。 9．句意：他用风趣的文字描述自己的玩偶。上下文时态为一般过去时“made, looked, shared”，所以describe要变成过去式described。 10．句意：很快雅各布的玩偶在网上火了。固定搭配on the Internet“在互联网上”，Internet是独一无二的事物，前面必须加定冠词the。 11．句意：所以他决定卖掉自己的玩偶。固定搭配decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，不定式作宾语。 12．句意：雅各布很快收到了80多份订单。 考查“比较级+than”，many的比较级是more。 13．句意：做一个玩偶通常要花费他好几个小时，所以他没有充足时间完成订单。前半句是原因，后半句是结果，连词so“因此，所以”表因果。 14．句意：学业第一，让雅各布慢慢来。固定短语come first“排在第一位、最重要”；one是基数词，序数词是first“第一”，表示学业的重要性排序。 15．句意：雅各布完成所有手工后，打包并寄出了玩偶。and连接并列谓语，后面sent是send过去式，时态为一般过去时，所以pack变过去式packed。 Passage D Last Sunday, my cousin Lily came to stay at my new flat for two days. Before she arrived, Mum told me we needed to tidy every room and get everything ready. “Could you please 1 (sweep) the living room floor?” Mum asked me after breakfast. I agreed and started cleaning right away. My little sister was asked 2 (water) the flowers on the balcony, but she said she needed help carrying the heavy watering pot. I told her, “Could I help you 3 (carry) it together?” She smiled and nodded. At noon, we planned to make fruit salad for lunch. Lily said, “Can I borrow your small knife to cut apples?” I handed it to her and reminded her to be careful. After lunch, all of us worked together to clean up the kitchen. No one refused 4 (do) their part of chores. In the afternoon, Lily wanted to hang up her travel photos on my bedroom wall. “Could I use your tape?” she asked politely. I gave her the tape and helped her stick all the photos well. While we worked, we talked about what home meant to each of us. Lily said she often helps her parents take out rubbish and fold clothes at home, and she never waits for her parents 5 (remind) her. I used to hate doing housework and always refused my parents’ requests. But this weekend with Lily 6 (change) my opinion completely. I realized simple chores were just small ways 7 (show) love for my family. If your parents look tired after work, you can offer to clean the bathroom or pack up messy boxes for them. If you need others’ help at home, remember to use polite sentences with can or could. 8 (polite) words make every request much easier to accept. Every small helpful act counts. No matter how busy your study life 9 (be), spare some time to share housework with your family. You will find your home becomes far 10 (sweet) than before. 【答案】 1．sweep 2．to water 3．carry/to carry 4．to do 5．to remind 6．changed 7．to show 8．Polite 9．is 10．sweeter 【导语】本文记叙了作者和表妹莉莉一起做家务的经历，讲述作者在这次经历后改变了对做家务的看法，懂得家务是向家人表达爱意的方式，倡导大家主动分担家务、礼貌求助。 【详解】 1．句意：你能帮忙打扫客厅地板吗？“Could you please+动词原形”是礼貌请求的固定句型，此处could表委婉语气，并非过去式，please后必须使用动词原形，应填sweep。 2．句意：妹妹被要求去给阳台的花浇水。固定搭配ask sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，本句为被动语态be asked to do sth.，不定式作主语补足语，应填to water。 3．句意：我可以和你一起帮忙拎水壶吗？固定搭配help sb. (to) do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，不定式符号to可省略、也可保留，两种形式均正确。应填carry/to carry。 4．句意：没有人拒绝做自己分内的家务。固定搭配refuse to do sth.，不定式作refuse的宾语，含义为“拒绝做某事”，应填to do。 5．句意：她从来不会等着父母提醒自己。固定搭配wait for sb. to do sth.，不定式作宾语补足语，表示“等待某人做某事”，应填to remind。 6．句意：但这个和莉莉共度的周末彻底改变了我的想法。文章叙事部分以一般过去时为主，动作发生在上周日，change要用过去式，应填changed。 7．句意：我意识到简单的家务只是向家人表达爱意的小方式。固定结构the way to do sth.，不定式作后置定语修饰way，表“做某事的方式”，应填to show。 8．句意：礼貌的话语会让请求更容易被接受。空格修饰名词words，括号内polite为形容词，句首首字母大写，形容词直接作定语，应填Polite。 9．句意：无论你的学习生活多忙碌，都要抽出时间和家人分担家务。no matter how引导让步状语从句，主语your study life为单数名词，该句所在段落表示普遍建议，使用一般现在时，主谓一致be动词用is。 10．句意：你会发现家变得比以前温馨得多。标志词than提示使用形容词比较级；far可以修饰比较级加强程度，sweet的比较级为sweeter，应填sweeter。 Passage E 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 Have you ever 1 (hear) the saying, “Home sweet home”? This is just another way of saying that it   2 (be) nice to be home! A lot of the people and things we love are at home. What do you like about being at home? What do you like 3 (well) about being at home? Maybe you like to play with your brothers and sisters. Maybe you enjoy 4 (stay) with your mum and dad. Maybe you have 5 pet you like to play with. Spending time with your family is one thing that makes being 6 home special. Your bedroom is another thing that makes home 7 (specially). Your toys, your books, and your favourite things are in 8 (you) bedroom. Consider what you like best about your room. Is it how it looks? Is it your comfortable bed that you sleep on? Maybe you like to have a quiet place 9 (read) a book or to think about your day. Mealtime can be a special time at home. Families sit around the table to eat the food Mum or Dad has prepared. It’s a time to share interesting 10 (story) about your day. How do you help at home? There are a lot of things to do to make home a special place. Who does the chores like 11 (clean), cooking, and yardwork (庭院劳动) at your house? When families work together to do the chores, it makes them 12 (easy) and more fun for everyone. Maybe you can help 13 (lay) the dinner table or clear the places. Maybe you can pull weeds (杂草) out of the flower garden. Maybe you can water the vegetable garden 14 the houseplants. Think about what you can do, so that 15 you come home every day, you can say, “Home sweet home!” 【答案】 1．heard 2．is 3．best 4．staying 5．a 6．at 7．special 8．your 9．to read 10．stories 11．cleaning 12．easier 13．lay/to lay 14．or 15．when 【导语】本文主要围绕“家，甜蜜的家”这一主题，从与家人共度时光、拥有专属卧室、温馨用餐时间三个方面介绍了人们喜欢待在家里的原因，并探讨了如何通过分担家务来共同建设美好的家庭生活。 【详解】 1．句意：你曾经听过“家，甜蜜的家”这句俗语吗？根据助动词“Have”和副词“ever”可知，此处是现在完成时“have/has + 过去分词”，动词hear需用过去分词形式heard。 2．句意：这只是表达“回家真好”的另一种方式！此处描述的是普遍的感受与客观事实，时态应用一般现在时，主语“it”为单数第三人称，be动词需用is。 3．句意：在家里你最喜欢的是什么？根据后文第三段中的“what you like best about your room”可知，此处是固定搭配“like…best”，表示“最喜欢……”，well的最高级形式为best。 4．句意：也许你喜欢和爸爸妈妈待在一起。根据空前的动词“enjoy”以及固定搭配“enjoy doing sth.”（喜欢/享受做某事）可知，此处需接动名词作宾语，stay的动名词形式为staying。 5．句意：也许你有一只喜欢一起玩的宠物。根据空后的单数可数名词“pet”以及语境可知，此处表示泛指“一只宠物”，且“pet”以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 6．句意：和家人在一起是让待在家里变得特别的一件事。根据空后的名词“home”可知，此处是固定短语“at home”，意为“在家里”，应用介词at。 7．句意：你的卧室是让家变得特别的另一件事。根据句型“make + 宾语 + 形容词作宾补”可知，此处需用形容词作宾语补足语，副词specially的形容词形式为special。 8．句意：你的玩具、你的书和你最喜欢的东西都在你的卧室里。根据空后的名词“bedroom”可知，此处需用形容词性物主代词作定语，you的形容词性物主代词形式为your。 9．句意：也许你喜欢有一个安静的地方来读书或思考你的一天。根据空后的并列不定式“or to think about your day”可知，此处需用动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词“place”，动词read需用不定式形式to read。 10．句意：这是一个分享关于你一天的趣事的时间。根据空前的形容词“interesting”且前面无冠词可知，此处需用可数名词的复数形式作宾语，story的复数形式为stories。 11．句意：在你的家里，谁来做像打扫卫生、做饭和庭院劳动这样的家务？根据空前的介词“like”以及后文并列的“cooking”可知，此处需用动名词形式作介词宾语，动词clean需用动名词形式cleaning。 12．句意：当全家人一起做家务时，会让家务对每个人来说都变得更容易、更有趣。根据空后的并列比较级“and more fun”可知，此处也应用形容词的比较级形式，easy的比较级形式为easier。 13．句意：也许你可以帮忙摆餐桌或收拾地方。根据固定搭配“help (to) do sth.”（帮助做某事）可知，动词help后可接动词原形或动词不定式作宾语。 14．句意：也许你可以给菜园或者室内植物浇水。根据空前的“the vegetable garden”与空后的“the houseplants”可知，此处连接两个并列的宾语，应用选择连词or表示“或者”。 15．句意：想一想你可以做些什么，这样当你每天回到家，你就可以说：“家，甜蜜的家！”根据空后的“you come home every day”可知，此处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，应用连词when。 Passage F 阅读短文，选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 glad they see best flower careful when clean until about Alice needed some money for a Mother’s Day present. She told her father 1 her problem. “I’ll pay you to do the housework if you want. You can 2 the house,” her father said. “You can also wash my car and Mum’s. You can see they’re really dirty. Both of 3 need to be washed.” Alice agreed and washed her father’s car very 4 . “It is too late. You don’t have time to wash Mum’s car,” Dad said 5 he paid her. The next morning Alice got up early. First she washed her mother’s car 6 it was very clean. Then she went to the flower shop and bought a bunch (束) of 7 . After breakfast Alice asked her mother to go to the garage (车库). “Wow!” Alice’s mother said. “My car is gleaming (发光的).” “Open the door, Mum,” Alice said. Alice’s mother opened the door. There on the seat she 8 the present for her—some beautiful flowers. “Happy Mother’s Day!” Alice said. Alice’s mother was very 9 . She gave her a big hug and said, “Thank you, honey. This is the 10 present for me.” 【答案】 1．about 2．clean 3．them 4．carefully 5．when 6．until 7．flowers 8．saw 9．glad 10．best 【导语】本文讲述了爱丽丝挣钱想给妈妈买母亲节礼物，连夜洗好妈妈的车，送上鲜花，妈妈十分感动。 【详解】 1．句意：她把她的烦恼告诉了父亲。根据“She told her father…her problem.”可知，此处表示“向父亲诉说关于她的问题”，备选词about“关于”符合题意。 2．句意：你可以打扫房子。根据前文“do the housework”可知，此处指打扫房屋，clean“打扫”符合题意，且情态动词can后接动词原形。 3．句意：它们俩都需要洗。根据“You can also wash my car and Mum’s.”可知，此处指代前文提到的两辆车，both of后接代词宾格，they的宾格是them，them“它们”符合题意。 4．句意：爱丽丝同意了，并且非常仔细地洗了她父亲的车。此处需要填入副词来修饰动词“washed”，表示洗车洗得很认真，备选词careful的副词形式carefully“仔细地”符合题意。 5．句意：父亲在付钱给她时说道：“太晚了。你没有时间洗你妈妈的车了。”根据“Dad said…he paid her.”可知，此处表示父亲在付钱给她时，when“当……时”符合题意，引导时间状语从句。 6．句意：首先她洗了她妈妈的车，直到它变得非常干净。根据“she washed her mother’s car…it was very clean”可知，此处表示洗车一直持续到干净为止，until“直到”符合题意，引导时间状语从句。 7．句意：然后她去了花店，买了一束花。根据前文“went to the flower shop”可知，此处买的是花，flower的复数形式flowers“花”符合题意。 8．句意：在座位上，她看到了给她的礼物——一些美丽的花。此处表示妈妈打开车门后“看见”了礼物，see的过去式saw“看见”符合题意，与全文一般过去时的时态保持一致。 9．句意：爱丽丝的妈妈非常高兴。根据后文“She gave her a big hug and said, ‘Thank you, honey.’”可知，妈妈收到礼物非常开心，glad“高兴的”符合题意。 10．句意：这是给我最好的礼物。根据前文“This is the”可知，此处表示“最好的”礼物，good的最高级是best，best“最好的”符合题意。 Passage G 将方框中所给词的适当形式填入短文中，每个词语仅用一次。 remind  activity  take out  treasure  clean up  share  freshly  together  go shopping  make Home is a place where we can truly be ourselves. If I have to describe my family, I will say we’ re like a team that supports one another. We live in a small apartment, but it’s always filled with laughter and love. Every weekend, we plan 1 together like baking bread or 2 . The smell of 3 baked bread fills the air, it 4 me feel safe and loved. Family is a 5 that brings us great joy. Even on busy days. we try to eat dinner together and talk about our lives. No matter how simple our lives are, these moments 6 us that love and effort make a house a home. Home is a place where we can truly be ourselves. It’s not just a building but a space full of warmth and love. Living 7 with family members makes home a lively and loving environment. Doing housework together gives us a sense of responsibility of our home. We should 8 the housework with family members. We can take turns doing different tasks. I like to 9 rubbish or 10 the rooms. By making home a clean and harmonious place, we enhance our family bond and enjoy a better life. 【答案】 1．activities 2．going shopping 3．freshly 4．makes 5．treasure 6．remind 7．together 8．share 9．take out 10．clean up 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了家庭的重要性，描述了作者一家人如何通过共同活动及分担家务来营造充满爱与温暖的家庭氛围。 【详解】 1．句意：每个周末，我们一起计划活动，比如烤面包或去购物。plan“计划”是动词，其后接名词作宾语，结合“like baking bread”和所给词语，activity“活动”符合语境，activity是可数名词，此处泛指多种活动，应用复数形式activities。 2．句意：每个周末，我们一起计划活动，比如烤面包或去购物。or“或者”连接具有选择关系的并列成分，结合其前的“baking bread”和所给词语，go shopping“去购物”符合语境，like“像”是介词，动词baking是动名词形式，此处go也要用动名词形式going，因此，此处填going shopping。 3．句意：刚烤好的面包的香味充满了空气，它使我感到安全和被爱。根据“bread”和“fills the air”可知，此处指烤出的面包的香味，结合所给词语，此处用副词freshly“新鲜地”修饰过去分词baked，作状语。 4．句意：刚烤好的面包的香味充满了空气，它使我感到安全和被爱。结合句意和所给词语可知，此处考查固定短语make sb. do sth.，意为“使某人做某事”，主语it指代The smell，为第三人称单数，根据上下文时态可知，句子为一般现在时，动词要用第三人称单数，make的第三人称单数形式是makes。 5．句意：家庭是带给我们巨大快乐的宝藏。不定冠词a后接可数名词单数，结合句意和所给词语，treasure符合语境，意为“宝藏”。 6．句意：无论我们的生活多么简单，这些时刻提醒我们爱和努力使房子成为家。根据设空可知，此处应填入动词，作谓语，结合句意和所给词语，remind“提醒”符合语境，主语these moments“这些时刻”为复数，谓语动词应用原形。 7．句意：与家人住在一起使家成为一个生动且充满爱的环境。根据句意和所给词语可知，此处考查常用搭配together with sb.，意为“和某人一起”。 8．句意：我们应该与家人分担家务。根据句意和所给词语可知，此处考查固定短语share sth. with sb.，意为“和某人分享某物”，share是动词，should“应该”为情态动词，情态动词后接动词原形。 9．句意：我喜欢倒垃圾或打扫房间。根据“different tasks”和空后的“rubbish”，以及所给词或短语可知，take out符合语境，take out rubbish为固定搭配，意为“倒垃圾”，like to do sth.是固定短语，意为“喜欢做某事”，to后接动词原形构成动词不定式，在句中作宾语。 10．句意：我喜欢倒垃圾或打扫房间。根据“different tasks”和空后的“the rooms”，以及所给词或短语可知，clean up符合语境，clean up the rooms为固定搭配，意为“打扫房间”，or“或者”连接并列成分，前后两个动词词形要一致，因此，此处用动词原形clean up。 Passage H 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 collect  prepare  research  present  encourage  finish  learn  promote  appreciate  share Our class launched a “Home Sweet Home” project last month. The goal was to 1 the warmth of family among students. First, we divided into groups and 2 our tasks. Some groups were responsible for 3 the history of family traditions in our city, while others 4 stories of warm family moments from classmates. I was in charge of interviewing my aunt. She shared how small daily interactions made her home full of love. Her words 5 me to value every moment with my family. We spent two weeks 6 materials and making a short video. By the time the project ended, we had 7 all the work and made wonderful presentation slides. Last week, we 8 our project to the whole school. We also 9 the useful advice from teachers and students to improve our future activities. Everyone agreed that this project helped us 10 more about the true meaning of home. 【答案】 1．promote 2．prepared 3．researching 4．shared 5．encouraged 6．collecting 7．finished 8．presented 9．appreciated 10．learn 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者班级上个月开展了一个名为“温馨家园”的项目，旨在促进学生间的家庭温暖，描述了项目的分组、任务分配、实施过程以及最终的展示和收获。 【详解】 1．句意：目标是促进学生间的家庭温暖。be to do sth.表示“目的是做某事”，此处用动词原形，项目目标是在学生中传递、弘扬家庭温情，动词promote符合语境。 2．句意：首先，我们分成小组，准备任务。and连接并列谓语，前文divided为过去式，此处也用过去式，此处指分组后准备任务，用动词prepare的过去式prepared。 3．句意：一些小组负责研究我们城市的家庭传统历史，而另一些小组则分享了同学们温暖的家庭时刻。介词for后接动词作宾语，此处指部分小组负责研究本市家庭传统的历史，用动词research的动名词形式researching。 4．句意：一些小组负责研究我们城市的家庭传统历史，而另一些小组则分享了同学们温暖的家庭时刻。while引导并列句，时态与前句were保持一致，用过去式，此处指另一些小组则分享了同学们温暖的家庭时刻，用动词share的过去式shared。 5．句意：她的话鼓励我珍惜与家人在一起的每一刻。叙述过去发生的事情，谓语动词用过去式，阿姨的话对我有鼓励作用，用动词encourage的过去式encouraged。 6．句意：我们花了两周时间收集材料和制作短视频。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，此处指花时间收集材料，用动词collect的动名词形式collecting。 7．句意：当项目结束时，我们已经完成了所有的工作，并制作了精彩的演示幻灯片。had后接过去分词构成过去完成时，表示在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作，此处指项目结束时已经完成了所有工作，用动词finish的过去分词finished。 8．句意：上周，我们向全校展示了我们的项目。时间状语Last week提示句子用一般过去时，指上周向全校展示项目成果，用动词present的过去式presented。 9．句意：我们也感谢老师和同学们提出的有益建议，以改进我们未来的活动。叙述过去发生的动作，用动词过去式，指我们十分感谢师生提出的改进建议，用动词appreciate的过去式appreciated。 10．句意：每个人都认为这个项目帮助我们更多地了解了家的真正意义。help sb. (to) do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，此处用动词原形，指项目帮助大家更多了解家的真正意义，动词learn符合语境。 Passage I 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，并将答案填写到答题卡的相应位置。每个词限用一次。 fun  house  how  remind  bored  wonderful  somewhere  make  them  hunt  if Nobody likes to do chores, especially children. 1 can you help your children enjoy doing chores? Try making chores fun for them. Play some music: Music 2 everything seem like a party, doesn’t it? Play your children’s favorite music and let 3 dance around while they are doing chores. 4 music gives both of you a happy time. Make it a treasure 5 : Who can say no to such a fun game? It’s a smart way when you would like your children to clean the 6 . Let them know that you hide (藏) a $5 bill (纸币) 7 . If they find the bill, they can keep it. But 8 them to keep the house clean! Change often: If your children keep doing the same chores for months, they may feel 9 to do them. Give your children a new task (任务) and they will feel more excited. Do it together: It’s never 10 to be the only one working and watching everyone else relax. You’d better spend more time doing chores with your children. 11 everyone plays a part in doing chores, your children will finish them faster and have more fun. 【答案】 1．How 2．makes 3．them 4．Fun 5．hunt 6．house 7．somewhere 8． remind 1．bored 2．wonderful 3．If 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何让做家务变得有趣，通过播放音乐、寻宝游戏及共同劳动等建议，帮助孩子们享受家务劳动的过程。 【详解】 1．句意：你要怎样才能帮助孩子喜欢做家务？空处作特殊疑问词，位于句首引导特殊疑问句，后文介绍多种方法，how意为“如何、怎样”，符合语境。 2．句意：音乐让所有事都像一场派对，不是吗？空处作句子谓语，此处表示音乐的效果，固定结构make sth. seem…表示“使某物看起来……”，符合语境，主语Music为单数，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式makes。 3．句意：放孩子们喜欢的音乐，让他们做家务时四处跳舞。空处作let的宾语，指代前文your children，人称代词宾格them意为“他们”，符合语境。 4．句意：有趣的音乐带给你们二人一段快乐的时光。空处作定语修饰名词music，需要形容词，上文提到音乐使孩子们跳舞，fun意为“有趣的”，符合语境。 5．句意：把它变成一场寻宝游戏。空前有a，可知空处为单数名词，下文提到“such a fun game”，是一种游戏，hunt意为“搜寻活动”，treasure hunt表示“寻宝游戏”，符合语境。 6．句意：如果你想让孩子们打扫屋子，这是个巧妙的办法。空处为名词作clean的宾语，上文提到让孩子们做家务，clean the house表示“打扫房子”，符合语境。 7．句意：让他们知道你在某个地方藏了一张5美元纸币。空处作地点状语，副词somewhere意为“在某处”，符合藏钱的语境。 8．句意：但要提醒他们保持房屋整洁！本句为祈使句，空处为动词原形，根据“保持房屋整洁”可知此处指提醒孩子们，固定搭配remind sb. to do sth.表示“提醒某人做某事”。 9．句意：如果孩子连续几个月做相同的家务，他们可能会感到无聊。空处作系动词feel的表语，做相同的家务会使孩子们感到无聊，修饰人用形容词bored，意为“感到无聊的”，符合语境。 10．句意：只有自己干活，看着其他人休息，这件事一点都不美好。 空处作表语，需形容词；独自干活会感到不愉快，wonderful 意为 “美好的、令人愉悦的”，符合语境。 11．句意：如果每个人都分担家务，你的孩子会更快完成并且收获更多快乐。空处引导条件状语从句，if意为“如果”，句首首字母大写，符合前后条件关系。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Home Sweet Home重点语法 考点：情态动词 can 和 could —— “请求”与“许可” 一、知识精讲 1. 情态动词概述 情态动词（Modal Verbs）本身有一定词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气，但不能单独作谓语，必须和动词原形一起构成谓语。can和could都是情态动词，常用于表示能力、提出请求、请求许可和给予许可等。 2. can 和 could 的核心用法 （1）表示能力（ability） 用法 例句 can 表示现在或一般的能力，意为“能，会” She can speak French fluently. 她能流利说法语。 could 表示过去的能力（can的过去式） He could ride a bike at 5. 他五岁时就会骑自行车了。 （2）提出请求（Requests）——请求对方做某事 句型 说明 Can / Could you (please) + 动词原形...? 主语为you，礼貌地请求对方帮忙做事 教材原句： · Could you please sweep the floor? 你能扫一下地吗？ · Can you help me hang up the photos? 你能帮我挂照片吗？ （3）请求许可（Permission）——询问自己能否做某事 句型 说明 Can / Could I + 动词原形...? 主语为I，询问自己是否可以做某事 教材原句： · Could I hang out with my friends after lunch? 午饭后我能和朋友出去玩吗？ · Can I put some flowers on the table? 我能在桌子上放些花吗？ （4）表示可能性（possibility） can和could也可以表示推测或可能性。 · can 表示理论或逻辑上的可能性：Smoking can cause cancer. 吸烟可能导致癌症。 · could 表示更不确定的推测：It could rain tomorrow. 明天可能会下雨。 （5）提出建议（suggestion） · We can eat in a restaurant this evening. 今晚我们可以在餐馆吃饭。 · We could go fishing this weekend. 这个周末我们可以去钓鱼。 3. can 与 could 的语气区别（最高频考点） can could 语气 直接、较随意 更委婉、更礼貌 适用场景 熟人之间、平级对话 对长辈、陌生人或正式场合 时态含义 现在/一般能力 ①过去的能力 ②不表示过去时态，只表委婉语气 ⚠️ 关键注意：在提出请求和请求许可的句型中，could 不表示过去时态，只表示更委婉礼貌的语气！ 4. 常见应答方式 句型类型 肯定回答 否定回答 提出请求 (Could/Can you...?) Sure. / Of course. / No problem. / Certainly. Sorry, I can't. / I have to... 请求许可 (Could/Can I...?) Yes, you can. / Good idea! Sorry, you can't. / I'm afraid you can't. ⚠️ 超级易错点（必考！） ： · 问句用 could 提问时，答句只能用 can，不能用 could！ · ✅ 正确：—Could I use your pen? —Yes, you can. · ❌ 错误：—Could I use your pen? —Yes, you could.  5. 句型结构对比总结 功能 句型结构 主语 中文含义 提出请求 (R) Can/Could you (please) + 动词原形? you 请你…好吗？ 请求许可 (P) Can/Could I + 动词原形? I 我能……吗？ 📌 判断技巧：主语为you时是“请求别人做事”(R)；主语为I时是“征求别人许可”(P)。 6. 其他情态动词 can/could 用法补充 · 给予许可：You can go now. 你现在可以走了。 · 表示“不可能”（否定推测） ：He can't be at home now. The lights are off. 他现在不可能在家，灯都关了。 二、即学即用 一、用 can / could 填空（注意区分能力和请求！） 1. —______ you open the window? It's too hot in here. —Sure. 2. When I was five, I ______ count to 100. 3. —______ I use your phone? Mine is out of battery. —Yes, you ______. 4. She ______ speak three languages when she was in college. 5. —______ you please pass me the salt? —Of course. 2、 单项选择 1. —______ you please help me clean up the room? —Sure. A. Does  B. Could  C. Must  D. Are 2. —Could I hang out with my friends? —Yes, you ______. A. could  B. can  C. are  D. need 3. —______ I put the photos on the wall? —Yes, you can. A. Can  B. Do  C. Does  D. Must 4. Could you please ______ the floor? A. sweeps  B. to sweep  C. sweeping  D. sweep 5. —Could I use your scissors? —Sorry, you ______. I'm using them now. A. needn't   B. couldn't  C. can't   D. won't 三、判断句子类型（R=请求别人做事，P=征求许可）  1. Could you please water the plants? (____) 2. Can I go to the movies with my friends? (____) 3. Could you help me hang up the photos? (____) 4. Can I borrow your chess set? (____) 5. Could you please take out the rubbish? (____) 四、句型转换  1. Could you please fold the clothes?（作否定完整回答） Sorry, ______ ______ clean the bathroom now. 2. I can help my mum do the dishes.（改为征求许可的一般疑问句） ______ ______ help my mum do the dishes? 3. Can I hang out after school?（改为语气更委婉的同义句） ______ ______ hang out after school? 4. You can't play outside before finishing homework.（同义句改写，改为礼貌请求） ______ you please ______ outside before finishing homework? 五、翻译句子  1. 你能告诉我怎么去火车站吗？ ? 2. 他小时候会弹吉他。 . 3. 我能借你的笔吗？ ? 词句基础练 一、单项选择 1．—Could you please ________ the floor for me? —Sure, no problem. A．sweep B．sweeping C．sweeps D．swept 2．—Could you help me wash clothes? —________. I’m busy with my study now. A．Sure B．Of course C．Sorry D．No problem 3．—Can I ________ my friends to our new house this weekend? —Yes, you can. A．invite B．teach C．promise D．protect 4．—Helen , could you please take me to the shop? —__________. Let’s go after lunch. A．No problem B．That’s all right C．Good idea D．Thanks 5．—There will be a music concert in the afternoon. ________ you go with me? —Sure. I’ll be there on time. A．Must B．Can C．Should D．Need 6．—Could you please help me with the math problem, Helen? —________, but I’m too busy with my homework now. A．Yes, I can B．No problem C．Sorry, I can’t D．Wait for a moment 7．There ________ a clean living room and two tidy bedrooms in my new home. A．is B．are C．was D．were 8．—________ we play soccer here? —No, you ________ play it near the road. It’s too dangerous. A．Can; can B．Can; mustn’t C．Must; Must D．Must; can’t 9．—________ you please sweep the floor? —Yes, I’ll do it at once. A．Could B．Can C．May D．Should 10．—Could I hang out after finishing chores? —Sorry, you ________ pack up your boxes first. A．have to B．can C．could D．may 二、完成句子 1．She can feel the love from her family in this small cottage. (改为否定句) She ________ ________ feel the love from her family in this small cottage. 2．Could you please wash the dishes? (作否定回答) ________, ________ ________. I have no time. 3．I usually tidy my room on weekends.（改为一般疑问句） ________ you usually ________ your room on weekends? 4．你能扫地吗？ ________ ________ ________ sweep the floor? 5．我能和朋友们出去玩吗？ ________ ________ hang out with my friends? 6．她找不到她的新鞋子了。(完成译句) She ________ ________ her new shoes. 7．你今天下午能开车顺便送我去商店吗？ Could you please ____________________ to the shop this afternoon? 8．你能顺路送我去商店吗？ Could you ________ ________ ________ ________ to the shop? 三、翻译 1．我能为你做什么？ _____________________________________ 2．你可以打扫一下地板吗?  (翻译句子) ______________________________________ 3．我能在桌上放一些花吗？（汉译英，必须使用can/could完成句子，注意礼貌句式） _________________________________________________________ 4．你能帮我把照片挂起来吗？（汉译英，必须使用can/could完成句子，注意礼貌句式） _________________________________________________________ 5．抱歉吉姆，但是你得先把你的东西收拾好。（汉译英，必须使用can/could完成句子，注意礼貌句式） _________________________________________________________ 6．好的妈妈，我可以马上做。(汉译英，必须使用can/could完成句子，注意礼貌句式) _________________________________________________________ 语篇拔高练 Passage A 阅读短文，选择最佳选项 Mom wants me to learn to do housework. — 1 I use your mop, Mom? —Sure, you 2 . But be careful not to make the floor wet everywhere. —Could I invite my friends to our house this weekend? —I’m afraid you 1 . We don’t have enough space. —Could you please 2 me fold my clothes? —I 3 help you later. Now I can’t. I need to clean the table. You 4 run inside the house. It’s dangerous. And you 5 throw rubbish everywhere. —Could we 6 some fruit for guests? —Yes, you can. I wonder 7 I borrow your storybook. —Of course. But you 8 keep it clean. 1．A．Must B．Can C．Need 2．A．can B．could C．must 3．A．can’t B．couldn’t C．needn’t 4．A．help B．to help C．helping 5．A．can B．could C．must 6．A．can B．can’t C．needn’t 7．A．can B．should C．shouldn’t 8．A．prepare B．to prepare C．preparing 9．A．can B．could C．must 10．A．can B．may C．must Passage B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。 What do you think 1 doing housework? In my opinion, doing housework is 2 important part of people’s lives. It can help people a lot. 3 (one), doing housework can bring children closer to their parents. Some parents have little time to talk with their children, but they can 4 (invite) their children to do housework together. Then parents can talk with the children and know about 5 (they) school lives. Next, doing housework is 6 (real) good for people to stay healthy. People usually do some housework in their daily lives. For example, they need to tidy up rooms 7 wash clothes. Mopping (拖) the floor or 8 (hang) clothes on the balcony is also daily housework. Doing these chores can help people burn (燃烧) fat. Some people like feeding the fish and watering the 9 (flower) to relax. It’s also a good way 10 (keep) healthy. What’s more, doing housework is good for the environment 11 some ways. When people clean their houses, they always pack 12 their rubbish. If people 13 (sort) the rubbish into plastic, paper and glass before taking it out, this action 14 (help) protect the environment. In a word, doing housework can bring people many benefits (益处). If they keep doing housework, they will get more surprises. So, dear friends, from now on, don’t be lazy! Whether it’s cleaning your room, washing the dishes, 15 helping your parents with other chores, every small effort makes a difference. Passage C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。 What do you like doing when you are free? Most children like watching TV or playing games, but Jacob from the US is 1 (difference). The 12-year-old boy 2 (enjoy) making things by crocheting (用钩针编织). Last year, Jacob’s grandma came and lived in his home 3 a week. She decorated the house with the things she made. The sofa, even the cups were 4 (cover) with something beautiful. Jacob sometimes saw her crocheting. Slowly, he was familiar 5 the activity. Then he got interested in it and learnt it from his grandma. After his grandma left, Jacob took crocheting 6 (lesson) online. He often learnt the skill happily in front of the computer. Jacob made some animal dolls by himself 7 (final). They looked very cute. Jacob was 8 (care) with them and shared them online. He 9 (describe) his dolls with humorous words. Soon Jacob’s dolls got popular on 10 Internet. Many people wanted to buy them. Jacob thought, “If I can make some money to pay for school, that will be great.” So he decided 11 (sell) his dolls. Jacob got 12 (many) than 80 orders soon. It usually took him many hours to make one doll, 13 he didn’t have enough time to do the work. As a student, he could only do it at weekends. Jacob had to tell the buyers they needed to wait. They all said OK. “School comes 14 (one). Let Jacob take his time,” one of the buyers said. After Jacob finished all the work, he 15 (pack) and sent them. All the buyers were happy with the dolls they got. Passage D Last Sunday, my cousin Lily came to stay at my new flat for two days. Before she arrived, Mum told me we needed to tidy every room and get everything ready. “Could you please 1 (sweep) the living room floor?” Mum asked me after breakfast. I agreed and started cleaning right away. My little sister was asked 2 (water) the flowers on the balcony, but she said she needed help carrying the heavy watering pot. I told her, “Could I help you 3 (carry) it together?” She smiled and nodded. At noon, we planned to make fruit salad for lunch. Lily said, “Can I borrow your small knife to cut apples?” I handed it to her and reminded her to be careful. After lunch, all of us worked together to clean up the kitchen. No one refused 4 (do) their part of chores. In the afternoon, Lily wanted to hang up her travel photos on my bedroom wall. “Could I use your tape?” she asked politely. I gave her the tape and helped her stick all the photos well. While we worked, we talked about what home meant to each of us. Lily said she often helps her parents take out rubbish and fold clothes at home, and she never waits for her parents 5 (remind) her. I used to hate doing housework and always refused my parents’ requests. But this weekend with Lily 6 (change) my opinion completely. I realized simple chores were just small ways 7 (show) love for my family. If your parents look tired after work, you can offer to clean the bathroom or pack up messy boxes for them. If you need others’ help at home, remember to use polite sentences with can or could. 8 (polite) words make every request much easier to accept. Every small helpful act counts. No matter how busy your study life 9 (be), spare some time to share housework with your family. You will find your home becomes far 10 (sweet) than before. Passage E 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 Have you ever 1 (hear) the saying, “Home sweet home”? This is just another way of saying that it   2 (be) nice to be home! A lot of the people and things we love are at home. What do you like about being at home? What do you like 3 (well) about being at home? Maybe you like to play with your brothers and sisters. Maybe you enjoy 4 (stay) with your mum and dad. Maybe you have 5 pet you like to play with. Spending time with your family is one thing that makes being 6 home special. Your bedroom is another thing that makes home 7 (specially). Your toys, your books, and your favourite things are in 8 (you) bedroom. Consider what you like best about your room. Is it how it looks? Is it your comfortable bed that you sleep on? Maybe you like to have a quiet place 9 (read) a book or to think about your day. Mealtime can be a special time at home. Families sit around the table to eat the food Mum or Dad has prepared. It’s a time to share interesting 10 (story) about your day. How do you help at home? There are a lot of things to do to make home a special place. Who does the chores like 11 (clean), cooking, and yardwork (庭院劳动) at your house? When families work together to do the chores, it makes them 12 (easy) and more fun for everyone. Maybe you can help 13 (lay) the dinner table or clear the places. Maybe you can pull weeds (杂草) out of the flower garden. Maybe you can water the vegetable garden 14 the houseplants. Think about what you can do, so that 15 you come home every day, you can say, “Home sweet home!” Passage F 阅读短文，选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 glad they see best flower careful when clean until about Alice needed some money for a Mother’s Day present. She told her father 1 her problem. “I’ll pay you to do the housework if you want. You can 2 the house,” her father said. “You can also wash my car and Mum’s. You can see they’re really dirty. Both of 3 need to be washed.” Alice agreed and washed her father’s car very 4 . “It is too late. You don’t have time to wash Mum’s car,” Dad said 5 he paid her. The next morning Alice got up early. First she washed her mother’s car 6 it was very clean. Then she went to the flower shop and bought a bunch (束) of 7 . After breakfast Alice asked her mother to go to the garage (车库). “Wow!” Alice’s mother said. “My car is gleaming (发光的).” “Open the door, Mum,” Alice said. Alice’s mother opened the door. There on the seat she 8 the present for her—some beautiful flowers. “Happy Mother’s Day!” Alice said. Alice’s mother was very 9 . She gave her a big hug and said, “Thank you, honey. This is the 10 present for me.” Passage G 将方框中所给词的适当形式填入短文中，每个词语仅用一次。 remind  activity  take out  treasure  clean up  share  freshly  together  go shopping  make Home is a place where we can truly be ourselves. If I have to describe my family, I will say we’ re like a team that supports one another. We live in a small apartment, but it’s always filled with laughter and love. Every weekend, we plan 1 together like baking bread or 2 . The smell of 3 baked bread fills the air, it 4 me feel safe and loved. Family is a 5 that brings us great joy. Even on busy days. we try to eat dinner together and talk about our lives. No matter how simple our lives are, these moments 6 us that love and effort make a house a home. Home is a place where we can truly be ourselves. It’s not just a building but a space full of warmth and love. Living 7 with family members makes home a lively and loving environment. Doing housework together gives us a sense of responsibility of our home. We should 8 the housework with family members. We can take turns doing different tasks. I like to 9 rubbish or 10 the rooms. By making home a clean and harmonious place, we enhance our family bond and enjoy a better life. Passage H 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 collect  prepare  research  present  encourage  finish  learn  promote  appreciate  share Our class launched a “Home Sweet Home” project last month. The goal was to 1 the warmth of family among students. First, we divided into groups and 2 our tasks. Some groups were responsible for 3 the history of family traditions in our city, while others 4 stories of warm family moments from classmates. I was in charge of interviewing my aunt. She shared how small daily interactions made her home full of love. Her words 5 me to value every moment with my family. We spent two weeks 6 materials and making a short video. By the time the project ended, we had 7 all the work and made wonderful presentation slides. Last week, we 8 our project to the whole school. We also 9 the useful advice from teachers and students to improve our future activities. Everyone agreed that this project helped us 10 more about the true meaning of home. Passage I 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，并将答案填写到答题卡的相应位置。每个词限用一次。 fun  house  how  remind  bored  wonderful  somewhere  make  them  hunt  if Nobody likes to do chores, especially children. 1 can you help your children enjoy doing chores? Try making chores fun for them. Play some music: Music 2 everything seem like a party, doesn’t it? Play your children’s favorite music and let 3 dance around while they are doing chores. 4 music gives both of you a happy time. Make it a treasure 5 : Who can say no to such a fun game? It’s a smart way when you would like your children to clean the 6 . Let them know that you hide (藏) a $5 bill (纸币) 7 . If they find the bill, they can keep it. But 8 them to keep the house clean! Change often: If your children keep doing the same chores for months, they may feel 9 to do them. Give your children a new task (任务) and they will feel more excited. Do it together: It’s never 10 to be the only one working and watching everyone else relax. You’d better spend more time doing chores with your children. 11 everyone plays a part in doing chores, your children will finish them faster and have more fun. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $