专题二 语法运用 十一、名词性从句-【创新教程】2027年山东省普通高中学业水平合格考英语热点专练

十一、名词 学考知识必备 在复合句中，相当于名词的从句叫名词性从 句。名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句和同位 语从句等。 一、主语从句 1.基本用法 种类 连接词 例句 说明 That he will come that that在引导主语从句 and help you 时不可省去。 certain. 连 词 Whether there is f可引导主语从句 whether life on the moon (不能位于句首)和 if is an interesting 部分宾语从句。 question. 主语从句 ①What he wants who 主语从句放在句首， to tell us is not 连接 what 句子常显得笨重，因 clear. which 代词 ②Who will win 此一般用it作形式 whatever 主语，将主语从句放 the match is still … 后面。 unknown. ①It is known to us how he be when came a writer. 把从句移到句子后 连接 where ②Where the game 面，前面用t来作形 副词 why will be held has 式主语。 how not yet been an- nounced. 2.习惯用法 (1)that引导的主语从句既可放在句首，也可放在 句尾，that起连接作用，无词义，在从句中不作 成分，一般不能省略。 That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us.=It is good news to us that we are invited to a concert this evening. 今天晚上我们被邀请参加音乐会对我们来说是 个好消息。 (2)whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首，也可 放在句尾；f引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前 面需要用it作形式主语。 whether/if起连接作用，译成“是否”，在从句中 不作成分。 Whether he will go there or not is not clear. 他是否去那里还不清楚。 45 性从句 It is doubtful whether/if the work can be com- pleted. 工作能否完成值得怀疑。 (3)wh-类连接词引导的主语从句： wh-类连接词包括wh-类的连接代词(who, whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whomev- er,whichever,whatever等)和连接副词(when, where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however 等)。what,when和wh-ever类的词有时可不 表疑问。wh-类的连接代词在句中既起连接作 用，又可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。 wh类连接副词在句中既起连接作用，还可充当 时间、地点、原因、方式状语。 What we should do next remains unknown. 我们下一步做什么还不知道。 Whom we should serve is an important question. 我们应该为谁服务是一个重要问题。 Where we shall do the test is still under discus- sion. 我们在哪里考试仍在讨论中。 Why the sun in the morning looks bigger than the sun at noon is very interesting. 为什么太阳在早上看起来比中午大是个有趣的 问题。 [特别提醒]主语从句的单复数问题 (1)从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。 Who will go to the energy conference is not im- portant. 谁去参加能源会议并不重要。 (2)what引导的从句作主语，若表示单数概念， 谓语动词一般用单数形式；若表示复数概念，则 谓语动词常用复数。 What he said is true. 他说的话是对的。 What he needs are books. 他需要的是书。 (3)从句作主语时，多数情况下由t作形式主 语，而把主语从句放在后面，尤其是谓语部分较 短的情况下。it作形式主语与t强调句型的 区别： It is true that that man on the left is a well- known writer here.(主语从句) 左边那个人是一个著名作家这是真的。 It was in the morning that the murder took place.(强调句型) 是在早上凶杀案发生的。 在强调句中，即使将“itis/was”和“that”去掉， 句子成分依然完整。 二、宾语从句 1.基本用法 种类 连接词 例句 说明 ①I believe ①that在句中 (that)he is 不担任任何 honest. 成分。 ②We must ②that在口语 陈述 never think 或非正式文体 意义 that (that)we are good in 中常被省去： 但如果从句是 everything 并列句，第二 while others 个分句前的 are good in nothing. that不可省。 ①I wonder whether he will come or not. ①whether常 ②Everything 与or not连 depends on 用，此时不能 whether we 用f代替。 疑问 if,whether have enough ②作介词宾语 宾语 意义 money. 要用whether 不能用f。 从 ③Idon't know if ③从句是否定 句 (whether)it 句时一般用f is interesting. 引导 ④He doesn't care if it isn't a fine day. ①Please tell me what you who,whom, want. which,whose, ②She always 宾语从句既可 特殊 what,when, thinks of how 疑问 作及物动词的 where,why, she can work 意义 宾语也可作介 how,whoever, well. ③She will give 词的宾语。 whatever, whichever whoever needs help a warm support. 如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，则用t 注意 作形式宾语，将从句后置。 We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 2.习惯用法 (1)that引导的宾语从句 Do you think (that)the micro message should be charged? 你认为微信应收费吗？ 注意：①当主句谓语动词是think,believe,sup pose,expect等词，主语是第一人称，而宾语从句 的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句部分，即 否定前置。例如： I don't think it is right for him to treat you like that. 我认为他那样对待你是不对的。 ②在以下情况中that不能省略：当句中的动词 接两个以上的由that引导的宾语从句时，第 个that可省略，但后面的that不可省略。 例如： I didn't know (that)she was married and that her husband was a businessman. 我不知道她已经结婚了，更不知道她丈夫是一个 商人。 ③在动词find,consider,think,feel,believe,.make 等后面，常用t作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语（即 宾语从句)后置。t和宾语从句之间常有宾语补 足语。例如： The little boy considered it difficult that he could find the answers to these questions by himself. 小男孩认为独自找到这些问题的答案很难。 注意：有些动词或动词短语跟宾语从句时，习惯 在从句前加上t作形式宾语。这些动词（动词 短语)主要有：enjoy,love,like,hate,appreciate, depend on,rely on等。例如： I would appreciate it if you can give me a hand. 如果你能够帮助我的话，我将不胜感激。 You can rely on it that he will help you. 你可以指望他来帮助你。 (2)whether和if引导宾语从句 在宾语从句中两者通常可以互换，但是wheth- er可以与or not连在一起使用，if不可以；另外 whether引导从句可以位于介词之后，if不可 以。例如： I still don't know whether or not he's planning to come. 我仍不知道他是否打算来。 We are thinking about whether we can finish the work on time. 我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。 (3)连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 英语中的连接代词who,whom,whose,which, what等在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或者表语。 英语中的连接副词when,where,why,how等 在从句中作状语。例如： Mary refused to say who had broken the win- dow and how she had been hurt. 玛丽拒绝说谁打破了窗户以及她是怎样受伤的。 三、同位语从句 1.基本用法 连接词 例句 说明 DThe news that he had landed on 同 由连词that the moon spread all over the 同位语 位 引导，不充 world. 从句解 2I have no idea when he will 当成分，也 释说明 从 come back home. 其前面 可由when, 3The thought came to him that 名词的 how,where 等引导。 Mary had probably fallen ill. 具体内 4He must answer the question 容。 whether he agrees to it or not. 2.习惯用法 (I)能接同位语从句的名词有：fact,idea,news, promise,information,message,belief,doubt, hope,opinion,possibility,thought,wish,truth, question,problem,reply,answer,report,sug- gestion,advice,order,warning等。 (2)that引导的同位语从句 We were very excited at the news that our Chi- nese athletes won many gold medals. 我们很高兴听到这个消息，中国运动员获得了很 多金牌。 The problem that they can't get there early is hard to solve. 他们不能早到那里的问题很难解决。 注意：同位语从句通常由that引导，但根据同位 语的名词不同，也可由whether,when,who等 引导。 四、表语从句 1.基本用法 从属连词 that,whether This is what my fa what, who. whose, ther has taught me 连接代词 which,whatever,which always face diffi- ever,whoever等。 culties and hope for the best..这是我父 how,when,where, 亲教我的——总是 连接副词 why,wherever,when 要面对困难并寄予 ever等。 最大的希望。 asif/as though意为 “好像，仿佛”，引导 的表语从句常跟在 系动词(be,seem,ap At that time,it pear,look,taste, seemed as though I sound,feel,smell等) couldn't think of as if/as 之后。若表语从句 the right word.当 连 though 所述的是与客观事 时，我似乎怎么也 接 实相反的情况，从句 想不出一个恰当的 众 常用虚拟语气；若所 字眼来。 述的是事实或是极 可能发生的情况，从 句常用陈述语气。 From space,the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy-one This/That/It is+ because引导的表语 percent of its sur- because 从句意为“这/那是 face is covered by 因为…”，表示 water..从太空中 原因。 看，地球看起来是 蓝色的。这是因为 约百分之七十一的 地球表面都被水覆 盖着。 2.习惯用法 (l)that/what引导的表语从句。that引导表语从 句时，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，没有任 何意义，通常不可省略；what引导表语从句时 既起连接作用，又作从句的句子成分。 DOur plan is that we'll go there once a week. 我们的计划是一周去那里一次。 ②That's what he said.那就是他说的话。 (2)whether引导的表语从句。引导表语从句时， 一般只能用whether而不能用if。 The question is whether they have signed the contract..问题是他们是否已经签了合同。 学考真题精选 单句语法填空 1.(2026·广东学业水平合格性考试)S0 are you waiting for?Take out your phone,get online and follow our official account now. 2.(2026·陕西学业水平合格性考试改编) makes her story impressive is not only her scien- tific achievements but her belief in human's abil- ity to live in harmony with other species. 3.(2025·广东学业水平考试)As a business own- er,I have to adapt and do I can. 4.(2025·广东学业水平考试，改编)So I decided to study history at college,trying to ligure out people lived long ago. 5.(2024·新疆合格考，改编)“My wallet is no lon- ger in use.I can buy and eat I want with a finger tip on my phone,"said a university student. 6.(2024·新疆合格考，改编)It is true China is a leading country in many ways. 7.(2023·广东省合格考)They tip between15% and 20%of the bill,depending on good the service is. 8.(青海省普通高中学业水平考试) -Do you think it wise for Chinese mothers to try to do everything for their children? -No,that's they are mistaken. 9.(广东学业水平考试)He believes6a.m.is the perfect time to wake up because this is the sun rises. 10.(2023·广西合格考，改编)She tried to under stand the teachers said by reading their lips. 学考素能提升< I.用that,whether,what填空 1.(2026·1月浙江高考改编)“I decided if nobody was going to hire me,I would just create a job for myself,says Ursula. 2.(2026·山东学业水平合格性考试模拟)They have taught me so much,and I will never forget they did for me. 3.(2025·北京卷)The truth,though,is could be guessed-there's never anyone else here.Just me,Nick,and the quiet forest. 4.(2025·湖南学业水平考试模拟)It is said by climbing a high mountain,diseases could be prevented. 5.(2025·辽宁学业考试模拟)I hope we can have more family activities like this in the future. 6.(2024·浙江1月卷)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities,that's they'll promote. 1. you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. 8.We've offered Jennifer a free trip to Shanghai,but we don't know she'll accept it. Ⅱ.用适当的引导词或关系词填空 1.(2026·全国高考I卷改编)All participants were then tested on they process in- formation,and whether it's in a more practical or abstract way. 2.(2025·辽宁学业水平考试模拟)Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game. 3.(2025·湖南学业水平考试模拟)Amy was so angry that she avoided talking with Jenny during the day.She was at a loss to do next. 4.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)This is they need an English trainer. 5.(2023·全国乙卷)It seems that TV pro grammes have helped change people think about cooking. 6.I have no idea we will spend our holiday. 7.I don't care or not he comes. 8.Can you tell me I can get to the rail- way station? Ⅲ.阅读理解 (2026·陕西学业水平合格性考试)Do you choose to watch a happy movie or a sad movie when feeling sad or down?I advise you not to watch a happy movie.A sad movie may be right for you. Scientists at Ohio State University,the US, have found that sad movies can make people happi- er.They published their study in a magazine called Communication Research. Scientists asked some college students to watch a sad movie called Atonement.The movie tells a story of two lovers who were separated,and they died at the end of the movie.The college students answered questions from the scientists before,after and three times during the movie be- cause the scientists wanted to know about the students'different feelings,including the feeling of sadness. The result showed that people felt better after watching the sad movie.Scientists believed that it was because the movie made the students think about their own lives.Compared with those un- lucky lovers in the movie,they thought their lives were full of hope."I want to live my life to the ful- lest,and this movie has made me think a lot,"one student said. Silvia Knobloch-Westerwick,the leader of the study,explained that bad feelings would make people more thoughtful."Good feelings are gener- ally a sign that everything is fine.You don't have to worry,and you don't have to think about prob- lems in your life,"she said."But bad feelings, like sadness,make you feel terrible about your sit- uation.So seeing a sad movie may make you feel bad at first,but that will cause you to think more about your own life and then you will value it more and finally feel much happier." 1.How does the writer introduce the topic? A.By telling a moving story. B.By giving some numbers. C.By asking a question. D.By showing some examples. 2.What's the main idea of the third paragraph? A.How the scientists did the study. B.Where the scientists did the study. C.Why the scientists did the study. D.When the scientists did the study. 3.What's the result of the study? A.Happy movies can make people feel even hap- pier. B.Sad movies can make people feel even sadder. C.Sad movies can cause people to think more and feel happier. D.Sad movies can make all the people's bad feel- ings disappear. 4.What is the best title for this passage? A.Think about Others When Feeling Down B.Watch a Happy Movie When Feeling Bad C.Develop a New Hobby When Feeling Bored D.Watch a Sad Movie When Feeling Sad的上学日变成了一生的记忆。)”可知，Rudolph为Bo在 午餐盒(lunchbox)上签名。 4.B[主旨大意题。通读全文，可知文章主要讲述了明星 橄榄球运动员Rudolph在学校自助餐厅与自闭症男孩Bo 一起吃披萨午餐这一善举，这一简单的举动被拍摄下来 并在网上传播，感动了无数人。所以B选项“触动数百万 人的午餐桌时刻”准确概括了文章核心内容，适合作 标题。」 十、定语从句 [学考真题精选] 1.who/that 2.who 3.where 4.where 5.that/which 6.which 7.which/that 8.which 9.which 10.which[考查定语从句。 we visited in Britain, 是非限制性定语从句，先行词为The Science Museum。] 「学考素能提升 I.1.(1)that/which (2)that/which (3)which (4)which (5)which 2.(1)who/that (2)who/that (3)who/that (4)that (5)who 3.(1)where (2)where (3)where (4)when (5)which (6)that/which(7)that/in which/不填 Ⅱ.[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。主要说明了近几十年 全球近视率上升，研究表明年龄、教育程度和种族与近视风 险相关，多户外活动等可降低儿童近视风险。 I.BL细节理解题。根据第一段“A recent study analyzing data from 107,442 UK residents aged 40-69 revealed that age,education level,and ethnicity (are closely linked to short-sightedness risks.(最近的一项研究分析 了来自107442名40至69岁英国居民的数据，结果显示 年龄、教育水平和种族与近视风险密切相关。)”可知，身 高与近视的关系不大。] 2.C[推理判断题。根据第二段“The researchers found that there was a higher percentage of short-sightedness in people who were Chinese.In fact,Chinese participants had a 240%greater risk of developing short-sightedness in childhood compared to white participants.Interesting ly,all other ethnic groups appeared to have a reduced risk of developing short-sightedness in childhood.(研究人员 发现，中国人中近视患者的比例更高。事实上，与白人参 与者相比，中国参与者在童年时期患近视的风险高出 240%。有趣的是，其他所有族裔群体在童年时期患近视 的风险似乎都有所降低。)”可知，近视在中国是一个普遍 存在的问题。 3.D[细节理解题。根据最后一段“Spending time out-- doors has continued to demonstrate a protective effect against developing short-sightedness.(户外活动一直被证 明对预防近视有保护作用。)”可知，根据作者的观点，对 于儿童来说，预防近视的有效方法是进行户外活动。] 4.D[主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“In recent decades,global rates of short-sightedness have risen rap- idly.Studies predict that half of the world's population could be short-sighted by 2050.In the UK and Europe alone,cases have doubled over the past 50 years.A re- cent study analyzing data from 107,442 UK residents aged 40-69 revealed that age,education level,and ethnic- ity()are closely linked to short-sightedness risks. (近几十年来，全球近视率急剧上升。研究预测，到2050 年，全球一半的人口可能会患有近视。仅在英国和欧洲地 区，病例数量在过去50年里就翻了一番。最近的一项研究 分析了来自107442名40至69岁英国居民的数据，结果显 示年龄、教育水平和种族与近视风险密切相关。)”可知，这篇 文章主要讲的是近视发病率的上升以及相关风险因素。] 十一、名词性从句 [学考真题精选] 1.what 2.What 3.what 4.how 5.whatever 6.that 7.how 8.where 9.when 10.what [学考素能提升] I.1.that 2.what 3.what 4.that 5.that 6.what 7.What 8.whether 6 II.1.how 2.why 3.what 4.why 5.what 6.where 7.whether 8.how Ⅲ.[语篇解读]文章介绍了一项科学研究，该研究发现观 看悲伤电影反而能让人们感觉更快乐，因为悲伤情绪会促 使人们反思自己的生活。 1.C 「推理判断题。根据第一段中“Do you choose to watch a happy movie or a sad movie when feeling sad or down？(当你感到悲伤或沮丧时，你会选择看一部快乐的 电影还是一部悲伤的电影？)”可知，作者通过提问的方式 引入话题。 2.A[主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Scientists asked some college students to watch a sad movie called Atonement. The movie tells a story of two lovers who were separa ted,and they died at the end of the movie.The college students answered questions from the scientists before, after and three times during the movie because the scien- tists wanted to know about the students'different feel- ings,including the feeling of sadness.(科学家们让一些 大学生观看了一部名为《赎罪》的悲伤电影。这部电影讲 述了一对恋人被分离，最终在电影结尾双双离世的故事 这些大学生在观影前、观影后以及观影期间三次回答了 科学家的问题，因为科学家想了解学生们不同的感受，包 括悲伤的感觉。)”可知，本段主要介绍了科学家是如何进 行这项研究的。] 3.C[细节理解题。根据第四段中“The result showed that people felt better after watching the sad movie.Scientists believed that it was because the movie made the students think about their own lives.(结果显示，人们在观看悲伤 电影后感觉更好。科学家认为，这是因为这部电影让学 生们思考自己的生活。)”以及第五段中“So seeing a sad movie may make you feel bad at first,but that will cause you to think more about your own life and then you will value it more and finally feel much happier,.(因此看一部 悲伤的电影起初可能会让你感觉糟糕，但这会让你更多 地思考自己的生活，然后你会更加珍惜它，最终感觉更快 乐。)”可知，研究结果表明，悲伤电影能促使人们思考，从 而感到更快乐。] 4.D[标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第一段“Do you choose to watch a happy movie or a sad movie when feeling sad or down?I advise you not to watch a happy movie.A sad movie may be right for you.(当你感到悲伤或沮丧时，你 会选择看一部快乐的电影还是一部悲伤的电影？我建议 你不要看快乐的电影。悲伤的电影可能适合你。)”以及 第五段“So seeing a sad movie may make you feel bad at first,but that will cause you to think more about your own life and then you will value it more and finally feel much happier.(因此看一部悲伤的电影起初可能会让你 感觉糟糕，但这会让你更多地思考自己的生活，然后你会 更加珍惜它，最终感觉更快乐)”可知，文章通过科学研究 得出结论：观看悲伤电影能让人感觉更快乐。故D项 “Watch a Sad Movie When Feeling Sad(感到悲伤时观看 悲伤电影)”能概括文章内容，最适合作文章标题。] 十二、状语从句 「学考真题精选] 1.but[考查连词。句意：让她的故事令人印象深刻的不仅 是她的科学成就，还有她相信人类有能力与其他物种和 谐共处。not only..but(also).:是固定短语，表示“不 仅…而且…”，此处要填but。] 2.and[考查连词。句意：拿出手机，立即上网关注我们的 官方账号吧。此处为并列关系，用and连接。] 3.since 4.As 5.because 6.when 7.Once 8.If 学考素能提升] I.1.If 2.since 3.When 4.because 5.Since 6.When 7.Although 8.If 9.When 10.While II.1.While/Although/Though 2.when 3.Although/ While/Though 4.As 5.When/As 6.When/If/Once 7.because 8.that 9.before 10.Whenever 11.When 12.If 13.until 14.Howeyer 15.unless Ⅲ.[语篇解读]文章主要介绍了天津一家餐厅推出机器 人服务，从点菜到烹饪，再到上菜，甚至收款，每一个环节都 是全自动的，机器人餐厅的发展前景良好。