专题二 语法运用 六、动词和动词短语-【创新教程】2027年山东省普通高中学业水平合格考英语热点专练

OCTOPUSH The sport is also called underwater hockey. There are two teams.Each team has got six play- ers.Players swim underwater to play this game. They use small sticks and a puck.The puck is a little like a flat ball.Players try to push the puck along the bottom of a swimming pool into the oth- er team's goal.The winning team is the team with the most goals at the end of the match. 1.What is a gilli? A.A flat ball. B.A small circle. C.A long stick. D.An egg-shaped bat. 2.Where do people play Octopush? A.On bikes. B.At a spot outside a circle. C.On the ground. D.In a swimming pool. 3.What do the three sports have in common? A.There are two players in the team. B.There are two teams in the match. C.Players use a small ball in the match. D.Players hit the ball with their hands. 六、动词和 学考知识必备《 动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分为 实义动词、系动词和助动词等。动词短语是由动词 和其他词语构成的短语。 一、实义动词 实义动词是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的 词义完整，可以单独作谓语。 1.及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫及物 动词。及物动词有被动形式，主要用于以下句子 结构： (1)主语+谓语+宾语 Mr Li reached Shanghai the day before yester- day. 李先生是前天抵达上海的。 (2)主语+谓语+双宾语 She gave me a pen.=She gave a pen to me. 她给我一支钢笔。 IW.书面表达 (2025·山东模拟)假定你是李华，红星中学高 一学生。你校将于本月举办“健康饮食月”系列活 动，你将代表你们班进行全校宣讲，内容须包括以 下几点： 1.健康饮食的重要性； 2.对于健康饮食的建议： 3.发出号召。 注意：1.写作词数应为100左右： 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 动词短语 (3)主语+谓语+宾语十宾语补足语 You must keep your room clean and tidy. 你必须保持你的房间干净整齐。 2.不及物动词 本身意义完整，后面不需要跟宾语的实义动词， 叫不及物动词。不及物动词没有被动形式，只能 用于“主语十谓语”结构。 Horses run fast.马跑得快。 They work in a factory.他们在工厂工作。 [名师点津] 很多动词既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动 词。如何区分它们主要是看它们后面是否直接 跟宾语。 The boy can speak now.(不及物动词)现在这个 男孩子能说话了。 Tom can speak Chinese..(及物动词)汤姆会说 汉语。 3.延续性动词和非延续性动词 (1)延续性动词表示动作是可以持续的，可以和表 示一段时间的状语连用。如Iive,study,work, keep,teach等。 We have lived in Suzhou since 2001. 自2001年以来，我们一直住在苏州。 (2)非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，动作一旦发生立 即结束，如buy,lend,borrow,die,begin,stop, finish,arrive,join,go,come,catch等，非延续性 动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和 表示一段时间的状语连用，就要用其他的词 代替。 The old man has been dead for two years. 那个老人已经去世两年了。（这里不能用has died) He arrived here five days ago. 他是五天前到这儿的。 二、系动词 系动词又称连系动词，是连接主语和表语的动 词，主要用来说明主语的身份、性质、特征或状 态。系动词没有被动形式，也不能用于进行时 态，系动词分类如下： 种类 例词 be(是)，seem(似乎)，keep 表示状态的系动词 (保持)，stay/remain(保 持)等 look(看起来)，feel(感觉 起来)，smell(闻起来)， 表示感官的系动词 sound(听起来)，taste(尝 起来)等 become(变得)，get(变 表示变化的系动词 得)，grow(渐渐变得)， turn(转变)等 其他 fall(进入…状态)，prove (证明)等 [名师点津] (1)系动词一般不用于进行时态，一定不能用于被 动语态。 (2)look,smell,taste等词，既可作连系动词，又可 作实义动词。作连系动词时后接形容词作表 语，作实义动词时要用副词修饰。 Mary looked happy when she heard the news and she looked at me happily..玛丽听到这个消 息时看上去很高兴，同时她也很高兴地看着我。 (前一个look是连系动词，后接形容词happy 作表语；后一个look是实义动词，用副词happi- y修饰。) 2 三、助动词 助动词是帮助实义动词完成某些功能（如表示 时态、语态、构成否定句、疑问句、简略答语等) 的动词。助动词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语。 常见的助动词有：be,do,does,did,have,will, would,shall,should等。 四、动词短语 1.动词十介词 只能用作及物动词短语，无论宾语是名词还是代 词，都要放在介词之后。例如： agree with同意… begin with 以…开始 come from来自… feel like想要… look like看起来像… hear from 收到…的来信 knock at...敲… laugh at嘲笑… look at看… look after照看… look for寻找… listen to听… think of想起… 2.动词十副词 可用作及物或不及物动词短语。如果作及物动 词短语，若宾语是名词，可以放在副词之后，也可 以放在动词和副词之间。如果宾语是代词，则必 须放在动词与副词之间。例如： eat up吃光 give up放弃；停止 look up查询 pick up拾起；捡起 put up建立；举起 wake up唤醒 dress up乔装打扮 hurry up赶快 send up发射 find out查出；查明 sell out卖完 put on穿戴；上演 try on试穿 turn on打开 take away取走；拿走 put away放好 come in进来 get up起床 3.动词十副词十介词 用作及物动词短语，宾语要置于介词之后。 例如： catch up with赶上… do well in在…方面做得好 get on with与…相处 look forward to盼望 come over to顺便来访 4.动词十名词十介词 take care of照料；照顾… make sure of弄清 make friends with与…交朋友 pay attention to注意 5.be十形容词+介词 be afraid of害怕… be angry with生…的气 be good at擅长…be full of充满 be interested in对…感兴趣 be late for因…迟到 be different from与…不同 be friendly to对…友好 6.动词+名词 take aim瞄准take place发生 lose heart失去信心keep watch值班 五、动词短语意义辨析 1.come的相关短语 come about发生；产生；造成 come across偶然遇见；偶然发现 come back回来；想起来 come true实现 come down下来；下落；传下来 come on跟着来；加油；来吧；赶快 come out出来，出现；出版；发（芽）；（花）开 come to达到；共计；苏醒 come to an end结束 come to a conclusion得出结论 come to life苏醒过来 2.cut的相关短语 cut away切除；剪去 cut down砍倒；砍下；削减 cut in插嘴；插入 cut out删除；剪下来 cut off切断（线路）；中断（供应） cut up切碎；剪碎；剁碎 3.call的相关短语 call at访问/拜访（某地）；停靠 call on拜访/访问（某人）；号召；请求 call for要求；需要；去接（某人） call back回电话 call in请来；召集；打电话来 call off取消，下令停止 call up给…打电话；使想起；召集，动员 4.carry的相关短语 carry away拿走 carry on继续移动，继续做… carry out履行，实施，执行 carry off赢得，获得；成功地对付；不费劲地处理 5.die的相关短语 die of死于（疾病、情感、饥饿、年老等内因） die from死于（受伤、事故、工作过度、饮酒过度等外因） die away(声音、风、光等)慢慢变弱，渐渐消失 die down减弱，平息 die off逐渐死掉；相继死去 die out灭绝；不复存在 die for极想；渴望 6.give的相关短语 give away赠送，给予；泄露；分发 give back归还，送回 give in投降；让步；屈服 give off释放，发出，放出（烟、光、热等） give out用完，耗尽；分发，发放 give over-=hand over转交，移交 give up放弃；中止 7.look的相关短语 look after照顾，照料，照看 look ahead向前看；展望未来 look around/about四处看看，环顾四周 look back(on)回首(…)，回忆(…)，回顾过去 look down向下看，俯视 look down on/upon看不起，轻视 look forward to盼望，期待 8.make的相关短语 make out分辨出，勉强认出；理解，明白 make up化妆，打扮；配制；编造，虚构；构成，组成 make up for弥补，补偿 make up one's mind下决心 make a fool of sb.=fool sb.愚弄某人 make friends with sb.与某人交朋友 make fun of取笑，嘲笑，和…开玩笑 学考真题精选 单句语法填空 1.(2026·湖南学业水平合格性考试)At that time,he (believe)this way would be helpful. 2.(2026·山东学业水平合格性考试)..she said, “I do believe that art (have)no bound- aries.I hope I can share my interest with people outside China.” 3.(2025·陕西学业水平考试).，Qian attended school in Beijing and then (enter) Shanghai Jiaotong University to study engineer- ing. 4.(2025·广东学业水平考试)The post not only (score)views but also had over 1,4000 comments from people. 5.(2024·湖南省合格考)..and their3-year-old son Xiao Qiji (arrive)safely in China on Thursday due to the ending of the agreement between the two countries. 6.(2023·广东省合格考)In some countries,one person usually (pay)for everybody. 7.(2023·安徽省合格考)However,in ancient times things (be)different. 30 学考素能提升< I.选词填空（二选一） 1.(2026·全国高考I卷改编)Sure,my friends and I loved to (dream/complain)about how bored we were in the middle of nowhere... 2.(2026·全国高考I卷改编)The pace of life is slow and people value/remember) connecting to each other. 3.(2025·全国一卷，改编)Each exchange provided a chance to (spare/remove)the landfill and to please another person I might not other- wise have encountered. 4.(2025·全国二卷，改编)Evelyn Donohue is a 65-year-old grandma.She only started to (exercise/recover)seven years ago after having a wake-up call. 5.(2025·浙江1月卷，改编)Ribeiro (charges/pays)35 per person for what is usu- ally a three-course meal that can last up to three hours. 6.(2023·山西省合格考)He never (do- nated/received)any form of formal art training, but has liked painting since his childhood. 7.(2025·湖北省模拟考)When he was developing his original concept,Cheng (realized/ remembered)that if he arranged LEGO bricks in a random way,the results looked like Van Gogh's unique brush strokes. 8.The new policy will (support/benefit) the elders a lot that people over 65 can take bu- ses free of charge. Ⅱ.短语填空 try out;come up with;shout at;empty out;go through;look forward to;figure out;cut off;talk up;go off 1.(2026·全国高考Ⅱ卷改编)After my under- graduate degree,convinced that writing wasn't for me,I to study teaching. 2.(2026·全国高考I卷改编)As I move through my college years,I the visits to my little hometown. 3.(2026·山东学业水平合格性考试模拟)My friends and I began to work:We sent e-mails, called people and the project at social events. 4.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，改编)Families gather for big meals on Sundays,birthdays,and whatever other excuses they can 5.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Behind it,the person is trying to who exactly I teach...the animals? 6.(2025·全国一卷，改编)My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up. 7.(2025·浙江1月卷，改编)For Ribeiro,it has become a perfect platform for pursuing her hob- by of buying food, new recipes and holding dinner parties. 8.When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt from the world. 9.(2025·湖南学业水平考试模拟，改编)They the brothers without giving them a chance to defend(辩解)themselves. 10.(2025·陕西学业水平考试，改编)Belle two operations,which involved breaking her legs and resetting them. Ⅲ.完成句子 1.We (同意)what he said.. 2.Mr.and Mrs.Brown would like to see their daughter (安定下来)，get married,and have kids. 3.We (对…友好)the newcomer.. 4.The actors were (打扮)when we arrived. 5.His accent (暴露了他. 6.(2023·全国甲卷)Weiner wants you to (拿起)a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. 1. (the dictionary if you can't spell the word. 8.Too much work and too little rest often (导致)illness.. Ⅳ.阅读理解 (2026·陕西学业水平合格性考试)When I was a little girl,my family lived in an old house near a river in the town.At that time,the river was the most terrible place in my memory.The water was black and smelly,because many facto- ries poured wastewater into it.People threw rub- bish along the river bank.There were no trees or flowers,only dirty plastic bags and waste every- where.I never played near the river,and my par- ents always told me to stay away from it. Last summer,I came back to my hometown after 10 years away.I was completely shocked when I walked past the river.The black smelly water had gone.Instead,the river was clean and clear,with small fish swimming in it.The dirty river bank had become a beautiful riverside park. There are tall trees,colorful flowers and green grass everywhere.People walk along the river, children play on the grass,and some elderly people fish by the river. I met my old neighbor Aunt Li there.She told me that the government started to clean the river 8 years ago.They closed the polluting factories along the river,cleaned up the waste,and planted lots of trees and flowers.They also set up rules to stop people from throwing rubbish into the river. "Many people didn't believe the river could become clean at first,Aunt Li said."But we all worked together.Now the river is our favorite place to relax.The changes are really amazing!" I sat on a bench in the park,watching the peaceful river and the smiling people around me.I realized that the change of the river was not just about the environment.It shows that people have learned to respect and protect nature.And only by working together can we make our hometown a better place to live in. 1.What was the river like when the writer was a little girl? A.Clean and clear. B.Black and smelly. C.Quiet and peaceful. D.Beautiful and interesting. 七、情 学考知识必备 情态动词本身有一定的词义，但是不能独立作 谓语，只能和行为动词一起构成谓语。 一、情态动词的基本用法 1.can/could (1)表示能力。 Knowledge can change fate.知识能改变命运， (2)表示请求和允许。 -Can I go now? 一我可以走了吗？ Yes,you can./No,you can't. 可以。/不能。 (3)表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑 问句、否定句和感叹句中。 This can't be done by him.这不可能是他做的。 2.may/might (1)表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉， 而不是may的过去式。否定回答时可用can't 或mustn't,表示“不可以，禁止”。 -May/Might I take this book out of the room? 我可以把这本书带出房间吗？ 2.Why did the government take action to change the river? A.To develop tourism along the river. B.To provide more jobs for local people. C.To improve the environment and people's liv- ing conditions. D.To build more houses along the river bank. 3.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean? A.The river has become clean,but people still don't like it. B.The environmental change has also changed people's ideas about nature. C.The only thing that has changed is the look of the river. D.People have learned that it's impossible to change nature. 4.What can we learn from the story? A.It's easy to clean a polluted river. B.Only the government can change the environ- ment. C.Working together can make great changes happen. D.We should never come back to our old home- town. 态动词 Yes,you can.(No,you can't/mustn't.) 是的，可以。/不，你不能（不准）。 (2)表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。might不 是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。 Your mother may/might not know the truth. 你妈妈或许不知道真相。 3.must/have to (1)表示必须、必要。在回答must引出的问句时， 如果是否定回答，不能用mustn't(禁止，不 准)，而要用needn't,don't have to(不必)。 -Must we hand in our exercise books today? 我们今天必须交练习本吗？ -Yes,you must.No,you don't have to/ you needn't. 是的，必须。（不，不必。） (2)must表示说话人的主观看法，而have to则强 调客观需要。must只有一般现在时，have to有 更多的时态形式。 The play isn't interesting.I really must go now.表演没意思。现在我真的得走了。 I had to work when I was your age. 我在你这么大的时候，就不得不工作了。 23.D[推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Music festi- vals are for everyone!Here are some of the top music fes- tivals across America this festival season.(音乐节适合每 个人！以下是这个音乐节季美国各地的一些顶级音乐 节。)”可知，本文主要介绍了美国各地的音乐节，这些音 乐节是文化活动的一部分，因此最有可能出现在报纸的 文化版块。故选D。] 五、介词 [学考真题精选] 1.in[考查介词。句意：所有这些因素使其在电影史上取 得了巨大成功。在某领域，某方面，介词用in。] 2.in[考查介词。句意：她也对京剧产生了兴趣。become interested in对……感兴趣，为固定短语。故填in。] 3.on 4.of 5.in 6.In 7.of 8.of [学考素能提升] I.1.over 2.in 3.to 4.on 5.against 6.with 7.for 8.at Ⅱ.1.on[考查介词。句意：我将目光一直投向右边一位 女士，试图模仿她的动作，但不幸的是，很快便失去了专 注。固定搭配keep one's eyes on sb./sth.(紧盯某人/ 某物)，填0n。」 2.for[考查介词。设空处考查的是短语“trade A for B”的 固定搭配，表示“用物品A换取物品B”:根据句意可知， 此处指的是“百姓以家中富余物资交换自身所需物资” 介词for体现交换对象，故填for。 3.in[考查介词。句意：我最早的记忆之一是被妈妈抱在 怀里，一起倒数闪烁的绿色数字。固定搭配in one's arms 表示“在某人的怀里”。故填in。】 4.i[考查介词。句意：它还能帮助你培养用英语思考的 能力。in English为固定搭配，意为“用英语”。故填in。] 5.by[考查介词。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅 一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。“by十具 体数值”表示“以（某一差值）”，此处指“以一到两分的优 势”，符合语境。故填by。 6.for[考查介词。句意：我生命中没有任何事情能让我为 这一切做好准备一 一可以肯定的是，我第一次来到这里 时，从未想过我会在这个地方感到舒适。prepare sb. for.“使某人为…做好准备”，固定搭配。 7.0[考查介词。句意：如今的顾客不再关注衣服是二手 的这一事实，而是关注他们有独特的衣服可穿，并且不会 把自己的衣柜塞得满满当当，也不会造成垃圾填埋问题。 focus on是固定短语，意为“关注，聚焦于”。 ,故填on。」 8.i句意：我们进行了深入的交谈，发现我们有很多共同 之处。have,,,in common表示“有…共同之处”，是固定 短语。] 9.of 10.on Ⅲ，[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三项运动， 均为两队参与，规则各有不同： L.D[细节理解题。根据第二段“The players use two things:one long stick,called a danda and a short egg shaped bat,called a gilli.(玩家使用两种东西：一根长 棍，叫做danda,还有一个短的蛋形球拍，叫做gilli。.)”可 知，gli是一种蛋形的球拍。 2.DL细节理解题。根据第三段“Players try to push the puck along the bottom of a swimming pool into the other team's goal..(玩家们试图将puck沿着游泳池底部推到对 方球队的球门里。)”可知，O℃TOPUSH在游泳池中进行。] 3.B[细节理解题。根据文中对三项运动的描述：CYCLE BALL中“There are two teams..（有两支队伍。)”；GILL DANDA中“There are two teams.(有两支队伍。)”；OC TOPUSH中“There are two teams.(有两支队伍。)”可知， 三项运动的共同，点是比赛中都有两支队伍。] N.[参考范文] Good afternoon,everyone! I'm Li Hua,a senior one student from Hongxing High School.Nowadays,there is a growing focus on health care. People are pursuing a healthy lifestyle.A healthy diet is one of the most important parts of it. As the saying goes,bread is the staff of life.Eating healthily and deliciously is the goal we pursue.From my point of view,in order to build healthy eating habits,we should eat more vegetables,which are rich in vitamins. Among them,vitamin C and vitamin A are the most impor- tant.Too much fat and sugar can lead to obesity,which is harmful to health.Besides,eating more fruits and drinking more water is of great help. I hope we can live in a healthy life.Let's take action. Thanks for your listening! 六、动词和动词短语 [学考真题精选] l.believed[考查动词。句意：那时，他相信这样做会有所 帮助。根据时间状语，句子用一般过去时。故填believed。] 2.has[考查动词。句意：她说，…“我确实相信艺术没有 国界。我希望我能和中国以外的人分享我的兴趣。”此处主 语art为单数第三人称，谓语用单数形式。故填has。] 3.entered 4.scored 5.arrived 6.pays 7.were [学考素能提升] I.1.complain 2.value 3.spare 4.exercise 5.charges 6.received 7.realized 8.benefit II.1.went off 2.look forward to 3.talked up 4.come up with 5.figure out 6.emptying out 7.trying out 8.cut off 9.shouted at 10.went through Ill.1.agree with 2.settle down 3.are friendly to 4.dressing up 5.gave him away 6.pick up 7.Turn to 8.lead to Ⅳ，[语篇解读]作者儿时家乡河道污水横流、脏乱不堪， 多年后政府大力整治生态，河流焕然一新，成为人们休闲放 松的好去处，作者由此感悟到保护环境的意义与团结的 力量。 l.B[细节理解题。根据第一段“The water was black and smelly,because many factories poured wastewater into t,(那里的水是黑色且散发着恶臭的，因为许多工厂将废 水排入了其中。)”可知，当这位作家还是个小女孩的时 候，那条河是黑色的且散发着恶臭。故选B。] 2.C[细节理解题。根据第三段“She told me that the gov ernment started to clean the river 8 years ago.They closed the polluting factories along the river,cleaned up the waste,and planted lots of trees and flowers.They al- so set up rules to stop people from throwing rubbish into the river.(她告诉我，政府在8年前就开始清理这条河流 了。他们关闭了沿河的污染工厂，清理了废弃物，并种下 了大量的树木和花卉。他们还制定了规定，禁止人们向 河里丢弃垃圾。)”可知，政府采取行动来改变这条河流是 为了改善环境和人们的居住条件。故选C。」 3.B[句意猜测题。根据划线词后文“It shows that people have learned to respect and protect nature.(这表明人们 已经学会了尊重和保护自然。)”可知，河流蜕变不仅是环 境改观，更体现人们学会尊重、保护自然，思想观念也随 之转变，故划线句意思是“环境的变化也改变了人们对自 然的看法”。故选B。」 4.CL推理判断题。根据最后一段“And only by working together can we make our hometown a better place to live i.(只有齐心协力，我们才能让我们的家乡变得更加宜 居。)”可知，通力合作能够促成重大变革的实现。故选 C。] 七、情态动词 学考真题精选] 1.should 2.must 3.may 4.may 5.can 6.can 7.can [学考素能提升] I.1.can't 2.should 3.must 4.can't 5.should 6.can't 7.can 8.can 9.Shall 10.must Ⅱ.l.may:can2.may 3.should 4.could 5.must 6.would 7.can 8.should/must 9.might 10.can Ⅲ.1.can't[句意：你不能指望孩子在你抱怨洗碗机太满 时，还能满怀热情地完成自己的任务。此处表示否定判 断。故填can't。 2.needn'tL考查情态动词。句意：实际上我本不必买这么 多食物的—一只有三个人来啊。needn't have done表示 没必要做某事，实际上已经做了。故填needn't。] 3.mustn't[考查情态动词。句意：在埃及，未经许可不得 拍摄他人照片。mustn't表示“禁止，不许”。故填 mustn't。