专题二 语法运用 八、动词的时态和语态-【创新教程】2027年山东省普通高中学业水平合格考英语热点专练

4.needn't[句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前 不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。needn't意为“不需 要，不必”。 5.shall[句意：因为截止日期即将到来，不完成工作，任何 人不许离开。shall用于第三人称陈述句中，表示命令、警 告，符合句意。] 6.can't[句意：—你为我做的一切我无论怎么感谢都不 为过。 一不用谢。can not,.,,enough表示“再…也不 为过”。 7.must [句意：Harry觉得不舒服，他昨晚在聚会上肯定 喝太多了。由last night及语境可知，此处表示对过去的 情况肯定的推测。must have done sth.“一定做了 某事”。 Ⅳ.[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了科学 家认为外星可能存在智慧生命的原因，如宇宙的时间跨度 长和规模大，还探讨了目前寻找外星智慧生命的情况及未 来的可能性。 l.D[推理判断题。根据第一段“Is there intelligent life on other planets besides Earth?For years,scientists weren't sure.Today,this is changing.Scientists believe intelli- gent life exists elsewhere in the universe.They also think we will soon contact these beings.(除了地球，其他行星 上是否存在智慧生命呢？多年来，科学家们一直不确定。 如今，这种情况正在改变。科学家们认为宇宙中的其他 地方存在智慧生命。他们还认为我们很快就会与这些生 命取得联系。)”以及根据第二段“Why do they think intel- ligent life exists on other planets?（为什么他们认为其他 星球上存在智慧生命呢？)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要 解释了科学家认为外星可能存在智慧生命的原因，如宇 宙的时间跨度长和规模大，还探讨了目前寻找外星智慧 生命的情况及未来的可能性。所以短文的目的是解释为 什么我们可能会在地球以外发现智慧生命。] 2.C[细节理解题。根据第三段“But now,advanced tele scopes(望远镜)allow scientists to identify many more small planets in other solar systems.(但现在，先进的望 远镜使科学家能够在其他太阳系中识别出更多的小行 星。)”可知，先进的望远镜有助于发现更多行星。 3.B[词义猜测题。文章一直在讨论外星是否存在智慧生 命的问题，如第一段“Is there intelligent life on other planets besides Earth?(除地球外，其他行星上是否存在 智慧生命？)”“Scientists believe intelligent life exists else where in the universe.(科学家认为字宙中其他地方存在 智慧生命。)”以及第四段“Have beings from outer space already visited Earth?(外星生物已经访问过地球了 吗？)”“Scientists believe we will make contact with other life forms in our universe within the next 20 years. 家们相信，在未来20年内，我们将与字宙中的其他生命 形式取得联系。)”可知，根据上下文语境，这里的“life forms”指的就是前文提到的外星智慧生物。] 4.A[推理判断题。根据最后一段“Scientists believe we will make contact with other life forms in our universe within the next20 years..(科学家们相信，在未来20年 内，我们将与宇宙中的其他生命形式取得联系。)”可知， 科学家们对未来发现智慧生命持积极态度。 八、动词的时态和语态 「学考真题精选] 1.will feature「考查动词时态。句意：今年的戏曲周将展 示新技术。根据时间状语句子用一殷将来时。故填w山 feature。 2.fll[考查动词时态。句意：卢鲁是一名清华大学的交换 生，在2017年首次来到中国，她就爱上了这座城市。根 据时间状语in2017,句子用一般过去时。故填fell.] 3.had 4.running 5.has developed 6.gets 7.asked 8.received 「学考素能提升] I.1.have been made 2.was looking 3.cuts 4.is driving 5.is walking 6.was being robbed 7.expected II.1.were 2.am supposed 3.brings 4.were given 5.are revealed 6.is 7.is 8.have become 9.were pro- duced 10.walks 11.have started 12.be offered 13.was 14.fell 15.wished Ⅲ，[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了 在墨尔本乘坐热气球的相关信息，包括飞行时间、亮点、路 线等 l.A[细节理解题。根据第一段“Watch the city's skyline light up at sunrise during a one-hour flight,then enjoy a tasty breakfast.(在一个小时的飞行中，观看日出时城市 的天际线，然后享用美味的早餐。)”可知，乘坐热气球飞 越墨尔本持续一小时。] 2.C[细节理解题。根据Highlights（亮点)：中的“Amaz ing views from the sky(令人惊叹的天空景观)”可知，从 天空中能看到美妙的景色，这是亮点之一 3.B[细节理解题。根据The route(路线)：中的“After landing,you can help pack the balloon (if you want), then return to the Pullman Hotel where you can then stay for breakfast or take a quick 10-minute walk back to the city center,(着陆后，你可以帮忙打包气球 一如果你愿 意的话，然后返回普尔曼酒店，在那里你可以留下来吃早 餐，或者快步走10分钟回到市中心。)”可知，飞行结束后 可以在普尔曼酒店(Pullman Hotel)吃早餐。] 4.D[推理判断题。通读全文，可知文章主要介绍了在墨 尔本乘坐热气球的相关信息，包括飞行时间、亮点、路线 等，其目的是推广这种特殊的热气球体验。] 九、非谓语动词 学考真题精选] 1.observing L考查非谓语动词。句意：简花了数年时间在 黑猩猩的自然环境中观察它们的行为。spend十时间段十 v.-ing是固定用法，用动名词observing,作宾语。] 2.to care[考查非谓语动词。句意：1977年，她发起了一 个项目，教世界各地的年轻人关爱动物和环境。由于 teach sb.to do sth是固定用法，此处用care的动词不定 式to care,作宾补。] 3.using[考查非谓语动词。句意：在他看来，仅靠使用电 脑特效来建立人与人之间的联系是很难的。空出作介词 宾语，用动名词。故填using。」 4.watching[考查非谓语动词。句意：和往常一样，您可以 在戏曲中心欣赏到各种形式的中国戏曲。enjoy后跟动 名词作宾语。故填watching。 5.used L考查非谓语动词。句意：你可以通过VR技术“参 观”一些历史歌剧所使用的场景。空出作定语，且places 和uSe为被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填 used。] 6.winning 7.to continue 8.asked 9.compared 10.to take [学考素能提升] I.1.to see 2.keeping 3.making 4.repairing 5.delivered 6.To be admitted 7.leading 8.copying 9.going 10.remembering II.1.to finish 2.being pushed 3.to be held 4.Drawn 5.to find 6.to present 7.to discover 8.to rent 9.be lieving 10.tied Ⅲ，「语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了明 星橄榄球运动员Rudolph在学校自助餐厅与自闭症男孩Bo 一起吃披萨午餐这一善举，这一简单的举动被拍摄下来并 在网上传播，感动了无数人 l.B[细节理解题。根据第一段“While most students crowded around the athletes,Rudolph noticed a boy sit- ting alone in the cafeteria.The boy,Bo Paske,a sixth grader with autism(自闭症)，often ate lunch by himself. (当大多数学生都围着运动员时，Rudolph注意到一个男 孩独自坐在自助餐厅里。这个男孩名叫Bo Paske,是一 名患有自闭症的六年级学生，他经常一个人吃午饭。)”可 知，Rudolph是在学校的自助餐厅(cafeteria)遇到Bo的。] 2.A[细节理解题。根据第一段“Without hesitation,Ru dolph asked,‘Can I sit with you?’(Rudolph毫不犹豫地 问：‘我能和你坐在一起吗？')”以及第三段Rudolph说的 "I just wanted to be kind.Everyone deserves respect. (我只是想做个好人。每个人都值得尊重。)”可知，Ru- dolph看到Bo独自坐着，他想要友善待人，所以决定和 B0坐在一起。 3.C [细节理解题。根据第三段“Rudolph signed Bo's lunchbox,turning an ordinary school day into a lifelong memory,(Rudolph在Bo的午餐盒上签名，把一个普通Ⅳ.阅读理解 (2025·陕西学业水平考试)Is there intelli gent life on other planets besides Earth?For years, scientists weren't sure.Today,this is changing.Sci- entists believe intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe.They also think we will soon contact these beings. Why do they think intelligent life exists on other planets?The first reason is time.Scientists believe the universe is about 12 billion years old. This is too long for only one planet in the whole universe to develop intelligent life.The second reason is size-there are at least 100 billion galax- ies.And our galaxy has at least 100 billion stars. Some planets that circle these stars might be simi- lar to Earth. In the past,it was difficult to search for signs of intelligent life in the universe.But now,ad- vanced telescopes(望远镜)allow scientists to iden tify many more small planets in other solar sys- tems.If these planets are similar to Earth,they might have intelligent life. Have beings from outer space already visited Earth?Probably not.The distance between plan- ets is too great.Despite this,scientists think in- telligent beings might eventually contact us using 八、动词的 学考知识必备 动词的时态是指谓语动词所表示的动作或情 况发生时间的各种形式。动词的语态分为主动语 态和被动语态。 一、基本时态、语态的构成（以do为例） 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are done 般过去时 did was/were done 般将来时 will do will be done am/is/are being 现在进行时am/is/are doing done 现在完成时have/has done have/has been done other methods,but now we may not have the right tools to receive their messages.However,this is changing.Scientists believe we will make contact with other life forms in our universe within the next 20 years. 1.What is the main purpose of the text? A.To discuss how life probably started on Earth. B.To tell when the universe possibly came into being. C.To describe what life on other planets might look like. D.To explain why we may find intelligent life outside of Earth. 2.Which statement would scientists agree with? A.Intelligent life only exits on one planet. B.Intelligent beings will never contact us. C.Advanced telescopes help to discover more planets. D.There are at least 100 billion planets in our galaxy. 3.What do the underlined words“life forms”in Paragraph 4 mean? A.Messages. B.Beings. C.Planets. D.Stars. 4.What's scientists'attitude towards finding intel- ligent life in the future? A.Positive. B.Negative. C.Uncertain. D.Doubtful. 时态和语态 续表 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done 现在完成 has/have been 进行时 doing 过去完成时 had done had been done 二、基本时态的用法 1.一般现在时 一般现在时描述现在或经常性的动作或状态。 (1)表示经常或反复发生的动作。 此时常与often,usually,always,sometimes,ev- ery day,twice a week等时间状语连用。 (2)表示现在的情况或状态。 (3)表示客观事实、普遍真理，格言和警句。 (4)表示按时间表、计划或规定将要发生的动作。 (5)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。 2.一般过去时 (1)表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有：last night/ week/month,yesterday,just now,the other day,then等。 (2)表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。 3.一般将来时 表示将要发生的动作。 此时常与tomorrow,next week/month/year, next time,before long,soon,in the future等时 间状语连用。 4.现在进行时 (1)表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。此 时常与now,right now,at present等时间状语 连用。 (2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作。 (3)表示按照计划或安排将要发生的动作。 此时动词常为表示起止、位置转移的动词（短 语)，如come,go,leave,stay,arrive,take off, start,return等，且多与表将来的时间状语 连用。 (4)表示特定的情感。 现在进行时与always,.constantly等副词连用 时，往往表示责备或赞扬等感情色彩。 5.现在完成时 (1)强调过去的动作对现在的影响。 (2)表示过去的某一动作或行为一直持续到现在。 (3)在时间、条件等状语从句中，代替将来完成时。 6.过去进行时 表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。 常与then,at that moment,.at that time,at this time yesterday等时间状语连用。 7.现在完成进行时 表示某个动作从过去某个时候一直持续到现在， 并且很可能再持续下去。 8.过去完成时 (1)在过去某一时刻已完成，即过去的过去。 (2)从过去某一时刻起一直延续到另一个过去 时间。 三、被动语态应注意的几种情况 I.像happen,take place等不及物动词（短语）是没 有被动语态的。 2.带有介词的动词短语的被动语态，不要漏掉介 词。如： The children will be looked after well here. 这些孩子在这里将受到很好的照顾。 3.以下情况常用主动形式表示被动含义： (l)系动词feel,look,seem,appear,.taste,sound, smell,prove,remain等用主动形式表示被动意 义，主语通常是事物。如： The material feels very soft. 这种料子摸起来很柔软。 (2)write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook,open,close, lock等与well,badly,easily等副词连用，主语 由内在品质或性能使谓语得以实现或不能实现 时。如： The book sells well.那本书很畅销。 (3)cook,bake,make,print,pack,work out等动词 用于进行时态时。如： The fish is cooking.鱼正在煮。 学考真题精选 单句语法填空 1.(2026·广东学业水平合格性考试)This year's opera week (feature)new technology. 2.（2026·山东学业水平合格性考试)Lulu,anex change student at Tsinghua University,first came to Beijing in 2017 and she soon (fall)in love with the city. 3.(2024-2025·湖南学业水平考试)She (have)to take the underground to Green Park, where there was no one in sight. 4.(2024-2025·湖南学业水平考试)..Polly left work and stepped out into the fog,wondering if the buses would be (run). 5.(2024·新疆合格考)“China (develop) very fast in the last few years as the government has spent much money in encouraging innova- tion,said a foreigner living in China. 6.(2024·安徽省合格考)During this time,our body grows stronger and our brain (get)to rest. 7.(2023·福建合格考)When his father (ask)him for help,Tim said he was tired. 8.(2023·广西合格考)On March3,2022,Jiang Mengnan (receive)the "Touching China”(感动中国)award for202l. 学考素能提升 1.选词填空（二选一） 1.We won't start the work until all the prepara- tions (will be made/have been made). 2.-Didn't the guard see him breaking into the bank? -No,he was looking/looked)in the other direction. 3.This brand of knife is quite popular with cus- tomers,for it (is cut/cuts)well. 4.-The constant noise around here (drives/is driving)me crazy! -Calm down.It's no use complaining. 5.See?The strange man I saw yesterday (walked/is walking)around my house again. Should I call the police? 6.Why did so many people stand by while the woman was being robbed/has been robbed)in broad daylight? 7.Long time no see!The last time we met was at your wedding.You're younger than I (expect/expected). Ⅱ.单句语法填空 l.(2026·全国高考I卷)As transportation and communication (be)underdeveloped at that time,it was very difficult for households to obtain daily necessities. 2.(2026·全国高考Ⅱ卷)Now,I (sup- pose)to feel the weight on my legs and sink my dan tian. 3.(2026·湖南学业水平合格性考试模拟)Remem- ber that every little step (bring)a thousand miles. 4.(2026·湖南学业水平合格性考试模拟) Throughout the event,street performances (give),bringing the spirit of the Re- naissance to life and providing an enriching ex- perience of history and creativity. 5.(2025·全国一卷)“The players'personalities (reveal)during the game,and one's weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,"she adds. 6.(2025·全国二卷)The“sunshine scent(香味)” of freshly sunned clothes (be)one of them. 7.(2025·浙江1月卷)The concept (be) certainly not new-men have been renting good suits for decades -but for female shoppers,it is just taking off. 8.(2025·福建学业水平考试模拟)Younger gener- ations (become)used to consuming short stories in small moments in recent years, whether during their daily commutes or leisurely dinners. 9.(2025·福建学业水平考试模拟)Thousands of micro-dramas (produce)in the United States and Canada in 2024,with themes varying from original fantasy tales to realistic urban ro- mances. 3 10.(2024·新课标I卷)Further,the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse (walk)visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road,... 11.(2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets (start selling chicken or salad in packs. 12.(2024·浙江1月卷)However,though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages,it would help even more if they could sometimes (offer)in smaller packs. 13.(2025·湖南合格考模拟)There (be) not as much homework as I was used to,but it was still tough for me. 14.(2025·安徽合格考模拟)A century ago,when night-time (fall)the dark of night ar- rived. 15.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷，65)As a little girl,I (wish)to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Ⅲ.阅读理解 (2025·湖南学业水平考试模拟) Enjoy a Magical Hot-air Balloon Ride Over Melbourne Join a special hot-air balloon flight over Mel- bourne-one of the few cities where you can fly this way!Watch the city's skyline light up at sun- rise during a one-hour flight,then enjoy a tasty breakfast. Highlights(亮点)： ·Quick booking confirmation(确认) Amazing views from the sky Perfect for couples or friends Free ride to and from your hotel The route(路线)： We'll pick you up from your hotel and take you to the launch site.You can help set up the balloon or take photos.As you fly,you'll see Melbourne's parks,gardens,and the Yarra River as the city comes to life.Look down at famous places like the Melbourne Cricket Ground and Al- bert Park Circuit.After landing,you can help pack the balloon (if you want),then return to the Pullman Hotel where you can then stay for break- fast or take a quick 10-minute walk back to the city center. Warm tips: Flights depend on the weather and wind direc- tion.You might fly over Melbourne's city center or nearby green suburbs,showing why Victoria is called the“Garden State'”. 1.How long does the hot-air balloon ride over Melbourne last? A.One hour. B.Half an hour. C.An hour and a half. D.Two hours. 2.What is the highlight of the flight? A.A good choice for family trips. B.Free ride only to your hotel. C.Fantastic views from the sky. D.No need to book in advance. 九、非谓 学考知识必备 非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留 动词某些特征的动词形式。它们没有人称和数的 变化，但可以有自己的宾语、状语等。 一、动词不定式的句法功能 1.作主语。动词不定式作主语时，往往用t作形式 主语。 It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。 2.作宾语。动词不定式作宾语时，有时用t作形式 宾语。 He offered to help me.他主动提出帮助我。 The boy found it difficult to find his mother in the crowd. 男孩发现在人群中找到他的妈妈很难。 3.作表语。 My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。 4.作宾语补足语。 The school requests students to wear uniform. 学校要求学生们穿校服。 注意：有些动词后面的宾语补足语用省略t0的 不定式，常见的这类动词有：have,make,let, feel,hear,watch,observe,notice,see等。但当 这类动词用于被动语态时，补足语应为带t0的 不定式。 I saw the thief run into a supermarket. -The thief was seen to run into a supermarket byme.我看到那个小偷跑进了一家超市。 3.Where will you have breakfast after the flight? A.In the Melbourne Cricket Ground. B.In the Pullman Hotel. C.Near the Yarra River. D.In Melbourne's parks. 4.What's the writer's purpose in writing the pas- sage? A.To explain the history of hot-air balloons in Melbourne. B.To warn tourists about weather risks in Vic- toria. C.To compare different tourist activities in Mel- bourne. D.To promote a special hot-air balloon experi- ence. 语动词 5.作定语。 当被修饰词为序数词、最高级或被序数词、最高 级以及the last、the only等所修饰时多用不定式 作定语。 Armstrong was the first to set foot on the moon. 阿姆斯特朗是第一个登上月球的人。 6.作状语. 不定式作状语，可表示目的、结果、原因等。 (1)作目的状语时，常用todo/so as to do/in order todo。 To catch the first bus,I have to get up early. 为了赶上早班车，我只得早起。 (2)作原因状语时，常和表示情绪的形容词连用。 I was surprised to see him there. 我真没想到会在那里见到他。 (3)作结果状语时，表示出乎意料的结果，常与oly, just连用。表示自然而然的结果，要用现在分词。 试比较： I went to see him,only to find him out. 我去看他，不料他出去了。 The parents died,leaving the child an orphan. 父母死了，孩子成了孤儿。 7.“疑问词十不定式”结构 “疑问词+不定式”在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等 成分。 I find it difficult to decide what to do at the mo- ment. 我发现一时很难决定该做什么。（宾语） When to start has not been decided. 何时动身还未定。（主语）