专题二 语法运用 五、介词-【创新教程】2027年山东省普通高中学业水平合格考英语热点专练

When We Were Young Las Vegas,Nevada This festival,celebrating the old-time sounds of the early 2000s,brings together some of the biggest names from the pop-punk scenes,featuring legendary bands and artists from the 2000s.The event offers a trip down memory lane for those who fond- ly remember the golden era of pop-punk music. 1.Which festival will attract electronic dance music lovers? A.Pickathon. B.When We Were Young. C.Electric Daisy Carnival. D.Coachella Music Festival. 五、 学考知识必备 用来表明名词、代词与句中其他词的关系的词 叫介词。介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，需要 和它后面的词共同充当句子成分。 一、表示“时间”的介词 1.at,on,in 介词 意义 例子 at six o'clock在6点 钟；at daybreak在黎 表示“在…期 明；at noon在中午； at 间，在…时刻， at night在夜间；at 在…岁时” Christmas在圣诞节 期间；at the age of five在五岁时 on(the morning of) March18在3月18 表示“在具体某 日（早晨）；on Sunday on 天或某天的上午 在周日；on Monday 下午、晚上” afternoon在周 下午 in the 20th century 在20世纪；in1999 表示“在某世纪、在l999年；in winter 年、季度、月、周以在冬季；in September in 及泛指的上午、下在9月；in the morn 午、晚上” ing/afternoon/eve- ning在上午/下午/ 晚上 2.What do Pickathon and When We Were Young have in common? A.They offer an eco-friendly trip. B.They are held in the same state. C.They each have a central theme. D.They perform traditional music. 3.In which section of the newspaper would this text most likely appear? A.Business. B.Health. C.Science. D.Culture. 介词 [巧学妙记] 巧记介词at,in,on表时间的用法： at用在时刻前，亦与正午、午夜连，黎明、终止和 开端，at与之紧相伴。 周、月、季、年、长时间，i须放在其前面，泛指一 响和傍晚，也要放在in后面。 on指特定某一天，日期、星期和节日前，某天上 下午和夜晚，依然要在on后面， 今明昨天前后天，上下这那每之前，at,in,on都 不填，此乃习惯记心间。 注：“上下这那每之前”是指last/next/this/that/ every之前。 2.for,during,through 介词 意义 例句 表示“长达… She has been ill for for (时间)”，后接时 several days..她已经 间段 病了几天了。 I was in France for 表示“在…期 two weeks during during 间” the summer..夏天我 去了法国两个星期。 They worked through 表示“一直，自始 through the night.他们通宵 至终” 工作。 3 3.from,since (1)from表示“时间的起点”，可译作“从…起”， 多用于“from..to/tl..”结构中。 You can come anytime from Monday to Friday. 周一至周五你什么时间来都行。 (2)since表示“自从…以来（直到现在）”。 We have known each other since ten years ago. 我们十年前就认识了。 [特别提醒]for和since都常与完成时连用，但 for后接时间段，since后接时间点。如for two hours两小时；since last week自上周以来。 4.before,by,till,until (l)before指“在…之前”，与after相对。 Please come before ten o'clock. 请在10点以前来。 (2)by指“不迟于，到…为止，在…之前”。by 后接过去的时间时，常与过去完成时连用：by 后接将来的时间时，常与将来完成时连用。 We had learned over 1,000 words by the end of last term. 到上学期期末为止，我们已经学了1000多个 单词了。 We will have learned 2,000 English words by the end of this term. 到本学期结束之前，我们将学习2000个英语 单词。 (3)till(until)“直到…”。在肯定句中，till/until 必须与延续性动词连用；在否定句中，till/until 常与非延续性动词连用。 You must wait till tomorrow. 你必须得一直等到明天。 I didn't go to bed until 12 o'clock. 直到12点我才上床睡觉。 5.after,in,within (1)in与after都可表示“在…之后”，但用法 不同： ①用in时要具备两个条件：用于将来时；后接 时间段。 I'll come to see you again in a few days. 过几天我再来看你。 2 ②用after时有两种情况：可用于过去时和将 来时。 My sister came back from America after three years.三年后我姐姐从美国回来了。 Tom will leave Beijing after two o'clock this afternoon. 今天下午两点以后，汤姆将离开北京。 (2)within表示“在…之内”。强调事情发生的全 过程不超出某一段时间，没有时态的限制。 Within 24 hours the deal was completed. 交易在24小时内完成。 二、表示“地点、方位”的介词 1.at,on,to,in 介词 用法 例句 其后一般接小地方。 Guangdong is on at 接地名时，常将此地 the southeast of 视为空间的一点 Guangxi; Fujian lies to the south of on 表示两地接壤 Jiangsu and all of to 表示两地不接壤 them are in China. 广东在广西的东南 其后一般接大地方 方向，福建在江苏 in 或表示在某个范围南边，它们都在 之内 中国。 2.on,above,over 介词 用法 例句 表示“在…之上”， There is a glass on 强调两个物体相接 the table,a map of on 触，反义词是be the world on the neath wall,and a clock above this map.桌 子上有一只玻璃 仅表示位置高于某 杯，墙上有一幅世 above 物，但不一定在正上 界地图，这幅地图 方，反义词是below 的上方有一个 钟表。 There was a lamp 表示“在某物的正上hanging over the over 方”，反义词是under desk.书桌上方吊着 盏灯。 3.along,through,across 介词 用法 例句 I saw them running together 表示“沿着”某一路along the road yesterday. along 径行进 昨天我看见他们沿着马路 起跑。 意为“穿过”，表示从 They walked across the through 内部空间通过 square,and then through the dark forest..他们走过 表示“横穿”，强调从广场，然后穿过阴暗的 across 某一物体的表面通过森林。 三、其他用途的介词 1.表示“标准或单位”的介词：at,for,by (1)at表示“以…速度，以…价格”。 He drove at a speed of 80 miles an hour. 他以每小时80英里的速度行驶。 I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。 (2)for表示“用…交换”。 I bought the car for 20,000 dollars. 买这辆小汽车花了我20000美元。 (3)by表示“以…计”，后跟度量单位。 Gold is sold by the gram.金子以克出售。 They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。 2.表示“材料”的介词：of,from(常与be made连用) 介词 用法 例句 表示从成品仍可 This box is made of of paper.这个盒子是纸 看出原材料 做的。 Bread is made from 表示从成品已看 from wheat.面包是小麦 不出原材料 做的。 3.表示“工具或手段”的介词：by,with,on (1)by指“靠…手段，用…方法，凭借…”，后 可接名词、代词或动名词。 He makes a living by selling newspapers. 他靠卖报纸谋生。 2 (2)用“by十表示交通工具的名词”表示交通方式。 此时名词不加冠词。如：by bike(骑自行车)，by bus(乘公共汽车)，by taxi(乘出租车)，by train (乘火车)，by ship(乘轮船)，by plane(乘飞 机)等。 (3)用“by十表示交通方式的名词”表示交通方式。 如：by water(从水路)，by sea(从海路)，by air (乘飞机)等。 [特别提醒]用“in(on)十表示交通工具的名 词”也可表示交通方式。交通工具名词前必须 有冠词、名词所有格形式或形容词性物主代词 等限定词。如： We went there in a car,我们乘小汽车去那里。 He often goes to school on his bike. 他经常骑自行车去上学。 with用…工具，所用的东西都是具体的。其 后所接的名词前必须用冠词或物主代词。 Please write with a pencil.请用铅笔书写。 What can I stick this on with? 我用什么把这个贴上去呢？ 4.表示“原因、理由”的介词：for,at,with,from/of 介词 用法 例句 常与表示闻名、奖罚、Xi'an is famous for its 害怕等意义的形容词long history.西安因历 for 或动词连用，如fa- 史悠久而著名 mous,known,praise, He trembled for fear. punish,tremble等 他吓得发抖。 常与表示“喜、怒、哀、乐” 等的形容词或过去分词 He was surprised at the (如happy,pleased,an at news.听到这个消息他 gry,delighted等)连用， 大吃一惊。 表示产生这种情感的 原因 常与表示“喜、怒、哀 He shouted loudly with 乐”等的抽象名词连 with anger. 用，强调随着心理变化 他气得大喊大叫。 而产生的情感变化 常与die连用，用of时He died of cancer. 通常指死于疾病、饥他死于癌症。 from/of饿、衰老等，而用from He died from the traffic 则指由于受伤或不注 accident. 意而死 他因车祸而死亡。 5.表示“像…一样”的介词：like,as 介词 意义 例句 像…一样（其实 The little tiger looks like like a cat..这只小老虎 不是) 看起来像只猫。 He talked to me as a 作为，以…身份 as father..他以父亲的身 (其实是) 份跟我谈话。 四、介词短语 1.at构成的短语 at first起先，首先 at last最后 at length详细地，最后 at lunch在吃午饭，在午饭时间 at once立刻 at peace处于和平状态 at rest在休息 at sea茫然，在大海上 2.与of构成的短语 instead of代替 because of由于 regardless of不顾，不管 with the help of在…帮助下 by means of通过…的方式 in the direction of朝…方向 as a result of由于 3.与to构成的短语 thanks to多亏，由于 due to由于 owing to由于 4.易混介词，介词短语辨析 (1)in front of,in the front of before ①in front of表示“在…的前面”（范围 外)。如： There are some trees in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一些树。 ②in the front of表示“在…的前部”（范围 内)。如： Put the shortest flowers in the front of the bunch.把最短的花放在花束的靠前位置。 ③before所表示的位置关系和in front of相同， 表示“在…前面”。如： He sits before me. 他坐在我前面。 2 (2)below,under below表示“在…下方或位置低于…”，不 一定有垂直在下之意；under表示“在…正下 方”。如： There are many bikes under the trees. 树下有许多自行车。 The coat reaches below the knees. 这件外套的长度到了膝盖下面。 (3)besides,except,except for,apart from 介词 (短语) 用法 例句 “除了…之外（还There are three more visi- besides 有)”，除去的部分也 tors besides me.除我之外， 包括在整体之内 还有三位访客。 “除了……之外”，表 You can take any of the 示在整体中除去一 cakes except this one.除了 except 部分，除去的部分不 这块蛋糕外，你可以拿走这 包括在整体之内 些蛋糕中的任何一块。 “除了……之外”，用 The roads were empty ex- except 于引出细节以修正 cept for a few cars..除了几 for 和补充句子的主要 辆小汽车之外，马路上空荡 意思 荡的。 具有多重意义，即可 Apart from(=Except for) apart 代替besides,也可 the kitchen,the house is from 代替except或ex very nice,.这所房子除了厨 cept for 房外，哪儿都好。 学考真题精选 单句语法填空 1.(2026·湖南学业水平合格性考试)Al1 these factors made it a great success the his- tory of film industry. 2.(2026·山东学业水平合格性考试)She also be- came interested Peking Opera. 3.(2024一2025·湖南学业水平考试)At four o'clock a foggy day,Polly left work and stepped out into the fog,... 4.(2025·广东学业水平考试)With permission, simon posted a collection their dancing videos on social media. 5.(2024·新疆高中学业水平考试)It is true that China is a leading country many ways. 6.(2024·湖南学业水平考试) the fu- ture,China will continue to strengthen coopera- tion with others,... 7.(2023·安徽省合格考)..and fewer people kept the tradition two meals a day, with most enjoying three. 8.(2025·陕西学业水平考试)He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was in charge developing not only China's rocket sci- ence but also its space and missile technology. 学考素能提升< 1.选词填空 with;against;in;over;at;for;to;on 1.David has an advantage other appli- cants for the job since he can speak German flu- ently. 2.Many people who live along the coast make a living fishing industry. 3.They are hoping to return power. 4.Leaves are found all kinds of trees,but they differ greatly in size and shape. 5.It was a real race time to get the pro- ject done.Luckily,we made it. 6.I have an appointment Dr.Smith,but I need to change it. 7.The Smiths are praised the way they bring up their children. 8.100 C is the temperature which water will boil. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.(2026·全国高考Ⅱ卷)I keep my eyes a woman to my right and try to copy her movements,but unfortunately I soon lose fo- cus. 2.(2026·全国高考I卷)As a solution,people gathered at specific locations on set days to trade their surplus(剩余的)items what they needed. 3.(2026·1月浙江高考)One of my earliest memo- ries is being held her arms,counting down the flashing green numbers together. 2 4.(2026·山东学业水平合格性考试模拟)It can also help develop your thinking Eng- lish. 5.(2025·全国一卷)A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent no more than one or two points as a gesture(姿态)of respect for the other side. 6.(2025·全国二卷)Nothing in my life before pre- pared me this one-and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. 7.(2025·浙江1月卷)Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead the fact that they have some- thing unique to wear and are not overstuffing their own wardrobes(衣柜)or contributing to landfill. 8.(2025·辽宁学业水平考试模拟)We talked a lot and found that we had a lot common. 9.(2025·湖南学考模拟)This is why it is known as the“lungs the planet'”. l0.(2025·安徽模拟)A year of practicing tai chi has had a positive effect my everyday life. Ⅲ.阅读理解 (2025·陕西学业水平考试) TRY THESE SPORTS! CYCLEBALL This sport is like football on bikes.There are two teams.Each team has usually got two play- ers.The bikes don't have any brakes to stop them.Players in each team try to hit the ball into the goal with their bikes or their heads.The win- ning team is the team with the most goals at the end of the game. GILLI-DANDA This is an ancient sport from India.The play- ers use two things:one long stick,called a danda and a short egg-shaped bat,called a gilli.There are two teams.One player puts the gilli on the ground inside a small circle and hits it into the air with the danda.Then the player hits the gilli again and runs to touch a spot outside the circle to get a point. OCTOPUSH The sport is also called underwater hockey. There are two teams.Each team has got six play- ers.Players swim underwater to play this game. They use small sticks and a puck.The puck is a little like a flat ball.Players try to push the puck along the bottom of a swimming pool into the oth- er team's goal.The winning team is the team with the most goals at the end of the match. 1.What is a gilli? A.A flat ball. B.A small circle. C.A long stick. D.An egg-shaped bat. 2.Where do people play Octopush? A.On bikes. B.At a spot outside a circle. C.On the ground. D.In a swimming pool. 3.What do the three sports have in common? A.There are two players in the team. B.There are two teams in the match. C.Players use a small ball in the match. D.Players hit the ball with their hands. 六、动词和 学考知识必备《 动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分为 实义动词、系动词和助动词等。动词短语是由动词 和其他词语构成的短语。 一、实义动词 实义动词是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的 词义完整，可以单独作谓语。 1.及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫及物 动词。及物动词有被动形式，主要用于以下句子 结构： (1)主语+谓语+宾语 Mr Li reached Shanghai the day before yester- day. 李先生是前天抵达上海的。 (2)主语+谓语+双宾语 She gave me a pen.=She gave a pen to me. 她给我一支钢笔。 IW.书面表达 (2025·山东模拟)假定你是李华，红星中学高 一学生。你校将于本月举办“健康饮食月”系列活 动，你将代表你们班进行全校宣讲，内容须包括以 下几点： 1.健康饮食的重要性； 2.对于健康饮食的建议： 3.发出号召。 注意：1.写作词数应为100左右： 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 动词短语 (3)主语+谓语+宾语十宾语补足语 You must keep your room clean and tidy. 你必须保持你的房间干净整齐。 2.不及物动词 本身意义完整，后面不需要跟宾语的实义动词， 叫不及物动词。不及物动词没有被动形式，只能 用于“主语十谓语”结构。 Horses run fast.马跑得快。 They work in a factory.他们在工厂工作。 [名师点津] 很多动词既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动 词。如何区分它们主要是看它们后面是否直接 跟宾语。 The boy can speak now.(不及物动词)现在这个 男孩子能说话了。 Tom can speak Chinese..(及物动词)汤姆会说 汉语。3.D[推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Music festi- vals are for everyone!Here are some of the top music fes- tivals across America this festival season.(音乐节适合每 个人！以下是这个音乐节季美国各地的一些顶级音乐 节。)”可知，本文主要介绍了美国各地的音乐节，这些音 乐节是文化活动的一部分，因此最有可能出现在报纸的 文化版块。故选D。] 五、介词 [学考真题精选] 1.in[考查介词。句意：所有这些因素使其在电影史上取 得了巨大成功。在某领域，某方面，介词用in。] 2.in[考查介词。句意：她也对京剧产生了兴趣。become interested in对……感兴趣，为固定短语。故填in。] 3.on 4.of 5.in 6.In 7.of 8.of [学考素能提升] I.1.over 2.in 3.to 4.on 5.against 6.with 7.for 8.at Ⅱ.1.on[考查介词。句意：我将目光一直投向右边一位 女士，试图模仿她的动作，但不幸的是，很快便失去了专 注。固定搭配keep one's eyes on sb./sth.(紧盯某人/ 某物)，填0n。」 2.for[考查介词。设空处考查的是短语“trade A for B”的 固定搭配，表示“用物品A换取物品B”:根据句意可知， 此处指的是“百姓以家中富余物资交换自身所需物资” 介词for体现交换对象，故填for。 3.in[考查介词。句意：我最早的记忆之一是被妈妈抱在 怀里，一起倒数闪烁的绿色数字。固定搭配in one's arms 表示“在某人的怀里”。故填in。】 4.i[考查介词。句意：它还能帮助你培养用英语思考的 能力。in English为固定搭配，意为“用英语”。故填in。] 5.by[考查介词。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅 一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。“by十具 体数值”表示“以（某一差值）”，此处指“以一到两分的优 势”，符合语境。故填by。 6.for[考查介词。句意：我生命中没有任何事情能让我为 这一切做好准备一 一可以肯定的是，我第一次来到这里 时，从未想过我会在这个地方感到舒适。prepare sb. for.“使某人为…做好准备”，固定搭配。 7.0[考查介词。句意：如今的顾客不再关注衣服是二手 的这一事实，而是关注他们有独特的衣服可穿，并且不会 把自己的衣柜塞得满满当当，也不会造成垃圾填埋问题。 focus on是固定短语，意为“关注，聚焦于”。 ,故填on。」 8.i句意：我们进行了深入的交谈，发现我们有很多共同 之处。have,,,in common表示“有…共同之处”，是固定 短语。] 9.of 10.on Ⅲ，[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三项运动， 均为两队参与，规则各有不同： L.D[细节理解题。根据第二段“The players use two things:one long stick,called a danda and a short egg shaped bat,called a gilli.(玩家使用两种东西：一根长 棍，叫做danda,还有一个短的蛋形球拍，叫做gilli。.)”可 知，gli是一种蛋形的球拍。 2.DL细节理解题。根据第三段“Players try to push the puck along the bottom of a swimming pool into the other team's goal..(玩家们试图将puck沿着游泳池底部推到对 方球队的球门里。)”可知，O℃TOPUSH在游泳池中进行。] 3.B[细节理解题。根据文中对三项运动的描述：CYCLE BALL中“There are two teams..（有两支队伍。)”；GILL DANDA中“There are two teams.(有两支队伍。)”；OC TOPUSH中“There are two teams.(有两支队伍。)”可知， 三项运动的共同，点是比赛中都有两支队伍。] N.[参考范文] Good afternoon,everyone! I'm Li Hua,a senior one student from Hongxing High School.Nowadays,there is a growing focus on health care. People are pursuing a healthy lifestyle.A healthy diet is one of the most important parts of it. As the saying goes,bread is the staff of life.Eating healthily and deliciously is the goal we pursue.From my point of view,in order to build healthy eating habits,we should eat more vegetables,which are rich in vitamins. Among them,vitamin C and vitamin A are the most impor- tant.Too much fat and sugar can lead to obesity,which is harmful to health.Besides,eating more fruits and drinking more water is of great help. I hope we can live in a healthy life.Let's take action. Thanks for your listening! 六、动词和动词短语 [学考真题精选] l.believed[考查动词。句意：那时，他相信这样做会有所 帮助。根据时间状语，句子用一般过去时。故填believed。] 2.has[考查动词。句意：她说，…“我确实相信艺术没有 国界。我希望我能和中国以外的人分享我的兴趣。”此处主 语art为单数第三人称，谓语用单数形式。故填has。] 3.entered 4.scored 5.arrived 6.pays 7.were [学考素能提升] I.1.complain 2.value 3.spare 4.exercise 5.charges 6.received 7.realized 8.benefit II.1.went off 2.look forward to 3.talked up 4.come up with 5.figure out 6.emptying out 7.trying out 8.cut off 9.shouted at 10.went through Ill.1.agree with 2.settle down 3.are friendly to 4.dressing up 5.gave him away 6.pick up 7.Turn to 8.lead to Ⅳ，[语篇解读]作者儿时家乡河道污水横流、脏乱不堪， 多年后政府大力整治生态，河流焕然一新，成为人们休闲放 松的好去处，作者由此感悟到保护环境的意义与团结的 力量。 l.B[细节理解题。根据第一段“The water was black and smelly,because many factories poured wastewater into t,(那里的水是黑色且散发着恶臭的，因为许多工厂将废 水排入了其中。)”可知，当这位作家还是个小女孩的时 候，那条河是黑色的且散发着恶臭。故选B。] 2.C[细节理解题。根据第三段“She told me that the gov ernment started to clean the river 8 years ago.They closed the polluting factories along the river,cleaned up the waste,and planted lots of trees and flowers.They al- so set up rules to stop people from throwing rubbish into the river.(她告诉我，政府在8年前就开始清理这条河流 了。他们关闭了沿河的污染工厂，清理了废弃物，并种下 了大量的树木和花卉。他们还制定了规定，禁止人们向 河里丢弃垃圾。)”可知，政府采取行动来改变这条河流是 为了改善环境和人们的居住条件。故选C。」 3.B[句意猜测题。根据划线词后文“It shows that people have learned to respect and protect nature.(这表明人们 已经学会了尊重和保护自然。)”可知，河流蜕变不仅是环 境改观，更体现人们学会尊重、保护自然，思想观念也随 之转变，故划线句意思是“环境的变化也改变了人们对自 然的看法”。故选B。」 4.CL推理判断题。根据最后一段“And only by working together can we make our hometown a better place to live i.(只有齐心协力，我们才能让我们的家乡变得更加宜 居。)”可知，通力合作能够促成重大变革的实现。故选 C。] 七、情态动词 学考真题精选] 1.should 2.must 3.may 4.may 5.can 6.can 7.can [学考素能提升] I.1.can't 2.should 3.must 4.can't 5.should 6.can't 7.can 8.can 9.Shall 10.must Ⅱ.l.may:can2.may 3.should 4.could 5.must 6.would 7.can 8.should/must 9.might 10.can Ⅲ.1.can't[句意：你不能指望孩子在你抱怨洗碗机太满 时，还能满怀热情地完成自己的任务。此处表示否定判 断。故填can't。 2.needn'tL考查情态动词。句意：实际上我本不必买这么 多食物的—一只有三个人来啊。needn't have done表示 没必要做某事，实际上已经做了。故填needn't。] 3.mustn't[考查情态动词。句意：在埃及，未经许可不得 拍摄他人照片。mustn't表示“禁止，不许”。故填 mustn't。