专题二 语法运用 一、冠词-【创新教程】2027年山东省普通高中学业水平合格考英语热点专练

[典题示例]（山东学业水平真题）What is the man's favorite sport? A.Basketball. B.Volleyball. C.Table tennis. [解析]此问题是关于最喜爱的运动的，听录音原 文时，我们就应该留意对话中有没有三个选项中提 到的basketball,volleyball或者是table tennis.。 听中预测指在听的过程中通过开篇句以及对 话者的语气预测对话或独白的内容，尤其适用于 较长的对话及独白。 英语听力的第一句话通常会透露整篇的主题，所 以我们要善于抓住听力材料的首句信息。 [典题示例]William Shakespeare is one of the world's greatest writers.He mostly wrote plays for the theater.He wrote some poems,too.Shakespeare was born in England in 1564,during the time of Queen Elizabeth I.When he was older,he went to London to be an actor... [解析]从开篇我们可以预测到的信息有： ①这是人物介绍。 ②简单介绍莎士比亚的成长过程以及主要作品、 主要成就。 专题二 [考情分析] 学业水平测试对语法的考查涉及：名词、冠词、 形容词、副词、代词、介词、动词、动词短语、非谓语 动词、时态和语态、情态动词、从句、主谓一致和情 景交际等。对语法的考查有以下命题特点： 1.纯英语语法知识的考查，如时态、语态、非谓语动 词、定语从句、连词与状语从句以及宾语从句都 是考查重点。 2.词类的考查，如代词、冠词、名词等成为考查 重点。 [策略指导] 1.解题步骤：要想既快又准地做好语法填空题，必 须采用的解题步骤是： 理解语境→判断空格处要填的词形→正确填词 2.具体策略： (1)题眼法 “题眼”是指题干中的关键词或关键符号，它具 有提示信息的作用。一旦抓住了它，就掌握了 选择的依据，如so far,recently,yet等就是与现 在完成时搭配使用的“题眼”。 3.手脑并用，边听边记，储存信息 在了解题干与选项的基础上，听录音时采用自己 习惯的符号快速、准确、简要地在试卷上记下有关 信息或做标记符号，前提是不要影响跟听速度。 尤其是较长的对话和独白阅读两遍，所占时间较 长，如果考生能够培养一定的速记技巧，有助于保 持部分听力内容，帮助记忆。可以用标志性的字 母代替较长的单词。用这种方法记比较长的单 词、常见的单词及专有名词（人名、地名、国家名、 组织机构名称与关键词等)最好。 [典题示例]How much will the man pay for the tickets? A.$18. B.$24. C.$30. W:Tickets for the movie are $6 for adults, half price for children. M:All right,I'd like three tickets for adults and two tickets for children,please. [解析]笔记可简化为：$6A(A代表adults), half C(C代表children),3A+2C或6A(3)+ half C(2)。选B。 语法运用 [典题示例] -Thomas will be back home to- morrow. -Really?It's such a long time since he (leave). [解析]阅读题千可以发现此题考查动词时态。 根据题千中的题眼since可知，本句要用一般过 去时，因为此处是since的固定句式：Itis十时间 段十since十一般过去时。故填left。 (2)还原法 把倒装句、强调句或疑问句的题干变换为陈述 句，可以有效降低试题的难度，如Only in this way can you improve yourself.转变成：You can improve yourself only in this way. [典题示例]一Which do you like (good),tea or coffee? -Coffee. [解析]把题千变成肯定的句式I like coffee better.后，题目的答案就变得显而易见了。故填 better (3)归类法 根据句意，把选项分组归类，缩小范围，提高做 题的速度和准确性。 [典题示例]The government has taken measures to deal with the unemployment, will benefit those out of work. [解析]分析结构可知，此处是定语从句，从句 中缺少主语，并且为非限制性定语从句，故填 which。用which替代前面的句子。 (4)语境法 根据空格前后文，仔细体会其语境，根据其逻辑 性进行答案填写。 [典题示例] -Would you like some tea orange juice? -Orange juice,please. [解析]0r或者，还是，表示选择，填入题干后符 合句意。句意：一你想喝点茶还是橘子 汁？一来点橘子汁吧。 学考知识必备 冠词是放在名词前面，用来帮助说明名词所指的 人或事物的一种虚词，它不能离开名词而独立存在。 冠词分为不定冠词(a,an),定冠词(the)和零冠词（不 用冠词)三种。 一、a,an,零冠词和the的基本用法 1.不定冠词的基本用法 (1)表示类指或指某类中的任何一个。 A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 (2)表示泛指。当说话人第一次提及某人或某物时 通常用不定冠词。 I want to buy a book tomorrow. 明天我想去买本书。 (3)表示量指。表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one 强烈。 We meet once a week. 我们一周见一次面。 (4)不定冠词a,an的区别。 a用在发音以辅音音 a teacher,a good student 素开头的单词前 an用在发音以元音 an apple tree,an inter- 音素开头的单词前 esting story 注意：①判断一个词前用a还是an,是根据其读 音，而不是根据其字母。我们可以这样记忆：不 见元音不加an,不看字母看发音。 (5)补全法 遇到省略类的题目时，只要将省去的部分补上， 便能将思维序列中的断点连接起来，从而使理 解变得容易。 [典题示例]Although (beat)by the op- posite team,the players were not discouraged but practiced harder. [解析]本题考查状语从句的省略。句意：虽然 被对方队伍打败了，但是队员们没有气馁，而是 更加刻苦地训练。Although beaten是Although they were beaten的省略形式，把句子补充完整 答案就显而易见了。故填beaten。 冠词 ②要注意区别以“u”开头的单词：当“u”发/△/音 时前用an,如：an umbrella,an unusual story,an unhappy boy,当“u”发/ju:/音时前用a,如a university,a useful book. 2.定冠词的基本用法 (1)表示特指的人或物或者表示双方都知道的或心 中明白的人或物或者指上文已经提到的人 或物。 Do you know the man standing at the gate of the park? 你认识那个站在公园门口的人吗？ (2)用在世界上独一无二的名词前。 The earth goes around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。 (3)用于序数词、形容词的最高级前。 Is this the first time you have visited Qingdao? 这是你第一次游览青岛吗？ China is one of the richest countries in natural resources in the world. 在自然资源方面，中国是世界上最富有的国家 之一 (4)用在西洋乐器名词前。 She was born in 1974 and has played the piano since the age of six. 她出生于1974年，从六岁起就开始弹钢琴了。 3.零冠词（即不用冠词）的用法 (1)表示泛指的不可数名词。 I have milk and bread for breakfast. 早餐我喝牛奶和吃面包。 (2)表示泛指的复数可数名词。 Computers play a great part in our life. 电脑在我们的生活中起着重要作用。 (3)学科名词前和表示三餐的名词前。 We study physics and chemistry. 我们学习物理和化学。 (4)play后所接的球类运动、棋类游戏前。 We often play football. 我们经常踢足球。 (5)季节/月份/星期/含有day的节日名词前。 I was born in September. 我出生在九月份。 二、a(n)和the常见的习惯用法 1.有些不可数名词，如：knowledge,collection等是 由其动词转化而来，它们后面加o..时，前面需 用不定冠词a/an. His new book is a collection of short stories. 他的新书是一部短篇小说集。 2.一些固定短语中 at the end of在…末尾 in the charge of由…控制 学考真题精选 单句语法填空（用冠词填空） 1.(2026·陕西学业水平合格性考试)At26,she traveled to Gombe National Park in Tanzania, country in Africa,and started her re- search on chimps. 2.(2026·湖南学业水平合格性考试)With help of the computer,scenes like this could have been made in the studio. 3.(2026·广东学业水平合格性考试)It will be held in our opera center at end of this month. 4.(2025·广东学业水平考试)He posted sign on the front door that read:... 5.(2024-2025·湖南学业水平考试)As she walked along the narrow street.Polly heard same sound of footsteps approaching,... 6.(2025·陕西学业水平考试)...“Why not?We Chinese are able to make same things that other people make. 学考素能提升 I,单句语法填空（用冠词填空） 1.(2026·1月浙江高考)I remember being pushed in a supermarket trolley(手推车)over une- ven car park ground like riding a roller coaster. 2.(2026·全国高考I卷)Daji originated from the ancient folk custom of trading goods,which dates back to Han Dynasty. 3.(2026·山东学业水平考试模拟)In short, keeping a diary in English is effective way to improve your English writing. 4.(2026·湖南学业水平考试模拟)At same time,they insist that the government should play an important role and try their best to protect the environment. 5.(2025·全国-卷)Go is one of earliest binary-based(基于二元的)games. 6.(2025·浙江1月卷)The price of fashion一eco nomically and environmentally-has led to the rise of new way of dressing,and it's begin- ning to take off in Australia,too. 7.(2025·湖南学业水平考试模拟)He worked out that by flying a kite during thunder- storm,electricity could go through the wet kite line down to the earth. 8.(2025·湖南学业水平考试模拟)As chrysanthe- mums blossom(开花)during festival, it is a pleasure to enjoy the chrysanthemums in parks. 9.(2024·新课标I卷)..by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for first time. 10.(2024·浙江1月卷)Then,when you use one section, other stays fresh. 1l.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，改编)That encourage- ment helped me to get through lan- guage barrier. 12.(2025·湖南合格考模拟)Technology classes were fun.I made clock to take home. 13.(2025·湖南模拟)With an area of about6mil- lion square kilometers, rainforest is more than half the size of China. 14.(2023·新课标I卷)You see much more from seat of a bike! 15.(2025·湖南省模拟考)He was chatting online and,at same time playing a computer game-a war game. Ⅱ.阅读理解 (2026·广东学业水平考试)When expec ting guests,I like to have a few small tasks ready, just in case they offer to help.Most guests,I've found,will feel great if there are small things they can do in return for my warm reception.So,when my friends Mary and Tom visited my new home one afternoon and asked if I needed anything,I pointed directly to the box of a new lock sitting on my table. “Well,since you asked,”I replied,“this new lock needs to be fixed on the door.Tom offered to do the work.As he was unpacking the box,he suggested keeping it."That way,if you change your mind,you can pack everything back in the box and return the lock,"he added.This made me slightly nervous.I didn't want him to reconsider his offer. While Tom worked,his wife Mary and I drank coffee and had some cookies together.Mary shared with me that she was a bit worried about the lock task."Tom likes to take things slow. Sometimes,I just need to give him a little push," she said. Just at that moment,Tom said he hit a dead end.He could not remove the last few small metal pieces from the new lock.Unhurriedly,he sat down,rested his head against the back of the seat, and closed his eyes.It seemed that he was trying to work out a solution-at his own pace(节奏)，of course. For the next half-hour,Tom remained glued to his seat.When I was about to ask him to call it quits and have a cup of coffee instead,Mary stood 二 学考知识必备《一 一、名词的数 1.名词按其所表示的事物性质分为可数名词与不 可数名词，可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，名 词复数形式构成的部分规则如下： 情况 构成方法 例词 cake一cakes 一般情况 加-s day-days bed-beds 以-s,-x,-sh,-ch bus-buses 等结尾的词 加-es box-boxes up and tapped her husband on the shoulder."I don't mean to rush you,but we aren't staying here forever,said Mary.Hearing this,Tom took out his phone and turned to what he called his favorite teacher,the Internet.After searching for a short while,he found a video that showed how.He then walked back to the door and soon announced,"All done！”What a relief！ 1.The new lock was intended as A.a small task for the guests B.a house-warming gift for the author C.a secret treasure for the guests to find D.a reminder for the author to call a repairman 2.What made the author slightly nervous? A.The reception of Mary and Tom. B.The expectation from Mary and Tom. C.Tom's suggestion about keeping the box. D.Tom's offer to fix the new lock on the door. 3.What did Tom mean when he said he hit a dead end? A.He broke the door. B.He wanted to take a rest. C.He worked out a solution. D.He got stuck in the work. 4.How did Tom finally get the work done? A.By following Mary's instructions. B.By watching a video online. C.By gluing the metal pieces together. D.By calling his favorite teacher. 5.What is the main purpose of the story? A.To explain how to change a door lock. B.To discuss the challenges of receiving guests. C.To tell a fun story about getting help from guests. D.To encourage readers to do small tasks by themselves. 名词 续表 以辅音字母加-y 变y为i,再加 baby-babies 结尾的词 -es city-cities 以元音字母加-y toy -toys 结尾的词 加-s monkey- monkeys 以f(fe)结尾 的词 变f(fe)为ves leaf-leaves wolf-wolves 以-ce,-se,-ze, face-faces -(d)ge等结尾 加-s orange- 的词 oranges参芳 专题二语法运用 一、冠词 [学考真题精选] 1.a[考查冠词。句意：26岁时，她前往坦桑尼亚的贡贝国 家公园一一个非洲国家，并开始了对黑猩猩的研究。 名词country为泛指概念，表示“一个国家”，用不定冠词 限定，且以辅音音素开头，用a。] 2.the[考查冠词。句意：借助计算机的帮助，像这样的场 景本可以在工作室中制作出来。此处with the help of..·. 在…帮助下，为固定用法。故填the。」 3.the[考查冠词。句意：活动将于本月底在我们的歌剧中 心举行。at the end of..,在…末，为固定用法。故填 the。] 4.a 5.the 6.the [学考素能提升] I.1.the[考查冠词。句意：我记得小时候坐在超市的手 推车里被人推着驶过停车场凹凸不平的地面，那种颠簸 的感觉就像坐过山车一样。此处特指凹凸不平的停车 场地面，应用定冠词the。故填the。 2.the[考查定冠词。由普通名词构成的朝代、王朝专有名 词前，必须搭配定冠词the,the Han Dynasty为固定专 有表达，意为“汉朝”。故填the。] 3.an[考查冠词。句意：总之，用英语写日记是提升英语 写作能力的一种有效方法。way为可数名词，句中泛指 一种有效的方法，应用不定冠词修饰，effective发音以元 音音素开头，应用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。] 4.the[考查冠词。句意：同时，他们坚持认为政府应该发 挥重要的作用，尽他们最大的努力保护环境。at the same time为固定短语，意为“同时”，因此空格处为定冠 词the,故填the。] 5.the[考查冠词。句意：围棋是最早的基于二元的棋类游戏 之一。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。故填the。] 6.a[考查冠词。句意：时尚在经济和环境方面的代价催 生了一种新的穿衣方式，这种方式也开始在澳大利亚流 行起来。可数名词way在句中表示“一种方式”，泛指，且 new发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故 填a。」 7[考查冠词。句意：他发现，通过在雷雨天气放风筝，电 流可以通过湿风筝线到达地面。thunderstorm是可数名 词单数，这里表示“一场雷雨”，应用不定冠词，且thunder storm发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。] 8.the[考查定冠词。句意：由于菊花在节日期间盛开，在 公园里欣赏菊花是一种乐趣。此处用定冠词the特指重 阳节这个节日，故填the。」 9,the[此处考查固定用法for the first time在句中作状 语。意为“第一次”。」] 10.the[考查冠语。此处特指两者中的另一个用定冠词 the。] 11.the[句意：这种鼓励帮助我克服了语言障碍。此处表 特指，用定冠词the。] 12.a[句意：科技班很有趣。我制造了一个钟表拿回了 家。表示一个用a。] 13.the[考查冠词。此处表特指。」 14.the 15.the Ⅱ，「语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了朋 友来时帮忙安装新锁的有趣经历。 1.A[细节理解题。根据第一段“So,when my friends Mary and Tom visited my new home one afternoon and asked if I needed anything,I pointed directly to the box of a new lock sitting on my table.所以，有一天下午，我的朋 友玛丽和汤姆来我家做客，问我需要什么，我直接指着桌 上放着的一个新锁盒。”和第二段“‘Well,since you asked,'I replied,'this new lock needs to be fixed on the door.’‘既然你提到了，’我回答道，‘这扇门上的新锁需 要安装。’”可知，新锁是打算作为给客人的一个小任务。 故选A。」 答案 2.C[细节理解题。根据第二段句子“As he was unpac king the box,he suggested keeping it.'That way,if you change your mind,you can pack everything back in the box and return the lock,'he added.This made me slightly nervous..当他拆开盒子时，他建议把它留着。 ‘这样，如果你改变主意，就可以把所有东西重新装进盒 子里，再把锁还回去，’他补充道。这让我有点紧张。”可 知，汤姆关于保留盒子的建议让作者有点紧张。故选C。] 3.DL词句猜测题。根据第四段句子“Just at that mo ment,Tom said he hit a dead end.He could not remove the last few small metal pieces from the new lock. 那一刻，汤姆说他遇到了困难。他无法将新锁上的最后 几小块金属件取下来。”可知，he hit a dead end意思是 “他被卡住了” 故选D。 4.BL细节理解题。根据最后一段句子“Hearing this, Tom took out his phone and turned to what he called his favorite teacher,the Internet.After searching for a short while,he found a video that showed how,听到这话，汤 姆拿出手机，转向他所谓的最爱的老师 -互联网。搜 索了一会儿，他找到了一段视频，展示了具体的方法。”可 知，汤姆最后通过看网上视频完成了工作。故选B。门 5.C[推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了一个从客 人那里得到帮助的有趣故事。故选C。」 二、名词 [学考真题精选] 1.1 bols考查名词。句意：她发现它们会制造和使用工 具，这一，点曾被认为是人类独有的能力。所填词作use的 宾语，要用名词；括号里的tOol是单数可数名词，意为“工 具”，其前无修饰语，要将其变成复数名词tO0ls,泛指一切 工具。门 2.1oss考查名词。句意：现在，她的项目在整个非洲继续 推进，以防止栖息地丧失和非法捕猎。所填词作宾语，要 用名词：lose的名词是loss,是不可数名词。 3.activities[考查名词。句意：如果你能通过回答有关中 国戏曲的问题，在网上收集到12枚戏曲主题邮票，就可 以免费享受上述所有活动。activity为可数名词，由all可 知，空处用名词复数形式。故填activities。] 4.excitement 5.footsteps 6.customers 学考素能提升 T.1.numbers[考查名词复数。句意：我最早的记忆之- 是被妈妈抱在怀里，一起倒数闪烁的绿色数字。number “数字”是可数名词，此处指多个数字，应用复数形式，作 宾语。 故填numbers。 2.excitement[考查名词。句意：她会带着我们在厨房里 左右跳舞，我们的眼睛盯着微波炉，仿佛那是火箭发射的 倒计时，兴奋和紧张的情绪在最后一刻不断累积：叮！本 空与后面的tension为并列关系，共同作主语，需用excite 的名词形式excitement'“兴奋”。故填excitement。] 3.frequency[考查名词。并列连词and在句中连接两个 并列的名词，因此空格处需填入名词形式；形容词fre quent的名词形式为frequency,在这里指“举办频次、频 率”，在句中与dates共同作句子主语。故填frequency。] 4.fet[考查名词。句意：她说，“把你的双脚并拢，用丹田 支撑身体”。f0ot为可数名词，此处指双脚，用复数形式 feet。J 5.difficulties[考查名词。句意：在用英语写日记的过程 中，你肯定会遇到很多困难。空处需填名词作宾语，difi culty为可数名词，根据空前的many可知，此处应用复数 形式。故填difficulties。] 6.guidance[考查名词。句意：“你试图引导对手进入你的 陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的‘引导’直到他们输掉。”王伟是 此次展览的参观者之一，也是一名围棋选手，他解释道 此处作follow的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可数名 词。故填guidance。」 7.absence afternoons[查名词。句意：我住的地方，晒干 的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的 天很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks to的宾语，应用名词 absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填absence。考查