专题二 语法运用 二、名词-【创新教程】2027年山东省普通高中学业水平合格考英语热点专练

Ⅱ.阅读理解 (2026·广东学业水平考试)When expec ting guests,I like to have a few small tasks ready, just in case they offer to help.Most guests,I've found,will feel great if there are small things they can do in return for my warm reception.So,when my friends Mary and Tom visited my new home one afternoon and asked if I needed anything,I pointed directly to the box of a new lock sitting on my table. “Well,since you asked,”I replied,“this new lock needs to be fixed on the door.Tom offered to do the work.As he was unpacking the box,he suggested keeping it."That way,if you change your mind,you can pack everything back in the box and return the lock,"he added.This made me slightly nervous.I didn't want him to reconsider his offer. While Tom worked,his wife Mary and I drank coffee and had some cookies together.Mary shared with me that she was a bit worried about the lock task."Tom likes to take things slow. Sometimes,I just need to give him a little push," she said. Just at that moment,Tom said he hit a dead end.He could not remove the last few small metal pieces from the new lock.Unhurriedly,he sat down,rested his head against the back of the seat, and closed his eyes.It seemed that he was trying to work out a solution-at his own pace(节奏)，of course. For the next half-hour,Tom remained glued to his seat.When I was about to ask him to call it quits and have a cup of coffee instead,Mary stood 二 学考知识必备《一 一、名词的数 1.名词按其所表示的事物性质分为可数名词与不 可数名词，可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，名 词复数形式构成的部分规则如下： 情况 构成方法 例词 cake一cakes 一般情况 加-s day-days bed-beds 以-s,-x,-sh,-ch bus-buses 等结尾的词 加-es box-boxes up and tapped her husband on the shoulder."I don't mean to rush you,but we aren't staying here forever,said Mary.Hearing this,Tom took out his phone and turned to what he called his favorite teacher,the Internet.After searching for a short while,he found a video that showed how.He then walked back to the door and soon announced,"All done！”What a relief！ 1.The new lock was intended as A.a small task for the guests B.a house-warming gift for the author C.a secret treasure for the guests to find D.a reminder for the author to call a repairman 2.What made the author slightly nervous? A.The reception of Mary and Tom. B.The expectation from Mary and Tom. C.Tom's suggestion about keeping the box. D.Tom's offer to fix the new lock on the door. 3.What did Tom mean when he said he hit a dead end? A.He broke the door. B.He wanted to take a rest. C.He worked out a solution. D.He got stuck in the work. 4.How did Tom finally get the work done? A.By following Mary's instructions. B.By watching a video online. C.By gluing the metal pieces together. D.By calling his favorite teacher. 5.What is the main purpose of the story? A.To explain how to change a door lock. B.To discuss the challenges of receiving guests. C.To tell a fun story about getting help from guests. D.To encourage readers to do small tasks by themselves. 名词 续表 以辅音字母加-y 变y为i,再加 baby-babies 结尾的词 -es city-cities 以元音字母加-y toy -toys 结尾的词 加-s monkey- monkeys 以f(fe)结尾 的词 变f(fe)为ves leaf-leaves wolf-wolves 以-ce,-se,-ze, face-faces -(d)ge等结尾 加-s orange- 的词 oranges 续表 改变单数名词 man-men 中的元音字母 foot-feet 不规则变化 单复数形式 fish-fish 相同 sheep-sheep 其他形式 mouse-mice 2.某国人变复数 (I)中国人Chinese-→Chinese (2)英国人Englishman→Englishmen (3)阿拉伯人Arab→Arabs 可用口诀记忆这一点，即中日不变英法变，其余 s加后面。 3.以-o结尾的名词，有些在词尾加-s,它们是“黑 人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿”。如： tomato->tomatoes potato→potatoes Negro-→Negroes hero→heroes 而其他一般在词尾加-s。如： z00→Z00s radio->radios 4.复合名词前面的名词是man或woman,变复数 时，构成复合名词的两个名词全都要变成复数形 式；如果是其他词，变复数时，只需把后面的名词 变成复数形式。如： man teacher->men teachers boy student->boy students 5.可转化为可数名词的物质名词、抽象名词和专有 名词 方法 例词 paper纸一a paper一张报 (1)有些物质名词 纸；一份试卷；一篇论文 在表达特殊意义 wind风一a wind一场风 时，可转化为可数 snow雪一a snow一场雪 名词，前面可用不 定冠词修饰。 drink饮料一a drink一杯 饮料 (2)抽象名词一般 failure失败一a failure失败 为不可数名词，但 的人或事 当抽象名词表示具 success成功一a success成 体事物时，可用作 功的人或事 可数名词且词义发 shock吃惊一a shock令人 生变化，叫抽象名 吃惊的人或事 词具体化。 续表 (3)专有名词一般 视为不可数名词， a Thomas Edison一位叫托 有时也可用作可数 马斯·爱迪生的人 名词，可以由a/an aTom一个叫汤姆的人 修饰或用复数 形式。 二、名词所有格 1.名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。有两种 表示形式：一种是's所有格，另一种是of所有 格。如： Beijing is China's capital./Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。 2.用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系， 这时只在最后一个名词后加-’s。如： This is Mary and her sister's bedroom. 这是玛丽和她姐姐的卧室。 Lily and Lucy's mother is a nurse. 莉莉和露西的妈妈是位护士。 用and连接两个并列名词，表示分别拥有各自的 物品时，两个名词都在词尾加-'s表示所有关 系。如： These are Tom's and Mary's bags. 这些是汤姆和玛丽的包。 Wei Hua's and John's licenses are missing. 魏华和约翰的许可证都丢了。 3.以-s结尾的名词，在s后加-'；不以-s结尾的词在 词尾加-'s。如： Teachers'Day教师节Children'sDay儿童节 4.o「所有格常用来表示无生命的东西。如： the door of the room房间的门 5.双重所有格有两种形式：①of十名词所有格； ②of+名词性物主代词。如： He is a friend of my brother's. 他是我哥哥的一个朋友 Is she a daughter of yours?她是你的一个女儿吗？ 6.表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在名词 后加上-’s代表全称。如： at the doctor's在诊所 三、常见近义名词辨析 后缀 形式 含义 -ation/ -ition/ 与动词结合 行为；状态 -sion/ (t)ion ar/-er/ 动作的发 与动词结合 or 出者 与动词、形 从事 -ist 容词、名词 的人 结合 与动词、名 行为： -ery 词或形容 状态； 词结合 场所 性质； 与名词或形 -ship 状态； 容词结合 地位 与动词或形 -y 状态、过程 容词结合 结果；过 与形容词或 th 程；性质； 动词结合 状态 -al 与动词结合 人：物：行为 与形容词 性质；状 ness 结合 态；特点 与名词或 age 结果；状态 动词结合 -ing 与动词结合 产物；结果 状况；状 与形容词或 -dom 态；地位： 名词结合 领域 四、常见的名词搭配 例词 1.名词与介词搭配 above average超出平均水平 graduation毕业 competition竞争 at a loss不知所措 conclusion结论 at present目前 contribution贡献 beyond compare无与伦比 beyond doubt无疑，确定 beggar乞丐 writer作家 by nature天生 director导演 by mistake错误地 by heart单凭记忆 cyclist骑自行车的人 journalist记者 for example例如 scientist科学家 in ruins破败不堪 in advance提前 discovery发现 bravery勇气 in public公开 fishery渔场 in conclusion总之 on the whole总的来说 hardship艰难 on the contrary相反 friendship友谊 out of order出故障；不整洁 leadership领导地位 scholarship奖学金 out of breath上气不接下气 under repair在修理中 under discussion在讨论中 difficulty困难 inquiry询问 out of danger脱险 out of sight不在视野之内 warmth温暖 on this occasion在这种情况下 truth真相 to one's surprise令某人吃惊的是 growth生长 to some degree在某种程度上 beyond expression无法用言语表达 arrival到达 approval同意 above one's understanding某人理解不了 beyond one's reach够不着；超出某人的能力范围 illness疾病 beyond price无价的，极宝贵的 awareness意识 at full speed全速 silliness愚蠢 at risk冒险 package包裹 beyond belief难以置信 marriage婚姻 by chance/,accident偶然 by no means决不，一点也不 painting绘画（作品） by the hour按小时计算 saying格言 for sale供出售 for an instant一瞬间 freedom自由 in doubt怀疑，不确定 kingdom王国 in all respects在各方面 in detail详细地 12 on purpose故意地 on average平均 out of date过时 out of pity出于同情 out of the question不可能 under consideration在考虑中 under construction在建设中 out of control失控 2.名词与动词搭配 catch sight of瞥见 make use of利用 make a fool of愚弄 pay attention to注意 set foot in进入；访问 take notice of注意到 find fault with挑…的错 keep pace with与…同步 make fun of取笑 put an end to结束… take hold of抓住 take part in参加 学考真题精选 单句语法填空 1.(2026·陕西学业水平合格性考试)She discov- ered that they could make and use (tool),which was once thought to be unique to humans. 2.(2026·陕西学业水平合格性考试)Now,her project is being continued across Africa to pre- vent habitats (lose)and illegal hun- ting. 3.(2026·广东学业水平合格性考试)You can en- joy all the (activity)above for free if you can collect 12 opera-themed stamps online by answering questions about Chinese opera. 4.(2025·广东学业水平考试)Simon was the own er of a cafe in a small town.He wanted to pro- duce a little extra (excite)for his busi- ness. 5.(2024一2025·湖南学业水平考试)Then the footstep)were heard again.Polly was more frightened than a minute before,and she couldn't move at all. 6.(2025·广东学业水平考试)Thirty (customer)took up the challenge. 学考素能提升< I,单句语法填空 1.(2026·1月浙江高考)One of my earliest memo- ries is being held in her arms,counting down the flashing green (number)together. 2.(2026·1月浙江高考)She would dance us left and right around the kitchen,our eyes watching the microwave like it was a space rocket count- down, (excite)and tension building to that final moment:BEEP! 3.(2026·全国高考I卷)The exact dates and (frequent)of daji vary from region to re- gion. 4.(2026·全国高考Ⅱ卷)“Put your (foot)parallel(平行)，and use your dantian to hold up your body,"she says. 5.(2026·山东学业水平考试模拟)In keeping a di- ary in English,you will definitely run up against many (difficulty). 6.(2025·全国-卷)“You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your (guide)’till they lose,”explains Wang Wei,a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. 7.(2025·全国二卷)The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live,thanks to the (absent)of smog and plenty of blue sky (afternoon)with lots of fresh air. 8.(2025·浙江1月卷)As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular. 9.(2025·浙江1月卷)Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright,providing a less expensive (solve)to one-time event dressing. 10.(2025·浙江1月卷)“I really want to make this work for (people)lives today, and I know that doesn't always mean returning a dress on the Monday after a special week- end,”she says. 1l.(2025·湖南学业水平考试模拟)Benjamin Franklin was a famous scientist,writer,print- er, (invent)and politician. 12.(2025·湖南学业水平考试模拟)Though some doubted the (experiment)safety, Franklin's work advanced the study of electrici- ty.His contributions remain influential in sci- ence. 13.(2025·福建学业水平考试模拟)If harmless (action)are the opposite of harmful actions,why are shameless and shameful be- haviors the same? 14.(2025·湖南合格考)More than1,300 species of (bird)and over 400 species of mammals hide in the jungle. 15.(2025·湖南模拟)Luckily,my coach taught me how to relax my (muscle)and fo- cus on peace of mind. Ⅱ，阅读理解 (2025·陕西学业水平考试)I've always liked designing things.I remember drawing clothes and shoes when I was eight,and I made my first skirt aged nine.Then three years ago,I began making shoes,and I now spend my free time doing that. I became interested in making shoes when my cousin told me about an online shoe-making course.I immediately asked my mum to book me on a four-day course in London to see if I liked it, and then I did a ten-day course there in the sum- mer holidays. I love the courses.On the longer one,I made four pairs of shoes!I couldn't believe it.The teachers were excellent.That's what was best about the classes.They made us work really hard but they wanted all their students to have fun,too. I've made about 15 pairs of shoes now.At the moment I'm making a pair of trainers(运动鞋) using an old pair of jeans,but I've used all kinds of different things before,from old leather handbags to old cotton dresses! Making shoes has changed my plans for the future.I know now that I want to be a designer, but not a shoe designer.I've decided I'll do home design.I've designed lots of shoes and also some clothes,so I'd like to try something new. 1.What do we know about the writer from the first two paragraphs? A.She began making shoes three years ago. B.She made her first skirt at the age of eight. C.She booked a four-day course in the summer holidays. D.She told her cousin about an online shoe-mak- ing course. 2.What did the writer like most about the courses? A.The classes were given online. B.She enjoyed staying in London. C.The teachers there were excellent. D.She made about 15 pairs of shoes. 3.What material is the writer using for trainers now? A.Old skirts. B.Old cotton dresses. C.Old jeans. D.Old leather handbags. 4.What would the writer like to be in the future? A.A shoe designer.B.A home designer. C.A course designer.D.A clothes designer.参芳 专题二语法运用 一、冠词 [学考真题精选] 1.a[考查冠词。句意：26岁时，她前往坦桑尼亚的贡贝国 家公园一一个非洲国家，并开始了对黑猩猩的研究。 名词country为泛指概念，表示“一个国家”，用不定冠词 限定，且以辅音音素开头，用a。] 2.the[考查冠词。句意：借助计算机的帮助，像这样的场 景本可以在工作室中制作出来。此处with the help of..·. 在…帮助下，为固定用法。故填the。」 3.the[考查冠词。句意：活动将于本月底在我们的歌剧中 心举行。at the end of..,在…末，为固定用法。故填 the。] 4.a 5.the 6.the [学考素能提升] I.1.the[考查冠词。句意：我记得小时候坐在超市的手 推车里被人推着驶过停车场凹凸不平的地面，那种颠簸 的感觉就像坐过山车一样。此处特指凹凸不平的停车 场地面，应用定冠词the。故填the。 2.the[考查定冠词。由普通名词构成的朝代、王朝专有名 词前，必须搭配定冠词the,the Han Dynasty为固定专 有表达，意为“汉朝”。故填the。] 3.an[考查冠词。句意：总之，用英语写日记是提升英语 写作能力的一种有效方法。way为可数名词，句中泛指 一种有效的方法，应用不定冠词修饰，effective发音以元 音音素开头，应用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。] 4.the[考查冠词。句意：同时，他们坚持认为政府应该发 挥重要的作用，尽他们最大的努力保护环境。at the same time为固定短语，意为“同时”，因此空格处为定冠 词the,故填the。] 5.the[考查冠词。句意：围棋是最早的基于二元的棋类游戏 之一。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。故填the。] 6.a[考查冠词。句意：时尚在经济和环境方面的代价催 生了一种新的穿衣方式，这种方式也开始在澳大利亚流 行起来。可数名词way在句中表示“一种方式”，泛指，且 new发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故 填a。」 7[考查冠词。句意：他发现，通过在雷雨天气放风筝，电 流可以通过湿风筝线到达地面。thunderstorm是可数名 词单数，这里表示“一场雷雨”，应用不定冠词，且thunder storm发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。] 8.the[考查定冠词。句意：由于菊花在节日期间盛开，在 公园里欣赏菊花是一种乐趣。此处用定冠词the特指重 阳节这个节日，故填the。」 9,the[此处考查固定用法for the first time在句中作状 语。意为“第一次”。」] 10.the[考查冠语。此处特指两者中的另一个用定冠词 the。] 11.the[句意：这种鼓励帮助我克服了语言障碍。此处表 特指，用定冠词the。] 12.a[句意：科技班很有趣。我制造了一个钟表拿回了 家。表示一个用a。] 13.the[考查冠词。此处表特指。」 14.the 15.the Ⅱ，「语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了朋 友来时帮忙安装新锁的有趣经历。 1.A[细节理解题。根据第一段“So,when my friends Mary and Tom visited my new home one afternoon and asked if I needed anything,I pointed directly to the box of a new lock sitting on my table.所以，有一天下午，我的朋 友玛丽和汤姆来我家做客，问我需要什么，我直接指着桌 上放着的一个新锁盒。”和第二段“‘Well,since you asked,'I replied,'this new lock needs to be fixed on the door.’‘既然你提到了，’我回答道，‘这扇门上的新锁需 要安装。’”可知，新锁是打算作为给客人的一个小任务。 故选A。」 答案 2.C[细节理解题。根据第二段句子“As he was unpac king the box,he suggested keeping it.'That way,if you change your mind,you can pack everything back in the box and return the lock,'he added.This made me slightly nervous..当他拆开盒子时，他建议把它留着。 ‘这样，如果你改变主意，就可以把所有东西重新装进盒 子里，再把锁还回去，’他补充道。这让我有点紧张。”可 知，汤姆关于保留盒子的建议让作者有点紧张。故选C。] 3.DL词句猜测题。根据第四段句子“Just at that mo ment,Tom said he hit a dead end.He could not remove the last few small metal pieces from the new lock. 那一刻，汤姆说他遇到了困难。他无法将新锁上的最后 几小块金属件取下来。”可知，he hit a dead end意思是 “他被卡住了” 故选D。 4.BL细节理解题。根据最后一段句子“Hearing this, Tom took out his phone and turned to what he called his favorite teacher,the Internet.After searching for a short while,he found a video that showed how,听到这话，汤 姆拿出手机，转向他所谓的最爱的老师 -互联网。搜 索了一会儿，他找到了一段视频，展示了具体的方法。”可 知，汤姆最后通过看网上视频完成了工作。故选B。门 5.C[推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了一个从客 人那里得到帮助的有趣故事。故选C。」 二、名词 [学考真题精选] 1.1 bols考查名词。句意：她发现它们会制造和使用工 具，这一，点曾被认为是人类独有的能力。所填词作use的 宾语，要用名词；括号里的tOol是单数可数名词，意为“工 具”，其前无修饰语，要将其变成复数名词tO0ls,泛指一切 工具。门 2.1oss考查名词。句意：现在，她的项目在整个非洲继续 推进，以防止栖息地丧失和非法捕猎。所填词作宾语，要 用名词：lose的名词是loss,是不可数名词。 3.activities[考查名词。句意：如果你能通过回答有关中 国戏曲的问题，在网上收集到12枚戏曲主题邮票，就可 以免费享受上述所有活动。activity为可数名词，由all可 知，空处用名词复数形式。故填activities。] 4.excitement 5.footsteps 6.customers 学考素能提升 T.1.numbers[考查名词复数。句意：我最早的记忆之- 是被妈妈抱在怀里，一起倒数闪烁的绿色数字。number “数字”是可数名词，此处指多个数字，应用复数形式，作 宾语。 故填numbers。 2.excitement[考查名词。句意：她会带着我们在厨房里 左右跳舞，我们的眼睛盯着微波炉，仿佛那是火箭发射的 倒计时，兴奋和紧张的情绪在最后一刻不断累积：叮！本 空与后面的tension为并列关系，共同作主语，需用excite 的名词形式excitement'“兴奋”。故填excitement。] 3.frequency[考查名词。并列连词and在句中连接两个 并列的名词，因此空格处需填入名词形式；形容词fre quent的名词形式为frequency,在这里指“举办频次、频 率”，在句中与dates共同作句子主语。故填frequency。] 4.fet[考查名词。句意：她说，“把你的双脚并拢，用丹田 支撑身体”。f0ot为可数名词，此处指双脚，用复数形式 feet。J 5.difficulties[考查名词。句意：在用英语写日记的过程 中，你肯定会遇到很多困难。空处需填名词作宾语，difi culty为可数名词，根据空前的many可知，此处应用复数 形式。故填difficulties。] 6.guidance[考查名词。句意：“你试图引导对手进入你的 陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的‘引导’直到他们输掉。”王伟是 此次展览的参观者之一，也是一名围棋选手，他解释道 此处作follow的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可数名 词。故填guidance。」 7.absence afternoons[查名词。句意：我住的地方，晒干 的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的 天很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks to的宾语，应用名词 absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填absence。考查 名词的数。句意同上。afternoon“下午”是可数名词，此处 指不止一个下午，应用复数形式afternoons。故填after noons。」 8.times [考查名词。句意：由于人们现在选择穿更多衣服 的次数更少了，服装租赁服务越来越受欢迎。time表示 “次数”时是可数名词，fewer修饰可数名词复数形式。故 填times. 9.solution[考查名词。句意：坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服 装租赁，而不是让她们直接购买，为一次性活动着装提供 了一个更便宜的解决方案。提示词作宾语，用名词solu tion,意为“解决方案”，有冠词a修饰，用单数形式。故填 solution。 l0.people's[考查名词所有格。句意：“我真的想让这个 (服装租绩服务)适合如今人们的生活，我知道这并不总 是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服，”她说。 提示词修饰名词lives,需用名词所有格people's,作定 语。故填people's。] 11.inventor [考查名词。句意：本杰明·富兰克林是一位 著名的科学家、作家、印刷商、发明家和政治家。此处需 要一个表示“发明家”的名词，与前面的“scientist,writ er,printer'”和下文的“politician”并列，invent是动词，其 名词形式为inventor。故填inventor。 l2.experiment's[考查名词的所有格。，句意：虽然有人怀 疑实验的安全性，但富兰克林的工作推动了电学的研 究。他的贡献在科学界仍有影响力。表示“实验的”安全 性，用名词所有格，experiment的所有格是experiment's。故 填experiment's。] 13.actions [考查名词复数。句意：如果无害的行为是有害 行为的对立面，为什么无耻的行为和可耻的行为是一样 的呢？根据空后的are可知，主语应用复数形式，action 是可数名词，应用复数形式。故填actions。] 14.birds 15.muscles Ⅱ.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作 者对设计的热爱以及从制作衣物到制作鞋子，并最终确定 未来职业方向的经历。 l.A[细节理解题。根据第一段“Then three years ago,I began making shoes,and I now spend my free time doing that,(三年前，我开始制作鞋子，现在我把业余时间都用 来做这个。)”可知，从前两段我们可以知道作者三年前开 始做鞋。】 2.C[细节理解题。根据第三段“The teachers were excel lent.That's what was best about the classes.(老师们都 很优秀。这就是课程最好的地方。)”可知，作者最喜欢这 些课程的一点是那里的老师很优秀。] 3.C[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“At the moment I'm making a pair of trainers(运动鞋)using an old pair of jeans,but I've used all kinds of different things before, from old leather handbags to old cotton dresses！(目前找 正在用一条旧牛仔裤做一双运动鞋，但我以前用过各种 不同的东西，从旧皮革手袋到旧棉质连衣裙！)”可知，作 者现在用旧牛仔裤做运动鞋。 4.B[细节理解题。根据最后一段“I've decided I'lldo home design,(我决定做家居设计。)”可知，作者将来想成 为家居设计师。」 三、形容词和副词 [学考真题精选] 1.unusual[考查形容词。句意：在那时，女性住在森林里 是不寻常的，但简从未想过放弃。所填词在was后作表 语，要用形容词：此处表达“不寻常的”含义，要将usual变 成反义词unusual。 2.extremely[考查副词。句意：简所做的一切对于黑猩猩 的生存极其重要，这不断激励人们去了解并保护野生动 物。所填词作状语修饰形容词important,要将形容词ex treme变成副词extremely。」 3.interesting 「考查形容词。句意：除了武术，这部有趣的 电影还巧妙地运用了中国美丽的山川、森林和沙漠。此 处作定语修饰名词film,指物，用interesting。」 4.carefully L考查副词。句意：事实上，它是在全国各地的 不同地点精心制作而成的。空处用副词修饰动词，填 carefully。 5.quickly 6.frightened 7.powerful 8.immediately;so- cial [学考素能提升] I.1.enjoyable 2.never 3.lucky 4.popular 5.better 6.somehow 7.shocking 8.much II.1.seemingly 2.cheaper 3.entirely 4.descriptive 5.less 6.properly 7.strategic/strategical digitally 8.central 9.dangerous 10.really 11.typically 12.lar- gest 13.terribly 14.important 15.especially Ⅲ.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。 主要讲的是每年全 球存在大量的食物浪费现象，食物浪费不仅对人类不利，还 对环境有害，包括造成全球变暖、污染水体以及浪费自然资 源等，因此减少食物浪费对我们所有人都很重要。 1.B[细节理解题。根据第一段“We waste1.3 billion tons of food every year..(我们每年浪费l3亿吨食物。)” 可知，每年有13亿吨食物被浪费。」 2.A[细节理解题。根据第二段“There are also chemicals that come out of the food and go into the soil.When it rains,the chemicals then go into our rivers and lakes.As a result,food waste seriously harms our bodies of water. (还有一些化学物质从食物中出来进入土壤。下雨时，这 些化学物质就会进入我们的河流和湖泊。因此，食物浪 费严重损害了我们的水体。)”可知，当这些化学物质进入 河流和湖泊，水体会受到严重损害。门 3.D[细节理解题。根据第三段“If we waste this food,we waste our planet's natural resources..(知果我们浪费这 些食物，我们就浪费了地球的自然资源。)”可知，浪费食 物就是浪费自然资源。」 4.C[推理判断题。根据最后一段“For these reasons,itis important for us all to reduce our food waste.(由于这些 原因，减少食物浪费对我们所有人都很重要。)”可知，作 者在下一段可能会谈论减少食物浪费的方法。] 四、代词 「学考真题精选 1.themselves [考查代词。句意：她发现黑猩猩有独特的 方式表达它们自己。所填词作express的宾语，与主语 chimps是对应关系，即“猩猩表达自己”，要将they变成 反身代词themselves。」 2.yOur[考查代词。句意：对于经常被问到的“你最喜欢的 电影是什么？”这个问题，我的回答是《卧虎藏龙》。空出 作定语，修饰名词，用形容词性物主代词，故填your。] 3.our 考查代词。句意：你可以向杨老师学习中国传统戏 曲，她是我们的戏曲老师。空出作定语，修饰名词，用形 容词性物主代词，故填our。」 4.her 5.us 6.his 学考素能提升] I.1.it[it作形式主语，代替后面的不定式。] 2.yours[此处yours相当于your eraser。] 3.Both 4.one 5.None 6.Nothing II.1.us 2.myself 3.its 4.Both 5.myself 6.their 7.herself 8.myself Il.1.help others 2.Each member of 3.at any time 4.Nothing special 5.every word N,[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是美国 各地的音乐节 l.C「细节理解题。根据Electric Daisy Carnival Las Ve gas,Nevada部分“This festival is one of the world'slar gest electronic dance music(EDM)festivals.(这个音乐 节是世界上最大的电子舞曲(EDM)音乐节之一。)”可知， Electric Daisy Carnival会吸引电子舞曲爱好者。故选 C。] 2.C[细节理解题。根据Pickathon|Happy Valley,Ore gon部分“The festival is recognized for its theme on an eco-friendly environment with a commitment to reducing its environmental impact.(该节日以环保为主题，致力于 减少对环境的影响。)”和When We Were Young Las Vegas,Nevada部分“This festival,celebrating the old- time sounds of the early 2000s,brings together some of the biggest names from the pop-punk scenes,featuring legendary bands and artists from the2000s.(这个节日， 庆祝21世纪初的旧时代声音，汇集了流行朋克场景中的 一些最知名的人物，展示了21世纪的传奇乐队和艺术 家。)”可知，这两个节日都有一个中心主题。故选C。]