精品解析：天津市河西区第四十一中学2026-2027学年高二年级上学期9月开学考试英语校考试题

天津四十一中学高二第一学期阶段练习 英语试卷 分值：100分 时长：60分钟 第一节：单项填空（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分） 从A、B、C、D、四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. — Our school is organizing a volunteer activity to help the old people in the community next weekend. Do you want to join us? ——________ . Let’s make a plan about what we can do for them first. A. No way B. It’s nothing C. Sounds great D. I don’t think so 2. ________ you fully understand the instructions of the experiment, your life won’t be secured. A. When B. If C. Once D. Unless 3. Thanks to my science teacher’s creative teaching ________, we now have a better idea of the project. A. souvenirs B. majorities C. strategies D. envelopes 4. We may come across occasions ______ we want to search for some information but it isn’t available online. A. that B. which C. when D. what 5. An ancient temple ________ back to the Northern Qi Dynasty was destroyed in flames last month, ________ concerns about the effective protection of cultural remains. A. dated; causing B. dated; caused C. dating; causing D. dating; caused 6. ________ the whole family get together during the Spring Festival is deeply rooted in Chinese culture. A. That B. What C. When D. Which 7. Peter has never and everyone of us has to make more efforts to make up for his laziness. A. loose lips sink ships B. let off steam C. pull his weight D. rise to his feet 8. —I watered all the flowers in the garden this morning. —Oh, you ________. It’s going to rain this afternoon. A. needn’t water B. mustn’t have watered C. couldn’t have watered D. needn’t have watered 9. —Do you have any plans for this weekend? I wonder if we can go hiking together. —Sorry, I can’t. I ________ my little cousin at the airport at that time. A. would meet B. will be meeting C. am meeting D. have met 10. by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. A. Attract B. Attracted C. Attracting D. Being attracted 11. I promise to ________ my neighbour by watering her garden while she was on vacation. A. let down B. help out C. turn down D. die down 12. The analysis shows that plastics, particularly those that __________ fast, are contributing to the climate change. A. break off B. break down C. break up D. break out 13. The result of this study proved the________ assumption made by the scientist months ago was true. A. practical B. precious C. potential D. previous 14. The dictionary as well as the grammar books that ________ bookmarks in them ________ Jane. A. has; belong to B. have; belongs to C. have; is belonged to D. has; are belonged to 15. —What about going to see the latest Chinese blockbuster Nezha 2? —______. If time permits, I may go to see my grandma with my mother. A. Don’t mention it B. It depends C. I can’t agree more D. It doesn’t matter 16. — I heard that Tom failed his driving test again. He must be very upset. — Yeah. But instead of feeling down, he decided to ________ and start preparing for the next test immediately. A. think out of the box B. let off steam C. pull up his socks D. throw in the towel 17. My little cousin was so focused on playing video games that I had to _________ him away from the computer — his parents asked him to finish homework first. A. tear B. make C. set D. pull 18. ________ with the traditional design, the new version saves 30% more energy, ________ it popular among eco-conscious consumers. A. Comparing; making B. Compared; making C. Compared; to make D. Comparing; to make 19. The idea of a flexible work schedule ________ strongly to working parents who need to balance career and family. A. adapts B. appeals C. adjusts D. attends 20. ________ with excitement, the children ran toward the amusement park as soon as the gates were opened. A. Filling B. Filled C. To fill D. Having filled 第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入括号内的最佳选项并在答题卡上将其涂黑。 When my family moved to Ohio over the summer, I feared attending another new school and knowing no one because I was able to expect what was coming. I had bright red hair and enormous glasses. In addition, I was ____21____ and not very sociable. Boarding the school bus that first day, I felt like all eyes on me. I could hear the ____22____ “She’s huge!” Obviously, the kids on the bus had known each other well. I spent that first bus ____23____ in silence. The following day was even ____24____ I did not notice that a few boys had tied a shoelace across the aisle (走道) and thus fell face first on the bus, ____25____ everything I was carrying. ____26____ I was embarrassingly gathering my supplies, I could hear the laughter, and then the ____27____ “That felt like an earthquake!” Anyway, I ____28____ to find a seat. Looking out of the window, I ____29____ the tears welling up in my eyes. It was then that I sank into myself. I began walking everywhere. I would wander through the woods behind our house. I would also walk to a ____30____ about two miles down the road, where I would chat silently with God. I began ____31____ the afternoon school bus ____32____, walking home instead. Then, ____33____, I started losing weight. And as I became ____34____ with myself, I began making friends. One of my newly-found friends also ____35____ with her weight, wanting to be a “perfect” cheerleader. She lived near my neighborhood so we would meet and ____36____ together. This became a daily routine with talking and laughing ____37____ the way — different from the lonely walks I had taken. My friend said that I didn’t have to be ____38____ I just had to be me, and be happy with myself. While I would not want to relive that time of loneliness, sadness and embarrassment, I am ____39____ I made it through. Whenever I am struggling with any other problem in life, I always remember the proverb “This too shall pass.” If you can find a path with no obstacles or challenges, it probably doesn’t ____40____ anywhere. 21. A. outgoing B. intelligent C. overweight D. friendly 22. A. shouts B. whispers C. screams D. laughs 23. A. ride B. lift C. drive D. travel 24. A. duller B. longer C. funnier D. worse 25. A. missing B. losing C. dropping D. leaving 26. A. While B. Though C. Since D. Because 27. A. arguments B. comments C. statements D. discussions 28. A. determined B. attempted C. managed D. pretended 29. A. kept away B. took back C. put away D. held back 30. A. garden B. church C. market D. library 31. A. escaping B. stopping C. delaying D. missing 32. A. on purpose B. by chance C. in reality D. at ease 33. A. uninterestedly B. uncertainly C. unexpectedly D. unfortunately 34. A. concerned B. content C. angry D. disappointed 35. A. struggled B. competed C. dealt D. lived 36. A. run B. study C. walk D. play 37. A. along B. across C. by D. in 38. A. thin B. perfect C. sociable D. pessimistic 39. A. excited B. upset C. regretful D. proud 40. A. lead B. stretch C. exist D. stay 三、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） A Nicola Tesla was born on 10th July 1856 in Croatia. From a very young age, Tesla was interested in electricity. In 1881 Tesla moved to Budapest and got a job. It was there that Tesla first thought of the idea of the alternating current (交流电) (AC). In 1884, Tesla moved to America and worked for Thomas Edison. But Tesla worked for Edison for less than a year. Tesla was sure his AC motor was the best way to capture and transport the power of electricity. However, Edison thought his way of using direct current (DC) was better and considered AC unsafe. But soon the scientific community accepted AC was more powerful than DC and it was proved safe. In 1895, Tesla designed the first water power plant using the energy of the Niagara Falls. And he did it using the AC motor. After the success of AC, Tesla became well known. He travelled and spoke to many scientists about his inventions and ideas. He built a large laboratory. However, it burned down not long after it was built. As Tesla got older, he continued to come up with new ideas and theories. But he was less successful and famous. Many people didn’t recognize that particular inventions were really Tesla’s ideas. Tesla gave speeches about creating electrical power from the earth’s atmosphere. He also talked about ways that wireless electricity and communication could power things all over the world. But to the people of his time, these ideas sounded crazy. However, some of his ideas have now been supported by modern research and technology. Tesla’s last years were lonely and sad. He received many awards, but received very little money. When he died in 1943, he was no longer famous and felt forgotten. Today, not many people know the name of Nicola Tesla but his inventions and ideas affect our lives every day! 41. Why did Tesla stop working for Edison? A. Tesla was badly paid there. B. They had some disagreements. C. They had very different characters. D. Tesla wanted to move back to Europe. 42. Which of the following is the correct order about Tesla’s life experiences? a．Tesla’s lab burned down. b．Tesla worked for Edison. c．Tesla built a water power plant. d．Tesla moved to Budapest. A. d-b-c-a. B. d-b-a-c. C. b-d-c-a. D. b-c-d-a. 43. In his later years, Tesla ______. A. lived a colorful life B. was misunderstood and doubted C. was unable to think out new ideas D. earned a lot as an award-winning inventor 44. What can we learn from the text? A. Tesla became famous as an assistant to Edison. B. Tesla was way ahead of modern technology. C. Tesla had great interest in travelling. D. Tesla was not good at speeches. 45. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Nicola Tesla, a challenger for difficulties B. Nicola Tesla, a dreamer in science C. Nicola Tesla, a forgotten inventor D. Nicola Tesla, a strange scientist B Mom was right! If you say thank you, for even the smallest gift or slightest show of kindness, you’ll feel happy. Gratitude (感激), says Robert A. Emmons, a professor of psychology at the University of California, is an important element of happiness. In his recent book, Thanks!, Emmons uses the first major study on gratitude to prove mom’s point. In acknowledging and developing this much-ignored expression of thankfulness, he explains how people have benefited — even improved their health. As one of the leading scholars of the positive psychology movement, he admits gratitude may be difficult to express. He advises you to begin by admitting that life is good and full of events and elements that make daily existence a wonder. Second, recognize that the source of life’s goodness is more than just you. That source may be your mom, a friend, partner, child, colleague at work or play, or any combination of these. Gratitude is always other-directed, notes Emmons. You can be pleased or angry with yourself and feel guilty about doing something wrong, but you can never be grateful to or for yourself. Expressing gratitude shouldn’t be a reaction; it should be state of mind. To feel grateful when life is a breeze and you have more than you need is easy. To feel grateful in time of crisis — anger, hatred and bitterness — is easier. Also, too many people are aware of life’s blessings only after these are lost. The voices expressing gratitude from his studies of individuals are many. It’s crisis and chaos — danger, disease, disability and death — that bring many individuals to realize just how dependent they are on others. Yet it’s the way each of us begins life and ends it. It’s too bad that so many people waste those decades in between laboring under the illusion (幻觉) that they are self-sufficient (自给自足的), says Emmons. To enable and embrace gratitude, Emmons encourages the readers of Thanks! to keep a gratitude diary. He even provides easy-to-follow directions on how to practice and develop gratitude. I’m not a reader or advocate of self-help books, but I am thankful for the reference I found in a newspaper article to the research Emmons was conducting on gratitude involving organ donors and recipients (接受者). The chance discovery led me to this book. Mom implied that kindness seems to find its way back to the giver because life really is all about giving, receiving and repaying. So, I’ll pay attention to her professional advice and say: Thank you, Professor Emmons. 46. What does the text mainly discuss? A. There are many ways of being thankful. B. Gratitude is important to happiness. C. Mom is great for her being thankful. D. Being thankful will keep you fit. 47. The author mentions Robert Emmons’ book Thanks! in order to prove that ______. A. Professor Emmons supports mom’s study on psychology. B. mom is as great a psychologist as Professor Emmons C. Professor Emmons is a famous psychologist D. mom is right about her viewpoint on gratitude 48. It will be easier for you to feel grateful when ______. A. you live a comfortable life B. you receive gifts on your birthday C. you get help during your hard times D. you are congratulated on your success 49. What is the opinion of Professor Emmons? A. It is enough to thank others orally. B. Whether you are thankful is always up to you. C. Remember to be thankful anytime and anywhere D. It is easier to be thankful for yourself than for others 50. According to Emmons, people can express gratitude by _______. A. keeping a gratitude diary B. reading self-help books C. feeling self-sufficient D. remaining dependent on others C Technology is never a neutral tool for achieving human ends. Technological innovations reshape people as they use these innovations to control their environment. Artificial intelligence, for example, is altering humanity. While the term AI brings to mind anxieties about killer robots or disastrous levels of unemployment, there are other, deeper consequences. As AI increasingly shapes the human experience, how does this change what it means to be human? Central to the problem is a person’s capacity to make choices, particularly judgments that have moral consequences. Aristotle argued that the capacity for making practical judgments depends on regularly making them — on habit and practice. We see the emergence of machines as substitute judges in a variety of everyday contexts as a potential threat to people learning how to effectively exercise judgment themselves. In the workplace, managers routinely make decisions about who to hire or fire and which loan to approve, to name a few. These are areas where algorithmic (算法的) principle is replacing human judgment, and so people who might have had the chance to develop practical judgment in these areas no longer will. Recommendation engines, which are increasingly popular media in people’s consumption of culture, may serve to restrict choice and minimize luck. By presenting consumers with algorithmically selected choices of what to watch, read, stream and visit next, companies are replacing human taste with machine taste. As machine learning algorithms improve and as they train on greater data sets, larger parts of everyday life are likely to become completely predictable. The predictions are going to get better and better, and they will ultimately make common experiences more efficient and pleasant. But to the extent that unpredictability is part of how people understand themselves and part of what people like about themselves, humanity is in the process of losing something significant. As they become more and more predictable, the creatures living in the increasingly AI-mediated world will become less and less like us. 51. What do we learn about the deeper consequences of AI? A. It is causing disastrous levels of unemployment. B. It is doing physical harm to human operators. C. It is altering moral judgments. D. It is reshaping humanity. 52. What is the result of algorithmic principle replacing human judgment? A. People lose the chance to develop the ability to make practical judgments. B. People are prevented from participating in making major decisions in the workplace. C. Managers no longer have the chance to decide which loan to approve. D. Managers do not need to take the trouble to determine who to hire or fire. 53. What may result from increasing application of recommendation engines in our consumption of culture? A. Consumers will have much limited choice. B. Consumers will actually enjoy better luck. C. It will be easier to decide on what to enjoy. D. Humans will develop tastes similar to machines’. 54. What is likely to happen to larger parts of our daily life as machine learning algorithms improve? A. They will turn out to be more pleasant. B. They will repeat our past experiences. C. They can be completely foreseen. D. They may become better and better. 55. Why does the author say the creatures living in the more and more AI-mediated world will become increasingly unlike us? A. They will have lost the most significant element of being intelligent. B. They will no longer possess the human characteristic of being unpredictable. C. They will not be able to understand themselves as we can do today. D. They will be taken away what their ancestors were proud of about themselves. 四、单词默写 汉译英 56. 应得，应受到__________ 57. 心情__________ 58. 言论，意见，评论__________ 59. 难处理的，难懂的__________ 60. 检查（身体）__________ 61. 一贯地，一致地_________ 62. 极其重要的，必不可少的___________ 63. 使钦佩，使留下深刻印象___________ 64. 热情，热忱___________ 65. 做出……结论，推断出___________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 天津四十一中学高二第一学期阶段练习 英语试卷 分值：100分 时长：60分钟 第一节：单项填空（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分） 从A、B、C、D、四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. — Our school is organizing a volunteer activity to help the old people in the community next weekend. Do you want to join us? ——________ . Let’s make a plan about what we can do for them first. A. No way B. It’s nothing C. Sounds great D. I don’t think so 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际用语辨析。句意：——我们学校下周末要组织一场帮助社区里老人的志愿活动。你想加入我们吗？——听起来不错。咱们先制定一个关于能为他们做些什么的计划吧。A. No way没门；B. It’s nothing没什么；C. Sounds great听起来不错；D. I don’t think so我不这么认为。回应者后面说要一起制定计划，说明是愿意加入志愿活动的，Sounds great符合这种积极回应的语境。故选C项。 2. ________ you fully understand the instructions of the experiment, your life won’t be secured. A. When B. If C. Once D. Unless 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：除非你完全理解实验的指导，否则你的生命将无法得到保障。A. When当……时候；B. If如果；C. Once一旦；D. Unless除非。根据句意可知，此处表达的是“除非”的意思，应用连词unless引导条件状语从句，相当于if not。故选D项。 3. Thanks to my science teacher’s creative teaching ________, we now have a better idea of the project. A. souvenirs B. majorities C. strategies D. envelopes 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：多亏了我的科学老师富有创意的教学方法，我们现在对这个项目有了更清晰的认识。A. souvenirs纪念品；B. majorities大多数；C. strategies策略，方法；D. envelopes信封。根据上文“Thanks to my science teacher’s creative teaching”指富有创意教学方法，故选C。 4. We may come across occasions ______ we want to search for some information but it isn’t available online. A. that B. which C. when D. what 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。 句意：我们可能会遇到某些场合，在这些场合中我们想搜索一些信息，但这些信息在网上无法找到。此处引导定语从句，先行词为occasions，在定语从句中做时间状语，关系副词为when。故选C项。 5. An ancient temple ________ back to the Northern Qi Dynasty was destroyed in flames last month, ________ concerns about the effective protection of cultural remains. A. dated; causing B. dated; caused C. dating; causing D. dating; caused 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：一座追溯至北齐时期的古寺上月毁于大火，引发了人们对文物有效保护的担忧。本句谓语为was destroyed，两空均为非谓语动词，date back to“追溯至”为固定短语，无被动语态，temple与date back to为主动关系，第一空用现在分词dating，作后置定语。第二空表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词causing，作结果状语。 6. ________ the whole family get together during the Spring Festival is deeply rooted in Chinese culture. A. That B. What C. When D. Which 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：全家人春节团聚深深植根于中国文化之中。分析句子结构可知，“________ the whole family get together during the Spring Festival”为主语从句，且句子成分完整，句意通顺，所以应用连接代词that来引导，that只起连接作用，无实义，在从句中也不作任何句子成分。B. what所……，……的事情； C. when何时，……的时候；D. which哪一个，它们在引导名词性从句时，在句中均有实际意义，且在句子中需充当成分，不符合语境语法。故选A项。 7. Peter has never and everyone of us has to make more efforts to make up for his laziness. A. loose lips sink ships B. let off steam C. pull his weight D. rise to his feet 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：彼得从来没有尽过自己的责任，我们每个人都不得不付出更多的努力来弥补他的懒惰。A. loose lips sink ships言多必失，祸从口出；B. let off steam发泄怒火，宣泄情感；C. pull his weight尽到自己的责任，尽自己的本分；D. rise to his feet站起来。根据“everyone of us has to make more efforts to make up for his laziness”可知，此处指彼得从来没有“尽到自己的责任”，故用pull his weight。故选C。 8. —I watered all the flowers in the garden this morning. —Oh, you ________. It’s going to rain this afternoon. A. needn’t water B. mustn’t have watered C. couldn’t have watered D. needn’t have watered 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——我早上浇了花园里所有的花。——哦，你本不必浇的。今天下午要下雨。A. needn’t water不需要浇水（表现在）；B. mustn’t have watered(无此用法)；C. couldn’t have watered不可能浇过；D. needn’t have watered本不必做某事（但实际上已经做了）。根据上文“I watered all the flowers in the garden this morning”以及下文“It’s going to rain this afternoon”可知，下午要下雨，本不必给花浇水的。故选D项。 9. —Do you have any plans for this weekend? I wonder if we can go hiking together. —Sorry, I can’t. I ________ my little cousin at the airport at that time. A. would meet B. will be meeting C. am meeting D. have met 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——这个周末你有什么计划吗？我想问问我们能不能一起去徒步旅行。——抱歉，我不能去了。那个时候我要去机场接我的小表弟。上句询问这周末的计划（将来的时间）。下句回 “对不起，我不行”，说明周末有别的安排。时间状语是“at that time”（在那个时候），指的是周末去远足的那个具体时间点。表示在将来某个具体时间点正在进行的动作，需要用将来进行时。将来进行时的结构是：will be + 动词- ing。故选B项。 10. by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. A. Attract B. Attracted C. Attracting D. Being attracted 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被大自然的美景所吸引，这位来自伦敦的女孩决定在农场再待两天。本句已有谓语动词decided，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作状语；由空后“by the beauty of nature”可知，空处动词attract与其逻辑主语the girl之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词attracted作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故选B。 11. I promise to ________ my neighbour by watering her garden while she was on vacation. A. let down B. help out C. turn down D. die down 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我答应在邻居度假时帮她给花园浇水。A. let down使失望；B. help out帮助；C. turn down拒绝；D. die down逐渐消失，减弱。根据句意可知，邻居度假时，我答应帮她给花园浇水，“help out”意为“帮助”，符合语境。故选B项。 12. The analysis shows that plastics, particularly those that __________ fast, are contributing to the climate change. A. break off B. break down C. break up D. break out 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：分析表明，塑料，尤其是那些分解很快的塑料，正在对于气候变化创作出贡献。A. break off突然停止；B. break down分解；C. break up打碎；D. break out爆发。根据“are contributing to the climate change.”可知这里意思是塑料，尤其是那些分解很快的塑料，正在对于气候变化创作出贡献。故选B。 13. The result of this study proved the________ assumption made by the scientist months ago was true. A. practical B. precious C. potential D. previous 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这项研究的结果证明了科学家几个月前的假设是正确的。A. practical实际的；B. precious宝贵的；C. potential可能的；D. previous以前的。根据后文“assumption made by the scientist months ago was true”可知，此处指之前提出的假设。故选D。 14. The dictionary as well as the grammar books that ________ bookmarks in them ________ Jane. A. has; belong to B. have; belongs to C. have; is belonged to D. has; are belonged to 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查主谓一致及语态。句意：字典和有书签的语法书是属于Jane的。第一空处是由that引导的定语从句，其先行词为为books，故谓语动词要用复数形式。第二空处应为整个句子的谓语，其单复数形式应与as well as前面的主语保持一致，又因belong to无被动结构，且句子为一般现在时。故选B。 15. —What about going to see the latest Chinese blockbuster Nezha 2? —______. If time permits, I may go to see my grandma with my mother. A. Don’t mention it B. It depends C. I can’t agree more D. It doesn’t matter 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：—— 去看最新的中国大片《哪吒 2》怎么样？—— 视情况而定。如果时间允许，我可能会和妈妈去看望奶奶。A. Don’t mention it不客气；B. It depends视情况而定；C. I can’t agree more完全同意；D. It doesn’t matter没关系。根据下文的“If time permits, I may go to see my grandma with my mother.” 可知，回答者态度不确定，所以此处使用It depends符合语境。故选B项。 16. — I heard that Tom failed his driving test again. He must be very upset. — Yeah. But instead of feeling down, he decided to ________ and start preparing for the next test immediately. A. think out of the box B. let off steam C. pull up his socks D. throw in the towel 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——我听说汤姆驾照考试又没通过，他肯定很难过。——是啊。但他没有情绪低落，而是决定振作起来，立刻开始准备下一次考试。A. think out of the box打破常规，跳出思维定式；B. let off steam发泄情绪，宣泄怒火；C. pull up his socks振作精神，鼓起干劲；D. throw in the towel认输，放弃。根据“instead of feeling down”以及“start preparing for the next test immediately”可知，此处表示汤姆调整状态振作起来。故选C。 17. My little cousin was so focused on playing video games that I had to _________ him away from the computer — his parents asked him to finish homework first. A. tear B. make C. set D. pull 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：我的小表弟太专注于玩电子游戏了，我不得不把他从电脑前拉开——他的父母让他先完成作业。A. tear撕开，拉扯；B. make使，让；C. set放置，设定；D. pull拉，拖。根据前文“so focused on playing video games”可知，需要用力将他从电脑前拉开，tear away from和pull away from均有“从……拉开、使脱离”的含义，但tear away更强调“强行拉开、挣脱”，贴合“因专注而难以分开”的语境。故选A。 18. ________ with the traditional design, the new version saves 30% more energy, ________ it popular among eco-conscious consumers. A. Comparing; making B. Compared; making C. Compared; to make D. Comparing; to make 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与传统设计相比，新版本节省了30%的能源，这使得它在有环保意识的消费者中很受欢迎。第一空应为非谓语动词作状语，compare与逻辑主语the new version之间为被动关系，应用过去分词compared；第二空应为结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词making。故填B。 19. The idea of a flexible work schedule ________ strongly to working parents who need to balance career and family. A. adapts B. appeals C. adjusts D. attends 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：弹性工作时间的理念对那些需要平衡事业和家庭的职场父母具有很强的吸引力。A. adapts适应；B. appeals吸引；C. adjusts调整；D. attends出席、照料。根据“who need to balance career and family”可知，弹性工作时间能满足职场父母的需求，对他们有吸引力，appeal to为固定搭配，意为“对……有吸引力”。故选 B。 20. ________ with excitement, the children ran toward the amusement park as soon as the gates were opened. A. Filling B. Filled C. To fill D. Having filled 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：孩子们满心激动，一看到大门开启便冲向了游乐园。固定短语be filled with表示“充满”，省略be动词，使用过去分词，作状语。故选B。 第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入括号内的最佳选项并在答题卡上将其涂黑。 When my family moved to Ohio over the summer, I feared attending another new school and knowing no one because I was able to expect what was coming. I had bright red hair and enormous glasses. In addition, I was ____21____ and not very sociable. Boarding the school bus that first day, I felt like all eyes on me. I could hear the ____22____ “She’s huge!” Obviously, the kids on the bus had known each other well. I spent that first bus ____23____ in silence. The following day was even ____24____ I did not notice that a few boys had tied a shoelace across the aisle (走道) and thus fell face first on the bus, ____25____ everything I was carrying. ____26____ I was embarrassingly gathering my supplies, I could hear the laughter, and then the ____27____ “That felt like an earthquake!” Anyway, I ____28____ to find a seat. Looking out of the window, I ____29____ the tears welling up in my eyes. It was then that I sank into myself. I began walking everywhere. I would wander through the woods behind our house. I would also walk to a ____30____ about two miles down the road, where I would chat silently with God. I began ____31____ the afternoon school bus ____32____, walking home instead. Then, ____33____, I started losing weight. And as I became ____34____ with myself, I began making friends. One of my newly-found friends also ____35____ with her weight, wanting to be a “perfect” cheerleader. She lived near my neighborhood so we would meet and ____36____ together. This became a daily routine with talking and laughing ____37____ the way — different from the lonely walks I had taken. My friend said that I didn’t have to be ____38____ I just had to be me, and be happy with myself. While I would not want to relive that time of loneliness, sadness and embarrassment, I am ____39____ I made it through. Whenever I am struggling with any other problem in life, I always remember the proverb “This too shall pass.” If you can find a path with no obstacles or challenges, it probably doesn’t ____40____ anywhere. 21. A. outgoing B. intelligent C. overweight D. friendly 22. A. shouts B. whispers C. screams D. laughs 23. A. ride B. lift C. drive D. travel 24. A. duller B. longer C. funnier D. worse 25. A. missing B. losing C. dropping D. leaving 26. A. While B. Though C. Since D. Because 27. A. arguments B. comments C. statements D. discussions 28. A. determined B. attempted C. managed D. pretended 29. A. kept away B. took back C. put away D. held back 30. A. garden B. church C. market D. library 31. A. escaping B. stopping C. delaying D. missing 32. A. on purpose B. by chance C. in reality D. at ease 33. A. uninterestedly B. uncertainly C. unexpectedly D. unfortunately 34. A. concerned B. content C. angry D. disappointed 35. A. struggled B. competed C. dealt D. lived 36. A. run B. study C. walk D. play 37. A. along B. across C. by D. in 38. A. thin B. perfect C. sociable D. pessimistic 39. A. excited B. upset C. regretful D. proud 40. A. lead B. stretch C. exist D. stay 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. A 36. C 37. A 38. B 39. D 40. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者转学后因外形自卑而遭遇窘境，后通过散步蜕变，收获友谊并接纳自我的故事。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，我体重超标，还不太善于交际。A. outgoing外向的；B. intelligent聪明的；C. overweight超重的；D. friendly友好的。根据前文“I feared attending another new school and knowing no one because I was able to expect what was coming. I had bright red hair and enormous glasses.”可知，作者害怕去新学校上学，并列举了自己的缺点——有一头鲜红的头发并且戴着一副大大的眼镜，结合“in addition”以及后文“I started losing weight”可知，作者当时是“体重超标”的状态。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我能听到有人小声说“她好胖啊！”。A. shouts大喊声；B. whispers低语声；C. screams尖叫声；D. laughs笑声。根据前文“Boarding the school bus that first day, I felt like all eyes on me.”可知，作者感到自卑，结合后文的““She’s huge!””可知，同学们是私下议论她的外形，由此可知，此处是“低语声”符合语境。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在第一次乘校车的路上全程沉默。A. ride乘车；B. lift搭车；C. drive驾驶；D. travel旅行。根据前文“Boarding the school bus that first day”可知，此处指第一次乘坐校车。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第二天的情况更糟了。A. duller更无趣的；B. longer更长的；C. funnier更有趣的；D. worse更糟的。根据后文“I did not notice that a few boys had tied a shoelace across the aisle (走道) and thus fell face first on the bus”可知，作者被鞋带绊倒摔在地上，由此可知，第二天的经历比第一天还要“糟糕”。故选D项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有注意到几个男孩在过道上系了一根鞋带，结果脸朝下摔在了车上，手里拿的东西散落一地。A. missing丢失；B. losing失去；C. dropping掉落；D. leaving留下。根据前文“I did not notice that a few boys had tied a shoelace across the aisle (走道) and thus fell face first on the bus”可知，作者摔倒在地，所以，手里的物品会“掉落”出来。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：当我正尴尬地收拾散落的学习用品时，我能听到周围的嘲笑声，接着还有人评论“感觉像地震了！”。A. While当……时；B. Though尽管；C. Since自从；D. Because因为。根据后文“I could hear the laughter”可知，这是作者在收拾东西的同时发生的动作，用“While”引导时间状语从句。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我正尴尬地收拾散落的学习用品时，我能听到周围的嘲笑声，接着还有人评论“感觉像地震了！”。A. arguments争论；B. comments评论；C. statements陈述；D. discussions讨论。根据后文“That felt like an earthquake!”可知，这是同学们对作者摔倒这件事的“评论”。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管怎样，我还是设法找到了一个座位。A. determined决定；B. attempted尝试；C. managed设法做成；D. pretended假装。根据前文作者遭遇窘境，以及后文“Looking out of the window”可知，作者最终“设法”找到了座位坐下。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我望着窗外，强忍着不让眼泪涌出来。A. kept away远离；B. took back收回；C. put away收起；D. held back抑制。根据前文“ ____6____ I was embarrassingly gathering my supplies, I could hear the laughter, and then the ____7____ “That felt like an earthquake!””可知，作者遭遇了很多尴尬和别人的嘲笑，结合后文的“the tears welling up in my eyes”可知，作者是在“抑制”即将流出的眼泪。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我也会步行到路边大约两英里外的一座教堂，在那里我会默默地向上帝倾诉。A. garden花园；B. church教堂；C. market市场；D. library图书馆。根据后文“where I would chat silently with God”可知，能向上帝倾诉的地方是“教堂”。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始故意错过下午的校车，选择了步行回家。A. escaping逃跑；B. stopping停止；C. delaying延迟；D. missing错过。根据后文“walking home instead”可知，作者是“错过”了校车。故选D项。 【32题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：我开始故意错过下午的校车，而是步行回家。A. on purpose故意地；B. by chance偶然地；C. in reality实际上；D. at ease安逸地。根据前文“I would also walk to a ____10____ about two miles down the road, where I would chat silently with God.”可知，作者开始通过散步排解情绪，由此可知，作者是“故意”错过校车来步行。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，出乎意料的是，我的体重开始下降了。A. uninterestedly不感兴趣地；B. uncertainly不确定地；C. unexpectedly出乎意料地；D. unfortunately不幸地。根据语境以及前文“I began ____11____ the afternoon school bus ____12____ , walking home instead.”可知，作者为了排解情绪而故意错过校车，结合后文的“I started losing weight.”可知，作者体重下降是“出乎意料的”事。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我开始对自己感到满意时，我也开始交到了朋友。A. concerned担忧的；B. content满意的；C. angry生气的；D. disappointed失望的。根据前文“I started losing weight.”可知，作者体重下降，结合后文“I began making friends.”可知，作者开始交朋友，由此可推断，作者变得对自己“满意”了。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的一个新交的朋友也在为体重问题而烦恼，她想成为一名“完美的”啦啦队员。A. struggled挣扎；B. competed竞争；C. dealt处理；D. lived生活。根据后文“wanting to be a “perfect” cheerleader.”可知，这位朋友也在为体重“挣扎”符合语境。故选A项。 【36题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她住得离我家很近，所以我们经常约好一起散步。A. run跑步；B. study学习；C. walk散步；D. play玩耍。根据前文作者习惯步行，以及后文“different from the lonely walks I had taken”可知，两人是一起“散步”。故选C项。 【37题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：这成了我们的日常惯例，一路上欢声笑语——和我以前独自散步的感觉完全不同。A. along沿着；B. across穿过；C. by通过；D. in在……里面。根据前文的“with talking and laughing”可知，作者和朋友结伴步行回家一路上有说有笑，“along the way”为固定搭配，意为“沿途，一路上”。故选A项。 【38题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友说，我不必变得完美，我只需要做我自己，对自己感到满意就好。A. thin瘦的；B. perfect完美的；C. sociable善于交际的；D. pessimistic悲观的。根据后文“I just had to be me, and be happy with myself.”可知，朋友开导作者不必追求“完美”。故选B项。 【39题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我不想再经历那段孤独、悲伤又尴尬的时光，但我很自豪自己熬过来了。A. excited兴奋的；B. upset沮丧的；C. regretful后悔的；D. proud自豪的。根据前文作者从自卑蜕变并收获友谊的经历以及后文的“I made it through.”可知，她为自己挺过那段艰难时光而感到“自豪”。故选D项。 【40题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你能找到一条没有任何障碍和挑战的路，那它很可能通往不了任何地方。A. lead通往；B. stretch延伸；C. exist存在；D. stay停留。根据前文作者的经历以及谚语“This too shall pass”和“If you can find a path with no obstacles or challenges”可知，没有挑战的道路无法“通往”有意义的地方。故选A项。 三、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） A Nicola Tesla was born on 10th July 1856 in Croatia. From a very young age, Tesla was interested in electricity. In 1881 Tesla moved to Budapest and got a job. It was there that Tesla first thought of the idea of the alternating current (交流电) (AC). In 1884, Tesla moved to America and worked for Thomas Edison. But Tesla worked for Edison for less than a year. Tesla was sure his AC motor was the best way to capture and transport the power of electricity. However, Edison thought his way of using direct current (DC) was better and considered AC unsafe. But soon the scientific community accepted AC was more powerful than DC and it was proved safe. In 1895, Tesla designed the first water power plant using the energy of the Niagara Falls. And he did it using the AC motor. After the success of AC, Tesla became well known. He travelled and spoke to many scientists about his inventions and ideas. He built a large laboratory. However, it burned down not long after it was built. As Tesla got older, he continued to come up with new ideas and theories. But he was less successful and famous. Many people didn’t recognize that particular inventions were really Tesla’s ideas. Tesla gave speeches about creating electrical power from the earth’s atmosphere. He also talked about ways that wireless electricity and communication could power things all over the world. But to the people of his time, these ideas sounded crazy. However, some of his ideas have now been supported by modern research and technology. Tesla’s last years were lonely and sad. He received many awards, but received very little money. When he died in 1943, he was no longer famous and felt forgotten. Today, not many people know the name of Nicola Tesla but his inventions and ideas affect our lives every day! 41. Why did Tesla stop working for Edison? A. Tesla was badly paid there. B. They had some disagreements. C. They had very different characters. D. Tesla wanted to move back to Europe. 42. Which of the following is the correct order about Tesla’s life experiences? a．Tesla’s lab burned down. b．Tesla worked for Edison. c．Tesla built a water power plant. d．Tesla moved to Budapest. A. d-b-c-a. B. d-b-a-c. C. b-d-c-a. D. b-c-d-a. 43. In his later years, Tesla ______. A. lived a colorful life B. was misunderstood and doubted C. was unable to think out new ideas D. earned a lot as an award-winning inventor 44. What can we learn from the text? A. Tesla became famous as an assistant to Edison. B. Tesla was way ahead of modern technology. C. Tesla had great interest in travelling. D. Tesla was not good at speeches. 45. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Nicola Tesla, a challenger for difficulties B. Nicola Tesla, a dreamer in science C. Nicola Tesla, a forgotten inventor D. Nicola Tesla, a strange scientist 【答案】41. B 42. A 43. B 44. B 45. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了发明家尼古拉·特斯拉的生平、科研成就、人生遭遇，以及其发明和想法对如今人们生活的深远影响。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Tesla was sure his AC motor was the best way to capture and transport the power of electricity. However, Edison thought his way of using direct current (DC) was better and considered AC unsafe.(特斯拉确信他的交流电动机是获取和传输电能的最佳方式。然而，爱迪生认为他使用直流电的方法更好，并认为交流电是不安全的。)”可知，特斯拉和爱迪生在电流使用的问题上存在分歧，这是特斯拉不再为爱迪生工作的原因。故选B项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In 1881 Tesla moved to Budapest and got a job.(1881年，特斯拉搬到布达佩斯并找到了一份工作。)”，第二段中的“In 1884, Tesla moved to America and worked for Thomas Edison.(1884年，特斯拉搬到美国，为托马斯·爱迪生工作。)”，第三段中的“In 1895, Tesla designed the first water power plant using the energy of the Niagara Falls.(1895年，特斯拉利用尼亚加拉大瀑布的能量设计了第一座水力发电站。)”和“He built a large laboratory. However, it burned down not long after it was built.(他建了一个大型实验室。然而，它建成后不久就被烧毁了。)”可知，事件的正确顺序为d-b-c-a。故选A项。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But he was less successful and famous. Many people didn’t recognize that particular inventions were really Tesla’s ideas.(但他不再那么成功和有名了。许多人都不知道某些发明其实是特斯拉的想法。)”和第五段中的“But to the people of his time, these ideas sounded crazy.(但对他那个时代的人来说，这些想法听起来很疯狂。)”可知，特斯拉晚年的想法不被当时的人理解，还受到了质疑。故选B项。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“However, some of his ideas have now been supported by modern research and technology.(然而，他的一些想法现在得到了现代研究和技术的支持。)”可知，特斯拉的一些想法在他的时代不被认可，却在如今被证实，说明他的想法远超当时的科技水平，走在了现代科技的前面。故选B项。 【45题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“When he died in 1943, he was no longer famous and felt forgotten. Today, not many people know the name of Nicola Tesla but his inventions and ideas affect our lives every day!(1943年他去世时，已经不再出名，还感觉自己被遗忘了。如今，没有多少人知道尼古拉·特斯拉这个名字，但他的发明和想法却每天都在影响着我们的生活！)”可知，文章讲述了特斯拉的一生，重点突出了他生前和死后都不被太多人知晓的境遇，因此“被遗忘的发明家尼古拉·特斯拉”最适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 B Mom was right! If you say thank you, for even the smallest gift or slightest show of kindness, you’ll feel happy. Gratitude (感激), says Robert A. Emmons, a professor of psychology at the University of California, is an important element of happiness. In his recent book, Thanks!, Emmons uses the first major study on gratitude to prove mom’s point. In acknowledging and developing this much-ignored expression of thankfulness, he explains how people have benefited — even improved their health. As one of the leading scholars of the positive psychology movement, he admits gratitude may be difficult to express. He advises you to begin by admitting that life is good and full of events and elements that make daily existence a wonder. Second, recognize that the source of life’s goodness is more than just you. That source may be your mom, a friend, partner, child, colleague at work or play, or any combination of these. Gratitude is always other-directed, notes Emmons. You can be pleased or angry with yourself and feel guilty about doing something wrong, but you can never be grateful to or for yourself. Expressing gratitude shouldn’t be a reaction; it should be state of mind. To feel grateful when life is a breeze and you have more than you need is easy. To feel grateful in time of crisis — anger, hatred and bitterness — is easier. Also, too many people are aware of life’s blessings only after these are lost. The voices expressing gratitude from his studies of individuals are many. It’s crisis and chaos — danger, disease, disability and death — that bring many individuals to realize just how dependent they are on others. Yet it’s the way each of us begins life and ends it. It’s too bad that so many people waste those decades in between laboring under the illusion (幻觉) that they are self-sufficient (自给自足的), says Emmons. To enable and embrace gratitude, Emmons encourages the readers of Thanks! to keep a gratitude diary. He even provides easy-to-follow directions on how to practice and develop gratitude. I’m not a reader or advocate of self-help books, but I am thankful for the reference I found in a newspaper article to the research Emmons was conducting on gratitude involving organ donors and recipients (接受者). The chance discovery led me to this book. Mom implied that kindness seems to find its way back to the giver because life really is all about giving, receiving and repaying. So, I’ll pay attention to her professional advice and say: Thank you, Professor Emmons. 46. What does the text mainly discuss? A. There are many ways of being thankful. B. Gratitude is important to happiness. C. Mom is great for her being thankful. D. Being thankful will keep you fit. 47. The author mentions Robert Emmons’ book Thanks! in order to prove that ______. A. Professor Emmons supports mom’s study on psychology. B. mom is as great a psychologist as Professor Emmons C. Professor Emmons is a famous psychologist D. mom is right about her viewpoint on gratitude 48. It will be easier for you to feel grateful when ______. A. you live a comfortable life B. you receive gifts on your birthday C. you get help during your hard times D. you are congratulated on your success 49. What is the opinion of Professor Emmons? A. It is enough to thank others orally. B. Whether you are thankful is always up to you. C. Remember to be thankful anytime and anywhere D. It is easier to be thankful for yourself than for others 50. According to Emmons, people can express gratitude by _______. A. keeping a gratitude diary B. reading self-help books C. feeling self-sufficient D. remaining dependent on others 【答案】46. B 47. D 48. C 49. C 50. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了感恩对幸福感的重要性，介绍了加州大学心理学教授Robert A. Emmons在其著作《Thanks!》中关于感恩的研究成果，阐述了感恩的定义、表达方式以及培养感恩心态的方法。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Gratitude (感激), says Robert A. Emmons, a professor of psychology at the University of California, is an important element of happiness. (加州大学心理学教授Robert A. Emmons说，感激是幸福感的一个重要组成部分)”以及全文围绕感恩与幸福感的关系展开论述可知，本文主要讨论的是感恩对幸福感的重要性。故选B。 【47题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“In his recent book, Thanks!, Emmons uses the first major study on gratitude to prove mom’s point.(在他最近出版的Thanks!一书中，Emmons利用首个关于感恩的重要研究来证明妈妈的观点)”以及文章首句“Mom was right!(妈妈是对的！)”可推知，作者提到Emmons的书是为了证明妈妈关于感恩的观点是正确的。故选D。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“To feel grateful in time of crisis — anger, hatred and bitterness — is easier.(在危机时刻 —— 愤怒、仇恨与痛苦交织之际 —— 心怀感恩反而更为难得。)”可知，当你在困难时期得到帮助时，更容易感到感恩。故选C。 【49题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“Expressing gratitude shouldn’t be a reaction; it should be state of mind. (表达感恩不应该是种反应；它应该是一种心态)”以及Emmons鼓励读者写感恩日记、随时随地培养感恩心态的建议，可推知Emmons的观点是无论何时何地都要记得感恩。故选C。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“To enable and embrace gratitude, Emmons encourages the readers of Thanks! to keep a gratitude diary.(为了使感恩成为可能并拥抱感恩，Emmons鼓励Thanks!的读者写感恩日记)”可知，Emmons认为人们可以通过写感恩日记来表达感恩。故选A。 C Technology is never a neutral tool for achieving human ends. Technological innovations reshape people as they use these innovations to control their environment. Artificial intelligence, for example, is altering humanity. While the term AI brings to mind anxieties about killer robots or disastrous levels of unemployment, there are other, deeper consequences. As AI increasingly shapes the human experience, how does this change what it means to be human? Central to the problem is a person’s capacity to make choices, particularly judgments that have moral consequences. Aristotle argued that the capacity for making practical judgments depends on regularly making them — on habit and practice. We see the emergence of machines as substitute judges in a variety of everyday contexts as a potential threat to people learning how to effectively exercise judgment themselves. In the workplace, managers routinely make decisions about who to hire or fire and which loan to approve, to name a few. These are areas where algorithmic (算法的) principle is replacing human judgment, and so people who might have had the chance to develop practical judgment in these areas no longer will. Recommendation engines, which are increasingly popular media in people’s consumption of culture, may serve to restrict choice and minimize luck. By presenting consumers with algorithmically selected choices of what to watch, read, stream and visit next, companies are replacing human taste with machine taste. As machine learning algorithms improve and as they train on greater data sets, larger parts of everyday life are likely to become completely predictable. The predictions are going to get better and better, and they will ultimately make common experiences more efficient and pleasant. But to the extent that unpredictability is part of how people understand themselves and part of what people like about themselves, humanity is in the process of losing something significant. As they become more and more predictable, the creatures living in the increasingly AI-mediated world will become less and less like us. 51. What do we learn about the deeper consequences of AI? A. It is causing disastrous levels of unemployment. B. It is doing physical harm to human operators. C. It is altering moral judgments. D. It is reshaping humanity. 52. What is the result of algorithmic principle replacing human judgment? A. People lose the chance to develop the ability to make practical judgments. B. People are prevented from participating in making major decisions in the workplace. C. Managers no longer have the chance to decide which loan to approve. D. Managers do not need to take the trouble to determine who to hire or fire. 53. What may result from increasing application of recommendation engines in our consumption of culture? A. Consumers will have much limited choice. B. Consumers will actually enjoy better luck. C. It will be easier to decide on what to enjoy. D. Humans will develop tastes similar to machines’. 54. What is likely to happen to larger parts of our daily life as machine learning algorithms improve? A. They will turn out to be more pleasant. B. They will repeat our past experiences. C. They can be completely foreseen. D. They may become better and better. 55. Why does the author say the creatures living in the more and more AI-mediated world will become increasingly unlike us? A. They will have lost the most significant element of being intelligent. B. They will no longer possess the human characteristic of being unpredictable. C. They will not be able to understand themselves as we can do today. D. They will be taken away what their ancestors were proud of about themselves. 【答案】51. D 52. A 53. A 54. C 55. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了人工智能如何改变人类的生活，尤其是对人类决策能力和不可预测性的潜在影响。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Artificial intelligence, for example, is altering humanity. (例如，人工智能正在改变人类)”以及第二段中“While the term AI brings to mind anxieties about killer robots or disastrous levels of unemployment, there are other, deeper consequences. As AI increasingly shapes the human experience, how does this change what it means to be human? (虽然人工智能这个词会让人联想到对杀人机器人或灾难性失业水平的担忧，但还有其他更深层次的后果。随着人工智能越来越多地塑造人类体验，这如何改变人类的意义？)”可知，人工智能除了会带来一些人们普遍担忧的后果（如失业等）外，更重要的是它正在重塑人类。故选D。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“These are areas where algorithmic (算法的) principle is replacing human judgment, and so people who might have had the chance to develop practical judgment in these areas no longer will. (在这些领域，算法原则正在取代人类的判断，因此那些原本可能有机会在这些领域发展实际判断能力的人将不再有机会)”可知，算法原则取代人类判断导致人们失去了发展实际判断能力的机会。故选A。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Recommendation engines, which are increasingly popular media in people’s consumption of culture, may serve to restrict choice and minimize luck. (推荐引擎在人们文化消费中越来越受欢迎，但它可能会限制选择，减少运气成分)”可知，随着推荐引擎在文化消费中的广泛应用，消费者的选择可能会受到限制。故选A。 【54题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段“As machine learning algorithms improve and as they train on greater data sets, larger parts of everyday life are likely to become completely predictable. The predictions are going to get better and better, and they will ultimately make common experiences more efficient and pleasant. (随着机器学习算法的改进，以及它们在更大数据集上的训练，日常生活的更大一部分可能会变得完全可预测。预测会越来越准确，最终会让人们的共同体验更加高效和愉快)”可知，随着机器学习算法的改进，日常生活的大部分可能会变得完全可预测。故选C。 【55题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But to the extent that unpredictability is part of how people understand themselves and part of what people like about themselves, humanity is in the process of losing something significant. As they become more and more predictable, the creatures living in the increasingly AI-mediated world will become less and less like us. (但是，在不可预测性是人们理解自己和喜欢自己的方式的一部分的程度上，人类正在失去一些重要的东西。随着它们变得越来越可预测，生活在日益由人工智能主导的世界中的生物将变得越来越不像我们)”可推知，作者认为不可预测性是人类自我理解和自我喜爱的一部分，而随着人工智能的发展，人们的生活变得越来越可预测，因此生活在由人工智能主导的世界中的生物将变得越来越不像人类。即人工智能的发展导致人类生活变得越来越可预测，从而失去了不可预测性这一人类特性。故选B。 四、单词默写 汉译英 56. 应得，应受到__________ 57. 心情__________ 58. 言论，意见，评论__________ 59. 难处理的，难懂的__________ 60. 检查（身体）__________ 61. 一贯地，一致地_________ 62. 极其重要的，必不可少的___________ 63. 使钦佩，使留下深刻印象___________ 64. 热情，热忱___________ 65. 做出……结论，推断出___________ 【答案】56. deserve 57. mood 58. remark 59. complicated 60. examine 61. consistently 62. essential 63. impress 64.  enthusiasm 65. conclude 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $