精品解析：天津市耀华中学2026-2027学年高二上学期开学考试英语试卷

英语和平耀华中学26秋高二开学考试卷 2026-2027学年度 第一学期 高二英语练习 I．单项选择（每小题1分，共20 小题，总分20分） 1. —I’ll have an important meeting this weekend, so I can’t go fishing with you. —______. I thought we could have a good time together. A. Go for it B. You said it C. No wonder D. What a shame 2. —I heard that Mary made great comments on the current situation at the meeting this morning. —No way! Mary has gone abroad. She ______ the meeting this morning. A. mustn’t have attended B. can’t have attended C. needn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended 3. Dear Tom, I’m more than delighted to have heard from you and writing an email ________ your concerns about the quality of the product. A. in response to B. in addition to C. in honor of D. in spite of 4. Ms. Yao is a patient teacher ______ I have the greatest respect and she is popular with the students. A. who B. to which C. whom D. for whom 5. It remains to be seen ________ the new rules will adapt to the actual situation after they are issued. A. which B. whether C. what D. that 6. ______ around the ancient town, we were then taken to see a film at the local cinema. A. Having shown B. Being shown C. Having been shown D. To show 7. We usually tend to make positive comments on others’ new haircut ________ sometimes we may think it is indeed really awful. A. only if B. what if C. as if D. even if 8. At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving, but eventually he ________ as she was so confident about her skills. A. cheered up B. dressed up C. broke in D. gave in 9. —Did you have a wonderful time in the Palace Museum yesterday? —Not really. Some parts of it ________ so I had no chance to see its whole appearance. A. were being rebuilt B. were rebuilt C. had been rebuilt D. have been rebuilt 10. According to the doctor, this time next week, I ________ around as normal and the cut on my foot will have healed completely. A. am walking B. will be walking C. walks D. have been walking 11. Yesterday Mr. Smith spoke at the meeting in place of the manager, who________ a more important meeting. A. had attended B. will be attending C. has attended D. was attending 12. Students will encounter many challenges in the universities for the first year,________ getting used to a new environment quickly comes to be the most important one. A. of which B. for which C. to which D. by which 13. On the eve of Chinese Spring Festival, the number of electronic red envelopes given and received via WeChat ________1.01 billon, 200 times that of 2014. A. adds to B. submits to C. subscribes to D. amounts to 14. ________ plans in place for the future, as we know, is no guarantee that they will become reality. A. Have B. Having C. To have had D. Having had 15. ________ the reasons behind wild animals entering our cities, one thing is for sure-as it’s often a means of their survival, they could be with us to stay. A. However B. Whenever C. Whatever D. Whichever 16. The cost of buying an apartment in central Tianjin is higher than________ in any other area of the city. A. that B. this C. it D. one 17. Betty raised the key question of ________ will be in charge when the manager was away on business. A. whoever B. whom C. whomever D. who 18. —These apples look really tasty. —They ________. See the price. Very expensive, aren’t they? A. should B. might C. could D. would 19. Many families want their children to attend university, but such an option is________ reach for the majority of the population, particularly those in rural areas. A. within B. in C. beyond D. over 20. ________ sure that windows are shut, mainly because it is reported that a heavy rain is on the way. A. Making B. Make C. Having made D. To make II．完型填空（每小题1.5分，共20小题，总分30分） I never truly understood the meaning of “peer pressure” until I joined the cross-country team in my freshman year. The training was ____21____ than I had imagined. Every morning, we were expected to ____22____ for training before the sun was up. Seeing all the other runners, so fast and skilled, made me feel embarrassed and ____23____. I started to doubt my own ability to ____24____. One rainy morning, I was particularly ____25____. My legs felt heavy, and I was falling far behind the rest. The thought of just stopping and going home felt like a better ____26____. Just then, our coach, Mr. Evans, jogged up beside me. “Stop looking at them,” he said, his voice calm but firm. “You’re not running their race. You need to find your own ____27____.” His words were simple, but they struck me. I had been so focused on ____28____ myself to others that I had forgotten why I started running in the first place. It wasn’t to be the best on the team; it was to ____29____ my own limits and get stronger. From that day on, I chose a different ____30____. I stopped focusing on the runners ahead of me and started celebrating my own ____31____, however small. Over time, running became less of a ____32____ and more of a joy. I didn’t become the fastest runner, but I became the best ____33____ of myself. This lesson went far beyond the running track. In group projects or when studying for exams, I learned to work in my own ____34____, without being ____35____ by what others were achieving. Now, whenever I see a teammate struggling with ____36____, I share Mr. Evans’s advice. But true success comes from following your own path. This experience taught me an important life lesson: your journey is ____37____. Don’t let the noise of others’ opinions ____38____ your own inner voice. Life isn’t about ____39____ against everyone else; it’s about winning against who you were yesterday — finding joy in small steps forward, and pride in how far you’ve come. And that is a journey everyone can ____40____. 21. A. clearer B. faster C. smoother D. tougher 22. A. turn up B. check in C. show off D. go ahead 23. A. out of date B. out of place C. out of mind D. out of work 24. A. hang out B. set off C. keep up D. calm down 25. A. nervous B. confident C. upset D. energetic 26. A. future B. choice C. chance D. deal 27. A. goal B. answer C. talent D. duty 28. A. committing B. revealing C. devoting D. comparing 29. A. feel B. remove C. test D. set 30. A. role B. attitude C. rule D. environment 31. A. story B. journey C. worth D. progress 32. A. habit B. community C. philosophy D. struggle 33. A. version B. form C. type D. luck 34. A. order B. style C. group D. time 35. A. frightened B. discouraged C. puzzled D. annoyed 36. A. doubt B. motivation C. change D. concentration 37. A. endless B. precious C. beautiful D. unique 38. A. hold back B. speak out C. pipe up D. tone down 39. A. guarding B. turning C. competing D. defending 40. A. plan B. conclude C. appreciate D. pause III．阅读理解（每小题2分，共25小题，总分50分） A ● Health, Wellness and the Politics of Food 9:00-9:45 a.m. Blue Tent Panelists (成员) : Jami Bernard, David Kamp, Marion Nestle and Peter Singer. Hosted by Denise Gray, science writer for The New York Times. How does what we eat not only affect our bodies, but also the world? The food and nutrition experts debate the role that the diet plays in both personal and global health, and present a look at food politics. ● Sports writing: For the Love of the Game 9:50-10:35 a.m. Blue Tent Panelists: Christine Brennan, Ira Rosen, Joe Wallace and Joe Drape. Hosted by William C. Rhoden, sports writer for The New York Times. Whether catching that key moment of victory or defeat, or covering breaking news, sports writers are anything but audience. Listen as some professionals discuss the special experience in reporting of sports news. ● The Art of the Review 11:15-12:00 a.m. Green Tent Panelists: John Freeman, Barry Gewen, David Or, Celia McGee and Jennifer Schuessler. Hosted by Sam Tanenhaus, editor for The New York Times Book Review. How much of an effect does the book review have on book sales? Join this group of critics as they discuss the reality of the book review and bestseller lists, and bow they choose books for review. ● New York Writers, New York Stories 3:00-3:45 p.m. Green Tent Panelists: Cindy Adams, Richard Cohen, Ric Klass and Lauren Redniss. Hosted by Clyde Haberman, columnist for the City Section of The New York Times. Join this inspiring group of New York-centric writers as they talk about why New York is ad gold nine of ideas for their work. 41. If you are free in the afternoon, you can attend ________. A. The Art of the Review B. New York Writers, New York Stories C. Health, Wellness and the Politics of Food D. Sports Writing: For the Love of the Game 42. If you like sports writing, you will most probably ________. A. go to Blue Tent at 11:15 a.m. B. enjoy Jami Bernard’s talk C. listen to Christine Brennan D. attend the Art of the Review 43. Sam Tanenhaus is in charge of ________. A. The Art of the Review B. Health, Wellness and the Politics of Food C. New York Writers, New York Stories D. Sports Writing: For the Love of the Game 44. All the four activities above ________. A. are about writing B. will last 45 minutes each C. can be attended freely D. will attract many readers 45. We can learn from the text that ________. A. sports writers are a type of audience B. the New York Times is popular C. Denise Gray will discuss politics D. book reviews may affect book sales B Many years ago, my mother used to read Blueberries for Sal by Robert McCloskey to me during cold winter nights. I remember it clearly, as if it were yesterday, listening to her voice beside me. That experience had a deep and lasting effect on me. Before I could read on my own, my mother introduced me to the beauty and power of language through this story about a girl and her mother spending time in nature with a mother bear and her cub. The combination of the interesting story, beautiful language, and my mother’s presence created a special experience that happened many times. These read-aloud sessions played a key role in making me a reader. Years later, while reading a picture book to a young student in class, I saw how reading aloud could also impact others. The boy had faced many challenges in his life — growing up in poverty and often feeling lonely. However, during that shared reading moment, he felt such happiness that he came up with a meaningful idea. He said, “Mrs. Allyn, we should make sure everyone knows how wonderful this feels. Let’s create a special day for reading aloud.” Inspired by his suggestion, my organization, LitWorld, established World Read Aloud Day in 2024 as a people-powered movement to make his wish come true — that everyone could experience the joy of being read to. Since then, World Read Aloud Day has become a global event that reaches over one million people in more than 65 countries. Today, it is celebrated in over 600 cities, and this number keeps growing. Children who develop reading habits become active and informed global citizens. Every child deserves the right to read. While saying that reading aloud can change the world might sound simple, that’s actually what makes it so valuable. Sharing stories with children is straightforward, affordable, and easy to do, yet its impact can be enormous. 46. How did the author probably feel when her mother read Blueberries for Sal to her? A. Bored. B. Scared. C. Calm. D. Thrilled. 47. What challenges did the boy have in his life when the author read a picture book to him? A. Growing up in a rich family and feeling lonely. B. Growing up in poverty and often feeling lonely. C. Growing up in poverty but feeling happy all the time. D. Growing up in a rich family and having many friends. 48. What does the word “sessions” in paragraph 2 most closely mean? A. Contests. B. Gatherings. C. Rejections. D. Footsteps. 49. What is the author’s opinion about reading aloud? A. It’s a complicated activity. B. It can have a huge positive influence. C. It’s only beneficial to children in rich countries. D. It’s difficult to popularize globally. 50. Which title best sums up the passage? A. From a Childhood Memory to a Global Festival B. The Benefits of Reading Aloud to Kids C. A Poor Student’s Dream of Reading D. How LitWorld Changed the World of Reading C Scientists at Tel Aviv University have conducted a six-year study, proving that plants produce a noise in certain stressful situations. The plants make a high frequency clicking sound which cannot be heard by humans, and when they are lacking water, or being damaged, the clicks become far more regular. The plants could make various sounds, depending on whether they are thirsty or injured. For the scientists’ research, some plants were placed in a soundproof box and recorded by two microphones. Some plants were badly in need of water, others were cut, and a control group was left undamaged. The researchers used AI technology to separate the noises. Being able to identify the particular calls of the plants up to 3-5 metres away, the technology successfully discriminated between the sounds made depending on whether the plants were dry or cut. While farming has become a science itself, there’re still a lot of estimates involved. If farmers were able to receive accurate information directly from their crops, they could adopt a much more efficient method of care and also be able to better identify and control diseases in a crop. All this can be achieved by using microphones and sensors to translate this new information. On average, the human ear can hear sounds up to around 20 kHz, whereas the sounds produced by plants are in the 40-80 kHz region, far beyond our hearing capabilities. However, the sounds produced by plants can probably be heard by various animals. Though this has yet to be proven, these creatures may use this information for their benefit, choosing which plants to eat, for example. Furthermore, a study in 2014, led by Reda Hassanien of China Agricultural University in Beijing, proved that plants reacted to sound waves, with some plants significantly increasing their yield. While it’s still unknown if one plant could react to another’s noises, it seems likely. Indeed, the same research facility is now ready to test this assumption. 51. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “discriminated” in Paragraph 2? A. Balanced. B. Compared. C. Distinguished. D. Captured. 52. What benefit may farmers get from this research? A. Managing their crops purposefully and effectively. B. Protecting their crops against diseases directly. C. Adding to the variety of crops to some extent. D. Saving their time on farming significantly. 53. What is now sure about the sounds produced by plants according to the researchers? A. They improve the crop production. B. They go beyond humans’ hearing range. C. They assist animals in searching for food. D. They help plants communicate with each other. 54. What may future research focus on? A. Whether plants can react to each other’s sounds. B. Whether creatures can react to sound waves. C. How to judge the types of plants by sound. D. How plants communicate with another’s noises. 55. The writer wrote the passage to tell us . A. plants may help increase yield in farming by sound B. plants can communicate like humans by various sounds C. plants repeat the identical sound in the face of danger D. plants can produce diverse sounds in difficult situations D A serious problem for today’s society is who should be responsible for our elderly and how to improve their lives. It is not only a financial problem but also a question of the system we want for our society. I would like to suggest several possible solutions to this problem. First, employers should take the responsibility for their retired employees. To make this possible, a percentage of profits should be set aside for this purpose. But when a company must take life-long responsibility for its employees, it may softer from a commercial disadvantage due to higher employee costs. Another way of solving the problem is to return the responsibility to the individual. This means each person must save during his working years to pay for his years of retirement. This does not seem a very fair model since some people have enough trouble paying for their daily life without trying to earn extra to cover their retirement years. This means the government might have to step in to care for the poor. In addition, the government could take responsibility for the care of the elderly. This could be financed through government taxes to increase the level of pensions. Furthermore, some institution should be created for senior citizens, which can help provide a comfortable life for them. Unfortunately, as the present situation in our country shows, this is not a truly viable answer. The government can seldom afford to care for the elderly, particularly when it is busy trying to care for the young. One further solution is that the government or social organizations establish some working places especially for the elderly where they are independent. To sum up, all these options have advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that some combination of these options may be needed to provide the care we hope to give to our elderly generations. 56. What is the passage mainly about? A. The problems faced by the old in society. B. Why we should take responsibility for the old. C. How we can improve the lives of the old. D. Where the old can go to get their pensions. 57. According to the passage, how can the government help to improve the lives of retired people? A. Set aside some profits to help people with problems after they retire. B. Increase savings levels of people during their working years. C. Increase the discounts for food and transport for the old. D. Make available pensions for those who have retired. 58. The underlined word “viable” most probably means “ ”. A. impossible B. practical C. useful D. successful 59. What can be concluded from the passage? A. Taking care of the old is mainly an issue of money. B. Employers should allow their workers to retire at a later age. C. Becoming independent should be the goal of most old people. D. There is no single solution to the problems of the old. 60. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this article? A. To point out the need for government supped for old people. B. To make general readers aware of the problems of retired people. C. To discuss some possible solutions to an important social problem. D. To instruct retired people on how they can have a happier life. E Most of us assume that warmth is what leads to generosity, rather than the other way around. It’s an intuitive order of events: we like people first and then choose to help them. However, according to research from the Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences, the opposite can also be just as true. Interestingly, this is what’s known as the “Ben Franklin effect”. After doing someone a favor, you begin to like them more, despite having felt neutral or indifferent about them beforehand. In terms of the Ben Franklin effect, this means that if you help someone, your brain is likely to try and reason: “Well, I wouldn’t go out of my way for someone I dislike, so I must like them.” Psychologists identified that the cognitive (认知的) mechanism underlying this intuitive social shift was, in fact, cognitive dissonance (失调). In simple terms, cognitive dissonance occurs when our behaviors are inconsistent with our beliefs. In turn, our minds unconsciously adjust our attitudes to reduce the discomfort this inconsistency brings on. The concept gained significant scientific recognition after renowned researchers Jon Jecker and David Landy’s classic 1969 experiment, published in the journal Human Relations. Specifically, participants within the study who had done a favor for the experimenter rated the experimenter as much more likable than those who had received a favor or had no interaction at all. With this study, Jecker and Landy were able to provide proof for the effect. This strongly suggests that the things that we do are more likely to shape our beliefs than the inverse (相反). In other words, when we act generously, we unconsciously convince ourselves that we must care for the recipient in some way or another. The Ben Franklin effect suggests that our actions can build connections far more reliably than just our emotions alone. This has profound meanings for romantic relationships, friendships, family dynamics and even healing old wounds. Offering a small favor to someone you feel slightly distant from can be a gentle yet effective way to reopen the connection. However, the inverse is also true: if you never put in effort, your pride will only create emotional distance. 61. Which of the following agrees with the Ben Franklin effect? A. Warm relations lead to generosity. B. Generous behavior wins popularity. C. Good deeds deserve greater rewards. D. Acts of kindness establish closer ties. 62. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The motive for helping the people we dislike. B. The underlying logic of reducing discomfort. C. The psychological process behind the effect. D. The method of managing cognitive dissonance. 63. Jecker and Landy’s experiment seems to tell us that ________. A. experimenters rate helpful participants higher B. emotions heal scars more effectively than actions C. behavior is a contributor to the formation of ideas D. people prefer to care for the recipient before donation 64. What does the author stress in the last paragraph? A. Potential implications of the effect. B. Supporting evidence for the effect. C. The further interpretation of the effect. D. The negativity of the inverse of the effect. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 英语和平耀华中学26秋高二开学考试卷 2026-2027学年度 第一学期 高二英语练习 I．单项选择（每小题1分，共20 小题，总分20分） 1. —I’ll have an important meeting this weekend, so I can’t go fishing with you. —______. I thought we could have a good time together. A. Go for it B. You said it C. No wonder D. What a shame 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：——这个周末我有一个重要的会议，所以不能和你一起去钓鱼了。——真遗憾。我原以为我们可以一起玩得很开心。A. Go for it加油，努力去做；B. You said it你说得对；C. No wonder难怪；D. What a shame真遗憾。根据上文“can’t go fishing with you”以及下文“I thought we could have a good time together.”可知，此处是对不能一起去钓鱼表示遗憾，What a shame符合语境。 2. —I heard that Mary made great comments on the current situation at the meeting this morning. —No way! Mary has gone abroad. She ______ the meeting this morning. A. mustn’t have attended B. can’t have attended C. needn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：——我听说玛丽在今天上午的会议上对当前形势发表了很好的评论。——不可能！玛丽出国了。她不可能参加今天上午的会议。A. mustn’t have attended一定没有参加；B. can’t have attended不可能参加；C. needn’t have attended本不必参加；D. shouldn’t have attended本不应该参加。根据上文“Mary has gone abroad.”指玛丽不可能参加上午的会议。故选B。 3. Dear Tom, I’m more than delighted to have heard from you and writing an email ________ your concerns about the quality of the product. A. in response to B. in addition to C. in honor of D. in spite of 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：亲爱的汤姆，我非常高兴收到你的来信，并写了一封电子邮件来回应你对产品质量的担忧。A. in response to作为对……的回应；B. in addition to除……之外（还有）；C. in honor of为纪念；为向……表示敬意；D. in spite of尽管。根据“your concerns about the quality of the product.”可知，写这封邮件作为对你关于产品质量担忧的回应。故选A。 4. Ms. Yao is a patient teacher ______ I have the greatest respect and she is popular with the students. A. who B. to which C. whom D. for whom 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：姚老师是一位耐心的老师，我非常尊敬她，她很受学生的欢迎。分析句子可知，此处为介词for+关系代词whom引导的定语从句，先行词teacher在从句中作介词for的宾语成分，从句中，have respect for sb“尊敬……”为固定搭配，此处为介词for的前置。故选D项。 5. It remains to be seen ________ the new rules will adapt to the actual situation after they are issued. A. which B. whether C. what D. that 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：新规发布后是否能适应实际情况，还有待观察。本句中It为形式主语，空处引导主语从句。该从句结构完整，不缺少句子主干成分，表达一种不确定性，需要表示“是否”的引导词，因此用whether引导。 6. ______ around the ancient town, we were then taken to see a film at the local cinema. A. Having shown B. Being shown C. Having been shown D. To show 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在被带领参观完古镇之后，我们被带到当地电影院看电影。“show around the ancient town”作时间状语，show(带领，引领)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语we之间是被动关系，且“参观古镇”发生在“看电影”之前，既表被动，也表完成，结合选项，用现在分词完成式的被动式having been shown作状语。故选C项。 7. We usually tend to make positive comments on others’ new haircut ________ sometimes we may think it is indeed really awful. A. only if B. what if C. as if D. even if 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：我们通常倾向于对别人的新发型发表积极的评论，即使有时我们可能会认为它确实很糟糕。A. only if仅仅，只有；B. what if要是...怎么样；C. as if好像；D. even if即使。根据空前“We usually tend to make positive comments on others’ new haircut”和空后“We usually tend to make positive comments on others’ new haircut”可知，空前和空后为转折关系，故应用even if引导让步状语从句，故选D。 8. At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving, but eventually he ________ as she was so confident about her skills. A. cheered up B. dressed up C. broke in D. gave in 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一开始罗伯特不让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对自己的技术很有信心。A. cheered up加油；B. dressed up打扮；C. broke in打断；D. gave in让步，屈服。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语gave in“让步”，满足句意要求。故选D项。 9. —Did you have a wonderful time in the Palace Museum yesterday? —Not really. Some parts of it ________ so I had no chance to see its whole appearance. A. were being rebuilt B. were rebuilt C. had been rebuilt D. have been rebuilt 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：——你昨天在故宫玩得愉快吗？——不太愉快。它的一些部分正在重建中，所以我没有机会看到它的全貌。由语意可知，昨天“我”去故宫时，它的一部分正在重建，故应用过去进行时态。主语Some parts与动词rebuild是被动关系，应用被动语态。故选A项。 10. According to the doctor, this time next week, I ________ around as normal and the cut on my foot will have healed completely. A. am walking B. will be walking C. walks D. have been walking 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：根据医生的说法，下周这个时候，我将会像往常一样走路，而且我脚上的伤口也将完全愈合。根据句中的时间状语“this time next week”（下周这个时候）可知，此处表示在将来某一特定时刻正在进行的动作，应用将来进行时（will be doing），即will be walking。 11. Yesterday Mr. Smith spoke at the meeting in place of the manager, who________ a more important meeting. A. had attended B. will be attending C. has attended D. was attending 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：昨天史密斯先生代替经理在会上发言，经理正在参加一个更重要的会议。根据“Yesterday Mr. Smith spoke at the meeting in place of the manager”可知，此处表示过去某个时刻正在发生的动作应用过去进行时，故选D。 12. Students will encounter many challenges in the universities for the first year,________ getting used to a new environment quickly comes to be the most important one. A. of which B. for which C. to which D. by which 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在大学的第一年，学生们将面临许多挑战，其中最重要的挑战之一是迅速适应新环境。先行词为many challenges，定语从句为getting used to a new environment quickly comes to be the most important one of，先行词表示物作宾语，用which，of提前。故选A项。 13. On the eve of Chinese Spring Festival, the number of electronic red envelopes given and received via WeChat ________1.01 billon, 200 times that of 2014. A. adds to B. submits to C. subscribes to D. amounts to 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在中国春节前夕，通过微信收发的电子红包数量总计为1.01亿元，是2014年的200倍。A. adds to增加；B. submits to向……呈交；C. subscribes to同意；D. amounts to总计。本句是说通过微信收发的电子红包数量共计为1.01亿元，说的是总数。B项和C项不符合句意。A项adds to是“增加，加强”之意，如果要表达“合计”应该用“add up to”。故选D项。 14. ________ plans in place for the future, as we know, is no guarantee that they will become reality. A. Have B. Having C. To have had D. Having had 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：正如我们所知，为未来制定好计划并不能保证它们会成为现实。句子的谓语动词是is，空格处需填入非谓语动词作主语；此处表示一般性的状态，用动名词的一般式。 15. ________ the reasons behind wild animals entering our cities, one thing is for sure-as it’s often a means of their survival, they could be with us to stay. A. However B. Whenever C. Whatever D. Whichever 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：无论这些物种进入我们城市的原因是什么，有一点是肯定的——因为这通常是它们的一种生存手段，它们可以和我们一起待着。A. However无论怎样；B. Whenever无论何时；C. Whatever无论什么；D. Whichever无论哪一个。whatever引导的让步状语从句中系动词be可以省略，相当于Whatever the reasons behind wild animals entering our cities is，故空格处作表语，结合句意“无论什么”是whatever。故选C项。 16. The cost of buying an apartment in central Tianjin is higher than________ in any other area of the city. A. that B. this C. it D. one 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查指示代词。句意：天津市中心的购房成本高于该市其他地区（的购房成本）。it指原来的那个事物，但是此句前后所指不一（西安市中心的房价和城市其他地方的房价），所以排除C；this一般代指以后将要提到的人物，可以排除B；one代指可数名词单数，而且是同类不同物的泛指，但是此次选项代指的是the cost，是不可数名词，所以不能选D； that代替前面说的同类事物（即不是原来的那个事物），它既可指可数名词单数（=the one），也可指不可数名词或抽象名词，应用that。故选A项。 17. Betty raised the key question of ________ will be in charge when the manager was away on business. A. whoever B. whom C. whomever D. who 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：贝蒂提出了一个关键问题，即当经理出差时，谁将负责。空格处引导宾语从句作介词of的宾语。在宾语从句“________ will be in charge”中缺少主语，且表示疑问“谁”，应用连接代词who。 18. —These apples look really tasty. —They ________. See the price. Very expensive, aren’t they? A. should B. might C. could D. would 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：——这些苹果看起来真好吃。——它们应该很好吃。看价格。很贵，不是吗？ A. should应该；B. might可能；C. could能够；D. would会。 根据后文See the price. Very expensive, aren’t they?可知，因为价格很高，所以推断出苹果“应该”很好吃。should在此处表示一种合乎常理的预期或推断。 19. Many families want their children to attend university, but such an option is________ reach for the majority of the population, particularly those in rural areas. A. within B. in C. beyond D. over 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查介词。句意：许多家庭希望他们的孩子上大学，但对于大多数人尤其是农村地区的人来说，这样的选择是遥不可及的。A. within在……之内；B. in在……里；C. beyond超越；超出；D. over在……之上。根据下文“particularly those in rural areas(尤其是农村地区的人)”可知，大部分人口尤其是农村地区的孩子上大学的梦想遥不可及，空白处应填表示“超出”含义的介词，故选C项。 20. ________ sure that windows are shut, mainly because it is reported that a heavy rain is on the way. A. Making B. Make C. Having made D. To make 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：确保窗户都关上，主要是因为据报道大雨即将来临。逗号前为主句，且主句缺少谓语动词，故此处为祈使句，应以动词原形开头。 II．完型填空（每小题1.5分，共20小题，总分30分） I never truly understood the meaning of “peer pressure” until I joined the cross-country team in my freshman year. The training was ____21____ than I had imagined. Every morning, we were expected to ____22____ for training before the sun was up. Seeing all the other runners, so fast and skilled, made me feel embarrassed and ____23____. I started to doubt my own ability to ____24____. One rainy morning, I was particularly ____25____. My legs felt heavy, and I was falling far behind the rest. The thought of just stopping and going home felt like a better ____26____. Just then, our coach, Mr. Evans, jogged up beside me. “Stop looking at them,” he said, his voice calm but firm. “You’re not running their race. You need to find your own ____27____.” His words were simple, but they struck me. I had been so focused on ____28____ myself to others that I had forgotten why I started running in the first place. It wasn’t to be the best on the team; it was to ____29____ my own limits and get stronger. From that day on, I chose a different ____30____. I stopped focusing on the runners ahead of me and started celebrating my own ____31____, however small. Over time, running became less of a ____32____ and more of a joy. I didn’t become the fastest runner, but I became the best ____33____ of myself. This lesson went far beyond the running track. In group projects or when studying for exams, I learned to work in my own ____34____, without being ____35____ by what others were achieving. Now, whenever I see a teammate struggling with ____36____, I share Mr. Evans’s advice. But true success comes from following your own path. This experience taught me an important life lesson: your journey is ____37____. Don’t let the noise of others’ opinions ____38____ your own inner voice. Life isn’t about ____39____ against everyone else; it’s about winning against who you were yesterday — finding joy in small steps forward, and pride in how far you’ve come. And that is a journey everyone can ____40____. 21. A. clearer B. faster C. smoother D. tougher 22. A. turn up B. check in C. show off D. go ahead 23. A. out of date B. out of place C. out of mind D. out of work 24. A. hang out B. set off C. keep up D. calm down 25. A. nervous B. confident C. upset D. energetic 26. A. future B. choice C. chance D. deal 27. A. goal B. answer C. talent D. duty 28. A. committing B. revealing C. devoting D. comparing 29. A. feel B. remove C. test D. set 30. A. role B. attitude C. rule D. environment 31. A. story B. journey C. worth D. progress 32. A. habit B. community C. philosophy D. struggle 33. A. version B. form C. type D. luck 34. A. order B. style C. group D. time 35. A. frightened B. discouraged C. puzzled D. annoyed 36. A. doubt B. motivation C. change D. concentration 37. A. endless B. precious C. beautiful D. unique 38. A. hold back B. speak out C. pipe up D. tone down 39. A. guarding B. turning C. competing D. defending 40. A. plan B. conclude C. appreciate D. pause 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. B 36. A 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者加入越野队后，在教练的鼓励下学会关注自我、突破自我并领悟人生道理的故事。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：训练比我想象的要艰难得多。A. clearer更清晰的；B. faster更快的；C. smoother更平滑的；D. tougher更艰难的。根据后文“Every morning, we were expected to ______ for training before the sun was up. Seeing all the other runners, so fast and skilled, made me feel embarrassed”可知，每天早上都要在太阳升起前开始训练。且看到其他跑步者又快又熟练，作者感到尴尬，说明训练比想象的要艰难。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：每天早上，我们都要在太阳升起前到场参加训练。A. turn up出现，到场；B. check in登记；C. show off炫耀；D. go ahead继续。根据后文“for training before the sun was up”可知，到场训练要在太阳升起前。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：看到所有其他跑步者都那么快、那么熟练，我感到尴尬和格格不入。A. out of date过时的；B. out of place格格不入，不自在；C. out of mind心不在焉；D. out of work失业。根据上文“Seeing all the other runners, so fast and skilled, made me feel embarrassed and”可知，作者觉得自己和别人差距大，感到不自在、格格不入。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我开始怀疑自己是否有能力跟上。A. hang out闲逛；B. set off出发；C. keep up跟上；D. calm down冷静。根据上文“I started to doubt my own ability to”以及后文“The thought of just stopping and going home felt like a better”作者想要放弃，可推测作者怀疑自己是否能跟上其他跑步者。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个下雨的早晨，我特别沮丧。A. nervous紧张的；B. confident自信的；C. upset沮丧的；D. energetic精力充沛的。根据后文“My legs felt heavy, and I was falling far behind the rest.”可知，作者腿很沉，远远落在后面，所以作者很沮丧。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：停下来回家的想法感觉是个更好的选择。A. future未来；B. choice选择；C. chance机会；D. deal交易。根据上文“The thought of just stopping and going home felt like a better”可知，作者很沮丧，觉得停下来回家的想法感觉是个更好的选择。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你需要找到你自己的目标。A. goal目标；B. answer答案；C. talent才能；D. duty责任。根据后文“It wasn’t to be the best on the team; it was to ______ my own limits and get stronger.”可知，此处指找到自己的目标，不是成为团队中最好的，而是测试自己的极限，变得更强。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直太专注于将自己与他人进行比较，以至于忘记了最初为什么开始跑步。A. committing承诺；B. revealing揭示；C. devoting致力于；D. comparing比较。根据前文“Seeing all the other runners, so fast and skilled, made me feel embarrassed”和后文“myself to others”、“I stopped focusing on the runners ahead of me”可知，此处指将自己与他人进行比较。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它不是为了成为团队中最好的；而是为了测试自己的极限，变得更强。A. feel感觉；B. remove去除；C. test测试；D. set设置。根据后文“my own limits and get stronger”可知，跑步是为了测试自己的极限，变得更强。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那天起，我选择了不同的态度。A. role角色；B. attitude态度；C. rule规则；D. environment环境。根据后文“I stopped focusing on the runners ahead of me and started celebrating my own”可知，作者不再关注前面的跑步者，即选择了不同的态度。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不再关注前面的跑步者，而是开始庆祝自己的进步，无论多么微小。A. story故事；B. journey旅行；C. worth价值；D. progress进步。根据前文“I stopped focusing on the runners ahead of me and started celebrating my own”和后文“however small”可知，此处指作者庆祝自己的进步，无论多么微小。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，跑步不再是一种挣扎，而是一种快乐。A. habit习惯；B. community社区；C. philosophy哲学；D. struggle挣扎。根据前文“running became less of a”和后文“and more of a joy”可知，跑步从一种挣扎变成了一种快乐。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我没有成为最快的跑步者，但我成为了最好的自己。A. version版本；B. form形式；C. type类型；D. luck运气。根据后文“of myself”可知，此处指成为最好的自己，即自己的最佳版本。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在小组项目或备考时，我学会了以自己的方式做事，而不被别人的成就所气馁。A. order命令；B. style方式；C. group团体；D. time时间。根据前文“I learned to work in my own”和后文“without being ______ by what others were achieving”可知，作者学会了不被别人的成就所气馁，此处指以自己的方式做事。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在小组项目或备考时，我学会了以自己的方式做事，而不被别人的成就所气馁。A. frightened使害怕；B. discouraged使气馁；C. puzzled使困惑；D. annoyed惹恼。根据前文“Seeing all the other runners, so fast and skilled, made me feel embarrassed”和后文“by what others were achieving”可知，此处与前文形成对比，指不被别人的成就所气馁。故选B。 【36题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，每当我看到队友在怀疑中挣扎时，我都会分享埃文斯先生的建议。A. doubt怀疑；B. motivation动机；C. change改变；D. concentration集中。呼应上文“I started to doubt my own ability”指作者看到队友在怀疑中挣扎。故选A。 【37题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但真正的成功来自于走自己的路。这段经历给了我重要的人生教训：你的旅程是独一无二的。A. endless无尽的；B. precious宝贵的；C. beautiful美丽的；D. unique独特的，独一无二的。根据后文“Don’t let the noise of others’ opinions”可知，不要让别人的意见影响自己，说明每个人的旅程都是独一无二的。故选D。 【38题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：不要让别人的意见阻碍你内心的声音。A. hold back阻碍；B. speak out大声说出；C. pipe up突然插话；D. tone down缓和。根据前文“Don’t let the noise of others’ opinions”和后文“your own inner voice”可知，此处指不要被外界意见压制内心想法，不要让别人的意见阻碍自己内心的声音。故选A。 【39题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：生活不是与每个人竞争；而是要战胜昨天的你——在前进的小步伐中找到快乐，在已经走了多远中找到骄傲。A. guarding守卫；B. turning转弯；C. competing竞争；D. defending防御。根据后文“against everyone else; it’s about winning against who you were yesterday”可知，生活是在前进的小步伐中找到快乐，在已经走了多远中找到骄傲，所以生活不是与每个人竞争。故选C。 【40题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一段每个人都能欣赏的旅程。A. plan计划；B. conclude总结；C. appreciate欣赏；D. pause暂停。根据上文“finding joy in small steps forward, and pride in how far you’ve come”可知，在前进的小步伐中找到快乐，在已经走了多远中找到骄傲，说明这是一段每个人都能欣赏的旅程。故选C。 III．阅读理解（每小题2分，共25小题，总分50分） A ● Health, Wellness and the Politics of Food 9:00-9:45 a.m. Blue Tent Panelists (成员) : Jami Bernard, David Kamp, Marion Nestle and Peter Singer. Hosted by Denise Gray, science writer for The New York Times. How does what we eat not only affect our bodies, but also the world? The food and nutrition experts debate the role that the diet plays in both personal and global health, and present a look at food politics. ● Sports writing: For the Love of the Game 9:50-10:35 a.m. Blue Tent Panelists: Christine Brennan, Ira Rosen, Joe Wallace and Joe Drape. Hosted by William C. Rhoden, sports writer for The New York Times. Whether catching that key moment of victory or defeat, or covering breaking news, sports writers are anything but audience. Listen as some professionals discuss the special experience in reporting of sports news. ● The Art of the Review 11:15-12:00 a.m. Green Tent Panelists: John Freeman, Barry Gewen, David Or, Celia McGee and Jennifer Schuessler. Hosted by Sam Tanenhaus, editor for The New York Times Book Review. How much of an effect does the book review have on book sales? Join this group of critics as they discuss the reality of the book review and bestseller lists, and bow they choose books for review. ● New York Writers, New York Stories 3:00-3:45 p.m. Green Tent Panelists: Cindy Adams, Richard Cohen, Ric Klass and Lauren Redniss. Hosted by Clyde Haberman, columnist for the City Section of The New York Times. Join this inspiring group of New York-centric writers as they talk about why New York is ad gold nine of ideas for their work. 41. If you are free in the afternoon, you can attend ________. A. The Art of the Review B. New York Writers, New York Stories C. Health, Wellness and the Politics of Food D. Sports Writing: For the Love of the Game 42. If you like sports writing, you will most probably ________. A. go to Blue Tent at 11:15 a.m. B. enjoy Jami Bernard’s talk C. listen to Christine Brennan D. attend the Art of the Review 43. Sam Tanenhaus is in charge of ________. A. The Art of the Review B. Health, Wellness and the Politics of Food C. New York Writers, New York Stories D. Sports Writing: For the Love of the Game 44. All the four activities above ________. A. are about writing B. will last 45 minutes each C. can be attended freely D. will attract many readers 45. We can learn from the text that ________. A. sports writers are a type of audience B. the New York Times is popular C. Denise Gray will discuss politics D. book reviews may affect book sales 【答案】41. B 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个活动的相关信息，包括时间，地点，活动内容等。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据New York Writers, New York Stories部分中“3:00-3:45 p.m. Green Tent(下午3:00到3:45。绿色的帐篷)”可知，如果你下午有空，你可以参加New York Writers, New York Stories。故选B。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据● Sports writing: For the Love of the Game部分中“Panelists: Christine Brennan, Ira Rosen, Joe Wallace and Joe Drape.(小组成员：Christine Brennan, Ira Rosen, Joe Wallace和Joe Drape)”以及“Whether catching that key moment of victory or defeat, or covering breaking news, sports writers are anything but audience. Listen as some professionals discuss the special experience in reporting of sports news.(无论是捕捉胜利或失败的关键时刻，还是报道突发新闻，体育记者都不是观众。听一些专业人士讨论报道体育新闻的特殊经验)”可知，如果你喜欢体育写作，你很可能会听Christine Brennan讲话。故选C。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据● The Art of the Review部分中“Hosted by Sam Tanenhaus(主持人Sam Tanenhaus)”可知，Sam Tanenhaus负责评论的艺术。故选A。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，第一个活动从上午9:00到9:45；第二个活动从上午9:50到10:35；第三个活动从上午11:15到12:00；第四个活动从下午3:00到3:45。故以上四项活动，每个将持续45分钟。故选B。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据● The Art of the Review部分中“How much of an effect does the book review have on book sales? Join this group of critics as they discuss the reality of the book review and bestseller lists, and bow they choose books for review.(书评对图书销售的影响有多大？加入这群评论家，他们讨论书评和畅销书排行榜的现实，以及他们如何选择书籍进行评论)”可知，书评可能影响图书销售。故选D。 B Many years ago, my mother used to read Blueberries for Sal by Robert McCloskey to me during cold winter nights. I remember it clearly, as if it were yesterday, listening to her voice beside me. That experience had a deep and lasting effect on me. Before I could read on my own, my mother introduced me to the beauty and power of language through this story about a girl and her mother spending time in nature with a mother bear and her cub. The combination of the interesting story, beautiful language, and my mother’s presence created a special experience that happened many times. These read-aloud sessions played a key role in making me a reader. Years later, while reading a picture book to a young student in class, I saw how reading aloud could also impact others. The boy had faced many challenges in his life — growing up in poverty and often feeling lonely. However, during that shared reading moment, he felt such happiness that he came up with a meaningful idea. He said, “Mrs. Allyn, we should make sure everyone knows how wonderful this feels. Let’s create a special day for reading aloud.” Inspired by his suggestion, my organization, LitWorld, established World Read Aloud Day in 2024 as a people-powered movement to make his wish come true — that everyone could experience the joy of being read to. Since then, World Read Aloud Day has become a global event that reaches over one million people in more than 65 countries. Today, it is celebrated in over 600 cities, and this number keeps growing. Children who develop reading habits become active and informed global citizens. Every child deserves the right to read. While saying that reading aloud can change the world might sound simple, that’s actually what makes it so valuable. Sharing stories with children is straightforward, affordable, and easy to do, yet its impact can be enormous. 46. How did the author probably feel when her mother read Blueberries for Sal to her? A. Bored. B. Scared. C. Calm. D. Thrilled. 47. What challenges did the boy have in his life when the author read a picture book to him? A. Growing up in a rich family and feeling lonely. B. Growing up in poverty and often feeling lonely. C. Growing up in poverty but feeling happy all the time. D. Growing up in a rich family and having many friends. 48. What does the word “sessions” in paragraph 2 most closely mean? A. Contests. B. Gatherings. C. Rejections. D. Footsteps. 49. What is the author’s opinion about reading aloud? A. It’s a complicated activity. B. It can have a huge positive influence. C. It’s only beneficial to children in rich countries. D. It’s difficult to popularize globally. 50. Which title best sums up the passage? A. From a Childhood Memory to a Global Festival B. The Benefits of Reading Aloud to Kids C. A Poor Student’s Dream of Reading D. How LitWorld Changed the World of Reading 【答案】46. D 47. B 48. B 49. B 50. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者童年时母亲朗读的经历影响深远，后来受学生启发创立世界朗读日。如今该活动遍布全球，作者认为朗读简单却意义重大，能带来巨大积极影响。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“I remember it clearly, as if it were yesterday, listening to her voice beside me. That experience had a deep and lasting effect on me.(我记得非常清楚，仿佛那是就在昨天的事，当时她的声音就在我身旁。那次经历对我产生了深远且持久的影响)”以及第二段“The combination of the interesting story, beautiful language, and my mother’s presence created a special experience that happened many times.(有趣的故事、优美的语言以及我母亲的陪伴，共同营造出了一种特别的体验，这种体验曾多次出现)”可知，当作者的母亲给她的女儿朗读《给萨尔的蓝莓》时，作者激动。故选D。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The boy had faced many challenges in his life — growing up in poverty and often feeling lonely. However, during that shared reading moment, he felt such happiness that he came up with a meaningful idea.(这个男孩在其人生中经历了诸多挑战——成长于贫困家庭，且常常感到孤独。然而，在那次共同阅读的时刻，他感受到了前所未有的快乐，并由此产生了一个有意义的想法)”可知，当作者给这个男孩读图画书时，男孩生活贫困且经常感到孤独。故选B。 【48题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The combination of the interesting story, beautiful language, and my mother’s presence created a special experience that happened many times.(有趣的故事、优美的语言以及我母亲的陪伴，共同营造出了一种特别的体验，这种体验曾多次出现)”可知，这一段段共读的时间、相聚的活动对作者成为读者起到了至关重要的作用。故划线词意思是“相聚”。故选B。 【49题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sharing stories with children is straightforward, affordable, and easy to do, yet its impact can be enormous.(与孩子们分享故事既简单易行，成本又不高，而且实施起来也很容易，但其带来的影响却可能是巨大的)”可知，作者对于大声朗读的看法是它能产生巨大的积极影响。故选B。 【50题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Children who develop reading habits become active and informed global citizens. Every child deserves the right to read. While saying that reading aloud can change the world might sound simple, that’s actually what makes it so valuable. Sharing stories with children is straightforward, affordable, and easy to do, yet its impact can be enormous.(养成阅读习惯的孩子会成为积极且知识渊博的全球公民。每个孩子都应享有阅读的权利。虽然说大声朗读能够改变世界这一说法听起来可能很简单，但正是这一点使其如此有价值。与孩子们分享故事既简单易行，成本又不高，而且实施起来也很容易，但其带来的影响却可能是巨大的)”结合文章主要讲述了作者童年时母亲朗读的经历影响深远，后来受学生启发创立世界朗读日。如今该活动遍布全球，作者认为朗读简单却意义重大，能带来巨大积极影响。可知，A选项“从童年记忆到全球盛会”最符合文章标题。故选A。 C Scientists at Tel Aviv University have conducted a six-year study, proving that plants produce a noise in certain stressful situations. The plants make a high frequency clicking sound which cannot be heard by humans, and when they are lacking water, or being damaged, the clicks become far more regular. The plants could make various sounds, depending on whether they are thirsty or injured. For the scientists’ research, some plants were placed in a soundproof box and recorded by two microphones. Some plants were badly in need of water, others were cut, and a control group was left undamaged. The researchers used AI technology to separate the noises. Being able to identify the particular calls of the plants up to 3-5 metres away, the technology successfully discriminated between the sounds made depending on whether the plants were dry or cut. While farming has become a science itself, there’re still a lot of estimates involved. If farmers were able to receive accurate information directly from their crops, they could adopt a much more efficient method of care and also be able to better identify and control diseases in a crop. All this can be achieved by using microphones and sensors to translate this new information. On average, the human ear can hear sounds up to around 20 kHz, whereas the sounds produced by plants are in the 40-80 kHz region, far beyond our hearing capabilities. However, the sounds produced by plants can probably be heard by various animals. Though this has yet to be proven, these creatures may use this information for their benefit, choosing which plants to eat, for example. Furthermore, a study in 2014, led by Reda Hassanien of China Agricultural University in Beijing, proved that plants reacted to sound waves, with some plants significantly increasing their yield. While it’s still unknown if one plant could react to another’s noises, it seems likely. Indeed, the same research facility is now ready to test this assumption. 51. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “discriminated” in Paragraph 2? A. Balanced. B. Compared. C. Distinguished. D. Captured. 52. What benefit may farmers get from this research? A. Managing their crops purposefully and effectively. B. Protecting their crops against diseases directly. C. Adding to the variety of crops to some extent. D. Saving their time on farming significantly. 53. What is now sure about the sounds produced by plants according to the researchers? A. They improve the crop production. B. They go beyond humans’ hearing range. C. They assist animals in searching for food. D. They help plants communicate with each other. 54. What may future research focus on? A. Whether plants can react to each other’s sounds. B. Whether creatures can react to sound waves. C. How to judge the types of plants by sound. D. How plants communicate with another’s noises. 55. The writer wrote the passage to tell us . A. plants may help increase yield in farming by sound B. plants can communicate like humans by various sounds C. plants repeat the identical sound in the face of danger D. plants can produce diverse sounds in difficult situations 【答案】51. C 52. A 53. B 54. A 55. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍研究发现植物在压力环境下会发出声音，以及该发现的应用价值和后续研究方向等内容。 【51题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“The researchers used AI technology to separate the noises. Being able to identify the particular calls of the plants up to 3-5 metres away, the technology successfully discriminated between the sounds made depending on whether the plants were dry or cut.(研究人员使用人工智能技术来分离这些声音。该技术能够识别出3-5米外植物的特定声音，并成功discriminated植物缺水时和被切割时发出的声音)”可知，AI技术能识别植物的特定声音，还能区分缺水和被切割时的声音差异。由此猜测，划线词discriminated意为“区分、辨别”，与distinguish同义。故选C项。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If farmers were able to receive accurate information directly from their crops, they could adopt a much more efficient method of care and also be able to better identify and control diseases in a crop.(如果农民能够直接从作物中获得准确信息，他们就可以采用更高效的照料方法，也能更好地识别和控制作物病害)”可知，这项研究能让农民有针对性且高效地管理作物。故选A项。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“On average, the human ear can hear sounds up to around 20 kHz, whereas the sounds produced by plants are in the 40-80 kHz region, far beyond our hearing capabilities.(人类耳朵平均能听到的声音频率最高约为20千赫兹，而植物发出的声音频率在40-80千赫兹之间，远远超出了我们的听力范围)”可知，目前可以确定的是植物发出的声音超出人类听力范围。故选B项。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While it’s still unknown if one plant could react to another’s noises, it seems likely. Indeed, the same research facility is now ready to test this assumption.(虽然目前还不清楚一株植物是否能对另一株植物的声音做出反应，但这似乎是有可能的。事实上，同一个研究机构现在已经准备好测试这个假设了)”可推知，未来的研究可能会聚焦于植物是否能对彼此的声音做出反应。故选A项。 【55题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Scientists at Tel Aviv University have conducted a six-year study, proving that plants produce a noise in certain stressful situations. The plants make a high frequency clicking sound which cannot be heard by humans, and when they are lacking water, or being damaged, the clicks become far more regular. The plants could make various sounds, depending on whether they are thirsty or injured.(特拉维夫大学的科学家进行了一项为期六年的研究，证明植物在某些压力环境下会发出声音。植物会发出人类听不到的高频咔嗒声，当它们缺水或受到伤害时，咔嗒声会变得有规律得多。根据植物是缺水还是受伤，它们会发出不同的声音)”及全文内容可知，作者写这篇文章是为了告诉我们植物在困境中会发出多种声音。故选D项。 D A serious problem for today’s society is who should be responsible for our elderly and how to improve their lives. It is not only a financial problem but also a question of the system we want for our society. I would like to suggest several possible solutions to this problem. First, employers should take the responsibility for their retired employees. To make this possible, a percentage of profits should be set aside for this purpose. But when a company must take life-long responsibility for its employees, it may softer from a commercial disadvantage due to higher employee costs. Another way of solving the problem is to return the responsibility to the individual. This means each person must save during his working years to pay for his years of retirement. This does not seem a very fair model since some people have enough trouble paying for their daily life without trying to earn extra to cover their retirement years. This means the government might have to step in to care for the poor. In addition, the government could take responsibility for the care of the elderly. This could be financed through government taxes to increase the level of pensions. Furthermore, some institution should be created for senior citizens, which can help provide a comfortable life for them. Unfortunately, as the present situation in our country shows, this is not a truly viable answer. The government can seldom afford to care for the elderly, particularly when it is busy trying to care for the young. One further solution is that the government or social organizations establish some working places especially for the elderly where they are independent. To sum up, all these options have advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that some combination of these options may be needed to provide the care we hope to give to our elderly generations. 56. What is the passage mainly about? A. The problems faced by the old in society. B. Why we should take responsibility for the old. C. How we can improve the lives of the old. D. Where the old can go to get their pensions. 57. According to the passage, how can the government help to improve the lives of retired people? A. Set aside some profits to help people with problems after they retire. B. Increase savings levels of people during their working years. C. Increase the discounts for food and transport for the old. D. Make available pensions for those who have retired. 58. The underlined word “viable” most probably means “ ”. A. impossible B. practical C. useful D. successful 59. What can be concluded from the passage? A. Taking care of the old is mainly an issue of money. B. Employers should allow their workers to retire at a later age. C. Becoming independent should be the goal of most old people. D. There is no single solution to the problems of the old. 60. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this article? A. To point out the need for government supped for old people. B. To make general readers aware of the problems of retired people. C. To discuss some possible solutions to an important social problem. D. To instruct retired people on how they can have a happier life. 【答案】56. C 57. D 58. B 59. D 60. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲了社会养老问题，并就如何提高老人的生活质量提出了一些建议。 【56题详解】 主旨大意题。文章第一段的“A serious problem for today's society is who should be responsible for our elderly and how to improve their Lives.”（当今社会的一个严重问题是，谁应该为我们的老年人负责，以及如何改善他们的生活。）和“I would like to suggest several possible solutions to this problem.”（我想提出几个可能的解决方案。）及后面段落给出一些改善老人生活的建议，由此可知文章的主要大意是“怎样提高老人的生活质量”，故选C项。 【57题详解】 细节理解题。由题干中的“the government”定位答案于第四段，此段第二句明确指出“This could be financed through government taxes to increase the level of pensions.”（这可以通过政府税收来筹集资金，以提高养老金水平。），即“政府通过税收增加老人的养老金”，由此可知，D项“为退休人员提供养老金”是此句的同义转述。故选D项。 【58题详解】 词句猜测题。由题干中的“viable”定位答案于第四段，此段最后一句“The government can seldom afford to care for the elderly, particularly when it is busy trying to care for the young.”（ 政府很少有能力照顾老人，尤其是在忙于照顾年轻人的时候。）说明了由于政府忙于照顾年轻人，没有资金照顾老人，所以这措施是行不通的，没有可操作性，viable在此处意为“实际的、切实可行的（practical）”。故选B项。 【59题详解】 推理判断题。文章第二至第五段提出了五种提高老人生活质量的建议，最后一段说“…all these options have advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that some combination of these options may be needed to provide the care we hope to give to our elderly generations.”（所有这些选择都有优点和缺点。因此，我们有理由期望，可能需要将这些选择结合起来，以提供我们希望为我们的老一辈提供的照顾。），由此可以推断“解决老人问题没有单一的方法”，故选D项。 【60题详解】 推理判断题。文章第一段的最后一句有明显表明写作目的的句子“I would like to suggest several possible solutions to this problem.”（我想就这个问题提出几个可能的解决办法。），可知作者写这篇文章的目的是对社会重要的问题讨论一些可能的解决方法。故选C项。 E Most of us assume that warmth is what leads to generosity, rather than the other way around. It’s an intuitive order of events: we like people first and then choose to help them. However, according to research from the Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences, the opposite can also be just as true. Interestingly, this is what’s known as the “Ben Franklin effect”. After doing someone a favor, you begin to like them more, despite having felt neutral or indifferent about them beforehand. In terms of the Ben Franklin effect, this means that if you help someone, your brain is likely to try and reason: “Well, I wouldn’t go out of my way for someone I dislike, so I must like them.” Psychologists identified that the cognitive (认知的) mechanism underlying this intuitive social shift was, in fact, cognitive dissonance (失调). In simple terms, cognitive dissonance occurs when our behaviors are inconsistent with our beliefs. In turn, our minds unconsciously adjust our attitudes to reduce the discomfort this inconsistency brings on. The concept gained significant scientific recognition after renowned researchers Jon Jecker and David Landy’s classic 1969 experiment, published in the journal Human Relations. Specifically, participants within the study who had done a favor for the experimenter rated the experimenter as much more likable than those who had received a favor or had no interaction at all. With this study, Jecker and Landy were able to provide proof for the effect. This strongly suggests that the things that we do are more likely to shape our beliefs than the inverse (相反). In other words, when we act generously, we unconsciously convince ourselves that we must care for the recipient in some way or another. The Ben Franklin effect suggests that our actions can build connections far more reliably than just our emotions alone. This has profound meanings for romantic relationships, friendships, family dynamics and even healing old wounds. Offering a small favor to someone you feel slightly distant from can be a gentle yet effective way to reopen the connection. However, the inverse is also true: if you never put in effort, your pride will only create emotional distance. 61. Which of the following agrees with the Ben Franklin effect? A. Warm relations lead to generosity. B. Generous behavior wins popularity. C. Good deeds deserve greater rewards. D. Acts of kindness establish closer ties. 62. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The motive for helping the people we dislike. B. The underlying logic of reducing discomfort. C. The psychological process behind the effect. D. The method of managing cognitive dissonance. 63. Jecker and Landy’s experiment seems to tell us that ________. A. experimenters rate helpful participants higher B. emotions heal scars more effectively than actions C. behavior is a contributor to the formation of ideas D. people prefer to care for the recipient before donation 64. What does the author stress in the last paragraph? A. Potential implications of the effect. B. Supporting evidence for the effect. C. The further interpretation of the effect. D. The negativity of the inverse of the effect. 【答案】61. D 62. C 63. C 64. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了“本·富兰克林效应”及其心理机制与现实启示。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“After doing someone a favor, you begin to like them more, despite having felt neutral or indifferent about them beforehand.(帮别人一个忙之后，你会开始更喜欢他们，尽管在此之前你对他们感觉平淡或漠不关心)”可知，本·富兰克林效应强调帮助行为能拉近人际距离。D项“Acts of kindness establish closer ties(善意之举建立更紧密的联系)”与之相符。 【62题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Psychologists identified that the cognitive ( 认知的) mechanism underlying this intuitive social shift was, in fact, cognitive dissonance (失调). In simple terms, cognitive dissonance occurs when our behaviors are inconsistent with our beliefs. In turn, our minds unconsciously adjust our attitudes to reduce the discomfort this inconsistency brings on.(心理学家指出，这种直觉性社会转变背后的认知机制，实际上就是认知失调。简单来说，当我们的行为与信念不一致时，就会产生认知失调。反过来，我们的大脑会无意识地调整我们的态度，以减轻这种不一致所带来的不适感)”可知，本段主要阐释了该效应背后的心理运作过程。 【63题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“This strongly suggests that the things that we do are more likely to shape our beliefs than the inverse.(这有力地表明，我们所做的事比相反的情况更有可能塑造我们的信念)”可知，实验证明了行为对观念形成的推动作用。 【64题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The Ben Franklin effect suggests that our actions can build connections far more reliably than just our emotions alone. This has profound meanings for romantic relationships, friendships, family dynamics and even healing old wounds.(本·富兰克林效应表明，我们的行动比单纯的感情更能可靠地建立联系。这对恋爱关系、友谊、家庭动态甚至愈合旧伤都具有深远意义)”可知，作者在此强调了该效应的广泛应用价值。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $