Unit 1 Back to School 单元巩固练习 -2026-2027学年牛津译林版（2020）高中英语必修第一册

**基本信息** 以高中生活与学习成长为主线，融合AI辅助学习、睡眠管理等时代性素材，全面考查单元核心词汇与语法，注重语言能力提升与思维品质培养。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|4篇16题|单元词汇（如challenge、potential）、主旨归纳|C篇睡眠与学习、D篇AI辅助学习体现科技前沿，设细节理解、推理判断等梯度题| |完形填空|15题|动词（set、realize）、名词（effort、confidence）|通过学生成绩提升叙事，考查上下文逻辑与词汇运用| |语法填空|15题|定语从句、时态（过去完成时）、比较级|直接考查单元语法点，如“the+最高级”“it作形式主语”| |七选五|5题|语篇衔接（如also、over time）|围绕“高中生活建议”，考查段落主旨与逻辑连贯|

高一英语必修一 Unit 1 单元巩固练习 正文中词汇表内的单元词汇以黑体显示 第一部分　阅读理解（共4篇，16小题） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A When I stepped into my new school on a bright September morning, I felt excited and nervous at the same time. Everything was new: the tall teaching buildings, the friendly faces and, most of all, the challenges ahead of me. On the first day, our headteacher gave us a short but powerful speech. "Senior high school is the start of a three-year journey," she said. "The path before you leads to a world full of challenges. However, for those of you with a positive mind, opportunity lies in each challenge. When you rise to the challenges, you will have the chance to acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal growth." At first, I did not fully understand her words. Soon, life itself became my teacher. Maths problems got harder, English passages got longer, and there were far more subjects than in junior high. After I failed my first physics test, my confidence fell suddenly. I began to think that maybe I was not smart enough for senior high school. My physics teacher noticed the change in me. Instead of criticizing me, she helped me analyse my papers and set a clear goal for each week. "It is not talent but continuous effort that makes a difference," she told me. Following her advice, I made a study plan, corrected my mistakes one by one and asked questions whenever something was unclear. Two months later, I got an A in physics. More importantly, I finally understood what my headteacher meant: potential is not something you are born with and wait for; it is something you develop by facing difficulties bravely. The road ahead is long, but every small step counts. 1．How did the writer feel on the first day of senior high school? A．Proud and satisfied.　B．Excited and nervous.　 C．Bored and tired.　D．Calm and confident. 2．What does the phrase "rise to" in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Give up.　B．Deal with.　C．Run away from.　D．Laugh at. 3．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．The writer did better in senior high than in junior high. B．The writer found senior high school easier than expected. C．The writer lost confidence after failing a test. D．The writer decided to give up physics completely. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．A Difficult Physics Test　 B．My First Day at School　 C．Challenges Are Doors to Growth　D．How to Please Your Teachers B Your senior high school offers far more than classrooms and textbooks. To truly realize your potential, it is necessary to make the most of the resources around you. First, take full advantage of your classes. Listen actively instead of copying notes without thinking. When a question comes up, raise your hand or visit your teachers after class. Most teachers are more than happy to help students who show real interest in learning. Second, learn from your classmates. Everyone has his or her own strengths. Some are talented in maths, while others shine in English or physics. By studying together and explaining problems to each other, you not only help others but also deepen your own understanding. As a saying goes, "Teaching others teaches yourself." Third, make use of school facilities. The library is a quiet world full of books, where you can broaden your horizons for free. The science lab allows you to test what you have learned in class. Even the playground helps you keep a balance between study and health. Finally, join one or two school clubs. There are various activities for you to choose from, such as the literature club, the chess club and the volunteering team. Regular club activities will improve your communication and problem-solving skills and help you grow into a well-rounded individual. Of course, resources mean nothing unless you use them. A library card left in a drawer, for example, is just a piece of plastic. The door to your potential is always open; the key, however, is in your own hands. 5．What should you do when a question comes up in class according to the passage? A．Wait for the teacher to explain it later. B．Copy your classmates' notes after class. C．Raise your hand or ask the teacher after class. D．Keep it to yourself and work it out at home. 6．The saying "Teaching others teaches yourself" in Paragraph 3 probably means ＿＿＿. A．teaching is more important than learning B．explaining problems to others also helps you understand better C．teachers can learn more from their students D．students should become teachers in the future 7．Why does the writer mention "a library card left in a drawer" in the last paragraph? A．To show that library cards are useless. B．To advise students to borrow fewer books. C．To complain about poor school facilities. D．To prove that resources work only when used. 8．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．How to Use the Library Well B．School Clubs Are the Best Choice C．The Key to Your Potential Lies in Your Hands D．Good Teachers Make Good Students C Many senior high students see sleep as something they can cut when homework piles up. They stay up late, drink coffee to keep themselves able to focus, and try to make the most of every minute. Scientists, however, say this is a costly mistake. For years, researchers have studied what happens in the brain during sleep. Their findings are surprising: sleep is not a period of doing nothing. While we sleep, the brain keeps working on the knowledge we acquired during the day. It sorts out new information, connects it with what we already know and stores it in long-term memory. In other words, a good night's sleep helps us improve our memory instead of wasting time. Lack of sleep harms learning in other ways too. Experiments show that students who sleep less than six hours a night have more trouble paying attention in class. Their reaction time slows down, and they are more likely to make careless mistakes in exams. As a result of long-term sleep loss, some of them even lose confidence in their abilities and become anxious about their studies. So how can students get enough sleep while keeping up with their schoolwork? Experts offer three tips. First, stick to a regular timetable: going to bed and getting up at the same time makes a difference to your body clock. Second, keep mobile phones out of the bedroom, because the light from screens tricks the brain into thinking that it is still daytime. Third, take a short nap of about twenty minutes after lunch if you feel sleepy in the afternoon. Sleep is not the enemy of study; it is part of it. If you want to realize your potential, treat sleep as a resource, not a cost. 9．According to the passage, what does the brain do while we sleep? A．It stops working completely. B．It sorts out and stores new information. C．It forgets everything learned during the day. D．It needs more and more coffee to work. 10．What does the underlined word "costly" in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Cheap.　B．Smart.　C．Harmful.　D．Common. 11．What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A．Students who sleep less may do worse in exams. B．Six hours of sleep is enough for every student. C．Coffee helps students remember more words. D．Careless mistakes have nothing to do with sleep. 12．What is the writer's attitude towards students' staying up late to study? A．Supportive.　B．Doubtful.　C．Disapproving.　D．Uncaring. D Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing the way senior high students learn. From apps that explain grammar rules to programs that mark essays, AI tools have become resources that many students take advantage of every day. How do these tools work? Most learning apps collect the exercises a student has done and look for details in the mistakes. Then they design personalized exercises that fit the student's own level. If a student keeps confusing two words, for example, the app will create more practice sentences with those words until the problem is solved. Some apps can even record how long a student focuses on each task and remind them when it is time to take a break. The advantages are clear. Learners can study at any time and at their own speed, which makes them more independent. They can acquire knowledge in a way that suits their own style of learning, and shy students who dare not ask questions in class may feel freer to ask an app. Over time, regular practice with such tools can improve both accuracy and confidence. However, experts warn that AI is not a magic key. Language learning is a social activity: talking with teachers and classmates helps students develop thinking and communication skills that no app can offer. There is another danger, too. If students depend on an AI tool too much, they may simply copy its answers and give up the effort of finding out the truth themselves. The advice from researchers is simple: treat AI as a helpful assistant, check its answers with your teachers, and keep asking questions of your own. Technology can open a door to your potential, but you are the one who must walk through it. 13．What can most learning apps do according to the passage? A．Teach students face to face. B．Design exercises that fit each student's level. C．Replace teachers in the classroom. D．Do homework for students. 14．What does the underlined word "personalized" in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Designed for each person. B．Very expensive. C．Too difficult for students. D．The same for everyone. 15．What can we infer from Paragraph 4? A．AI tools can fully replace classroom learning. B．Students should copy AI answers to save time. C．Depending on AI tools too much may weaken independent thinking. D．Communication skills can best be learned from apps. 16．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．AI: A Helpful Assistant in Learning B．How to Write a Good Essay C．Why Teachers Are Better Than Apps D．The End of Traditional Classrooms 第二部分　七选五（共5小题） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Make the Most of Your Senior High School Years Senior high school is a key stage in your life. What you do in these three years may shape your future. Here are some useful tips to help you realize your potential. ＿17＿ A clear goal is like a lighthouse in the sea: it tells you where to go when you feel lost. Write your goals down and put them where you can see them every day. Make a practical plan. Big goals should be broken into small daily tasks. ＿18＿ Twenty new words a day, for example, means more than seven thousand words a year. Take an active part in school life. Join a club, play in a match, or enter a speech contest. ＿19＿ You will also make friends who share the same interests. Learn from everyone around you. Your teachers, classmates and even your competitors can be your resources. ＿20＿ Keep a positive attitude. There will be difficult days: failed tests, lost games and misunderstandings. ＿21＿ Remember: it is your attitude, not the situation itself, that decides how far you will go. Believe in yourself, and you will grow into a well-rounded individual. A．When you feel low, talk to someone you trust and look on the bright side. B．Don't play computer games too much, or you will waste your precious time. C．Set clear goals first. D．A small step every day will lead to great progress over time. E．These activities can improve your communication skills and build your confidence. F．Never be afraid to ask questions, because every question opens a door to knowledge. G．Money is not the most important thing at school. 第三部分　完形填空（共15小题） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 The first English test of my senior high school life came back, and my score was far from satisfying. Sitting by the window, I stared at the red marks on my paper and ＿22＿ where I had gone wrong. In junior high, English had never been a problem for me. But senior high turned out to be a ＿23＿ different world: longer passages, harder words and much faster classes. I ＿24＿ told myself that things would improve on their own, so I changed nothing about my way of learning. They didn't. My second test was even worse. One afternoon, I gathered my ＿25＿ and went to Ms Chen, our English teacher, for help. To my surprise, she didn't blame me. ＿26＿, she asked me a simple question: "Do you make the most of your time after class?" I shook my head. Then she ＿27＿, "Potential is like a seed. It will not grow by itself. You must water it with continuous ＿28＿." Her words ＿29＿ me deeply. That evening, I made a detailed study plan and ＿30＿ a clear goal for each week: twenty new words a day, one extra passage every two days, and ten minutes of listening ＿31＿ bedtime. Whenever I wanted to give up, I would ＿32＿ myself of Ms Chen's words and stick to my plan. Slowly, things began to ＿33＿. My scores climbed from the bottom of the class to the top ten. Looking back, I realize that the real ＿34＿ in senior high school is not the subjects but ourselves. Challenges are ＿35＿ at every stage of life, and they never disappear when we close our eyes. Only when we face them bravely and take action can we truly ＿36＿ our potential. 22．A．checked　B．wondered　C．forgot　D．regretted 23．A．slightly　B．completely　C．hardly　D．nearly 24．A．simply　B．hardly　C．nearly　D．widely 25．A．pride　B．courage　C．interest　D．curiosity 26．A．Instead　B．Otherwise　C．Therefore　D．Besides 27．A．complained　B．repeated　C．added　D．shouted 28．A．talent　B．luck　C．effort　D．money 29．A．troubled　B．hurt　C．touched　D．confused 30．A．set　B．missed　C．lost　D．hid 31．A．during　B．before　C．after　D．against 32．A．warn　B．inform　C．remind　D．rob 33．A．end　B．change　C．return　D．matter 34．A．challenge　B．subject　C．secret　D．difference 35．A．absent　B．natural　C．strange　D．rare 36．A．realize　B．remember　C．report　D．refuse 第四部分　单句语法填空（共15小题） 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 37．English is one of ＿＿＿ most important subjects in senior high school. 38．＿＿＿ is important for us to set clear goals at the beginning of the term. 39．Senior high school is quite different ＿＿＿ junior high school, so you need time to get used to it. 40．Last term, my teacher encouraged me ＿＿＿ (take) an active part in class discussions. 41．By the end of last month, we ＿＿＿ (learn) about one thousand English words. 42．The girl ＿＿＿ won the speech contest is my deskmate. 43．I will never forget the days ＿＿＿ we studied together in the school library. 44．＿＿＿ (compare) with junior high, senior high requires more independent thinking. 45．He didn't pass the exam, ＿＿＿ made his parents quite worried. 46．The new school has modern ＿＿＿ (facility) such as a large library and science labs. 47．At first I lacked ＿＿＿ (confident) when speaking English, but my teacher's encouragement helped a lot. 48．We should keep a positive attitude ＿＿＿ life whatever happens. 49．＿＿＿ (fortunate), I caught the last bus and got home safely. 50．It was in the school library ＿＿＿ I met my primary school teacher yesterday. 51．The more careful you are, the ＿＿＿ (few) mistakes you will make. 第五部分　参考答案与详解 一、参考答案 阅读理解：1-4　BBCC　　5-8　CBDC　　9-12　BCAC　　13-16　BACA 七选五：17-21　CDEFA 完形填空：22-26　BBABA　　27-31　CCCAB　　32-36　CBABA 语法填空：37. the　38. It　39. from　40. to take　41. had learned　42 .who/that　 43.when　44. Compared　45. which　46. facilities　47. confidence　48. towards/to　 49. Fortunately　50. that　51. fewer 二、阅读理解详解 1．B　细节理解题。由第一段"I felt excited and nervous at the same time"可知，作者开学第一天既兴奋又紧张。A、C、D三项均与原文不符。 2．B　词义猜测题。由该句"opportunity lies in each challenge. When you rise to the challenges, you will have the chance to acquire great knowledge"可知，直面试题挑战才能获得知识，故 rise to 意为"处理、应对"，相当于 deal with。 3．C　细节理解／推理题。由第三段"After I failed my first physics test, my confidence fell suddenly"可知，作者物理考试失利后自信心下降，甚至怀疑自己不够聪明，故选C。 4．C　主旨大意题。全文讲述作者面对高中挑战从失去信心到勇敢应对、最终成长的经历，呼应校长"opportunity lies in each challenge"的观点；B项只是开头细节，A、D项以偏概全。 5．C　细节理解题。由第二段"When a question comes up, raise your hand or visit your teachers after class"可直接得出答案。 6．B　词义（句意）猜测题。该谚语出现在"By studying together and explaining problems to each other, you not only help others but also deepen your own understanding"之后，意为"给别人讲题也能加深自己的理解"，故选B。 7．D　推理判断题。末段指出"resources mean nothing unless you use them"，被丢在抽屉里的借书卡只是"一块塑料片"，作者借此证明：资源只有被使用才发挥作用，故选D。 8．C　主旨大意题。全文围绕"充分利用学校资源来发掘潜能"展开，结尾"the key is in your own hands"点明主旨；A、B项均为文中细节，D项偏离主题。 9．B　细节理解题。由第二段"It sorts out new information, connects it with what we already know and stores it in long-term memory"可知，睡眠时大脑仍在整理并储存白天获得的新信息，故选B。 10．C　词义猜测题。首段先列举熬夜、靠咖啡提神等做法，科学家却称这是"a costly mistake"；结合第三段所述睡眠不足对注意力、反应速度与考试表现的危害，costly 意为"代价高的、有害的"，与 harmful 最接近。 11．A　推理判断题。第三段指出睡眠不足的学生上课更难集中注意力、反应变慢、考试中更易犯粗心错误，可推知睡眠少的学生考试成绩可能更差，故选A；B项"六小时对每个学生都够"文中无据，C、D项与文意相反。 12．C　情感态度题。作者称熬夜学习是"a costly mistake"，并在结尾强调"treat sleep as a resource, not a cost"，可见作者对熬夜学习持不赞同态度，故选C（disapproving 不赞同的）。 13．B　细节理解题。由第二段"they design personalized exercises that fit the student's own level"可知，学习类 App 能根据学生自身水平设计个性化练习，故选B；A、C、D项均与第四段"AI 不是万能钥匙"的观点相矛盾。 14．A　词义猜测题。由下句举例"如果学生总是混淆两个单词，App 就会用这两个词生成更多练习句，直到问题解决"可知，personalized 意为"为每个人量身定做的"，故选A。 15．C　推理判断题。第四段指出"如果学生过度依赖 AI 工具，就可能只是照抄答案、放弃自己查明真相的努力"，可推知过度依赖 AI 会削弱独立思考能力，故选C。 16．A　主旨大意题。全文既说明 AI 辅助学习的优势，也指出其局限，结论是"把 AI 当作得力助手"（treat AI as a helpful assistant），A项最贴合文意；B项与主题无关，C、D项只涉及文章的一个方面。 三、七选五详解 17．C　本段主题句。由后文"A clear goal is like a lighthouse...Write your goals down"可知，本段讲"先设定明确目标"，C项概括全段主旨且与下文衔接自然。 18．D　由前句"Big goals should be broken into small daily tasks"及后文举例"Twenty new words a day"可知，此处强调每天一小步、日积月累，D项中"over time"正是点睛之词。 19．E　本段讲参加学校活动。由"Join a club, play in a match, or enter a speech contest"及"You will also make friends"可知，E项说明这些活动对能力与自信的好处，also 表递进衔接。 20．F　本段讲向身边人学习。F项"不要害怕提问"与"Your teachers, classmates...can be your resources"衔接，说明利用资源的具体方式。 21．A　本段讲保持积极心态。由"failed tests, lost games and misunderstandings"和"Keep a positive attitude"可知，A项"情绪低落时，向信任的人倾诉，往好处看"承接上文。 B项（少玩电脑游戏）与"参加活动"话题无关，G项（金钱）全文未涉及，均为干扰项。 四、完形填空详解（夹叙夹议） 22．B　考查动词辨析。盯着试卷上的红叉，"纳闷（wondered）自己哪里出了错"，符合首考失利的语境。 23．B　考查副词辨析。初中到高中反差巨大，completely different（完全不同）呼应后文"longer, harder, faster"。 24．A　考查副词辨析。作者"只是（simply）"自我安慰情况会自行好转，却什么也不做，为下文再次失利埋伏笔。 25．B　考查名词辨析。去找老师求助需要鼓起"勇气（courage）"，gather one's courage 为常用搭配。 26．A　考查逻辑连词。老师没有责备，"反而（Instead）"提了一个简单的问题，前后语义转折。 27．C　考查动词辨析。老师提问之后接着说种子之喻，用 added（补充道）衔接对话。 28．C　考查名词辨析。种子要用水浇灌，潜能要用持续的"努力（effort）"浇灌，比喻呼应全文主旨。 29．C　考查动词辨析。老师的话深深"打动（touched）"了我，才有了当晚制定计划之举；troubled/hurt/confused 均不合语境。 30．A　考查动词搭配。set a clear goal（设定明确目标）为固定搭配，呼应单元词汇。 31．B　考查介词辨析。"睡前（before bedtime）"听十分钟英语录音，符合学习计划的常理。 32．C　考查动词搭配。remind sb. of sth.（提醒某人想起某事），想放弃时用老师的话提醒自己，呼应词汇表。 33．B　考查动词辨析。成绩从垫底爬升到前十，说明情况开始"改观（change）"。 34．A　考查名词辨析。作者的感悟：真正的"挑战（challenge）"不是各科功课，而是我们自己，引出下文议论。 35．B　考查形容词辨析。挑战在每个阶段都"自然（natural）"存在，不会因闭眼而消失，为下文"唯有勇敢面对"作铺垫。 36．A　考查动词辨析。realize one's potential（发掘潜能）为单元核心短语，全文点题。 五、单句语法填空详解 37．the　"one of the＋最高级＋复数名词"结构，最高级前须加定冠词 the。 38．It　考查 it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式 to set clear goals。 39．from　be different from 为固定搭配，"与……不同"。 40．to take　encourage sb. to do sth.，encourage 后接不定式作宾语补足语。 41．had learned　by the end of last month 表"到过去某一时刻为止"，主句用过去完成时。 42．who／that　考查定语从句，先行词 the girl 指人，从句缺主语，用 who 或 that。 43．when　先行词 the days 表时间，定语从句中不缺主宾，缺时间状语，用关系副词 when。 44．Compared　compared with... 为固定结构"与……相比"，在句中作状语，用过去分词形式。 45．which　考查非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个主句，只能用 which。 46．facilities　facility 意为"设施"时常用复数，such as 后列举多项设施。 47．confidence　lack 是动词，后接名词作宾语；所给词 confident 为形容词，应变为名词 confidence（信心）。 48．towards／to　keep／have a positive attitude towards（to）life 为固定搭配，"对生活持积极态度"。 49．Fortunately　修饰整个句子用副词；fortunate 为形容词，其副词形式为 fortunately（幸运地），注意首字母大写。 50．that　考查强调句型 It was＋被强调部分＋that...，去掉框架后句子仍完整（I met my primary school teacher in the school library yesterday）。 51．fewer　"the＋比较级..., the＋比较级..."结构；mistakes 为可数名词复数，用 few 的比较级 fewer。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $