专题02 Units 4～6（词汇综合练）英语外研版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦词汇综合运用，通过单句到语篇的递进训练，系统提升词汇形、义、用能力，融合语言能力与思维品质培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单句语法填空|30题|考查词形转换、时态、语态等语法应用|从基础词汇变形切入，建立词法规则认知| |单词拼写|20题|根据汉语提示写出单词正确形式|强化词汇音形义对应，夯实基础积累| |完成句子|20题|汉译英句子补全，侧重固定搭配|连接词汇与句式，提升语言表达准确性| |语篇语法填空|3篇|上下文语境中词汇运用，含实词、虚词|从单句到语篇，培养语境分析与逻辑推断能力| |阅读理解|2篇|词汇在语篇中的理解与信息筛选|综合考查词汇应用与语篇解读，提升思维品质|

专题02 Units 4~6（词汇综合练） （建议用时：60分钟） 一、单句语法填空 二、根据汉语意思写出单词的正确形式 三、完成句子 四、语篇语法填空 五、阅读理解 一、单句语法填空 1．It is generally believed that a balanced diet (compose) of various nutrients is essential for good health. 2．To solve these tough problems, we need more (innovation) thinking rather than traditional ways. 3．She draws inspiration from (nature) scenes when she paints. 4．What makes the film special (be) its amazing visual effects. 5．The girl felt (inspire) after she visited the art exhibition last week. 6．He asked me if I had considered (visit) Zhangjiajie with him that weekend. 7．Beethoven is the most famous classical (compose) of the Western world. 8．Farmers of the future are more likely to be (technician) working in control rooms, surrounded by computers and monitors. 9．Just days before the game, Jack’s ankle got seriously (injure) and Louis was asked to take his place. 10．I felt (bore). No energy, no motivation and zero fulfillment (满足感). So I decided to travel. 11．The police have strong reason (suspect) him of the crime, but they still lack solid evidence. 12．However, scientific understanding of the three-dimensional water (move) in this region is still very limited and sometimes even wrong. 13．I (hope) to participate in the seminar, but I was tied up with a series of urgent meetings. 14．Whether or not you agree, the saying does reflect its vital role in the city’s (evolve). 15．Environmentalists and researchers work tirelessly (detect) signs of climate change, pollution, and habitat destruction, so they can take appropriate measures to address these issues.   16．Both sides are (blame) for the misunderstanding and argument. 17．You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but doesn’t seem (come) from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters. 18．My father warned me not to go to the West Coast because it was (crowd) with tourists. 19．The (adapt) of these plants to the saline (含盐的) soil took several generations. 20．It remains (see) whether the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice. 21．The police (search) for the missing tourist in the mountain area since early morning. 22．For years, she (work) with experts from local universities to improve the traditional making methods of the pickled bamboo shoots with modern technologies. 23．Owing to the foggy weather, the (operate) left his hometown alone. 24．The (apply) has experience in teaching, more importantly, in industry. 25．All (candidate) must submit their applications by Friday. 26．The current situation of the family is due to the traffic accident three years ago, which caused a (mass) loss to them. 27．There exist some potential risks if we overshare.One severe problem is leaking privacy, which may cause (economy) losses. 28．People take part in eco­friendly activities because they are (concern) about the health of the environment. 29．Then came the (disturb) news that his grandfather had become seriously ill. 30．Working experience is a necessary (qualify) for this job. 二、单词拼写 31．It is often difficult for young children to understand ________ (抽象的) concepts such as time and space without concrete examples. 32．The young musician spent three years ________ (创作) a symphony that was eventually performed by a world-famous orchestra. 33．After an hour’s walk, he got ______ (使恢复精力) with a glass of iced tea. 34．In __________ (对比) with her sister, she is very tall. 35．When she was wearing that dress, she felt like a ________ (公主). 36．I remember the whole floor seemed to be rocking and I felt as though I were ________ (漂浮) on a river. 37．US slang is hugely diverse thanks to many different ________(民族的) groups that have settled in the country. 38．The police began to ________ (怀疑) that the missing money had been stolen by an insider. 39．Pollution has become a serious and ________(世界性的)problem. 40．The top _______ (种子) won comfortably in the first round. 41．Could you tell me who is to ________ (责备) for the accident? 42．Wind turbines are used to ________ (产生) electricity in an environmentally friendly way. 43．The lab needs a small __________ (样本) of your blood for the test. 44．One interesting and mysterious thing about Shengnongjia is its ___________ (传说) of wild men.   45．Over the course of a few months, Klein had ________ (欺骗) dozens of teenagers out of their money over the Internet. 46．The thieves fled when they were _____________(打扰) by a neighbor. 47．The child, who had lost his way, was found________ (游荡) aimlessly in the streets. 48．China has appealed to the two countries to make a ________(可协商的) project to solve the dispute, not by force. 49．The local government has taken many effective measures to restore the ________(脆弱的) ecological environment in this area. 50．There is no ________ (景色) comparable to that of the West Lake. 三、完成句子 51．A person’s greatest emotional need is _______________________________． 一个人最大的情感需求是感到被欣赏。 52．教育的目的是培养儿童完美的品格。 The purpose of education is ______________________________ in children. 53．________________ if you could play a song on your guitar. 如果你能用吉他弹一首歌就太好了。 54．__________ we went on a trip to The Hague last year __________ this dream came true! 直到我们去年去海牙旅游，这个梦想才实现！ 55．爱因斯坦的相对论是如此抽象，以至于我们大多数人都无法理解它。 Einstein’s Theory of Relativity ____________________ most of us cannot understand it. 56．显然，他的绘画与众不同。 __________________his painting_____________ the rest. 57．____________________ to be standing in front of her at last! 终于站在她面前真是太棒了！ 58．Her eyes are wide and her mouth is parted, just ____________________. 她睁大了眼睛，张大了嘴，好像要说话似的。 59．A great many innovative performances ________________. 派对上有很多新颖的表演。 60．But Darwin’s scientific studies were ___________________________________________ more and more people started to believe his theory. 然而达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。 61．The journey gave him the chance _______________________________________________________________. 这趟旅程给了他研究自然环境中各种生物的契机。 62．As far as I know, he was the first man _____________________. 据我所知，他是第一个通过驾考的人。 63．尽管我们做了充分的准备，这场突如其来的暴风还是打乱了我们的计划。 Although we ______________, the sudden storm still upset our plan. 64．______________________, I clear rubbish left by tourists. 我用绳子系在腰上，清理游客留下的垃圾。 65．We are looking forward to _____________________. 我们期待你的参与。 66．我写信是想申请大堡礁管理员的工作。 I’m writing to ________________ as the caretaker of the Great Barrier Reef. 67．我在报纸上看到了招聘广告。 I ________________ from the newspaper. 68．大卫一个人在街上闲逛，这时有人拍了拍他的肩膀。 David ____________________ someone patted him on the shoulder. 69．虽然地球景色壮观，但太空行走并不像你可能想象的那么激动人心。 _________________, spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think. 70．他整个上午都在听摇滚乐。 He ________________ rock music all the morning. 四、语法填空 （26-27高三上·江西九江·开学考试）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。 Chinese scientists have finished an updated 1:5,000,000-scale geological map of the entire moon, providing a detailed scientific 1 (refer) to advance global lunar research and guide future deep-space missions. Led by researchers from the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, the project draws on 2 (extend) observational data collected throughout the Chang’e lunar exploration program. The main map 3 (measure) 280 centimeters by 120 centimeters, supplemented (补充) by separate geological maps of the moon’s north and south polar regions. It marks more than 13,000 impact craters (撞击坑) and 81 impact basins, while marking 14 4 (category) of geological structures and 17 types of lunar surface rocks. A key achievement is the 5 (revise) timeline of lunar evolution. The research team updated the age boundaries of three ancient lunar geological periods: the Aitkenian Period at 4.33 billion years ago, the Nectarian Period at 4.17 billion years ago, and the Imbrian Period at 3.92 billion years ago. For the first time globally, 6 map lays out clear subdivisions of the moon’s later geological history, allowing scientists 7 (distinguish) different stages of its evolution. 8 (draw) on findings from the Chang’e-4and Chang’e-6 missions, the team identified gabbronorite, a dark, coarse-grained igneous rock, in the South Pole-Aitken Basin. This newly recognized rock provides rare direct evidence of materials 9 originated deep within the moon, revealing fresh clues about the satellite’s internal structure. Experts believe the new map will serve 10 a powerful tool for human exploration of the solar system’s evolution. （25-26高二下·甘肃兰州·期中）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 What’s the first thing you do when you get into your car after it 1 (sit) in the hot sun all day? Open the windows! Well, trees also need windows in their trunks and branches to let air circulate. If you’re thinking “Wait! I learned in biology class that the exchange of gases occurs in the leaves of trees, not the bark”, you are correct. Leaves have tiny holes in their surfaces — called stomata, or “little mouths” — 2 open and close to let tree leaves draw in carbon dioxide 3 release oxygen for photosynthesis (光合作用). But trees also breathe, just as we do, 4 (pull) in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. And breath occurs in the cells of all living tree tissues, not just the leaves. So how can this exchange take place in the parts of trees that aren’t leaves, 5 trunks and branches, tissues that don’t have stomata? It’s a puzzle, because tree bark is the first line of 6 (protect) for a tree. It acts as an impermeable (不可渗透的) layer that prevents insects and diseases from getting to a tree’s interior structures. Think of the trunk of a cherry tree, with its narrow lines etched into the bark. Those lines — called lenticels, or “little windows” — are 7 (actual) doors in the bark that let the tree breathe. These lens-shaped slits in the bark allow gases to pass between living cells on the inside and the air outside. Botanists also use the shape of lenticels 8 (identify) trees. Some trees, like cherry and birch, have really prominent lenticels, but most are 9 (visible) to the human eye. Even if you can’t see them, they’re there, helping trees survive through even the 10 (hot) days they encounter. （26-27高二上·湖南株洲·开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On August 27, videos of floodwaters sweeping through the Taklimakan Desert in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region began trending on social media. These videos showed desert highways being submerged, and about 50 vehicles and around 30,000 appliances were also reported 1 (be) underwater. Despite the many accounts sharing video clips of the 2 (flood) desert, they have been inadequate in raising 3 (aware) about climate change. Misunderstandings also arose, with some people 4 (assume) that the rain was helping to improve the environment in northwest China. Since July 2021, flooding 5 (occur) every summer in the desert, leading to jokes about camels needing to learn to swim. While this kind of humor is light-hearted, 6 claim that climate change will benefit this arid region is not. Although the rain has 7 (temporary) wet parts of the desert, this is not sustainable. Researchers have pointed out that much of the floodwater comes from melting glaciers in the Tianshan Mountains, 8 feed several rivers. Once the glaciers are gone, the rivers will dry up, leaving no 9 (remain) water sources. The flooding is also driven by increased rainfall, but the water has little lasting impact on the local ecology. Therefore, it is misleading to see the flooding in the Taklimakan Desert 10 a sign of potential greening. Climate remains globally changing, requiring worldwide cooperation to reverse its damaging trends. 五、阅读理解 （26-27高三上·山东青岛·开学考试）In recent years, eco-conscious gardening has gained popularity. With so much emphasis on native plants, it is easy to see non-natives as simply a bad choice. However, gardeners say it’s not that simple. Laura Janney, CEO of The Inspired Garden Masterclass, argues that we miss the big picture by thinking in terms of native vs. non-native and assigning opposing moral labels. Instead, we should define “bad plants” as those that are invasive (入侵的) or damaging to local ecosystems, and “good plants” as those that support pollinators (传粉者), are sustainable, and aren’t invasive. The good plants, she adds, “work well in the garden whether they’re native or not.” That said, it’s still helpful to understand why non-native plants can be problematic when not planted thoughtfully. “There’s always a risk that a non-native plant can become invasive outside its native range, meaning it could cause negative impacts by out-competing native species for necessities of survival — especially in the absence of its co-evolved organisms feeding on it that otherwise keep its population in check — introducing pests or diseases, or providing low food and habitat value for native wildlife,” says Amy Karpati, Ph.D．, senior science advisor at Teatown Lake Reservation. Since native plants are being grown in their native climate, once established, they can grow with little extra care. As a result, they are widely promoted as the virtuous choice, which can create pressure to turn a garden into a fully native landscape and guilt when that goal isn’t met. However, experts say a 100% native garden is simply not realistic for most people. A 2018 study of Carolina chickadees (山雀) shows that in areas with less than 70% native plant biomass, the birds could not produce enough young to sustain their populations, but thrived at 70% or higher. This has led to the recommendation that homeowners aim for roughly 70% native plants — a goal that supports wildlife while remaining realistic. “A healthy ecosystem is more important than the pursuit of native purity,” says Shane Pliska, the president and CEO of Planterra. “There is no turning back from the human impact, so we should be more focused on greening our environments with more plants and wooded habitats rather than a historical restoration to what was. Ecosystems evolve.” 1．What does Janney think determines whether a plant is “good” or “bad”? A．Whether it is native to the area. B．Whether it can survive with little care. C．Whether it benefits the local ecosystem. D．Whether it is popular among local gardeners. 2．How can non-native plants cause problems according to paragraph 3? A．By attracting co-evolved organisms. B．By driving away native insect species. C．By destroying habitats for native wildlife. D．By taking resources away from native species. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Risks of uncontrolled plant growth. B．The superiority of native-only gardens. C．A proper target for native plant cover. D．Influences of plants on bird reproduction. 4．What does Pliska imply in the last paragraph? A．Human impact is far-reaching. B．A plant’s role outweighs its origin. C．Native plants have lost their value. D．Past landscapes should be restored. （26-27高三上·重庆·阶段检测）Botanists have known that plants can communicate via chemicals known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). When plants are attacked by pests, the composition of the VOCs they release changes. Previous work has shown that this drives nearby plants to raise their own defences in anticipation of being attacked in turn. What has gone unexplored is whether plants detect VOCs released by their neighbours when they are healthy. So ecologist Velemir Ninkovic decided to run an experiment. Dr. Ninkovic and his colleagues planted three varieties of barley (大麦) that grow at different rates — one quick, one slow, and one middling. The plants were put in growing containers next to one another, but with no way for them to shade their neighbours. The only connection that the plants had to one another was through one-way air channels that connected their growing containers. These allowed the researchers to blow air from one container to the next, and to monitor the effect that this had on the plants over 25 days. The results were striking. The slow-growing barley grew more quickly when it was exposed to air from the containers of its fast-growing cousins, producing 20% more biomass than when it was placed next to slower-growing plants. This, Dr. Ninkovic believes, is because the slow-growing plants were detecting the compounds released by their neighbours and realising that, in the wild at least, they would be at risk of getting shaded out if they did not get a shift on. Fast-growing plants exposed to air from the containers of their slow-growing cousins reacted in the opposite way. With less need to race for the sun, they cut their growth rates notably. While the slow growers were switching resources towards growth, the speedsters were able to spend more of theirs on resource-intensive defensive measures. Barley, in other words, can chemically detect their competitors, and adjust their own growing strategies accordingly. Farmers are already experimenting with using VOCs to boost productivity. Dr. Ninkovic’s results suggest VOCs could be used to stimulate protective compounds when pests are expected, or to accelerate growth when risk is low. 1．What role did the one-way air channels play in the experiment? A．They allowed sharing nutrients. B．They helped defend against pests. C．They regulated experiment conditions. D．They prevented plants’ overshadowing. 2．What does the underlined phrase “get a shift on” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Give in. B．Speed up. C．Move away. D．Watch out. 3．What happened to the fast-growing barley when exposed to air from its rivals? A．They invested more in self-protection. B．They stopped growing to avoid competition. C．They grew faster to maintain their advantage. D．They released more VOCs to warn their rivals. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The role of VOCs in plant defense. B．Why plants grow at different rates. C．How plants keep spying on the competition. D．The benefits of planting crops in different places. 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 Units 4~6（词汇综合练） （建议用时：60分钟） 一、单句语法填空 二、根据汉语意思写出单词的正确形式 三、完成句子 四、语篇语法填空 五、阅读理解 一、单句语法填空 1．It is generally believed that a balanced diet (compose) of various nutrients is essential for good health. 【答案】composed 【详解】句意：人们普遍认为，由多种营养素组成的均衡饮食对身体健康至关重要。that引导的主语从句中已有谓语动词is，空处需用非谓语动词；compose“组成”与逻辑主语diet之间为被动关系，故用过去分词composed作后置定语。 2．To solve these tough problems, we need more (innovation) thinking rather than traditional ways. 【答案】innovative 【详解】句意：为了解决这些棘手的问题，我们需要更多创新思维而非传统方式。形容词innovative表示“创新的”，在句中作定语修饰thinking。 3．She draws inspiration from (nature) scenes when she paints. 【答案】natural 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她画画时会从自然的景色中汲取灵感。空后是名词scenes，需要用形容词修饰；nature的形容词形式是natural，意为“自然的”，符合句子语法和语义要求。故填natural。    4．What makes the film special (be) its amazing visual effects. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：让这部电影与众不同的是它令人惊艳的视觉效果。“What makes the film special”是主语从句，作主语时视为单数概念；本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时，故填is。 5．The girl felt (inspire) after she visited the art exhibition last week. 【答案】inspired 【详解】考查形容词。句意：上周她参观了艺术展览后，感到深受鼓舞。此空在句中作表语，主语the girl是人，用-ed结尾的形容词inspired，意为“受到鼓舞的”，用于描述人的感受。故填inspired。 6．He asked me if I had considered (visit) Zhangjiajie with him that weekend. 【答案】visiting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他问我是否考虑过那个周末和他一起去张家界游玩。consider doing sth.表示“考虑做某事”，此处应用visit“参观，游览”的动名词形式visiting，作宾语。故填visiting。 7．Beethoven is the most famous classical (compose) of the Western world. 【答案】composer 【详解】考查名词。句意：贝多芬是西方世界最著名的古典作曲家。根据空前Beethoven is the most famous classical可知，空处需用表示人的名词，作表语，compose指人名词为composer，且根据主语Beethoven可知，此处应用单数形式。故填composer。 8．Farmers of the future are more likely to be (technician) working in control rooms, surrounded by computers and monitors. 【答案】technicians 【详解】考查名词。句意：未来的农民更有可能成为在控制室工作的技术人员，周围是电脑和显示器。分析句子可知，此空是表语，表达“技术人员”这一职业身份。所给词technician是可数名词，意为“技术人员；技师”。句子主语Farmers为复数形式，表语需与主语在意义上保持一致，technician应用复数形式technicians。故填technicians。 9．Just days before the game, Jack’s ankle got seriously (injure) and Louis was asked to take his place. 【答案】injured 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：就在比赛前几天，杰克的脚踝严重受伤，路易斯被要求代替他的位置。当get表示系动词时，中文含义为“使……变得，变得”，后面可接名词、形容词，或常用作形容词的过去分词作表语。injured“受伤的”符合题意。故填injured。 10．I felt (bore). No energy, no motivation and zero fulfillment (满足感). So I decided to travel. 【答案】bored 【详解】考查形容词。句意为：我感到无聊。没有精力，没有动力，也没有满足感。所以我决定去旅行。此处需要用形容词bored作表语，表示“感到无聊的”。故填bored。 11．The police have strong reason (suspect) him of the crime, but they still lack solid evidence. 【答案】to suspect 【详解】句意：警方有充分的理由怀疑他犯下这一罪行，但他们仍然缺乏确凿的证据。固定搭配have reason to do sth.“有理由做某事”，本空用不定式to suspect作后置定语。 12．However, scientific understanding of the three-dimensional water (move) in this region is still very limited and sometimes even wrong. 【答案】movement 【详解】句意：然而，对该地区三维水流运动的科学认识仍然十分有限，有时甚至是错误的。设空处在“understanding of”之后，与前面的“the three-dimensional water”构成名词短语，整体作of的宾语；该处需要名词与water搭配，move的名词形式为movement。 13．I (hope) to participate in the seminar, but I was tied up with a series of urgent meetings. 【答案】had hoped 【详解】句意：我本希望参加研讨会，但我被一系列紧急会议缠住了。根据“but I was tied up”可知，此处表示本希望做而实际上没有做的事情，应用过去完成时形式had hoped。 14．Whether or not you agree, the saying does reflect its vital role in the city’s (evolve). 【答案】evolution 【详解】句意：无论你是否认同，这句话确实反映了它在城市演变中的重要作用。空处作in的宾语，被the city’s修饰，evolve的名词形式evolution符合题意，意为“演变，逐步发展”，是不可数名词。 15．Environmentalists and researchers work tirelessly (detect) signs of climate change, pollution, and habitat destruction, so they can take appropriate measures to address these issues.   【答案】to detect 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：环保主义者和研究人员不知疲倦地工作，以发现气候变化、污染和栖息地破坏的迹象，以便他们能够采取适当措施解决这些问题。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了发现气候变化、污染和栖息地破坏的迹象”。故填to detect。 16．Both sides are (blame) for the misunderstanding and argument. 【答案】to blame 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：双方都应为这场误会和争执负责。短语be to blame表示“应承担责任”。故填to blame。 17．You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but doesn’t seem (come) from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters. 【答案】to come 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：你必须在“出人意料”与“并非凭空而来”之间取得平衡，让结局既符合人物性格，又显得自然可信。横线前有seem，其固定用法是seem to do“似乎……”，故答案为to come。 18．My father warned me not to go to the West Coast because it was (crowd) with tourists. 【答案】crowded 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我父亲警告我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了游客。be crowded with是固定短语，意为“挤满；充满”， crowded是形容词作表语。故填crowded。 19．The (adapt) of these plants to the saline (含盐的) soil took several generations. 【答案】adaptation/adaption 【详解】考查名词。句意：这些植物适应盐碱土壤历经了好几代的时间。设空处作主语，且被定冠词The修饰，应用名词adaptation/adaption，不可数。故填adaptation/adaption。 20．It remains (see) whether the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice. 【答案】to be seen 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：新成立的委员会的政策能否付诸实施还有待观察。remain to do为固定搭配，且句首的It是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语，与see之间是被动关系，所以空处应用动词不定式的被动式。故填to be seen。 21．The police (search) for the missing tourist in the mountain area since early morning. 【答案】have been searching 【详解】句意：警察们从清晨开始一直在山区搜寻失踪的游客。空处作谓语，结合时间状语“since early morning”可知，时态用现在完成进行时，强调动作从过去持续到现在并可能继续，主语The police意为“警察们”，是一个集合名词，通常视为复数，助动词应用have。 22．For years, she (work) with experts from local universities to improve the traditional making methods of the pickled bamboo shoots with modern technologies. 【答案】has been working/has worked 【详解】句意：多年来，她一直和当地高校的专家合作，运用现代技术改良腌竹笋的传统制作工艺。本句中缺少谓语，设空处应为谓语动词，时间状语For years表示从多年前到现在，且该动作很可能会持续下去，故应用现在完成进行时或现在完成时，主语she为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用has been working/has worked。 23．Owing to the foggy weather, the (operate) left his hometown alone. 【答案】operator 【详解】句意：由于大雾天气，这名操作员独自离开了家乡。定冠词the后需要填入名词作句子主语，动词operate对应的表示人的名词为operator，意为“操作员、操作人员”，契合语境。 24．The (apply) has experience in teaching, more importantly, in industry. 【答案】applicant 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位求职者拥有教学经验，更重要的是，他还具备行业经验。此处应用名词作主语，表示“申请者”，为名词applicant，由has可知，应用单数，故填applicant。 25．All (candidate) must submit their applications by Friday. 【答案】candidates 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：所有候选人必须在星期五之前提交申请。candidate“候选人”为可数名词，被all修饰，应用其复数形式candidates作主语。故填candidates。 26．The current situation of the family is due to the traffic accident three years ago, which caused a (mass) loss to them. 【答案】massive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个家庭目前的状况是由于三年前的那场交通事故，那场事故给他们造成了巨大的损失。设空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词loss，mass的形容词形式是“massive”，表示“巨大的”。故填massive。 27．There exist some potential risks if we overshare.One severe problem is leaking privacy, which may cause (economy) losses. 【答案】economic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果过度分享，就存在一些潜在风险。一个严重的问题是泄露隐私，这可能会造成经济损失。这里需要一个形容词来修饰名词“losses（损失）” ，economy是名词，意为“经济” ，其形容词形式economic意为“经济的”在句中作定语。故填economic。 28．People take part in eco­friendly activities because they are (concern) about the health of the environment. 【答案】concerned 【详解】考查形容词。句意：人们参与环保活动是因为他们关心环境健康。be concerned about是固定短语，意为“关心；担忧”，空处为形容词作表语。故填concerned。 29．Then came the (disturb) news that his grandfather had become seriously ill. 【答案】disturbing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：接着传来了令人不安的消息，他的祖父病得很重。分析句子可知，设空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词“news”，表示“令人不安的”，应用disturbing，符合语境。故填disturbing。 30．Working experience is a necessary (qualify) for this job. 【答案】qualification 【详解】考查名词。句意：工作经验是这份工作的必要资格。空格前有不定冠词a，需要填名词形式作表语。故填qualification。 二、单词拼写 31．It is often difficult for young children to understand ________ (抽象的) concepts such as time and space without concrete examples. 【答案】abstract 【详解】句意：如果没有具体的例子，幼儿通常很难理解时间和空间等抽象概念。根据汉语提示“抽象的”可知，用形容词abstract，作前置定语，修饰名词concepts。 32．The young musician spent three years ________ (创作) a symphony that was eventually performed by a world-famous orchestra. 【答案】composing 【详解】句意：这位年轻的音乐家花了三年时间创作了一部交响乐，这部交响乐最终由一个世界著名的管弦乐队演奏。根据汉语提示“创作”可知，用动词compose；结合固定搭配spend time doing sth.“花费时间做某事”可知，用动名词形式composing。 33．After an hour’s walk, he got ______ (使恢复精力) with a glass of iced tea. 【答案】refreshed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：走了一个小时后，他喝了一杯冰茶，恢复了精力。根据汉语提示“使恢复精力”可知，此处应用动词refresh的过去分词形式refreshed，构成“get + 过去分词”的结构，表示状态的变化，即“变得恢复精力”。故填refreshed。 34．In __________ (对比) with her sister, she is very tall. 【答案】contrast 【详解】考查名词。句意：与她姐姐相比，她很高。根据提示的汉语，表示“对比”为contrast，in contrast with“与……形成对比，与……相比”为固定短语。故填contrast。 35．When she was wearing that dress, she felt like a ________ (公主). 【答案】princess 【详解】考查名词。句意：当她穿着那条裙子时，她觉得自己像个公主。此处应填名词作宾语，根据词义“公主”可知，为princess，它是可数名词，前有a修饰，故填princess。 36．I remember the whole floor seemed to be rocking and I felt as though I were ________ (漂浮) on a river. 【答案】floating 【详解】考查时态。句意：我记得整个地板似乎都在晃动，我觉得自己好像漂浮在河上。根据汉语提示，float动词，表示“漂浮”，由句意和“I were”可知，空处所在句应为过去进行时，表示“我正漂浮在河上”，故空处应用现在分词。故填floating。 37．US slang is hugely diverse thanks to many different ________(民族的) groups that have settled in the country. 【答案】ethnic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于许多不同的民族在美国定居，美国俚语非常多样化。分析句子可知，空处应为形容词，作定语修饰名词“groups”；ethnic形容词，表示“民族的”，符合句意。故填ethnic。 38．The police began to ________ (怀疑) that the missing money had been stolen by an insider. 【答案】suspect 【详解】句意：警方开始怀疑丢失的钱是被内部人员偷走的。根据汉语提示“怀疑”可知，此处应填动词suspect，因为其位于不定式符号to之后，所以应用动词原形。 39．Pollution has become a serious and ________(世界性的)problem. 【答案】worldwide 【详解】考查形容词。句意：污染已经成为一个严重的全球性的问题。problem为名词，需要形容词修饰，故填worldwide。 40．The top _______ (种子) won comfortably in the first round. 【答案】seed 【详解】句意：头号种子选手在第一轮比赛中轻松取胜。根据汉语提示“种子”可知应用名词seed，结合固定表达the top seed表示“头号种子选手”，此处用单数形式。 41．Could you tell me who is to ________ (责备) for the accident? 【答案】blame 【详解】句意：你能告诉我事故的责任是谁吗？根据汉语提示可知短语为be to blame表示“受责备，承担责任”。 42．Wind turbines are used to ________ (产生) electricity in an environmentally friendly way. 【答案】generate 【详解】句意：风力涡轮机被用来以环保的方式发电。根据提示的汉语，此处表示“产生”可用动词generate，此处用于不定式to后，用动词原形generate。 43．The lab needs a small __________ (样本) of your blood for the test. 【答案】sample 【详解】考查名词。句意：实验室需要一小份你的血液样本进行检测。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处应填名词sample“样本”，作动词needs的宾语，由不定冠词a可知，应用名词单数形式。故填sample。 44．One interesting and mysterious thing about Shengnongjia is its ___________ (传说) of wild men.   【答案】legend 【详解】考查名词。句意：神农架一个有趣又神秘的事情是关于野人的传说。根据汉语提示“传说”，对应的名词是legend作表语；此处指单一传说，用单数形式即可。故填legend。 45．Over the course of a few months, Klein had ________ (欺骗) dozens of teenagers out of their money over the Internet. 【答案】cheated 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在几个月的时间里，克莱因通过互联网骗了几十个青少年的钱。根据句子结构，此处缺谓语动词，结合句意和汉语提示可知，表示“欺骗”用cheat，由时间状语Over the course of a few months和had可知，此处是过去完成时，结构是had done，故填cheated。 46．The thieves fled when they were _____________(打扰) by a neighbor. 【答案】disturbed 【详解】考查动词。句意：这伙窃贼受到一位邻居的惊扰后逃跑了。“打扰”用动词disturb。主语they 与disturb之间为被动关系，所以were后用动词的过去分词形式。根据汉语提示及句意，故填disturbed。 47．The child, who had lost his way, was found________ (游荡) aimlessly in the streets. 【答案】wandering 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那个迷路的孩子被发现在街上漫无目的地徘徊。逻辑主语The child与wander之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式作主语补足语。根据汉语提示及句意，故填wandering。 48．China has appealed to the two countries to make a ________(可协商的) project to solve the dispute, not by force. 【答案】negotiable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：中国呼吁两国达成一个可谈判的方案来解决争端，而不是武力。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作定语，根据提示的汉语，表示“可协商的”应为negotiable。故填negotiable。 49．The local government has taken many effective measures to restore the ________(脆弱的) ecological environment in this area. 【答案】delicate 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当地政府采取了许多有效措施来恢复该地区脆弱的生态环境。形容词delicate作定语，修饰名词短语ecological environment。故填delicate。 50．There is no ________ (景色) comparable to that of the West Lake. 【答案】scenery 【详解】考查名词。句意：没有什么景色能与西湖相媲美。结合汉语提示可知，用不可数名词scenery，尤指自然风景。故填scenery。 三、完成句子 51．A person’s greatest emotional need is _______________________________． 一个人最大的情感需求是感到被欣赏。 【答案】to feel appreciated/ to feel (that) he is appreciated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。表示“感到”应用feel，此处使用动词不定式作表语；表示“被欣赏”应用appreciated，过去分词作表语；或者feel后接省略了that的从句，主语为he；谓语动词使用一般现在时的被动语态is appreciated。故填 to feel appreciated/to feel (that) he is appreciated。 52．教育的目的是培养儿童完美的品格。 The purpose of education is ______________________________ in children. 【答案】to develop a fine personality 【详解】考查非谓语动词和名词。“培养”develop，“一个完美的品格”a fine personality，作动词develop的宾语，句子主语是The purpose，表示“目的”，空处作句子表语，应用动词不定式形式作表语。故填to develop a fine personality。 53．________________ if you could play a song on your guitar. 如果你能用吉他弹一首歌就太好了。 【答案】It would be great 【详解】考查虚拟语气和形容词。对比中英文可知，空处表示“就太好了”，空后条件状语从句中could表明是虚拟语气，这个条件并非当前的真实情况，因此主句可表达为“it would be+形容词”，委婉地对一种可能性表达希望或期待，让请求更为礼貌，“好”可用形容词great，且句首单词的首字母需大写。故填It would be great。 54．__________ we went on a trip to The Hague last year __________ this dream came true! 直到我们去年去海牙旅游，这个梦想才实现！ 【答案】 It wasn’t until that 【详解】考查强调句和时态。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“直到……才……”，由“this dream came true”可知，“直到……才……”用强调句，由went可知，时态是一般过去时，“直到……才……”的强调句是It wasn’t until...that，位于句首的单词首字母大写，因此空格处分别是It wasn’t until和that。故填It wasn’t until，that。 55．爱因斯坦的相对论是如此抽象，以至于我们大多数人都无法理解它。 Einstein’s Theory of Relativity ____________________ most of us cannot understand it. 【答案】is so abstract that 【详解】考查形容词，时态，主谓一致和结果状语从句。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“是如此抽象，以至于”，“是”用be动词，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语Theory of Relativity是不可数名词，be动词用is，“抽象”用形容词abstract作表语，“如此……以至于”用so...that...引导的结果状语从句，因此空格处是is so abstract that。故填is so abstract that。 56．显然，他的绘画与众不同。 __________________his painting_____________ the rest. 【答案】 It is distinct/obvious/evident/apparent that is distinct from 【详解】考查固定句型和动词时态。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，表示“显然”应用固定句型It is distinct/obvious/evident/apparent that，It为形式主语，that引导主语从句；表示“与众不同”应用be distinct from，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填①It is distinct/obvious/evident/apparent that；②is distinct from。 57．____________________ to be standing in front of her at last! 终于站在她面前真是太棒了！ 【答案】It was amazing 【详解】考查it作形式主语及形容词。对比中英文可知，空处表示“真是太棒了”，空后为不定式短语，可用固定句型“it be+形容词+to do sth.”表示“做某事是……的”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，此处应该是叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，be动词用was，“太棒了”可用形容词amazing，句首单词的首字母应大写。故填It was amazing。 58．Her eyes are wide and her mouth is parted, just ____________________. 她睁大了眼睛，张大了嘴，好像要说话似的。 【答案】as if she were about to speak 【详解】考查方式状语从句，固定短语和虚拟语气。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“好像要说话似的”，“好像……似的”是as if，“要做某事”是be about to do sth.，as if引导的从句中用虚拟语气，由are可知，此处是与现在相反的事实，从句时态用一般过去时，虚拟语气中的be动词用were，“说话”是speak，因此空格处是as if she were about to speak。故填as if she were about to speak。 59．A great many innovative performances ________________. 派对上有很多新颖的表演。 【答案】will be put on at the party 【详解】考查动词短语和介词短语。对比中英文可知，空处表示“派对上有”，主语为performances，因此空处内容可理解为“在晚会上上演”，描述的应该是将来的情况，时态宜用一般将来时，谓语用will do的形式，“上演”可用动词短语put on，和主语之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，“在晚会上”可用介词短语at the party。故填will be put on at the party。 60．But Darwin’s scientific studies were ___________________________________________ more and more people started to believe his theory. 然而达尔文的科学研究很有说服力，越来越多的人开始接受他的理论。 【答案】so convincing that 【详解】考查状语从句。so+adj+that...为固定句型，表示“如此……以至于……”应用so...that...，引导结果状语从句；表示“有说服力的”应用convincing。故填so convincing that。 61．The journey gave him the chance _______________________________________________________________. 这趟旅程给了他研究自然环境中各种生物的契机。 【答案】to study various living things in their natural environments 【详解】考查非谓语动词。表示“研究”应用study，此处修饰名词chance，需用动词不定式作后置定语；表示“各种生物”应用various living things；表示“在自然环境中”应用 in their natural environments。故填to study various living things in their natural environments。 62．As far as I know, he was the first man _____________________. 据我所知，他是第一个通过驾考的人。 【答案】to pass the driving test 【详解】考查动词、名词短语和非谓语动词。对比中英文可知，空处表示“通过驾考”，“通过”可用动词pass，“驾考”应用名词短语the driving test，且空处作man的后置定语，man前面有序数词the first修饰，后置定语应用不定式形式。故填to pass the driving test。 63．尽管我们做了充分的准备，这场突如其来的暴风还是打乱了我们的计划。 Although we ______________, the sudden storm still upset our plan. 【答案】had made full preparations 【详解】考查动词短语及时态。“做了充分的准备”译为make full preparations。根据“the sudden storm still upset our plan”可知，“做了充分的准备”发生在“打乱”之前，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had made full preparations。 64．______________________, I clear rubbish left by tourists. 我用绳子系在腰上，清理游客留下的垃圾。 【答案】With a rope tied around my waist 【详解】考查with复合结构。“用绳子系在腰上”可以用with复合结构表示；“绳子”翻译为a rope，作介词with的宾语；“系在腰上”翻译为tie around my waist，动词tie与宾语a rope之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词tied作宾语补足语。故填With a rope tied around my waist。 65．We are looking forward to _____________________. 我们期待你的参与。 【答案】your participation 【详解】考查名词。固定搭配look forward to意为“期待”，其中to为介词；根据句意及所给句子可知，此处表示“你的参与”，应用your participation，作宾语。故填your participation。 66．我写信是想申请大堡礁管理员的工作。 I’m writing to ________________ as the caretaker of the Great Barrier Reef. 【答案】apply for the job 【详解】考查固定短语。中英文对比可知缺少“申请工作”；表示“申请”短语为apply for；表示“工作”用名词job，用定冠词the表示特指“大堡礁管理员的工作”。上文为短语write to do sth.。故填apply for the job。 67．我在报纸上看到了招聘广告。 I ________________ from the newspaper. 【答案】have read the job advertisement 【详解】考查动词和时态。根据所给中文句子和英文翻译可知，需翻译部分是“看到了招聘广告”，此处“看”作谓语，用动词read，根据句意，表示“已经看到”之意，用现在完成时，“招聘广告”作宾语，译为“the job advertisement”。故填have read the job advertisement。 68．大卫一个人在街上闲逛，这时有人拍了拍他的肩膀。 David ____________________ someone patted him on the shoulder. 【答案】was wandering in the street alone when 【详解】考查连词和动词。根据汉语可知，空处表示“一个人在街上闲逛，这时”，“正在做某事，就在这时……”可用be doing sth. when…的表达，when引导时间状语从句，结合从句中patted可知，主句时态应用过去进行时，主语David为单数，be动词应用was，“闲逛”因此译为动词wander的现在分词形式wandering，“在街上”可译为介词短语in the street，“一个人”可译为副词alone。故填was wandering in the street alone when。 69．虽然地球景色壮观，但太空行走并不像你可能想象的那么激动人心。 _________________, spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think. 【答案】Splendid as the view of the Earth is 【详解】考查部分倒装和状语从句。表示“虽然”应用as引导让步状语从句；表示“地球景色壮观”应用 the view of the Earth is splendid，且as/though引导让步状语从句时置于句首时，采用形式倒装，即把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。故填Splendid as the view of the Earth is。 70．他整个上午都在听摇滚乐。 He ________________ rock music all the morning. 【答案】has been listening to 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。表示“听（音乐）”应用动词短语“listen to”。结合句意和时间状语all the morning可知，此处时态应用现在完成进行时，表示从过去到现在一直在听音乐。主语是He，助动词用has。故填has been listening to。 四、语法填空 （26-27高三上·江西九江·开学考试）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。 Chinese scientists have finished an updated 1:5,000,000-scale geological map of the entire moon, providing a detailed scientific 1 (refer) to advance global lunar research and guide future deep-space missions. Led by researchers from the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, the project draws on 2 (extend) observational data collected throughout the Chang’e lunar exploration program. The main map 3 (measure) 280 centimeters by 120 centimeters, supplemented (补充) by separate geological maps of the moon’s north and south polar regions. It marks more than 13,000 impact craters (撞击坑) and 81 impact basins, while marking 14 4 (category) of geological structures and 17 types of lunar surface rocks. A key achievement is the 5 (revise) timeline of lunar evolution. The research team updated the age boundaries of three ancient lunar geological periods: the Aitkenian Period at 4.33 billion years ago, the Nectarian Period at 4.17 billion years ago, and the Imbrian Period at 3.92 billion years ago. For the first time globally, 6 map lays out clear subdivisions of the moon’s later geological history, allowing scientists 7 (distinguish) different stages of its evolution. 8 (draw) on findings from the Chang’e-4and Chang’e-6 missions, the team identified gabbronorite, a dark, coarse-grained igneous rock, in the South Pole-Aitken Basin. This newly recognized rock provides rare direct evidence of materials 9 originated deep within the moon, revealing fresh clues about the satellite’s internal structure. Experts believe the new map will serve 10 a powerful tool for human exploration of the solar system’s evolution. 【答案】 1．reference 2．extensive 3．measures 4．categories 5．revised 6．the 7．to distinguish 8．Drawing 9．that/which 10．as 【导语】文章主要介绍中国科学家完成更新版全月1:500万地质图，阐述该地图的数据来源、内容、重要研究成果以及科研价值。 1．考查名词。句意：中国科学家完成了更新版的全月1:500万地质图，为推进全球月球研究、指导未来深空探测任务提供详尽的科学参考。空前scientific为形容词，后应接名词，refer的名词形式为reference，意为“参考”，作宾语。 2．考查形容词。句意：该项目由中国地质科学院地质研究所的研究人员牵头，利用嫦娥探月工程期间收集的大量观测数据。空处修饰名词短语observational data，应用形容词作定语，extend的形容词形式为extensive，意为“大量的，广泛的”。 3．考查谓语动词。句意：这幅主地图尺寸为280厘米×120厘米，另有月球南北极地区独立地质图作为补充。此处measure为不及物动词，表示“尺寸为……”，句子陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语the main map为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数measures。 4．考查名词。句意：它标注了13000多个撞击坑和81个撞击盆地，同时标记14类地质构造以及17种月球表面岩石。空前有数词14，名词category应用复数形式categories。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：一项关键成果是修订后的月球演化时间线。timeline和revise之间是被动关系，此处应用过去分词revised作前置定语，修饰名词timeline，表示“修订后的”。 6．考查冠词。句意：在全球范围内，该地图首次划分出月球后期地质历史的清晰细分阶段，使科学家能够区分月球演化的不同阶段。此处特指上文提到的这份地质图，用定冠词the。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：在全球范围内，该地图首次划分出月球后期地质历史的清晰细分阶段，使科学家能够区分月球演化的不同阶段。allow sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“使某人能够做某事”。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：该团队借鉴嫦娥四号和嫦娥六号任务的研究成果，在南极-艾肯盆地发现了苏长辉长岩，一种深色粗粒火成岩。句中已有谓语动词identified，空处应填非谓语形式；逻辑主语the team与draw之间为主动关系，应用现在分词drawing作状语，句首单词首字母大写。 9．考查定语从句。句意：这种新发现的岩石为源自月球内部深处的物质提供了难得的直接证据，揭示了关于这颗卫星内部结构的全新线索。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词是materials，指物，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词that/which。 10．考查介词。句意：专家认为这份新地图将成为人类探索太阳系演化的有力工具。serve as是固定短语，意为“充当，作为”。 （25-26高二下·甘肃兰州·期中）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 What’s the first thing you do when you get into your car after it 1 (sit) in the hot sun all day? Open the windows! Well, trees also need windows in their trunks and branches to let air circulate. If you’re thinking “Wait! I learned in biology class that the exchange of gases occurs in the leaves of trees, not the bark”, you are correct. Leaves have tiny holes in their surfaces — called stomata, or “little mouths” — 2 open and close to let tree leaves draw in carbon dioxide 3 release oxygen for photosynthesis (光合作用). But trees also breathe, just as we do, 4 (pull) in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. And breath occurs in the cells of all living tree tissues, not just the leaves. So how can this exchange take place in the parts of trees that aren’t leaves, 5 trunks and branches, tissues that don’t have stomata? It’s a puzzle, because tree bark is the first line of 6 (protect) for a tree. It acts as an impermeable (不可渗透的) layer that prevents insects and diseases from getting to a tree’s interior structures. Think of the trunk of a cherry tree, with its narrow lines etched into the bark. Those lines — called lenticels, or “little windows” — are 7 (actual) doors in the bark that let the tree breathe. These lens-shaped slits in the bark allow gases to pass between living cells on the inside and the air outside. Botanists also use the shape of lenticels 8 (identify) trees. Some trees, like cherry and birch, have really prominent lenticels, but most are 9 (visible) to the human eye. Even if you can’t see them, they’re there, helping trees survive through even the 10 (hot) days they encounter. 【答案】 1．has been sitting/has sat 2．that/which 3．and 4．pulling 5．like 6．protection 7．actually 8．to identify 9．invisible 10．hottest 【导语】文章通过类比汽车需要开窗通风，引出树木也需要“窗户”——树皮上的皮孔来进行气体交换，介绍了树木呼吸的原理以及皮孔的作用。 1．考查动词时态。句意：当你的车在烈日下停了一整天后，你上车做的第一件事是什么？根据时间状语“all day”可知，车在太阳下停放是从过去持续到现在的状态，需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。主语是it，应填has been sitting/has sat。 2．考查定语从句。句意：叶子表面有微小的孔——称为气孔，或“小嘴”——它们开合以让树叶吸入二氧化碳并释放氧气进行光合作用。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词stomata，且关系词在从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 3．考查连词。句意：同上。 “draw in carbon dioxide”和“release oxygen”是并列关系，需用连词and连接。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：但树木也像我们一样呼吸，吸入二氧化碳并释放氧气。pull与主语trees之间为主动关系，需用现在分词pulling作伴随状语。 5．考查介词。句意：那么这种交换如何在树木非叶子的部位发生呢，比如树干和树枝？根据句意，trunks and branches是对前面parts的举例说明，需用介词like表示“比如”。 6．考查名词。句意：这确实是个谜，因为树皮是树木抵御外界侵害的第一道防线。介词of后需接名词作宾语，protect的名词形式为protection。 7．考查副词。句意：那些线——称为皮孔，或“小窗户”——实际上是树皮上让树木呼吸的门。空处修饰be动词are，需用副词actually。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：植物学家也利用皮孔的形状来识别树木。use sth. to do sth.为固定用法，意为“用某物来做某事”，需用动词不定式to identify表目的。 9．考查形容词。句意：有些树，如樱桃树和桦树，有非常明显的皮孔，但大多数是肉眼看不见的。根据前文“really prominent”和转折连词but可知，大多数皮孔应该是“看不见的”，需用形容词invisible作表语。 10．考查形容词最高级。句意：即使你看不见它们，它们也在那里，帮助树木度过它们遇到的最炎热的日子。根据空前的定冠词the和句意可知，此处需用形容词最高级hottest。 （26-27高二上·湖南株洲·开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On August 27, videos of floodwaters sweeping through the Taklimakan Desert in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region began trending on social media. These videos showed desert highways being submerged, and about 50 vehicles and around 30,000 appliances were also reported 1 (be) underwater. Despite the many accounts sharing video clips of the 2 (flood) desert, they have been inadequate in raising 3 (aware) about climate change. Misunderstandings also arose, with some people 4 (assume) that the rain was helping to improve the environment in northwest China. Since July 2021, flooding 5 (occur) every summer in the desert, leading to jokes about camels needing to learn to swim. While this kind of humor is light-hearted, 6 claim that climate change will benefit this arid region is not. Although the rain has 7 (temporary) wet parts of the desert, this is not sustainable. Researchers have pointed out that much of the floodwater comes from melting glaciers in the Tianshan Mountains, 8 feed several rivers. Once the glaciers are gone, the rivers will dry up, leaving no 9 (remain) water sources. The flooding is also driven by increased rainfall, but the water has little lasting impact on the local ecology. Therefore, it is misleading to see the flooding in the Taklimakan Desert 10 a sign of potential greening. Climate remains globally changing, requiring worldwide cooperation to reverse its damaging trends. 【答案】 1．to be 2．flooded 3．awareness 4．assuming 5．has occurred/has been occurring 6．the 7．temporarily 8．which 9．remaining 10．as 【导语】文章主要报道了新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠遭遇洪水侵袭的事件，并对此进行了分析和评论，指出洪水虽然带来了暂时的湿润，但并非气候变化的积极迹象，反而凸显了气候变化的复杂性和严峻性。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：视频中沙漠公路被淹没，据报道约50辆车以及大约3万台设备浸泡在水中。be reported to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“据报道……”，空处需填动词不定式to be。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管很多账号转发了这片被洪水淹没的沙漠视频片段，但这些内容并没有充分提升人们对气候变化的认识。提示词flood(淹没)修饰名词desert，作定语，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语desert之间是被动关系，用过去分词flooded表被动。 3．考查名词。句意同上。空处作宾语，需填名词awareness。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：误解也随之产生，有些人想当然地认为这场降雨有助于改善中国西北地区的环境。空处为非谓语动词作with复合结构中宾语补足语；宾语some people和动词assume之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式assuming。 5．考查动词时态。句意：自2021年7月以来，这片沙漠每年夏天都会发生洪水，还衍生出骆驼要学游泳的段子。根据时间状语“Since July 2021”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为flooding，不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式has occurred，也可以理解为从2021年7月以来，该动作一直发生并将持续下去，所以此处也可以使用现在完成进行时has been occurring。 6．考查冠词。句意：虽然这类玩笑轻松有趣，但声称气候变化会惠及这片干旱地区的说法却不容小觑。此处对claim进行特指，需用定冠词the修饰。 7．考查副词。句意：尽管雨水暂时浸湿了沙漠部分区域，但这种情况无法持续。修饰动词wet用副词形式temporarily，作状语。 8．考查定语从句。句意：研究人员指出，大部分洪水来自天山融化的冰川，这些冰川为多条河流补给水源。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为glaciers，指物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。 9．考查形容词。句意：一旦冰川消失，河流将会干涸，不再留有可用水源。修饰空后的名词短语water sources，需用形容词remaining，意为“剩下的”。 10．考查介词。句意：因此，将塔克拉玛干沙漠的洪水视作沙漠有望变绿的信号，是一种误导。固定短语see…as…，意为“将……视作……”，空处需填介词as。 五、阅读理解 （26-27高三上·山东青岛·开学考试）In recent years, eco-conscious gardening has gained popularity. With so much emphasis on native plants, it is easy to see non-natives as simply a bad choice. However, gardeners say it’s not that simple. Laura Janney, CEO of The Inspired Garden Masterclass, argues that we miss the big picture by thinking in terms of native vs. non-native and assigning opposing moral labels. Instead, we should define “bad plants” as those that are invasive (入侵的) or damaging to local ecosystems, and “good plants” as those that support pollinators (传粉者), are sustainable, and aren’t invasive. The good plants, she adds, “work well in the garden whether they’re native or not.” That said, it’s still helpful to understand why non-native plants can be problematic when not planted thoughtfully. “There’s always a risk that a non-native plant can become invasive outside its native range, meaning it could cause negative impacts by out-competing native species for necessities of survival — especially in the absence of its co-evolved organisms feeding on it that otherwise keep its population in check — introducing pests or diseases, or providing low food and habitat value for native wildlife,” says Amy Karpati, Ph.D．, senior science advisor at Teatown Lake Reservation. Since native plants are being grown in their native climate, once established, they can grow with little extra care. As a result, they are widely promoted as the virtuous choice, which can create pressure to turn a garden into a fully native landscape and guilt when that goal isn’t met. However, experts say a 100% native garden is simply not realistic for most people. A 2018 study of Carolina chickadees (山雀) shows that in areas with less than 70% native plant biomass, the birds could not produce enough young to sustain their populations, but thrived at 70% or higher. This has led to the recommendation that homeowners aim for roughly 70% native plants — a goal that supports wildlife while remaining realistic. “A healthy ecosystem is more important than the pursuit of native purity,” says Shane Pliska, the president and CEO of Planterra. “There is no turning back from the human impact, so we should be more focused on greening our environments with more plants and wooded habitats rather than a historical restoration to what was. Ecosystems evolve.” 1．What does Janney think determines whether a plant is “good” or “bad”? A．Whether it is native to the area. B．Whether it can survive with little care. C．Whether it benefits the local ecosystem. D．Whether it is popular among local gardeners. 2．How can non-native plants cause problems according to paragraph 3? A．By attracting co-evolved organisms. B．By driving away native insect species. C．By destroying habitats for native wildlife. D．By taking resources away from native species. 3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Risks of uncontrolled plant growth. B．The superiority of native-only gardens. C．A proper target for native plant cover. D．Influences of plants on bird reproduction. 4．What does Pliska imply in the last paragraph? A．Human impact is far-reaching. B．A plant’s role outweighs its origin. C．Native plants have lost their value. D．Past landscapes should be restored. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】文章主要围绕园艺中的本土与外来植物展开讨论，提出评判植物好坏的标准以及合理的植物配比建议。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Instead, we should define “bad plants” as those that are invasive (入侵的) or damaging to local ecosystems, and “good plants” as those that support pollinators (传粉者), are sustainable, and aren’t invasive.(相反，我们应当把“坏植物”定义为具有入侵性或者破坏当地生态系统的植物，把“好植物”定义为可以供养传粉者、具备可持续性且没有入侵性的植物。)”可知，Janney 判断植物好坏的依据是它是否对当地生态系统有益。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“There’s always a risk that a non‑native plant can become invasive outside its native range, meaning it could cause negative impacts by out‑competing native species for necessities of survival.(外来植物在原生范围之外总有变成入侵物种的风险，这意味着它会通过和本土物种争夺生存必需品而造成负面影响。)”可知，外来植物会抢夺本土物种的生存资源，进而引发问题。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“This has led to the recommendation that homeowners aim for roughly 70% native plants — a goal that supports wildlife while remaining realistic.(这就给出一项建议：住宅园艺目标大约配置百分之七十本土植物，该目标既可以支持野生动物生存，又具备现实可行性。)”可知，本段主要介绍本土植物占比的合理目标。 4．推理判断题。通读最后一段，尤其是最后一段中的““A healthy ecosystem is more important than the pursuit of native purity,” says Shane Pliska, the president and CEO of Planterra. “There is no turning back from the human impact, so we should be more focused on greening our environments with more plants and wooded habitats rather than a historical restoration to what was. Ecosystems evolve.”(“健康的生态系统比追求纯粹本土物种更加重要，”普兰特拉公司总裁兼首席执行官谢恩·普利斯卡说道。人类造成的影响已经无法逆转，因此我们应当更多关注用更多植物与林地栖息地绿化环境，而不是复原过去的样貌。生态系统是不断演化的。)”可知，Pliska暗示植物发挥的实际作用比它的来源更加重要。 （26-27高三上·重庆·阶段检测）Botanists have known that plants can communicate via chemicals known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). When plants are attacked by pests, the composition of the VOCs they release changes. Previous work has shown that this drives nearby plants to raise their own defences in anticipation of being attacked in turn. What has gone unexplored is whether plants detect VOCs released by their neighbours when they are healthy. So ecologist Velemir Ninkovic decided to run an experiment. Dr. Ninkovic and his colleagues planted three varieties of barley (大麦) that grow at different rates — one quick, one slow, and one middling. The plants were put in growing containers next to one another, but with no way for them to shade their neighbours. The only connection that the plants had to one another was through one-way air channels that connected their growing containers. These allowed the researchers to blow air from one container to the next, and to monitor the effect that this had on the plants over 25 days. The results were striking. The slow-growing barley grew more quickly when it was exposed to air from the containers of its fast-growing cousins, producing 20% more biomass than when it was placed next to slower-growing plants. This, Dr. Ninkovic believes, is because the slow-growing plants were detecting the compounds released by their neighbours and realising that, in the wild at least, they would be at risk of getting shaded out if they did not get a shift on. Fast-growing plants exposed to air from the containers of their slow-growing cousins reacted in the opposite way. With less need to race for the sun, they cut their growth rates notably. While the slow growers were switching resources towards growth, the speedsters were able to spend more of theirs on resource-intensive defensive measures. Barley, in other words, can chemically detect their competitors, and adjust their own growing strategies accordingly. Farmers are already experimenting with using VOCs to boost productivity. Dr. Ninkovic’s results suggest VOCs could be used to stimulate protective compounds when pests are expected, or to accelerate growth when risk is low. 1．What role did the one-way air channels play in the experiment? A．They allowed sharing nutrients. B．They helped defend against pests. C．They regulated experiment conditions. D．They prevented plants’ overshadowing. 2．What does the underlined phrase “get a shift on” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Give in. B．Speed up. C．Move away. D．Watch out. 3．What happened to the fast-growing barley when exposed to air from its rivals? A．They invested more in self-protection. B．They stopped growing to avoid competition. C．They grew faster to maintain their advantage. D．They released more VOCs to warn their rivals. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The role of VOCs in plant defense. B．Why plants grow at different rates. C．How plants keep spying on the competition. D．The benefits of planting crops in different places. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍植物可以通过挥发性有机化合物感知邻近同类植株的状态，并据此调整自身的生长策略，科学家通过大麦实验证实了这一现象，该研究结果也对农业生产具有参考价值。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The only connection that the plants had to one another was through one-way air channels that connected their growing containers. These allowed the researchers to blow air from one container to the next, and to monitor the effect that this had on the plants over 25 days. (植株之间唯一的联系是通过连接种植容器的单向空气通道。研究人员可以通过这些通道将空气从一个容器吹到另一个容器，并在25天的时间里监测这对植株产生的影响。)”可知，单向空气通道用于控制实验环境，实现气体传递，方便科研人员开展实验、监测实验效果。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“The slow-growing barley grew more quickly when it was exposed to air from the containers of its fast-growing cousins, producing 20% more biomass than when it was placed next to slower-growing plants. This, Dr. Ninkovic believes, is because the slow-growing plants were detecting the compounds released by their neighbours and realising that, in the wild at least, they would be at risk of getting shaded out if they did not get a shift on. (当生长缓慢的大麦接触到生长速度快的大麦容器内的空气时，它的生长速度会变快，相比生长在其他慢生大麦旁边时，它的生物量产出提高了20%。宁科维奇博士认为，这是因为生长缓慢的植物检测到邻居释放的化合物，并且意识到，至少在野外环境下，如果它们不get a shift on，就会面临被遮挡阳光的风险。)”可知，慢生长大麦感知到快生长邻居后，会加快生长避免被遮蔽，因此短语表达“加速”的含义。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“While the slow growers were switching resources towards growth, the speedsters were able to spend more of theirs on resource‑intensive defensive measures. (当生长缓慢的植株把资源转向生长时，这些生长迅速的植株就能够把更多资源投入到耗费大量资源的防御机制上。)”可知，接触到慢生大麦释放气体的快生大麦会将更多资源用于自我保护。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段“Barley, in other words, can chemically detect their competitors, and adjust their own growing strategies accordingly. (换句话说，大麦可以通过化学方式察觉竞争对手，并相应调整自身生长策略。)”可知，文章主要讲述植物能够通过化学信号感知竞争对手，调整自身生长模式。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $