专题02 Units 3～5（词汇综合练）英语人教版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦词汇综合应用，通过单句到语篇的梯度训练，系统提升词形转换、语境运用及语篇理解能力，融合语言能力与思维品质培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单句语法填空|30题|考查动词-ing、名词、形容词等词形转换|从基础词形变化到语法规则应用| |单词拼写|10题|根据汉语提示写单词，含熟词僻义|强化词汇记忆与精准拼写| |完成句子|10题|语法结构与词汇结合的句子补全|单句层面词汇应用向语境过渡| |语篇语法填空|2篇|语境中综合考查语法与词汇|从单句到语篇的词汇逻辑衔接| |阅读理解|2篇|结合词汇理解的语篇信息提取|词汇应用到语篇理解的能力升华|

专题02 Units 3~5（词汇综合练） （建议用时：60分钟） 一、单句语法填空 二、根据汉语意思写出单词的正确形式 三、完成句子 四、语篇语法填空 五、阅读理解 一、单句语法填空 1． (discuss) with classmates helps solve problems quickly. 【答案】Discussing 【详解】句意：和同学讨论有助于快速解决问题。空格处在句中充当主语，动名词作主语表示经常性、习惯性的动作，位于句首首字母大写。 2．I hold the firm belief that you will have a (reward) experience there. 【答案】rewarding 【详解】句意：我坚信你在那里会拥有一段有意义的经历。空格后为名词experience，需要使用形容词对其进行修饰，所给名词reward对应的形容词形式rewarding意为“有益的、有意义的、值得的”，符合语境。 3．So (master) English means we can see the world through a new window. 【答案】mastering 【详解】句意：因此，掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一扇新窗户看世界。空处在句中作主语，应用动名词形式；master的动名词形式为mastering。 4．You will need to know the age of the (adopt) child first of all. 【答案】adopted 【详解】句意：首先你需要了解这名被收养孩子的年龄。空处需填形容词作定语，adopt作动词，表示“收养”，过去分词adopted相当于形容词，表示“被收养的”。 5． (speak) English is a very important skill in the work. 【答案】Speaking 【详解】句意：​在工作中，说英语是一项非常重要的技能。speak为动词，需转换为动名词形式speaking作主语。置于句首，首字母大写。 6．Computers have replaced televisions as our most popular form of (entertain). 【答案】entertainment 【详解】句意：电脑已经取代电视，成为我们最受欢迎的娱乐方式。介词of后面需要接名词。entertain是动词，意为“娱乐；款待”；名词形式entertainment表示“娱乐活动；娱乐”，为不可数名词。 7．Much to the (amuse) of passers-by, the passengers on the bus are dancing and singing. 【答案】amusement 【详解】句意：令路人感到非常有趣的是，公交车上的乘客们正在跳舞唱歌。结合空前的Much to the和空后的介词of可知，要将amuse变成名词amusement；much to the amusement of sb.是固定短语，表示“令某人感到非常有趣的是”，amusement作抽象名词，不可数。 8．What is (appeal) to me is the way he acts and speaks. 【答案】appealing 【详解】句意：吸引我的是他做事和说话的方式。设空处在主语从句中作表语，需用形容词。appeal的形容词形式appealing表示“吸引人的”。 9．His face and movements (rare) betrayed a sign of nerves. 【答案】rarely 【详解】句意：他的面部神情和动作极少流露出紧张的迹象。 空格修饰动词betrayed，应当使用副词。形容词rare的副词形式为rarely，表示“极少地”。 10．As far as I'm concerned, it is no good （waste） much time on computer games. 【答案】wasting 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：就我而言，在电脑游戏上浪费太多时间是没有好处的。“it is no good doing sth.” 是固定句型，意为 “做某事没有好处”，其中 it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动名词短语。因此空格处应填 waste 的动名词形式 wasting。故答案为 wasting。 11．Sales rose after the announcement, (demonstrate) consumers’ confidence in the new leader. 【答案】demonstrating 【详解】句意：公告发布后销量上升，显示出消费者对新领导的信心。句中已有谓语rose，空处作非谓语动词，demonstrate与逻辑主语Sales rose after the announcement之间为主动关系，空处应用现在分词demonstrating作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。 12．I’m looking forward to (pay) a visit to the Bird’s Nest. 【答案】paying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我期待着参观鸟巢。look forward to是固定短语，其中to是介词，后面需要接动名词形式paying作宾语。故填paying。 13．At first, he refused to say sorry, but he ended up (apologize). 【答案】apologizing 【详解】考查动名词。句意：起初，他拒绝道歉，但最后还是道歉了。end up doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“以做某事告终”，这里用动名词apologizing作end up的宾语。故填apologizing。 14．There is a growing (tend) among young people to remain unmarried. 【答案】tendency 【详解】考查名词。句意：年轻人中不结婚的趋势日益明显。空处在there be句型中需用名词作主语；tend的名词为tendency“趋势”，可数名词，由空前不定冠词a可知，空处名词需用单数。故填tendency。 15．There were over 40 residents, all (occupy) one wing of the building. 【答案】occupying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有40多名居民，都占据着大楼的一翼。“all _____ (occupy) one wing of the building”是独立主格结构，作伴随状语，occupy(占据)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语all之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填occupying。 16．When he accidentally knocked over the coffee onto his boss’ shirt during the meeting, he felt extremely (embarrass) and quickly apologized. 【答案】embarrassed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在会议期间，他不小心把咖啡洒在了老板的衬衫上，他感到非常尴尬，随即赶紧道歉。根据句子的主语he和空格前的系动词felt可知，空格处应该用形容词embarrassed作表语，表示“感到尴尬的”，符合题意。故填embarrassed。 17．It’s hard to draw a borderline between free advice and marketing because opinions (vary) from person to person. 【答案】vary 【详解】考查动词。句意：很难在免费建议和营销之间划清界限，因为意见因人而异。空处所在句缺少谓语动词，句子描述的是客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语opinions为复数，谓语动词用原形vary，表示“不同，有差异”。故填vary。 18．Mary is going to graduate from the University, and she is on the way to   (become) a teacher. 【答案】becoming 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：玛丽即将从大学毕业，她正在成为一名教师的路上。on the way to是固定短语，意为“在……的路上”，其中to是介词，接动名词becoming，作宾语。故填becoming。 19．She suggested (hold) a class meeting to discuss how to improve our team cooperation. 【答案】holding 【详解】考查动名词。句意：她建议召开一次班会来讨论如何提高我们的团队合作。suggest doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“建议做某事”，suggest后接动名词作宾语，所以填holding。故填holding。 20．The machine needs (repair) because it has been used for many years. 【答案】repairing/to be repaired 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这台机器需要修理，因为它已经用了很多年了。need doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“某物需要被……”，此处为主动形式表被动含义；也可用need to be repaired，表示“某物需要被……”。故填repairing/to be repaired。 21．On June 27,2012, the Jiaolong reached a (deep) of 7062 meters in Pacific Ocean. 【答案】depth 【详解】考查名词。句意：2012年6月27日，蛟龙号到达了太平洋7062米深处。由冠词a和介词of修饰，用名词。故填depth. 22．The more (alternative) there are, the more difficult the choice will be. 【答案】alternatives 【详解】句意：可供选择的办法越多，做选择就会越困难。 比较级The more后接名词，括号内alternative作名词意为 “可供选择的事物；备选方案”，是可数名词，表示众多备选方案，要用复数形式alternatives。 23．To work out the problem of water (short) at present, we can try to process the salty water. 【答案】shortage 【详解】句意：为了解决目前水资源短缺的问题，我们可以尝试对咸水进行处理。介词of后面需要接名词构成所属结构，形容词short对应的名词形式shortage意为“短缺、不足”，water shortage是固定表达，意为“水资源短缺”。 24．Being exposed to the (chemist) will make it difficult for the old men to breathe. 【答案】chemical 【详解】句意：接触这种化学物质会使老人呼吸困难。作宾语，表示“化学物质”用名词chemical，此处为特指用单数。 25．A diet lacking in (nutrition) value will not keep a person healthy. 【答案】nutritional 【详解】句意：缺乏营养价值的饮食无法维持人的健康。此处需要使用形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词value，名词nutrition的形容词形式是nutritional，意为“营养的”，nutritional value是固定搭配，表示“营养价值”。 26．With great determination, she (overcome) all the challenges in the past decade. 【答案】has overcome 【详解】句意：她以极大的决心，克服了过去十年中的所有挑战。结合后文in the past decade可知表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时，主语为she，助动词用has。 27．We will refund your money to you in full if you are not (entire) satisfied. 【答案】entirely 【详解】句意：如果您不是完全满意，我们将全额退款给您。空处修饰形容词satisfied，应用副词作状语；提示词entire为形容词，意为“全部的，整个的”，其副词形式为entirely，意为“完全地，彻底地”。 28．His dream of becoming a doctor has finally turned into (real). 【答案】reality 【详解】句意：他成为医生的梦想终于变成了现实。作into宾语，用名词形式reality。turn into reality是固定搭配，意为“变成现实”。 29．The (consume) of fossil fuels has led to a series of environmental problems that require immediate solutions. 【答案】consumption 【详解】句意：化石燃料的消耗导致了一系列需要立即解决的环境问题。提示词作主语，有定冠词The限定，用名词形式consumption作主语，意为‌“消耗”，不可数名词。 30．The rapid (expand) of the city brought both opportunities and challenges. 【答案】expansion 【详解】句意：这座城市的快速扩张带来了机遇，也带来了挑战。 空格前形容词rapid修饰名词，expand是动词，意为“扩张”，其名词形式为expansion，是不可数名词。 二、单词拼写 31．In fact, it is no use ________ (抱怨) that you don’t have an opportunity to get an ideal job. 【答案】complaining 【详解】句意：事实上，抱怨自己没有机会得到理想的工作是毫无意义的。根据汉语提示可知，表示“抱怨”可用动词complain，且此处用动名词形式complaining构成固定句型It is no use doing sth，意为“做某事是没用的”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动名词短语。 32．Seeing the ________ (可爱的) pandas rolling on the grass, the children couldn’t help laughing. 【答案】 cute/lovely/adorable 【详解】句意：看到可爱的熊猫在草地上打滚，孩子们忍不住笑了起来。根据汉语提示“可爱的”可知，空处应填入形容词cute、lovely或adorable，在句中作前置定语修饰名词pandas。 33．A _____(安排) a wedding is troublesome. You need to take a lot of things into account. 【答案】Arranging 【详解】考查非谓语作主语。分析句子可知，本句缺少主语，所以安排一个婚礼要用动词的ing形式，因此填Arranging。 34．_____________ (误解) others produces fear and hate. I think effective communication skills can solve it. 【答案】Misunderstanding 【详解】考查名词。句意：误解别人产生恐惧和憎恨。我认为有效的沟通技巧能解决误解。动名词作主语，用于句首首字母大写。故填Misunderstanding。 35．Ideas will come to you easily and some will prove to be ________ (极佳的). 【答案】superb 【详解】句意：你很容易就会产生一些想法，而且有些想法会被证明是极佳的。根据汉语提示“极佳的”和空格前的be动词可知，空格处应用形容词superb作表语。 36．I‘m ___________(惭愧得) to say that I didn’t finish the work for my laziness. 【答案】ashamed 【详解】考查固定表语。句意：我很惭愧，因为懒惰我没有完成工作。分析句子可知，本空在句中作表语， “惭愧的”为形容词“ashamed”，因此ashamed。 37．History has ___________（目击）the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. 【答案】witnessed 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：历史见证了莎士比亚戏剧在世界上各种主要语言中层出不穷的作品。分析句子可知，句子为现在完成时，根据句意，所以填witnessed。故填witnessed。 38．As long as we are united, there is no difficulty we cannot__________ .(克服) 【答案】overcome 【详解】考查动词。句意：只要我们团结一致，就没有克服不了的困难。根据句意和其前的情态动词cannot可知，此处填动词原形overcome 。 39．There are ______ (广泛的) concerns over food safety in the country. 【答案】widespread 【详解】句意：食品安全在这个国家引起了广泛关注。根据提示的汉语，表示“广泛的”为形容词widespread修饰名词concerns。 40．There is no point _________ (使确信) him of Tina’s honesty because he just doesn’t believe in any person in the company. 【答案】convincing 【详解】句意：说服他相信Tina的诚实是没有意义的，因为他根本不相信公司里的任何人。根据提示的汉语，表示“使确信”为动词convince，There is no point doing表示“做……是没有意义的”，所以此处使用动名词形式convincing。 三、完成句子 41．骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。 ________________, don’t forget to look at the traffic lights. 【答案】While cycling 【详解】引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”且动作持续用while；表示“骑自行车”用cycle，此处和主语之间为主动关系，省略主语和be动词，用现在分词形式。 42．后悔过去的错误是没有用的。 It is no use ________. 【答案】regretting your past mistakes 【详解】根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“后悔过去的错误”；“后悔”翻译为regret，“过去的错误”翻译为your past mistakes，It is no use doing sth是固定句型，整体翻译为regretting your past mistakes。 43．________is banned in our country. 虐待学生在我们国家是被禁止的。 【答案】Abusing students 【详解】“虐待学生”为“abuse students”,动名词作宾语。首字母大写。 44．我知道作为高中生我得更加努力地学习，学会承担更多的责任。 I know I’ll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to _______ _______ ______ a lot more. 【答案】 being responsible for 【详解】表示“承担……的责任”可用固定短语be responsible for，空前get used to中的to为介词，后接名词或动名词形式，因此be动词需用动名词形式being。 45．显然，这些都是他们适应环境的结果。 ________________, these resulted from their ________________. 【答案】 Apparently adjusting/ adjustments to their surroundings 【详解】考查副词和名词或动名词。根据句意，第一空表示“显然”，需用副词“apparently”作状语，修饰整个句子，位于句首，首字母需大写；第二空表示“适应环境”，“适应”可译为adjust to作介词from的宾语，此处使用动名词形式或使用名词短语adjustments to，“环境”译为“their surroundings”作介词to的宾语，所以“适应环境”表达为“adjusting to their surroundings”或“adjustments to their surroundings”。故填①Apparently②adjusting/adjustments to their surroundings。 46．尽管你在学习中文时可能会有一些困难，但是永远不要放弃练习。 Although you may ________________, never give up practising. 【答案】have some difficulty in learning Chinese 【详解】考查动词短语和动名词。根据句意以及句子结构可知，“有困难做某事”常用固定搭配 “have difficulty in doing sth.”，“学习中文”是“learn Chinese”，动名词形式为“learning Chinese”，“一些困难”用“ some difficulty”，因此填入“have some difficulty in learning Chinese”，符合句子结构和语义要求。故填have some difficulty in learning Chinese。 47．What the young man likes and wants to do ________. 这位年轻人所喜欢的及想做的事就是在家打电脑游戏。 【答案】is playing video games at home 【详解】考查名词、动词和短语。根据上文what引导的主语从句可知，本句时态为一般现在时，表示“是”要用be动词is；根据句意可知，表示“打电脑游戏”可用短语play video games，且此处用短语的动名词形式做表语；表示“在家”可用短语at home；故填is playing video games at home。 48．真正重要的是我们分享的善意，而不是我们捐赠的金钱数量。 _________ is the kindness we share, _________ the sum of money we donate. 【答案】 What really matters rather than 【详解】空①需要主语来表达“真正重要的事物”，可以使用what引导主语从句，what在从句当中充当主语，“有重要性”用动词matter表示，描述客观情况用一般现在时，really起到副词修饰动词matters的作用，表示“真正”。空②要表达“而不是”的含义，应用介词短语rather than。 49．The scientific method ________ ________ ________ observation, hypothesis, experimentation, and conclusion. 科学方法由观察、提出假设、实验和得出结论组成。 【答案】 is comprised of 【详解】考查固定搭配。表示“由……组成”用固定搭配be comprised of，描述客观规律用一般现在时，主语为单数。故填①is②comprised③of。 50．最重要的是有机会拓宽我的视野以及结交更多的新朋友。 What matters most is the opportunity to ________________________ as well as make more new friends. 【答案】expand my horizons 【详解】考查固定搭配。根据中英文，设空处表示“拓宽我的视野”，应用expand one’s horizons表示，这里表示“我的视野”，应用my。空前有不定式符号to，后面跟动词原形。故填expand my horizons。 四、语法填空 （25-26高二上·河北沧州·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A national park is an area set aside by a national government for the preservation of the natural environment. It may be for 1 (purpose) of public recreation and enjoyment or because of its historical or 2 (science) interest. Most of the landscapes and their 3 (accompany) plants and animals in a national park are kept in their natural state. It is generally thought that 4 concept of a national park originated in the United States in 1870 and that the world’s first such park was Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming. 5 (part) inspired by the American example, movements in favour of national parks sprang up in many other countries, beginning with Canada, 6 established its first three national parks in the mid-1880s. Great Britain established the administrative machinery for both national parks and nature reserves in 1949. China’s efforts 7 (protect) the ecosystem can be traced back to 1956, marked by the 8 (establish) of Dinghu Mountain National Nature Reserve. The first national park in China dates back 9 June 2007, with the formation of Pudacuo National Park in Shangri-La, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunan Province. So far, China 10 (build) nearly 20 types of diverse and functionally varied natural conservation areas at all levels and in all types. 【答案】 1．purposes 2．scientific 3．accompanying 4．the 5．Partly 6．which 7．to protect 8．establishment 9．to 10．has built 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国家公园的定义、起源、发展以及中国在生态系统保护方面的努力和成就。 1．考查名词复数。句意：它可能是为了公共娱乐和享受的目的，或者是因为它的历史或科学价值。‌“for purpose of...”是固定短语，意为“为了……的目的”，根据其后“public recreation and enjoyment or because of its historical...”可知，应用复数形式表示多种目的。故填purposes。 2．考查形容词。句意：它可能是为了公共娱乐和享受的目的，或者是因为它的历史或科学价值。提示词修饰名词interest，用形容词scientific作定语，意为“科学的”，与historical并列。故填scientific。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：国家公园里的大多数景观及其附带的动植物都保持自然状态。 accompany(陪同；伴随)作定语修饰名词词组plants and animals，用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语plants and animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填accompanying。 4．考查冠词。句意：人们普遍认为，国家公园的概念起源于1870年的美国，世界上第一个这样的公园是怀俄明州的黄石国家公园。‌根据后置定语“of a national park”可知，特指国家公园的概念，用定冠词the限定，表示特指。故填the。 5．考查副词。句意：部分受到美国例子的启发，许多其他国家也兴起了支持国家公园的运动，首先是加拿大，它在19世纪80年代中期建立了首批三个国家公园。提示词修饰动词inspired，用副词partly作状语，意为“部分地”；句首单词首字母大写。故填Partly。 6．考查定语从句。句意：部分受到美国例子的启发，许多其他国家也兴起了支持国家公园的运动，首先是加拿大，它在19世纪80年代中期建立了首批三个国家公园。‌“ ____ established its first three national parks in the mid-1880s”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Canada，关系词将其代入定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国保护生态系统的努力可以追溯到1956年，以鼎湖山国家级自然保护区的建立为标志。‌“(protect) the ecosystem”作后置定语，protect(保护)用非谓语形式，且名词efforts后常用不定式作后置定语，表示“……的努力”。故填to protect。 8．考查名词。句意：中国保护生态系统的努力可以追溯到1956年，以鼎湖山国家级自然保护区的建立为标志。提示词作介词by的宾语，用名词establishment，意为“建立，设立”，不可数名词。故填establishment。 9．考查介词。句意：中国的第一个国家公园可以追溯到2007年6月，当时云南省迪庆藏族自治州香格里拉市成立了普达措国家公园。‌“date back to...”是固定短语，意为“追溯到……”，其中to是介词。故填to。 10．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经在各级和各类建立了近20种多样化和功能各异的自然保护区。build(建立)是谓语动词，结合时间状语‌“So far”可知，讲述从过去持续到现在的动作，谓语动词用现在完成时，主语是专有名词China，谓语动词用单数形式。故填has built。 （25-26高二上·广东梅州·阶段检测）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Are some facial expressions universal across cultures? Imagine walking into a hotel lobby (大厅) in a foreign country. You’re tired from a long journey, but you don’t have a room 1 (book). The hotel looks busy, but you’re hopeful there’s a room available. Before approaching the clerk at the desk, you stop to study her face, 2 (assess) her level of friendliness. She looks pleasant, so you decide to approach, but first you take care to put on a smile, hoping 3 (perceive) as friendly. Reading facial expressions 4 (be) a common means of interpreting what people are thinking or feeling, particularly across a language barrier. While the basic 5 (interpret) of an expression may hold true across cultures, learned behavior 6 (pattern) do affect the way people interpret facial expressions differently. For example, a smile is 7 (universal) interpreted as an indicator of happiness, and friendliness. But the way it is used among cultures can carry different meanings. Some cultures perceive that Americans use their smiles too much, raising questions of insincerity. And in some Asian cultures, a smile can be used to overcome an uncomfortable or anxiety-causing situation, 8 , to other cultures, may seem inappropriate. Communicating across a language barrier can be difficult, but remembering that our drawing conclusions according 9 facial expressions can help. So next time you are tired in a foreign hotel lobby, think about your facial expression: a relaxed face and gentle smile may get you 10 good night’s sleep. 【答案】 1．booked 2．assessing 3．to be perceived 4．is 5．interpretation 6．patterns 7．universally 8．which 9．to 10．a 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以酒店场景引入指出表情解读是跨语言交流方式，也提及文化差异影响解读，建议关注表情助交流。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：你经过长途旅行后很累，但你还没有预订房间。此处a room（房间）与 book（预订）之间是被动关系，即房间被预订，所以应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填booked。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：在走向前台工作人员之前，你停下来观察她的脸，评估她的友好程度。句子的谓语动词是 stop，assess（评估）与逻辑主语you之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作伴随状语。故填assessing。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：她看起来很和蔼，所以你决定走过去，但首先你特意露出微笑，希望被认为是友好的。hope to do sth “希望做某事”；此处you与perceive之间是被动关系，所以应用不定式的被动式to be perceived。故填to be perceived。 4．考查主谓一致。句意：阅读面部表情是解读人们想法或感受的一种常用手段，尤其是在跨越语言障碍的情况下。句子的主语是Reading facial expressions（解读面部表情），动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式；文章整体时态为一般现在时，所以此处be动词用is。故填is。 5．考查名词。句意：虽然对表情的基本解释可能在不同文化中都适用，但习得的行为模式确实会影响人们对面部表情的不同理解。空处作主语，basic（基本的）是形容词，形容词后应接名词，interpret（解读，理解）的名词形式是interpretation。故填interpretation。 6．考查名词的复数形式。句意：虽然对表情的基本解释可能在不同文化中都适用，但习得的行为模式确实会影响人们对面部表情的不同理解。pattern（模式，方式）是可数名词，根据谓语动词do可知，主语应为复数形式，所以pattern应用复数patterns。故填patterns。 7．考查副词。句意：例如，微笑被普遍认为是幸福和友好的象征。此处需要一个副词来修饰动词interpreted，universal（普遍的）的副词形式是universally“普遍地”。故填universally。 8．考查定语从句。句意：在一些亚洲文化中，微笑可以用来克服不舒服或引起焦虑的情况，而在其他文化中，这可能是不合适的。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子a smile can be used to overcome an uncomfortable or anxiety-causing situation，且关系词在从句中作主语，所以应用关系代词which。故填which。 9．考查固定短语。句意：跨越语言障碍的交流可能很困难，但记住我们根据面部表情得出结论是有帮助的。according to是固定短语，意为“根据，按照”，符合此处“根据面部表情得出结论”的语境。故填to。 10．考查不定冠词。句意：所以，下次当你在一家外国酒店的大堂感到疲倦时，想想你的面部表情：一个放松的脸和温柔的微笑可能会让你睡个好觉。a good night’s sleep是固定表达，意为“一夜好眠”，此处表示泛指“一个”，且good是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以应用不定冠词a。故填a。 五、阅读理解 （25-26高二下·广西桂林·期末）When scientist J. Craig Venter and his team announced in 2010 that they had created the first cell controlled by a fully synthetic genome (合成基因组), it marked a turning point in how scientists think about life. For the first time, DNA had been written on a computer and used to control a living cell. The achievement suggested something deep: Life might not only be understood but designed. This achievement laid the foundation for synthetic biology. By combining biology and engineering, synthetic biology seeks to design and build new biological systems or redesign existing ones for useful purposes. Rather than only observing how life works, scientists use tools such as DNA synthesis and genetic (基因的) engineering to “program” cells to perform specific tasks. This field has led to promising and practical outcomes. Researchers have engineered microbes to produce lifesaving drugs such as qinghaosu, develop sustainable biofuels, and detect environmental poisons, as well as break down environmental wastes. Despite this progress, synthetic biology has not fully realized its early goals. One major reason is the complexity of living systems. Early approaches to synthetic biology treated cells as computer systems, where components could be predictably exchanged. In practice, the parts of biological systems depend closely on each other. Gene (基因) interactions are difficult to predict, and results observed in controlled laboratory conditions do not always work to real-world environments. As technology advances, new moral and security concerns have emerged in synthetic biology. The same tools used to design beneficial organisms could potentially be misused to create harmful ones or unintentionally damage ecosystems. As these tools become more accessible, technology changes faster than people can make rules for it. Although synthetic biology has not yet delivered a world of fully programmable organisms, its impact is clear. It has changed how scientists study life and how society imagines its future. This suggests that science is learning, carefully and not perfectly, to create life. 1．What can be learned about Venter’s 2010 research? A．Life has been controlled in labs. B．Humans can interpret life and reshape it. C．Scientists have uncovered most secrets of life. D．DNA can be completely designed by computers. 2．What benefits does synthetic biology bring? A．All digitally-driven cells. B．Special tools in life observation. C．Waste removal machines. D．Products in medicine and energy. 3．Why have synthetic biology’s early goals not been totally realized? A．For the need of more scientists. B．For the poor laboratory conditions. C．For the complex living systems. D．For the outdated computer systems. 4．What potential risk comes along with synthetic biology? A．Application in wrong ways. B．Challenge to classic biology. C．Arguments over relevant laws. D．Destruction of existing organisms. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】文章介绍了2010年Venter团队合成基因组细胞的突破性实验，阐释合成生物学的定义与现实应用价值，接着分析该领域未能完全达成早期目标的核心原因，然后指出技术发展伴随的道德与安全隐患。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“The achievement suggested something deep: Life might not only be understood but designed.(这项成就揭示了一个深刻道理：生命或许不仅可以被理解，还能够被设计)”可知，人类能够解读生命并且重塑生命。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers have engineered microbes to produce lifesaving drugs such as qinghaosu, develop sustainable biofuels, and detect environmental poisons, as well as break down environmental wastes.(研究人员改造微生物来生产青蒿素这类救命药物、研发可持续生物燃料、检测环境毒物以及降解环境废弃物)”可知，合成生物学有益于药物、生物能源。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Despite this progress, synthetic biology has not fully realized its early goals. One major reason is the complexity of living systems.(尽管取得这些进步，合成生物学尚未完全实现早期目标。一个主要原因是生命系统的复杂性)”可知，生命系统十分复杂，因此合成生物学的早期目标没有完全实现。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“The same tools used to design beneficial organisms could potentially be misused to create harmful ones or unintentionally damage ecosystems.(用来设计有益有机体的同类工具，存在被滥用制造有害生物、或是无意破坏生态系统的可能性)”可知，合成生物学存在被错误应用的潜在风险。 （25-26高二上·湖北黄石·期末）Popular views about body language often stress its use for catching lies or spotting hidden negative actions. This approach promotes the idea that specific gestures act as universal “tells” — such as faster blinking indicating a potential lie. However, research challenges this view. A 2023 study of TV quiz show contestants demonstrates the danger in treating physical responses as reliable indicators of a specific intention. While people do blink faster under stress, this simply signals a stress response, not a declaration of intention to lie. Stress is multi-determined: it could arise from trying to recall the truth, construct a lie, or simply find the right answer. Furthermore, blinking also slows during intense concentration and speeds up when processing questions. In brief, it is a response to what is happening, not a clear marker of truthfulness. This example illustrates a fundamental principle: individual body language cues (暗示)are multi-determined. Crossing one’s arms might signal defensiveness, but it could equally mean a person is cold, tired, or simply comfortable. Therefore, seeking definite “tells” is misguided. Instead, body language is more reliably used to answer broader relational questions: Is this person open or resistant? A friend or an enemy? These assessments of general attitude are where nonverbal communication proves valuable. Reliability increases significantly in familiar contexts. We are reasonably good at reading the signals of people we know well — like family or long-time colleagues — especially when they experience strong emotions. That’s because you know how that person normally acts, and thus spotting a variation from the norm is relatively easy and reliable. Ultimately, becoming a skilled interpreter requires moving beyond “tells.” One must pay attention to both what people say and how they say it, integrating verbal and nonverbal cues over time. It’s simply good listening. 1．What does the research show about blinking faster? A．It always indicates a person is lying. B．It shows a person is thinking hard. C．It is a sign of stress, but not necessarily lying. D．It means a person is trying to defend himself. 2．What is the author’s purpose in discussing the example of crossing arms? A．To prove that specific gestures are reliable. B．To show multiple meanings of a single gesture. C．To demonstrate the importance of body language. D．To argue that body language is undoubtedly truthful. 3．In what situation would body language be most reliably interpreted according to the text? A．A traveler guessing if a foreign shop owner is honest. B．A policeman judging a suspect in the first-time enquiry. C．A teacher noticing his student’s red eyes from weeping. D．A manager interpreting crossed arms from an interviewee. 4．What does the passage mainly discuss? A．When we can rely on body language. B．What hides behind specific gestures. C．Why body language can tell the truth. D．How to read body language reliably. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讨论了肢体语言的解读方式，反驳了“特定手势是通用信号”的观点，指出单一肢体语言有多种含义，同时说明如何可靠地解读肢体语言。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While people do blink faster under stress, this simply signals a stress response, not a declaration of intention to lie. Stress is multi-determined: it could arise from trying to recall the truth, construct a lie, or simply find the right answer.(虽然人们在压力下确实会眨眼更快，但这仅仅是一种压力反应的信号，而不是撒谎意图的表明。压力的产生有多种原因：可能是试图回忆真相、编造谎言，或者只是想找到正确答案)”可知，研究表明，眨眼更快是压力的信号，但不一定是在撒谎。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This example illustrates a fundamental principle: individual body language cues (暗示)are multi-determined. Crossing one’s arms might signal defensiveness, but it could equally mean a person is cold, tired, or simply comfortable.(这个例子说明了一个基本原则：单一的肢体语言暗示有多种决定因素。交叉手臂可能表示防御，但也可能意味着一个人很冷、很累，或者只是觉得舒服)”可知，作者讨论交叉手臂的例子，目的是说明单一手势有多种含义。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Reliability increases significantly in familiar contexts. We are reasonably good at reading the signals of people we know well — like family or long-time colleagues — especially when they experience strong emotions. That’s because you know how that person normally acts, and thus spotting a variation from the norm is relatively easy and reliable.(在熟悉的环境中，解读的可靠性会显著提高。我们很擅长解读我们熟悉的人的信号——比如家人或长期共事的同事——尤其是当他们经历强烈情绪时。这是因为你知道那个人平时的行为方式，因此发现与常态的偏差相对容易且可靠)”可知，在熟悉的人经历强烈情绪时，肢体语言的解读最可靠。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段指出大众对肢体语言的普遍观点（特定手势是通用信号），第二段用研究反驳该观点，指出单一肢体语言有多种含义，第三段进一步论证该原则，第四、五、六段说明如何可靠地解读肢体语言（关注整体态度、熟悉语境、结合语言和非语言线索）。结合最后一段中的“Ultimately, becoming a skilled interpreter requires moving beyond “tells.” One must pay attention to both what people say and how they say it, integrating verbal and nonverbal cues over time.(归根结底，要成为一名熟练的解读师，需要超越“信号”。人们必须同时关注人们说什么和怎么说，随着时间的推移整合语言和非语言线索)”可知，本文主要讨论如何可靠地解读肢体语言。故选D项。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 Units 3~5（词汇综合练） （建议用时：60分钟） 一、单句语法填空 二、根据汉语意思写出单词的正确形式 三、完成句子 四、语篇语法填空 五、阅读理解 一、单句语法填空 1． (discuss) with classmates helps solve problems quickly. 2．I hold the firm belief that you will have a (reward) experience there. 3．So (master) English means we can see the world through a new window. 4．You will need to know the age of the (adopt) child first of all. 5． (speak) English is a very important skill in the work. 6．Computers have replaced televisions as our most popular form of (entertain). 7．Much to the (amuse) of passers-by, the passengers on the bus are dancing and singing. 8．What is (appeal) to me is the way he acts and speaks. 9．His face and movements (rare) betrayed a sign of nerves. 10．As far as I'm concerned, it is no good （waste） much time on computer games. 11．Sales rose after the announcement, (demonstrate) consumers’ confidence in the new leader. 12．I’m looking forward to (pay) a visit to the Bird’s Nest. 13．At first, he refused to say sorry, but he ended up (apologize). 14．There is a growing (tend) among young people to remain unmarried. 15．There were over 40 residents, all (occupy) one wing of the building. 16．When he accidentally knocked over the coffee onto his boss’ shirt during the meeting, he felt extremely (embarrass) and quickly apologized. 17．It’s hard to draw a borderline between free advice and marketing because opinions (vary) from person to person. 18．Mary is going to graduate from the University, and she is on the way to   (become) a teacher. 19．She suggested (hold) a class meeting to discuss how to improve our team cooperation. 20．The machine needs (repair) because it has been used for many years. 21．On June 27,2012, the Jiaolong reached a (deep) of 7062 meters in Pacific Ocean. 22．The more (alternative) there are, the more difficult the choice will be. 23．To work out the problem of water (short) at present, we can try to process the salty water. 24．Being exposed to the (chemist) will make it difficult for the old men to breathe. 25．A diet lacking in (nutrition) value will not keep a person healthy. 26．With great determination, she (overcome) all the challenges in the past decade. 27．We will refund your money to you in full if you are not (entire) satisfied. 28．His dream of becoming a doctor has finally turned into (real). 29．The (consume) of fossil fuels has led to a series of environmental problems that require immediate solutions. 30．The rapid (expand) of the city brought both opportunities and challenges. 二、单词拼写 31．In fact, it is no use ________ (抱怨) that you don’t have an opportunity to get an ideal job. 32．Seeing the ________ (可爱的) pandas rolling on the grass, the children couldn’t help laughing. 33．A _____(安排) a wedding is troublesome. You need to take a lot of things into account. 34．_____________ (误解) others produces fear and hate. I think effective communication skills can solve it. 35．Ideas will come to you easily and some will prove to be ________ (极佳的). 36．I‘m ___________(惭愧得) to say that I didn’t finish the work for my laziness. 37．History has ___________（目击）the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. 38．As long as we are united, there is no difficulty we cannot__________ .(克服) 39．There are ______ (广泛的) concerns over food safety in the country. 40．There is no point _________ (使确信) him of Tina’s honesty because he just doesn’t believe in any person in the company. 三、完成句子 41．骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。 ________________, don’t forget to look at the traffic lights. 42．后悔过去的错误是没有用的。 It is no use ________. 43．________is banned in our country. 虐待学生在我们国家是被禁止的。 44．我知道作为高中生我得更加努力地学习，学会承担更多的责任。 I know I’ll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to _______ _______ ______ a lot more. 45．显然，这些都是他们适应环境的结果。 ________________, these resulted from their ________________. 46．尽管你在学习中文时可能会有一些困难，但是永远不要放弃练习。 Although you may ________________, never give up practising. 47．What the young man likes and wants to do ________. 这位年轻人所喜欢的及想做的事就是在家打电脑游戏。 48．真正重要的是我们分享的善意，而不是我们捐赠的金钱数量。 _________ is the kindness we share, _________ the sum of money we donate. 49．The scientific method ________ ________ ________ observation, hypothesis, experimentation, and conclusion. 科学方法由观察、提出假设、实验和得出结论组成。 50．最重要的是有机会拓宽我的视野以及结交更多的新朋友。 What matters most is the opportunity to ________________________ as well as make more new friends. 四、语法填空 （25-26高二上·河北沧州·阶段检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A national park is an area set aside by a national government for the preservation of the natural environment. It may be for 1 (purpose) of public recreation and enjoyment or because of its historical or 2 (science) interest. Most of the landscapes and their 3 (accompany) plants and animals in a national park are kept in their natural state. It is generally thought that 4 concept of a national park originated in the United States in 1870 and that the world’s first such park was Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming. 5 (part) inspired by the American example, movements in favour of national parks sprang up in many other countries, beginning with Canada, 6 established its first three national parks in the mid-1880s. Great Britain established the administrative machinery for both national parks and nature reserves in 1949. China’s efforts 7 (protect) the ecosystem can be traced back to 1956, marked by the 8 (establish) of Dinghu Mountain National Nature Reserve. The first national park in China dates back 9 June 2007, with the formation of Pudacuo National Park in Shangri-La, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunan Province. So far, China 10 (build) nearly 20 types of diverse and functionally varied natural conservation areas at all levels and in all types. （25-26高二上·广东梅州·阶段检测）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Are some facial expressions universal across cultures? Imagine walking into a hotel lobby (大厅) in a foreign country. You’re tired from a long journey, but you don’t have a room 1 (book). The hotel looks busy, but you’re hopeful there’s a room available. Before approaching the clerk at the desk, you stop to study her face, 2 (assess) her level of friendliness. She looks pleasant, so you decide to approach, but first you take care to put on a smile, hoping 3 (perceive) as friendly. Reading facial expressions 4 (be) a common means of interpreting what people are thinking or feeling, particularly across a language barrier. While the basic 5 (interpret) of an expression may hold true across cultures, learned behavior 6 (pattern) do affect the way people interpret facial expressions differently. For example, a smile is 7 (universal) interpreted as an indicator of happiness, and friendliness. But the way it is used among cultures can carry different meanings. Some cultures perceive that Americans use their smiles too much, raising questions of insincerity. And in some Asian cultures, a smile can be used to overcome an uncomfortable or anxiety-causing situation, 8 , to other cultures, may seem inappropriate. Communicating across a language barrier can be difficult, but remembering that our drawing conclusions according 9 facial expressions can help. So next time you are tired in a foreign hotel lobby, think about your facial expression: a relaxed face and gentle smile may get you 10 good night’s sleep. 五、阅读理解 （25-26高二下·广西桂林·期末）When scientist J. Craig Venter and his team announced in 2010 that they had created the first cell controlled by a fully synthetic genome (合成基因组), it marked a turning point in how scientists think about life. For the first time, DNA had been written on a computer and used to control a living cell. The achievement suggested something deep: Life might not only be understood but designed. This achievement laid the foundation for synthetic biology. By combining biology and engineering, synthetic biology seeks to design and build new biological systems or redesign existing ones for useful purposes. Rather than only observing how life works, scientists use tools such as DNA synthesis and genetic (基因的) engineering to “program” cells to perform specific tasks. This field has led to promising and practical outcomes. Researchers have engineered microbes to produce lifesaving drugs such as qinghaosu, develop sustainable biofuels, and detect environmental poisons, as well as break down environmental wastes. Despite this progress, synthetic biology has not fully realized its early goals. One major reason is the complexity of living systems. Early approaches to synthetic biology treated cells as computer systems, where components could be predictably exchanged. In practice, the parts of biological systems depend closely on each other. Gene (基因) interactions are difficult to predict, and results observed in controlled laboratory conditions do not always work to real-world environments. As technology advances, new moral and security concerns have emerged in synthetic biology. The same tools used to design beneficial organisms could potentially be misused to create harmful ones or unintentionally damage ecosystems. As these tools become more accessible, technology changes faster than people can make rules for it. Although synthetic biology has not yet delivered a world of fully programmable organisms, its impact is clear. It has changed how scientists study life and how society imagines its future. This suggests that science is learning, carefully and not perfectly, to create life. 1．What can be learned about Venter’s 2010 research? A．Life has been controlled in labs. B．Humans can interpret life and reshape it. C．Scientists have uncovered most secrets of life. D．DNA can be completely designed by computers. 2．What benefits does synthetic biology bring? A．All digitally-driven cells. B．Special tools in life observation. C．Waste removal machines. D．Products in medicine and energy. 3．Why have synthetic biology’s early goals not been totally realized? A．For the need of more scientists. B．For the poor laboratory conditions. C．For the complex living systems. D．For the outdated computer systems. 4．What potential risk comes along with synthetic biology? A．Application in wrong ways. B．Challenge to classic biology. C．Arguments over relevant laws. D．Destruction of existing organisms. （25-26高二上·湖北黄石·期末）Popular views about body language often stress its use for catching lies or spotting hidden negative actions. This approach promotes the idea that specific gestures act as universal “tells” — such as faster blinking indicating a potential lie. However, research challenges this view. A 2023 study of TV quiz show contestants demonstrates the danger in treating physical responses as reliable indicators of a specific intention. While people do blink faster under stress, this simply signals a stress response, not a declaration of intention to lie. Stress is multi-determined: it could arise from trying to recall the truth, construct a lie, or simply find the right answer. Furthermore, blinking also slows during intense concentration and speeds up when processing questions. In brief, it is a response to what is happening, not a clear marker of truthfulness. This example illustrates a fundamental principle: individual body language cues (暗示)are multi-determined. Crossing one’s arms might signal defensiveness, but it could equally mean a person is cold, tired, or simply comfortable. Therefore, seeking definite “tells” is misguided. Instead, body language is more reliably used to answer broader relational questions: Is this person open or resistant? A friend or an enemy? These assessments of general attitude are where nonverbal communication proves valuable. Reliability increases significantly in familiar contexts. We are reasonably good at reading the signals of people we know well — like family or long-time colleagues — especially when they experience strong emotions. That’s because you know how that person normally acts, and thus spotting a variation from the norm is relatively easy and reliable. Ultimately, becoming a skilled interpreter requires moving beyond “tells.” One must pay attention to both what people say and how they say it, integrating verbal and nonverbal cues over time. It’s simply good listening. 1．What does the research show about blinking faster? A．It always indicates a person is lying. B．It shows a person is thinking hard. C．It is a sign of stress, but not necessarily lying. D．It means a person is trying to defend himself. 2．What is the author’s purpose in discussing the example of crossing arms? A．To prove that specific gestures are reliable. B．To show multiple meanings of a single gesture. C．To demonstrate the importance of body language. D．To argue that body language is undoubtedly truthful. 3．In what situation would body language be most reliably interpreted according to the text? A．A traveler guessing if a foreign shop owner is honest. B．A policeman judging a suspect in the first-time enquiry. C．A teacher noticing his student’s red eyes from weeping. D．A manager interpreting crossed arms from an interviewee. 4．What does the passage mainly discuss? A．When we can rely on body language. B．What hides behind specific gestures. C．Why body language can tell the truth. D．How to read body language reliably. 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $