专题06 阅读理解（说明文）（期中真题汇编，陕西专用）八年级英语上学期

**基本信息** 本试卷为八年级上学期英语期中阅读理解专题汇编，精选陕西多校期中试题，覆盖人与社会（科普知识、节日）、人与自我（日常活动、居住环境）、人与自然（动物植物）三大主题语境，注重真实情境与思维能力考查。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|多篇，每篇3-5题|含家务与脑力关系、蚂蚁生态作用、火烈鸟羽毛成因等科普知识；劳动教育、学校生物展等日常活动；红熊猫保护、太阳花向光性等动植物主题|情境真实（如家庭劳动调查、国际熊猫日），问题层次分明（细节理解如“蚂蚁洞穴词义”、推理判断如“红熊猫近亲”），融合语言能力与思维品质（如“家务与学业关联”推理）|

函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题06阅读理解（说明文） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.C2.B3.B Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.D 主题语境02人与自我-方法与哲理 【答案】1.D2.D3.A 主题语境03人与自我-日常活动 【答案】1.A2.C3.D 主题语境04人与自然-动物与植物 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.B3.D Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.D3.B 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 【答案】1.D2.B3.B 113 函学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 主题语境02人与社会-节日 【答案】1.A2.C3.A4.D 主题语境03人与自我-学校活动 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.D3.B4.A5.C Passage 2 【答案】1.C2.A3.B 主题语境04人与自我-居住环境 【答案】1.C2.B3.A 主题语境05人与自然-动物与植物 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.D3.C Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.C3.B Passage 3 【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.D Passage 4 【答案】1.B2.D3.C 【答案】1.A2.A3.C4.B 拓展培优 主题语境01人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.B3.D4.C 213 可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 Passage 2 【答案】1.A2.B3.D 主题语境02人与自我-节假日活动 【答案】1.B2.A3.B 主题语境03人与自然-动物与植物 【答案】1.C2.C3.B 3/3 专题06 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 （25-26八上·陕西西安交通大学附属中学分校·期中）According to a new study, kids can improve their brainpower (脑力) by cooking, gardening and cleaning the house. It’s a study of 207 children. Scientists have found that housework like making meals and caring for plants had something to do with planning, self-controlling (自我控制) and remembering things. The results were from children aged from 5 to 13 in 2024. The results showed 86 percent of the kids put their dirty clothes in the right place and cleaned up after playing. But only 59 percent made their own beds, just 26 percent sorted clothes after washing and 10 percent helped with cooking. Older children are more likely to do housework than younger ones. Girls do more housework than boys. For example, only 49 percent of the boys but 70 percent of the girls made their own beds. Around 60 percent of the kids, including 50 percent of the boys and 61 percent of the girls, helped do the dishes. Only 34 percent of the kids aged from 5 to 7 did this, but 64 percent of those aged from 11 to 13 helped. “Children who often cook a family meal may be more likely to be good at other ways of life-like schoolwork or problem-solving,” the lead researcher of the study, Ms. Tepper said. 1.From the study, which is true about kids and housework? A. All the kids helped with cooking. B. Few kids made their bed. C. Most kids cleaned up after playing. D. More boys did the dishes than girls. 2.What can we know from Paragraph 4? A. B. C. D. 3.What can we learn from Ms. Tepper’s words? A. Cooking can only help kids with family meals. B. Kids who cook often may do better in schoolwork. C. Problem-solving is more important than cooking. D. Family meals are more important than schoolwork. Passage 2 （25-26八上·陕西咸阳彩虹学校~·期中）How many ants (蚂蚁) are there on the Earth? You could guess “a lot”, and you are right. Scientists recently did a study. They said that ‘the number of the ants on the planet was about 20 quadrillion. That’s 20,000,000,000,000,000 ants. It’s about 2.5 million ants for every human! There are about 12,000 different ant species on the planet. They live in different places—in the house, in the tree or under the ground—nearly everywhere on the Earth. They live in groups and some of their caves are very large. You can’t imagine how such little ants build their large caves. Ants are common insects, but they have some special abilities, including their great communication skills. They use these skills to work together to find food, build their homes, and protect their family members. Ants are important for the environment (环境). They help to break down dead plants and animals, which helps to keep the soil (土壤) healthy. Ants are also important for pollination. They help to pollinate from one plant to another, which helps the plants to grow. What’s more, ants are a kind of important food for many animals. Ants are amazing insects in our world, but some of them are in danger. So we should try our best to protect them. 1.The underlined word “caves” refers to (指的是) “________” in the passage. A. tools B. food C. homes D. eggs 2.What might happen if the number of ants drops a lot? A. The soil will become less healthy. B. More plants will grow faster than before. C. Animals will find more food easily. D. Dead plants will disappear more quickly. 3.How many advantages (优点) of ants does the fourth paragraph mention? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 4.What can we know from the passage? A. Ants are bad for the growth of plants. B. All ant species live underground with their groups. C. Ants have no ability to communicate with each other. D. The number of ants is much larger than that of humans. 主题语境02 人与自我-方法与哲理 （25-26八上·陕西西安碑林区交通大学附属中学·期中）Class: Science Date:17/05/2024 What Should You Do IF You Find a Baby Bird Out of the Nest (巢，窝)? If the bird is HURT: Call the animal center (0-123-4567). OR Carefully pick the bird up and take it to an animal hospital. (Keep it warm and don’t give it any food!) IF the bird is NOT HURT: or IF it has FEW FEATHERS (羽毛): + You CAN reach the nest. → Put the bird back. + If you CAN’T find or reach the nest. → Call the animal center. or If it has FEATHERS: + Just leave it there! (It’s learning how to fly!) People believe birds will give up their babies if they have the smell of people on them. ↓ WRONG! Birds don’t care! 1.Where can you most probably find this passage? A. In a story book. B. In a doctor’s diary. C. In a tourist’s email. D. In a middle school student’s notebook. 2.Why did the author write the text? A. To tell a tale about a bird’s journey. B. To explain how to build a bird’s nest. C. To tell the importance of bird protection. D. To offer advice on handling a found baby bird. 3.If you discover a baby bird without feathers outside its nest and it’s not hurt, we should _______. A. place the bird back in its nest B. allow the bird to be on its own C. call the animal center right away D. take the bird to a veterinary (兽医的) hospital 主题语境03 人与自我-日常活动 （25-26八上·陕西西安益新中学·期中）A study shows how many hours kids from different countries do chores at home every day. Here is the result: As the study shows above, kids from China spend a little time doing chores. Luckily, our country has paid attention to (关注) labor education (劳动教育). People’s Daily also gives us a chore chart (图表) for what chores kids at different ages should do. Kids aged 5 to 6 years old Kids aged 7 to 9 years old Kids aged 10 years old and over Make the bed properly (适当地) Put their own things away Learn to group things… Do the dishes Clean their rooms Get things ready for school… Deep clean their rooms Shop for the festivals Make plans for the family trip… 1.Who spends the least (最少) time doing chores at home, according to the study? A. Kids from China. B. Kids from Japan. C. Kids from France. D. Kids from America. 2.What should 5-year-olds do according to the chart? A. Shop for festivals. B. Clean their rooms. C. Put their things away. D. Do the dishes. 3.What can we know from the text? A. The study shows what chores kids can’t do. B. Kids from Britain never do chores at home. C. Japanese kids spend the most time doing chores. D. Chinese people have realized the importance of labor education. 主题语境04 人与自然-动物与植物 Passage 1 （25-26八上·陕西西安新城区第八十三中学·期中） Flamingos are one of the most interesting birds in the world. They are famous for their beautiful pink feathers and long legs. But do you know why they are pink? The answer lies in their food. Flamingos eat small shrimp and algae (小虾和藻类). These foods have a special natural pigment (天然色系). After eating them, the flamingos’ white feathers slowly turn pink. So, you are what you eat! These birds often live in large groups near lakes. Sometimes, thousands of them live together. Living in a big group helps them stay safe from animals that might want to eat them. Flamingos like to stand on one leg. Why do they do this? Scientists have a few ideas. One popular idea is that it helps them save energy and keep their bodies warm. It might also help them rest one leg at a time. Another amazing thing is their nests (巢穴). They are not like the nests of other birds in trees. Flamingos use mud (泥) to build small hills. The mother lays one egg on top of each mud hill. This special nest keeps the egg safe from water and danger. Flamingos are not just beautiful; they are smart survivors, too. 1.What makes flamingos have pink feathers? A. Their food. B. Their legs. C. The sunshine. D. The temperature. 2.Why do flamingos live in large groups? A. To find more food to eat. B. To keep safe from dangerous animals. C. To help them build better nests. D. To learn how to stand on one leg. 3.Where does mother flamingo lay egg? A. In a tree. B. On the ground. C. In the water. D. On top of a mud hill. Passage 2 （25-26八上·陕西汉中部分学校·期中）The red panda mainly lives in the Eastern Himalayas. People thought that it was a member of the bear family at first, but researchers (研究者) finally grouped the red panda into its own independent (独立的) family from DNA research results. The research also showed that the red panda is a close cousin of the raccoon (浣熊), but it is not close to the giant panda. Red pandas are dying out now. The biggest problem for red pandas is that they are losing their homes. There are some activities around the world to protect red pandas, but they still need more help. To protect red pandas better, it’s necessary to catch more people’s attention. International Red Panda Day was set up for this reason. It is on the third Saturday of September every year. We can do many things for red pandas. We can read a book or watch a video about these amazing animals, join an International Red Panda Day activity near you, or share articles and pictures about red pandas with more people. These actions will let more people care about red pandas and make their living environment better. 1.Which of the following is the most similar in DNA to the red panda? A. The raccoon. B. The bear. C. The giant panda. D. The fox. 2.Why was International Red Panda Day set up? A. To study red pandas more easily. B. To celebrate the discovery of red pandas. C. To make red pandas more popular in zoos. D. To catch people’s attention to protect red pandas. 3.In which part of a magazine (杂志) can we probably read this passage? A. Travel. B. Nature. C. History. D. Culture. 主题语境01 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Why Are Onions Amazing? Onions are round and have different colours like white, yellow and red. They have a strong smell and taste. When we cut them, they can make our eyes water. Many people enjoy eating them, but they are more than tasty. They are useful as well. High in vitamins (维生素), onions give great benefits (益处) to our bodies and help us stay healthy. Why Is It Smelly? A special plant called the corpse flower comes out this month in Australia. You can see a flower like this only once every few years. It smells like bad meat because it draws (吸引) small insects to help it bring the pollen to other places. How Do Plants Work? It’s a quarter past seven. Here’s Worker No.55 in his green clothes. He works in the leaf. He collects sunlight and CO2 during the day. Workers from the root give him water. Then the plant will make sugar. It also makes oxygen. Animals and humans need oxygen to breathe. 1.Onions are useful because ________. A. they have different colours B. they have a strong smell C. they make people cry D. they are good for our bodies 2.The corpse flower draws small insects to ________. A. give them food B. help carry its pollen to other places C. play with it D. make people stay away 3.Which of the following tells how plants work? A. Water+Sunlight→Sugar+Oxygen+CO2 B. Water+CO2+Sunlight→Sugar+Oxygen C. Water+Sunlight+Sugar→Oxygen+CO2 D. Sunlight+Sugar→Water+Oxygen+CO2 主题语境02 人与社会-节日 （25-26八上·陕西多校·期中） On December 4th, 2024, UNESCO added Spring Festival to the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (人类非物质文化遗产). It means Spring Festival is now a big festival not only for China but also for the world. In 2025, the Chinese New Year began on January 29th. The Spring Festival holiday lasted eight days from January 28th, with a lot of celebrations like dragon dance and lion dance. OPINIONS “I still remember Spring Festival in China in 2025. I found myself walking in a red sea. Red lanterns and couplets were everywhere. I joined a local family. It was so much fun learning how to make dumplings. Later, we watched the amazing lion dance in excitement.” —Gloria “I had a wonderful experience during Spring Festival in China in 2025. On the New Year’s Eve, my Chinese classmates taught me to write couplets with ink and a brush in hand. Later we watched a firework show. It was such a magical moment that I’ll always remember it.” —Jerry 1.What can we know from Paragraph 1? A. Spring Festival is getting more popular. B. Spring Festival has different meanings. C. Spring Festival celebrations are great. D. The Spring Festival holiday gets longer. 2.What can we know from the underlined sentence in the text? A. Gloria stopped at the red light. B. It was raining hard that day. C. Red is the main color of the festival. D. People in the streets wore red clothes. 3.What did Gloria do during Spring Festival in China in 2025? ①She learnt to make dumplings. ②She learnt Beijing opera. ③She bought Hanfu for her friends. ④She watched the lion dance. A. ①④ B. ①③ C. ②③ D. ②④ 4.Who may Jerry be? A. A tourist in China. B. A Chinese writer. C. A Chinese teacher. D. A student in China. 主题语境03 人与自我-学校活动 Passage 1 （25-26八上·陕西西安高新系学校·期中）In September, at RCF Experimental School in Beijing, students in Grade 8 put on a cool biology show on the ground floor of the lab building. It helped students put what they had learned into practice. At the show, there were a lot of fun biology models and paintings made by students. Some students painted different body systems (系统) on T-shirts. These pictures showed students where the organs are in the human body, like the stomach. And others made models of plant cells (细胞) and human organs by using different materials. One of the most creative models was a pair of lungs. It was made by a 14-year-old student named Liu Huanzhen. This idea came from Liu’s daily life. When autumn comes, many people around him catch a cold and cough a lot. This made him realize the importance of protecting the lungs and made him want to make a model of the lungs. Liu loves the art of rolling paper**, so he made the lung model in this way. Here is how to make the model lungs. First, use different colors to show the main parts of the lungs, including the lobes in red and the trachea in light green. Next, carefully roll and shape the paper. Finally, glue these to a piece of cardboard. Sounds difficult? But the result demonstrated it was a great way for students to remember different parts of the lungs. In short, this fun activity has not only helped students understand things more easily, but also allowed students to see how cool biology is. It may make them want to learn more about biology. * The word “organ” means a part of the body that has a particular purpose, such as the heart or the brain. ** The phrase “rolling paper” means a form of paper art. 1.What do the models and paintings on the show have in common? A. They are both human organs. B. They are both created by students. C. They are both of the same material. D. They are both made up of cells. 2.Why did Liu Huanzhen make a lung model? A. To show his talent. B. To encourage people to love art. C. To show how they work. D. To tell people to protect the lungs. 3.The underlined word “demonstrated” means “________”. A. enjoyed B. showed C. surprised D. believed 4.What is the purpose of the biology show? A. To get the students interested in biology. B. To make the students relaxed. C. To introduce the latest biological research results. D. To teach students to love their bodies. 5.What kind of students may benefit from the biology show according to the passage? A. Those who learn biology by rote memorization (死记硬背) B. Those who are interested in paper art only. C. Those who prefer practical (切实有效的) learning methods. D. Those who dislike group activities. Passage 2 （25-26八上·陕西西安交通大学附属中学分校·期中）Dear parents, The Grade 8 students will go on a school trip to Happy Sea Park next week. Here’s what you may need to know. Please let your children bring the form to school. watch a white whale show watch a dolphin show take photos with the sea lion see a film about sea animals The Map of Happy Sea Park: Walk into the sea park, and you can see the Whale House first. Behind it is a cinema. Films about sea animals are waiting for you. The Dolphin House is very big. You can see it on the second and third floors. The Sea Lion House is on the third floor too. It’s on the left of the Dolphin House. Things to bring: ◆A bag with the school ID card ◆Snacks and drinks (DON’T feed the animals!) Visit Not Visit (Just tick√) Signature: 1.What can students do during the school trip? A. Feed the sea animals with snacks. B. Watch a sea lion show on the 2nd floor. C. Enjoy a film about sea animals. D. Take nice photos with their parents. 2.Which is the right map of the sea park? A. B. C. D. 3.Why does the writer send this notice to parents? A. To introduce the most popular places in the park. B. To let parents know the information about the trip. C. To tell parents how much the school trip will cost. D. To invite parents to join the students’ school trip. 主题语境04 人与自我-居住环境 （25-26八上·陕西咸阳市实验中学·期末）A home is more than just a place to live. It’s where we feel safe, happy and loved. Everyone can do something to make their home a better place. What can you do for your home? Small actions can make a big difference! Start by keeping your home clean. Tidy your room, wash the dishes and sweep the floor. Next, help out with daily tasks. You can cook a simple meal, water the plants or play with your pet. These small acts of kindness create warmth and show that you care about your home. How does home make you feel? Home is where you can relax and be yourself. When you are tired or feeling down, home gives you comfort (安慰). The love of your family makes your home special. How can you create a cozy home? Turn your house into a cozy home with personal touches! Hang up photos of happy times or play some relaxing music. You can also decorate your room with things you love. A welcoming home can make your day brighter. Home isn’t just a house; it’s a feeling. It means love, safety and a sense of belonging (归属感). The people inside make a home special, no matter how big or small it is. A sweet home is full of care, laughter and warmth. 1.How does the writer show his main idea in Paragraph 2? A. By giving the reasons. B. By telling a true story. C. By giving some examples. D. By using some numbers. 2.The underlined word “cozy” means “______”. A. big and rich B. comfortable and warm C. noisy and awful D. common but important 3.Which of the following ideas may the writer agree with? A. A home’s meaning comes from love, not size. B. A clean home is the happiest place. C. Big houses are better for families. D. Decorating a home needs much money. 主题语境05 人与自然-动物与植物 Passage 1 Spot (发现) a Polar Bear What do they eat? ·small head ·long neck ·short tail ·short, rounded ears Polar bears don’t have white fur, in fact! Their fur is see-through and their hairs reflect (反射) all of the light around them, making their fur look white. Polar bears are at the top of their food chain in the Arctic. Do you know? ·Polar bears live on the land. ·Polar bears live for 20-30 years. ·Polar bears have thick (厚的) fat to keep themselves warm. ·Polar bears also have large feet to help pull themselves through the water. 1.What is the text about? A. Plants. B. Animals. C. Sports. D. Languages. 2.What do polar bears mainly eat? A. Plankton. B. Krill. C. Arctic cod. D. The Ringed seal. 3.What can we learn from the text? A. Polar bears have white fur all over the body. B. Polar bears have big heads and short tails. C. Polar bears can keep themselves warm. D. Polar bears can live for at least thirty years. Passage 2 （25-26八上·陕西西安多校·期中）How much do you know about birds? Here are some interesting facts. How do birds fly? Birds have feathers. They make birds different from other animals. These strong feathers, with their light bodies, make birds fly with amazing skills and speed (速度). They can use their wings in many different ways to control (控制) height and direction. Why do birds fly south for the winter? Birds move from one place to another for some reasons. Some areas in the world are only comfortable during the warmer months of the year. So when cold weather comes, birds fly to warmer areas. These trips can be as long as thousands of miles. In this way, they can find lots of food. _________ Bird families work together to build nests, and each bird has its own special job. Some birds are great at collecting things, while others are good at building. Once they start, every bird follows, and now they have a tradition. Younger birds watch and try to copy the older ones. This teamwork helps them learn the ways to build special nests. 1.______ make birds different from other animals. A. Light bodies B. Flying skills C. Special wings D. Strong feathers 2.Which of the following sentences can be put in “______”? A. Can all birds fly? B. What do birds eat? C. How do birds build nests? D. How often do birds change their feathers? 3.In which part of a newspaper can we read this passage? A. Sports. B. Nature. C. Travel. D. History. Passage 3 Some animals are the most dangerous animals in the world. However, most of them are also in danger. Great White Sharks The great white sharks are famous for their size and their sharp teeth. These allow them to catch more food like fish. People call them the king of the sea. They are white and black. The adult (成年的) sharks can be 4-5.2 m and 680-1,100 kg. Polar Bears The adult polar bears can be 350-700 kg. They are all white and full of thick fur (厚厚的皮毛). Their fur can protect them from water. Although most polar bears are born on land, they spend most of their time in the sea. Poison Dart Frogs (箭毒蛙) Poison dart frogs live in South America. They often have beautiful colors. Most of them are small, sometimes less than 1.5 cm. A poison dart frog has enough poison to stop the heart of a large animal from beating. The poison is on their skin (皮肤), so don’t touch them. 1.What are the great white sharks famous for? A. Their big eyes. B. Their living places. C. Their size and sharp teeth. D. Their beautiful colors. 2.The adult polar bears can be around ________. A. 400 kg B. 900 kg C. 1.5 cm long D. 1,100 kg 3.Which of the following is TRUE? A. The polar bear is famous as the king of the sea. B. The polar bear doesn’t like living in the sea. C. Poison dart frogs sometimes are bigger than great white sharks. D. These three kinds of animals are very dangerous. 4.What’s the passage mainly about? A. The ways to protect animals. B. Some animals with poison. C. The places where the animals live. D. Some animals are in danger. Passage 4 Spot (发现) a Polar Bear What do they eat? ·small head ·long neck ·short tail ·short, rounded ears Polar bears don’t have white fur in fact! Their fur is see-through and their hairs reflect (反射) all of the light around them, making their fur look white. Polar bears are at the top of their food chain in the Arctic. Do you know? ·Polar bears live on the land. ·Polar bears live for 20-30 years. ·Polar bears have thick (厚的) fat to keep themselves warm. ·Polar bears also have large feet to help pull themselves through the water. 1.What is the text about? A. Plants. B. Animals. C. Sports. D. Languages. 2.What do polar bears mainly eat? A. Plankton. B. Krill. C. Arctic cod. D. Ringed seal. 3.What can we learn from the text? A. Polar bears have white fur all over the body. B. Polar bears have big heads and short tails. C. Polar bears can keep themselves warm. D. Polar bears can live for at least thirty years. （25-26八上·陕西西安交通大学附属中学分校·期中）Men and women often have different styles in learning and solving problems. Teachers and parents are eager to know why. After some studies on their daily behaviors, experts found some clear points. Usually, women’s way of learning makes them good at connecting new knowledge with what they learned before. They often take notes of small points and ask questions about unclear parts. For example, a girl might connect a new math formula with a story her teacher told last month. But men’s learning style is more about focusing on one part of knowledge first. They like to master one skill fully before moving to the next. A boy might spend hours practicing a physics experiment until he gets the right result. These differences also show when they face problems. Women often think about more people’s feelings before making a decision. If they need to plan a class activity, they’ll ask classmates’ ideas first. However, men usually look for quick ways to solve problems. They may list possible steps and pick the most effective one without much discussion. Though their styles are not the same, both have their own advantages. They can help each other do better in study and life. Word Bank formula: 公式 experiment: 实验 effective: 有效的 advantages: 优势 1.What does the underlined word “eager” mean in Paragraph 1? A. Interested. B. Worried. C. Bored. D. Sad. 2.What do women usually do when planning a class activity? A. Ask classmates’ ideas first. B. Pick the quickest plan alone. C. Spend hours practicing it. D. Forget to think about others’ feelings. 3.What can we infer from the passage? A. Women’s learning style is better for all subjects. B. Men’s way of solving problems is faster than women’s. C. Men and women can help each other to improve. D. Teachers should ask all students to learn like women. 4.What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the text? A. To ask teachers to change their teaching styles to better help students. B. To show the differences between men and women in learning and problem-solving. C. To explain why girls are good at connecting knowledge with what they learned before. D. To tell that men and women are not the same at all in learning and problem-solving. 主题语境01 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 （25-26八上·陕西西安新城区第八十三中学·期中）Trees can keep a record of Earth’s climate for a very long time. In fact, trees can live for hundreds—and sometimes even thousands—of years! If you see a stump (树桩), you may find that the top of the stump has many rings (年轮). These rings can tell us how old the tree is, and what the weather was like during each year the tree’s life. In most places, daily weather records have only been kept for the past 100 to 150 years. So, scientists can use trees to learn about the climate hundreds to thousands of years ago. 1.Which part of a tree can record the climate? A. Its rings. B. Its leaves. C. Its fruit. D. Its flowers. 2.How old is the tree in the picture? A. About 14 years old. B. About 17 years old. C. About 20 years old. D. About 22 years old. 3.Which tree lives in a warmer and wetter place? A. B. C. D. 4.Where might you see this passage? A. In a travelling diary. B. In a diary about school life. C. In a book about the climate. D. In a report about a new study. Passage 2 （25-26八上·陕西西安碑林区交通大学附属中学·期中）Scientists have found that floating solar panels (漂浮式太阳能板) could provide electricity if they were placed on bodies of water around the world. Solar panels are used to turn sunlight into electricity. Most solar panels are placed on land in large collections called solar farms. But recently people have begun to try putting floating solar panels on water. Because these panels float, some people call them “floatovoltaics”. The researchers looked at 114,555 reservoirs (水库) worldwide. They used computer programs to find out how much electricity could be produced yearly by covering 30% of these reservoirs with floating solar panels. Researchers found the amount was surprisingly large—10 times as the amount of energy as all the solar power being produced in the world now. Floatovoltaics can also help save water by reducing evaporation (蒸发) from reservoirs. The scientists say that solar panels covering just 30% of the reservoirs’ surfaces could save as much water as 300 million people world use in a year. Putting solar panels on water also means that there’s no need to clear land for a solar farm. That’s important as countries work to fight against climate change and protect natural spaces for wild animals. Floatovoltaics aren’t perfect. For example, they cost about 25% more than those on land. Covering too much of a reservoir with panels could influence the plants and animals in the water. Scientists are working to solve these problems. 1.Which of the following is floatovoltaics? A. B. C. D. 2.How many advantages (优点) of floatovoltaics are mentioned in the passage? A. 2． B. 3． C. 4． D. 5． 3.What might the writer talk about next after the passage? A. Where scientists will put floatovoltaics. B. What scientists do to protect the animals and plants. C. Why floatovoltaics influence the plants and animals. D. How scientists solve the problems floatovoltaics bring. 主题语境02 人与自我-节假日活动 （25-26八上·陕西西安莲湖区部分学校·期中）The summer holiday is coming. During the holiday, you can do what you like and prepare yourself well for the future. You’ll enjoy your summer holiday with the help of the following suggestions (建议). Take exercise. After studying hard for months, you must be bored and tired. Taking exercise is the best way to get energy again. Swimming and walking are perfect choices for you. All kinds of exercise are good for your health. Learn some basic (基本的) life skills. You will live an independent (独立的) life one day. So you should learn some basic, useful life skills such as washing clothes and cooking. At the same time, you should help your parents with housework to express your thanks to them. Go travelling. The world is a book. Those who don’t travel only read one page. Travelling is so fun. Have you made your own plan? If not, do it at once. During the trip, you will have a chance to get more knowledge (知识). While learning about different cultures, you will also make a lot of friends. Enjoy the time with family members. Family members play an important role in your life. They give you love and care all the time. Don’t forget to spend some time together with them. You will find it great to stay with them, talking about dreams, hobbies or anything you like. As long as you follow the suggestions above, I believe you will have a wonderful holiday next time. 1.How many suggestions are mentioned (涉及) in the passage? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six. 2.According to the passage, if you get bored or tired, you had better_________. A. take exercise B. learn basic life skills C. go travelling D. enjoy the time with family 3.The passage might be written for ________. A. actors B. students C. teachers D. parents 主题语境03 人与自然-动物与植物 （25-26八上·陕西西安铁一中-11月·期中）Sunflowers are bright and cheerful flowers. But did you know they have a special secret? They can follow the sun! When a sunflower is young, its face turns from east to west during the day, always facing the sun. This is called “heliotropism”. In the morning, the young sunflower faces the east to welcome the rising sun. As the sun moves across the sky, the sunflower slowly turns its face to follow it. At night, it turns back to the east, getting ready for the next morning. Why do they do this? Scientists believe this helps the young plant grow better. By facing the sun all day, the sunflower gets more sunlight. More sunlight helps it grow strong and tall. However, when the sunflower becomes mature and its flower head gets heavy with seeds, it stops moving. The stem becomes hard and fixed. Then, the mature sunflower usually faces towards the east all the time. Facing the east in the morning helps the flower dry the water drops on it quickly and warm up faster, which is better for attracting bees. So, next time you see a field of sunflowers, remember that they are not just pretty faces—they are smart sun followers. 1.What is the scientific name for a plant following the sun? A. Photosynthesis B. Germination C. Heliotropism D. Pollination 2.Why do young sunflowers follow the sun? A. To look more beautiful. B. To get more water. C. To get more sunlight for growth. D. To hide from insects. 3.The word “mature” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________. A. young B. fully grown C. sick D. colorful / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 阅读理解（说明文） 主题语境01 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 （25-26八上·陕西西安交通大学附属中学分校·期中）According to a new study, kids can improve their brainpower (脑力) by cooking, gardening and cleaning the house. It’s a study of 207 children. Scientists have found that housework like making meals and caring for plants had something to do with planning, self-controlling (自我控制) and remembering things. The results were from children aged from 5 to 13 in 2024. The results showed 86 percent of the kids put their dirty clothes in the right place and cleaned up after playing. But only 59 percent made their own beds, just 26 percent sorted clothes after washing and 10 percent helped with cooking. Older children are more likely to do housework than younger ones. Girls do more housework than boys. For example, only 49 percent of the boys but 70 percent of the girls made their own beds. Around 60 percent of the kids, including 50 percent of the boys and 61 percent of the girls, helped do the dishes. Only 34 percent of the kids aged from 5 to 7 did this, but 64 percent of those aged from 11 to 13 helped. “Children who often cook a family meal may be more likely to be good at other ways of life-like schoolwork or problem-solving,” the lead researcher of the study, Ms. Tepper said. 1.From the study, which is true about kids and housework? A. All the kids helped with cooking. B. Few kids made their bed. C. Most kids cleaned up after playing. D. More boys did the dishes than girls. 2.What can we know from Paragraph 4? A. B. C. D. 3.What can we learn from Ms. Tepper’s words? A. Cooking can only help kids with family meals. B. Kids who cook often may do better in schoolwork. C. Problem-solving is more important than cooking. D. Family meals are more important than schoolwork. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. B 【解析】【导语】 本文主要讲述了一项关于孩子做家务与脑力提升关系的研究，包括研究对象、结果以及不同年龄段和性别孩子做家务的情况等内容。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The results showed 86 percent of the kids put their dirty clothes in the right place and cleaned up after playing.”可知，86%的孩子会把脏衣服放在正确的位置，并且在玩过之后会收拾干净。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“Older children are more likely to do housework than younger ones. Girls do more housework than boys. For example, only 49 percent of the boys but 70 percent of the girls made their own beds.”可知，49%的男孩和70%的女孩自己铺床。由此推知，选项B的图示符合文意。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“Children who often cook a family meal may be more likely to be good at other ways of life-like schoolwork or problem-solving”可知，经常做家庭餐的孩子可能更擅长其他生活方式，比如学业或解决问题，即经常做饭的孩子可能在学业上做得更好。故选B。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·陕西咸阳彩虹学校~·期中）How many ants (蚂蚁) are there on the Earth? You could guess “a lot”, and you are right. Scientists recently did a study. They said that ‘the number of the ants on the planet was about 20 quadrillion. That’s 20,000,000,000,000,000 ants. It’s about 2.5 million ants for every human! There are about 12,000 different ant species on the planet. They live in different places—in the house, in the tree or under the ground—nearly everywhere on the Earth. They live in groups and some of their caves are very large. You can’t imagine how such little ants build their large caves. Ants are common insects, but they have some special abilities, including their great communication skills. They use these skills to work together to find food, build their homes, and protect their family members. Ants are important for the environment (环境). They help to break down dead plants and animals, which helps to keep the soil (土壤) healthy. Ants are also important for pollination. They help to pollinate from one plant to another, which helps the plants to grow. What’s more, ants are a kind of important food for many animals. Ants are amazing insects in our world, but some of them are in danger. So we should try our best to protect them. 1.The underlined word “caves” refers to (指的是) “________” in the passage. A. tools B. food C. homes D. eggs 2.What might happen if the number of ants drops a lot? A. The soil will become less healthy. B. More plants will grow faster than before. C. Animals will find more food easily. D. Dead plants will disappear more quickly. 3.How many advantages (优点) of ants does the fourth paragraph mention? A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 4.What can we know from the passage? A. Ants are bad for the growth of plants. B. All ant species live underground with their groups. C. Ants have no ability to communicate with each other. D. The number of ants is much larger than that of humans. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地球上蚂蚁的数量、种类、生活习性及其对环境的重要性。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“They live in groups”和“You can’t imagine how such little ants build their large caves”可知，蚂蚁群居在自己建造的场所里。“caves”指蚂蚁的居住场所，与选项C意思相近。故选C。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“They help to break down dead plants and animals, which helps to keep the soil (土壤) healthy.”可知，蚂蚁帮助分解死亡的动植物，保持土壤健康。由此可推知，若蚂蚁数量锐减，土壤健康会受影响，即土壤会变得不那么健康。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“They help to break down dead plants and animals, which helps to keep the soil (土壤) healthy.”、“Ants are also important for pollination.”和“What’s more, ants are a kind of important food for many animals.”可知，文章第4段列举了蚂蚁的三大作用：分解死亡生物；帮助授粉；作为其他动物的食物。故选B。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“It’s about 2.5 million ants for every human!”可知，每个人类对应约250万只蚂蚁。由此可知，蚂蚁数量远超人类。故选D。 主题语境02 人与自我-方法与哲理 （25-26八上·陕西西安碑林区交通大学附属中学·期中）Class: Science Date:17/05/2024 What Should You Do IF You Find a Baby Bird Out of the Nest (巢，窝)? If the bird is HURT: Call the animal center (0-123-4567). OR Carefully pick the bird up and take it to an animal hospital. (Keep it warm and don’t give it any food!) IF the bird is NOT HURT: or IF it has FEW FEATHERS (羽毛): + You CAN reach the nest. → Put the bird back. + If you CAN’T find or reach the nest. → Call the animal center. or If it has FEATHERS: + Just leave it there! (It’s learning how to fly!) People believe birds will give up their babies if they have the smell of people on them. ↓ WRONG! Birds don’t care! 1.Where can you most probably find this passage? A. In a story book. B. In a doctor’s diary. C. In a tourist’s email. D. In a middle school student’s notebook. 2.Why did the author write the text? A. To tell a tale about a bird’s journey. B. To explain how to build a bird’s nest. C. To tell the importance of bird protection. D. To offer advice on handling a found baby bird. 3.If you discover a baby bird without feathers outside its nest and it’s not hurt, we should _______. A. place the bird back in its nest B. allow the bird to be on its own C. call the animal center right away D. take the bird to a veterinary (兽医的) hospital 【答案】1. D　2. D　3. A 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了发现巢外幼鸟后的正确处理建议。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“Class: Science Date:17/05/2024”并结合全文可知，本文主要是关于处理巢外幼鸟建议，所以文章最有可能来自于中学生的笔记本。故选D。 (2)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据“What Should You Do IF You Find a Baby Bird Out of the Nest (巢，窝)?”并结合全文可知，本文主要针对幼鸟受伤与未受伤给出的处理步骤。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“If the bird is NOT HURT: or IF it has FEW FEATHERS (羽毛)：+ You CAN reach the nest. → Put the bird back.”可知，若幼鸟未受伤、羽毛很少，且你能触及它的巢穴，应将其放回巢中。故选A。 主题语境03 人与自我-日常活动 （25-26八上·陕西西安益新中学·期中）A study shows how many hours kids from different countries do chores at home every day. Here is the result: As the study shows above, kids from China spend a little time doing chores. Luckily, our country has paid attention to (关注) labor education (劳动教育). People’s Daily also gives us a chore chart (图表) for what chores kids at different ages should do. Kids aged 5 to 6 years old Kids aged 7 to 9 years old Kids aged 10 years old and over Make the bed properly (适当地) Put their own things away Learn to group things… Do the dishes Clean their rooms Get things ready for school… Deep clean their rooms Shop for the festivals Make plans for the family trip… 1.Who spends the least (最少) time doing chores at home, according to the study? A. Kids from China. B. Kids from Japan. C. Kids from France. D. Kids from America. 2.What should 5-year-olds do according to the chart? A. Shop for festivals. B. Clean their rooms. C. Put their things away. D. Do the dishes. 3.What can we know from the text? A. The study shows what chores kids can’t do. B. Kids from Britain never do chores at home. C. Japanese kids spend the most time doing chores. D. Chinese people have realized the importance of labor education. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，文章通过一项跨国研究指出中国孩子做家务时间偏少，并介绍了中国为加强劳动教育而制定的分年龄段家务建议图表。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据图表信息可知，中国孩子在家做家务的时间最少。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据Kids aged 5 to 6 years old下内容“Make the bed properly (适当地) Put their own things away Learn to group things…”可知，5岁的孩子应该把他们的东西放好。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Luckily, our country has paid attention to (关注) labor education (劳动教育).”可知，中国人已经意识到劳动教育的重要性。故选D。 主题语境04 人与自然-动物与植物 Passage 1 （25-26八上·陕西西安新城区第八十三中学·期中） Flamingos are one of the most interesting birds in the world. They are famous for their beautiful pink feathers and long legs. But do you know why they are pink? The answer lies in their food. Flamingos eat small shrimp and algae (小虾和藻类). These foods have a special natural pigment (天然色系). After eating them, the flamingos’ white feathers slowly turn pink. So, you are what you eat! These birds often live in large groups near lakes. Sometimes, thousands of them live together. Living in a big group helps them stay safe from animals that might want to eat them. Flamingos like to stand on one leg. Why do they do this? Scientists have a few ideas. One popular idea is that it helps them save energy and keep their bodies warm. It might also help them rest one leg at a time. Another amazing thing is their nests (巢穴). They are not like the nests of other birds in trees. Flamingos use mud (泥) to build small hills. The mother lays one egg on top of each mud hill. This special nest keeps the egg safe from water and danger. Flamingos are not just beautiful; they are smart survivors, too. 1.What makes flamingos have pink feathers? A. Their food. B. Their legs. C. The sunshine. D. The temperature. 2.Why do flamingos live in large groups? A. To find more food to eat. B. To keep safe from dangerous animals. C. To help them build better nests. D. To learn how to stand on one leg. 3.Where does mother flamingo lay egg? A. In a tree. B. On the ground. C. In the water. D. On top of a mud hill. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. D 【解析】【导语】 本文主要讲述火烈鸟的粉色羽毛成因、群居习惯、单腿站立的原因以及特殊的巢穴等有趣知识。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“But do you know why they are pink? The answer lies in their food.”可知，火烈鸟的食物使其羽毛呈粉色。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Living in a big group helps them stay safe from animals that might want to eat them.”可知，火烈鸟群居是为了躲避危险动物，保持安全。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The mother lays one egg on top of each mud hill.”可推知，火烈鸟妈妈在泥丘顶部下蛋。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·陕西汉中部分学校·期中）The red panda mainly lives in the Eastern Himalayas. People thought that it was a member of the bear family at first, but researchers (研究者) finally grouped the red panda into its own independent (独立的) family from DNA research results. The research also showed that the red panda is a close cousin of the raccoon (浣熊), but it is not close to the giant panda. Red pandas are dying out now. The biggest problem for red pandas is that they are losing their homes. There are some activities around the world to protect red pandas, but they still need more help. To protect red pandas better, it’s necessary to catch more people’s attention. International Red Panda Day was set up for this reason. It is on the third Saturday of September every year. We can do many things for red pandas. We can read a book or watch a video about these amazing animals, join an International Red Panda Day activity near you, or share articles and pictures about red pandas with more people. These actions will let more people care about red pandas and make their living environment better. 1.Which of the following is the most similar in DNA to the red panda? A. The raccoon. B. The bear. C. The giant panda. D. The fox. 2.Why was International Red Panda Day set up? A. To study red pandas more easily. B. To celebrate the discovery of red pandas. C. To make red pandas more popular in zoos. D. To catch people’s attention to protect red pandas. 3.In which part of a magazine (杂志) can we probably read this passage? A. Travel. B. Nature. C. History. D. Culture. 【答案】1. A　2. D　3. B 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了小熊猫的栖息地、分类、生存现状以及保护措施等内容。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The research also showed that the red panda is a close cousin of the raccoon (浣熊), but it is not close to the giant panda.”可知，研究显示小熊猫是浣熊的近亲，所以与小熊猫DNA最相似的是浣熊。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“To protect red pandas better, it’s necessary to catch more people’s attention. International Red Panda Day was set up for this reason.”可知，设立国际小熊猫日是为了吸引人们的注意力来保护小熊猫。故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了小熊猫的栖息地、分类、生存现状以及保护措施等内容，这些内容都与自然相关，所以可能在杂志的自然部分读到这篇文章。故选B。 主题语境01 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Why Are Onions Amazing? Onions are round and have different colours like white, yellow and red. They have a strong smell and taste. When we cut them, they can make our eyes water. Many people enjoy eating them, but they are more than tasty. They are useful as well. High in vitamins (维生素), onions give great benefits (益处) to our bodies and help us stay healthy. Why Is It Smelly? A special plant called the corpse flower comes out this month in Australia. You can see a flower like this only once every few years. It smells like bad meat because it draws (吸引) small insects to help it bring the pollen to other places. How Do Plants Work? It’s a quarter past seven. Here’s Worker No.55 in his green clothes. He works in the leaf. He collects sunlight and CO2 during the day. Workers from the root give him water. Then the plant will make sugar. It also makes oxygen. Animals and humans need oxygen to breathe. 1.Onions are useful because ________. A. they have different colours B. they have a strong smell C. they make people cry D. they are good for our bodies 2.The corpse flower draws small insects to ________. A. give them food B. help carry its pollen to other places C. play with it D. make people stay away 3.Which of the following tells how plants work? A. Water+Sunlight→Sugar+Oxygen+CO2 B. Water+CO2+Sunlight→Sugar+Oxygen C. Water+Sunlight+Sugar→Oxygen+CO2 D. Sunlight+Sugar→Water+Oxygen+CO2 【答案】1. D　2. B　3. B 【解析】【导语】 本文介绍了洋葱的营养价值、尸体花的传粉机制以及植物的光合作用过程。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Why Are Onions Amazing?”部分中的“High in vitamins (维生素), onions give great benefits (益处) to our bodies and help us stay healthy.”可知，洋葱富含维生素，对身体有益。故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Why Is It Smelly?”部分中的“It smells like bad meat because it draws (吸引) small insects to help it bring the pollen to other places.”可知，尸体花散发臭味是为了吸引昆虫帮助传粉。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“How Do Plants Work?”部分中的“He collects sunlight and CO2 during the day. Workers from the root give him water. Then the plant will make sugar. It also makes oxygen.”可知，植物利用水、二氧化碳和阳光制造糖类和氧气。故选B。 主题语境02 人与社会-节日 （25-26八上·陕西多校·期中） On December 4th, 2024, UNESCO added Spring Festival to the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (人类非物质文化遗产). It means Spring Festival is now a big festival not only for China but also for the world. In 2025, the Chinese New Year began on January 29th. The Spring Festival holiday lasted eight days from January 28th, with a lot of celebrations like dragon dance and lion dance. OPINIONS “I still remember Spring Festival in China in 2025. I found myself walking in a red sea. Red lanterns and couplets were everywhere. I joined a local family. It was so much fun learning how to make dumplings. Later, we watched the amazing lion dance in excitement.” —Gloria “I had a wonderful experience during Spring Festival in China in 2025. On the New Year’s Eve, my Chinese classmates taught me to write couplets with ink and a brush in hand. Later we watched a firework show. It was such a magical moment that I’ll always remember it.” —Jerry 1.What can we know from Paragraph 1? A. Spring Festival is getting more popular. B. Spring Festival has different meanings. C. Spring Festival celebrations are great. D. The Spring Festival holiday gets longer. 2.What can we know from the underlined sentence in the text? A. Gloria stopped at the red light. B. It was raining hard that day. C. Red is the main color of the festival. D. People in the streets wore red clothes. 3.What did Gloria do during Spring Festival in China in 2025? ①She learnt to make dumplings. ②She learnt Beijing opera. ③She bought Hanfu for her friends. ④She watched the lion dance. A. ①④ B. ①③ C. ②③ D. ②④ 4.Who may Jerry be? A. A tourist in China. B. A Chinese writer. C. A Chinese teacher. D. A student in China. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. A　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了春节被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产及其文化意义，并分享了两名外国人在中国过春节的体验。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“UNESCO added Spring Festival to the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity... It means Spring Festival is now a big festival not only for China but also for the world.”可知，春节成为世界非物质文化遗产，说明其影响力已超越国界，越来越受世界关注。故选A。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“I found myself walking in a red sea.”和“Red lanterns and couplets were everywhere.”可知，“red sea”为比喻说法，形容春节期间满眼红色装饰，体现红色是春节的主题色彩。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“It was so much fun learning how to make dumplings.”和“Later, we watched the amazing lion dance in excitement.”可知，她学习了包饺子并且观看了舞狮，文中未提及学习京剧或购买汉服。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“...my Chinese classmates taught me to write couplets...”可知，他有中国同学，可推断他应是在中国读书的学生。故选D。 主题语境03 人与自我-学校活动 Passage 1 （25-26八上·陕西西安高新系学校·期中）In September, at RCF Experimental School in Beijing, students in Grade 8 put on a cool biology show on the ground floor of the lab building. It helped students put what they had learned into practice. At the show, there were a lot of fun biology models and paintings made by students. Some students painted different body systems (系统) on T-shirts. These pictures showed students where the organs are in the human body, like the stomach. And others made models of plant cells (细胞) and human organs by using different materials. One of the most creative models was a pair of lungs. It was made by a 14-year-old student named Liu Huanzhen. This idea came from Liu’s daily life. When autumn comes, many people around him catch a cold and cough a lot. This made him realize the importance of protecting the lungs and made him want to make a model of the lungs. Liu loves the art of rolling paper**, so he made the lung model in this way. Here is how to make the model lungs. First, use different colors to show the main parts of the lungs, including the lobes in red and the trachea in light green. Next, carefully roll and shape the paper. Finally, glue these to a piece of cardboard. Sounds difficult? But the result demonstrated it was a great way for students to remember different parts of the lungs. In short, this fun activity has not only helped students understand things more easily, but also allowed students to see how cool biology is. It may make them want to learn more about biology. * The word “organ” means a part of the body that has a particular purpose, such as the heart or the brain. ** The phrase “rolling paper” means a form of paper art. 1.What do the models and paintings on the show have in common? A. They are both human organs. B. They are both created by students. C. They are both of the same material. D. They are both made up of cells. 2.Why did Liu Huanzhen make a lung model? A. To show his talent. B. To encourage people to love art. C. To show how they work. D. To tell people to protect the lungs. 3.The underlined word “demonstrated” means “________”. A. enjoyed B. showed C. surprised D. believed 4.What is the purpose of the biology show? A. To get the students interested in biology. B. To make the students relaxed. C. To introduce the latest biological research results. D. To teach students to love their bodies. 5.What kind of students may benefit from the biology show according to the passage? A. Those who learn biology by rote memorization (死记硬背) B. Those who are interested in paper art only. C. Those who prefer practical (切实有效的) learning methods. D. Those who dislike group activities. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. B　4. A　5. C 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了北京某学校八年级学生在实验楼举办的生物展览活动，学生们通过制作生物模型和绘画展示所学知识，活动激发了学生对生物学的兴趣。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“At the show, there were a lot of fun biology models and paintings made by students.”可知，展览中的模型和画作都是由学生创造的。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“This idea came from Liu’s daily life. When autumn comes, many people around him catch a cold and cough a lot. This made him realize the importance of protecting the lungs and made him want to make a model of the lungs.”可知，他做肺模型是为了告诉人们保护肺部。故选D。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“Sounds difficult? But the result demonstrated it was a great way for students to remember different parts of the lungs.”可知，结果表明这是一种让学生记住肺部不同部位的好方法。demonstrated意为“展示”，与showed意思相近。故选B。 (4)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“In short, this fun activity has not only helped students understand things more easily, but also allowed students to see how cool biology is. It may make them want to learn more about biology.”可知，生物展的目的是让学生对生物学感兴趣。故选A。 (5)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“It helped students put what they had learned into practice.”可知，那些喜欢实用的学习方法的学生可以从生物活动中受益。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·陕西西安交通大学附属中学分校·期中）Dear parents, The Grade 8 students will go on a school trip to Happy Sea Park next week. Here’s what you may need to know. Please let your children bring the form to school. watch a white whale show watch a dolphin show take photos with the sea lion see a film about sea animals The Map of Happy Sea Park: Walk into the sea park, and you can see the Whale House first. Behind it is a cinema. Films about sea animals are waiting for you. The Dolphin House is very big. You can see it on the second and third floors. The Sea Lion House is on the third floor too. It’s on the left of the Dolphin House. Things to bring: ◆A bag with the school ID card ◆Snacks and drinks (DON’T feed the animals!) Visit Not Visit (Just tick√) Signature: 1.What can students do during the school trip? A. Feed the sea animals with snacks. B. Watch a sea lion show on the 2nd floor. C. Enjoy a film about sea animals. D. Take nice photos with their parents. 2.Which is the right map of the sea park? A. B. C. D. 3.Why does the writer send this notice to parents? A. To introduce the most popular places in the park. B. To let parents know the information about the trip. C. To tell parents how much the school trip will cost. D. To invite parents to join the students’ school trip. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了八年级学生下周将去快乐海洋公园进行学校旅行。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“see a film about sea animals”可知，学生在学校旅行期间可以看一部关于海洋动物的电影。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Walk into the sea park, and you can see the Whale House first.”和“The Dolphin House is very big. You can see it on the second and third floors. The Sea Lion House is on the third floor too. It’s on the left of the Dolphin House.”可知，一进门可以看到鲸鱼之家，它后面是一家电影院。所以鲸鱼之家在一楼，后面是电影院。可以在二楼和三楼看到海豚馆，海狮馆也在三楼。它在海豚馆的左边。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“The Grade 8 students will go on a school trip to Happy Sea Park next week. Here’s what you may need to know.”可知，这篇文章是帮助家长了解一些关于快乐海洋公园之旅的事情。故选B。 主题语境04 人与自我-居住环境 （25-26八上·陕西咸阳市实验中学·期末）A home is more than just a place to live. It’s where we feel safe, happy and loved. Everyone can do something to make their home a better place. What can you do for your home? Small actions can make a big difference! Start by keeping your home clean. Tidy your room, wash the dishes and sweep the floor. Next, help out with daily tasks. You can cook a simple meal, water the plants or play with your pet. These small acts of kindness create warmth and show that you care about your home. How does home make you feel? Home is where you can relax and be yourself. When you are tired or feeling down, home gives you comfort (安慰). The love of your family makes your home special. How can you create a cozy home? Turn your house into a cozy home with personal touches! Hang up photos of happy times or play some relaxing music. You can also decorate your room with things you love. A welcoming home can make your day brighter. Home isn’t just a house; it’s a feeling. It means love, safety and a sense of belonging (归属感). The people inside make a home special, no matter how big or small it is. A sweet home is full of care, laughter and warmth. 1.How does the writer show his main idea in Paragraph 2? A. By giving the reasons. B. By telling a true story. C. By giving some examples. D. By using some numbers. 2.The underlined word “cozy” means “______”. A. big and rich B. comfortable and warm C. noisy and awful D. common but important 3.Which of the following ideas may the writer agree with? A. A home’s meaning comes from love, not size. B. A clean home is the happiest place. C. Big houses are better for families. D. Decorating a home needs much money. 【答案】1. C　2. B　3. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了家的意义以及如何通过小行动让家变得更美好。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第2段“Start by keeping your home clean…You can cook a simple meal, water the plants or play with your pet.”可知，作者通过列举具体例子（如整理房间、洗碗、扫地等）来说明如何让家变得更好。故选C。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据文章第4段“Turn your house into a cozy home with personal touches!.. A welcoming home can make your day brighter.”（用个人风格把房子变成舒适的家！……一个温馨的家能让你的日子更明亮。）可知，“cozy”与“comfortable and warm”（舒适且温暖）语义相近。故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Home isn’t just a house; it’s a feeling…The people inside make a home special, no matter how big or small it is.”（家不仅仅是一座房子，更是一种感觉……无论家的大小如何，里面的人让它变得特别。）可知，作者认为家的意义源于爱而非大小。故选A。 主题语境05 人与自然-动物与植物 Passage 1 Spot (发现) a Polar Bear What do they eat? ·small head ·long neck ·short tail ·short, rounded ears Polar bears don’t have white fur, in fact! Their fur is see-through and their hairs reflect (反射) all of the light around them, making their fur look white. Polar bears are at the top of their food chain in the Arctic. Do you know? ·Polar bears live on the land. ·Polar bears live for 20-30 years. ·Polar bears have thick (厚的) fat to keep themselves warm. ·Polar bears also have large feet to help pull themselves through the water. 1.What is the text about? A. Plants. B. Animals. C. Sports. D. Languages. 2.What do polar bears mainly eat? A. Plankton. B. Krill. C. Arctic cod. D. The Ringed seal. 3.What can we learn from the text? A. Polar bears have white fur all over the body. B. Polar bears have big heads and short tails. C. Polar bears can keep themselves warm. D. Polar bears can live for at least thirty years. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了北极熊的外貌特征、生存环境、食物来源以及一些生活习性等相关信息。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。文章主要围绕北极熊展开，介绍了北极熊的外貌、生活习性、食物等，北极熊属于动物，所以文本是关于动物的。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。虽然文章没有直接提及北极熊主要吃什么，但根据常识以及北极熊在北极食物链顶端的地位可知，在北极环境中，环斑海豹是北极熊主要的食物来源。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文章“Polar bears have thick (厚的) fat to keep themselves warm.”可知，北极熊有厚厚的脂肪来保暖，即北极熊能使自己保持温暖。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·陕西西安多校·期中）How much do you know about birds? Here are some interesting facts. How do birds fly? Birds have feathers. They make birds different from other animals. These strong feathers, with their light bodies, make birds fly with amazing skills and speed (速度). They can use their wings in many different ways to control (控制) height and direction. Why do birds fly south for the winter? Birds move from one place to another for some reasons. Some areas in the world are only comfortable during the warmer months of the year. So when cold weather comes, birds fly to warmer areas. These trips can be as long as thousands of miles. In this way, they can find lots of food. _________ Bird families work together to build nests, and each bird has its own special job. Some birds are great at collecting things, while others are good at building. Once they start, every bird follows, and now they have a tradition. Younger birds watch and try to copy the older ones. This teamwork helps them learn the ways to build special nests. 1.______ make birds different from other animals. A. Light bodies B. Flying skills C. Special wings D. Strong feathers 2.Which of the following sentences can be put in “______”? A. Can all birds fly? B. What do birds eat? C. How do birds build nests? D. How often do birds change their feathers? 3.In which part of a newspaper can we read this passage? A. Sports. B. Nature. C. Travel. D. History. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. B 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了鸟类的一些有趣事实，包括鸟类如何飞行、为何冬季南飞以及如何筑巢。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Birds have feathers. They make birds different from other animals.”可知，强壮的羽毛让鸟类区别于其他动物。故选D。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据后文“Bird families work together to build nests, and each bird has its own special job.”可知，此处是关于鸟类如何筑巢的内容。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。本文介绍的是鸟类的知识，属于自然领域，因此可以在报纸的自然版块读到这篇文章。故选B。 Passage 3 Some animals are the most dangerous animals in the world. However, most of them are also in danger. Great White Sharks The great white sharks are famous for their size and their sharp teeth. These allow them to catch more food like fish. People call them the king of the sea. They are white and black. The adult (成年的) sharks can be 4-5.2 m and 680-1,100 kg. Polar Bears The adult polar bears can be 350-700 kg. They are all white and full of thick fur (厚厚的皮毛). Their fur can protect them from water. Although most polar bears are born on land, they spend most of their time in the sea. Poison Dart Frogs (箭毒蛙) Poison dart frogs live in South America. They often have beautiful colors. Most of them are small, sometimes less than 1.5 cm. A poison dart frog has enough poison to stop the heart of a large animal from beating. The poison is on their skin (皮肤), so don’t touch them. 1.What are the great white sharks famous for? A. Their big eyes. B. Their living places. C. Their size and sharp teeth. D. Their beautiful colors. 2.The adult polar bears can be around ________. A. 400 kg B. 900 kg C. 1.5 cm long D. 1,100 kg 3.Which of the following is TRUE? A. The polar bear is famous as the king of the sea. B. The polar bear doesn’t like living in the sea. C. Poison dart frogs sometimes are bigger than great white sharks. D. These three kinds of animals are very dangerous. 4.What’s the passage mainly about? A. The ways to protect animals. B. Some animals with poison. C. The places where the animals live. D. Some animals are in danger. 【答案】1. C　2. A　3. D　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了3种濒危动物。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The great white sharks are famous for their size and their sharp teeth.”可知，大白鲨以它们的体型和锋利的牙齿而出名。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“The adult polar bears can be 350-700 kg.”可知，成年北极熊体重在350-700 公斤之间，400 kg在此范围内。故选A。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Some animals are the most dangerous animals in the world. However, most of them are also in danger.”可知，这三种动物都很危险。故选D。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了3种濒危动物。故选D。 Passage 4 Spot (发现) a Polar Bear What do they eat? ·small head ·long neck ·short tail ·short, rounded ears Polar bears don’t have white fur in fact! Their fur is see-through and their hairs reflect (反射) all of the light around them, making their fur look white. Polar bears are at the top of their food chain in the Arctic. Do you know? ·Polar bears live on the land. ·Polar bears live for 20-30 years. ·Polar bears have thick (厚的) fat to keep themselves warm. ·Polar bears also have large feet to help pull themselves through the water. 1.What is the text about? A. Plants. B. Animals. C. Sports. D. Languages. 2.What do polar bears mainly eat? A. Plankton. B. Krill. C. Arctic cod. D. Ringed seal. 3.What can we learn from the text? A. Polar bears have white fur all over the body. B. Polar bears have big heads and short tails. C. Polar bears can keep themselves warm. D. Polar bears can live for at least thirty years. 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. C 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了北极熊的特征和生活习性。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Spot (发现) a Polar Bear”可知，这张图片是关于北极熊的，北极熊属于动物。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据食物链可知，北极熊的食物是环斑海豹。故选D。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Polar bears have thick (厚的) fat to keep themselves warm.”可知，北极熊有厚厚的脂肪可以保暖。故选C。 （25-26八上·陕西西安交通大学附属中学分校·期中）Men and women often have different styles in learning and solving problems. Teachers and parents are eager to know why. After some studies on their daily behaviors, experts found some clear points. Usually, women’s way of learning makes them good at connecting new knowledge with what they learned before. They often take notes of small points and ask questions about unclear parts. For example, a girl might connect a new math formula with a story her teacher told last month. But men’s learning style is more about focusing on one part of knowledge first. They like to master one skill fully before moving to the next. A boy might spend hours practicing a physics experiment until he gets the right result. These differences also show when they face problems. Women often think about more people’s feelings before making a decision. If they need to plan a class activity, they’ll ask classmates’ ideas first. However, men usually look for quick ways to solve problems. They may list possible steps and pick the most effective one without much discussion. Though their styles are not the same, both have their own advantages. They can help each other do better in study and life. Word Bank formula: 公式 experiment: 实验 effective: 有效的 advantages: 优势 1.What does the underlined word “eager” mean in Paragraph 1? A. Interested. B. Worried. C. Bored. D. Sad. 2.What do women usually do when planning a class activity? A. Ask classmates’ ideas first. B. Pick the quickest plan alone. C. Spend hours practicing it. D. Forget to think about others’ feelings. 3.What can we infer from the passage? A. Women’s learning style is better for all subjects. B. Men’s way of solving problems is faster than women’s. C. Men and women can help each other to improve. D. Teachers should ask all students to learn like women. 4.What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the text? A. To ask teachers to change their teaching styles to better help students. B. To show the differences between men and women in learning and problem-solving. C. To explain why girls are good at connecting knowledge with what they learned before. D. To tell that men and women are not the same at all in learning and problem-solving. 【答案】1. A　2. A　3. C　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文主要讲述了男女在学习和解决问题方面常常有不同的风格，并阐述了这些风格的具体表现及各自优势。 (1)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据“Teachers and parents are eager to know why.”结合后文专家开展研究可知，老师和家长应是渴望知道原因，所以“eager”的意思是“渴望的，感兴趣的”，与“Interested”意思相符。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“If they need to plan a class activity, they’ll ask classmates’ ideas first.”可知，女性在计划班级活动时通常会先询问同学们的想法。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文最后提到“Though their styles are not the same, both have their own advantages. They can help each other do better in study and life.”由此可推断出，男女可以互相帮助来提高。故选C。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要描述了男女在学习和解决问题方面的差异。故选B。 主题语境01 人与社会-科普知识与现代技术 Passage 1 （25-26八上·陕西西安新城区第八十三中学·期中）Trees can keep a record of Earth’s climate for a very long time. In fact, trees can live for hundreds—and sometimes even thousands—of years! If you see a stump (树桩), you may find that the top of the stump has many rings (年轮). These rings can tell us how old the tree is, and what the weather was like during each year the tree’s life. In most places, daily weather records have only been kept for the past 100 to 150 years. So, scientists can use trees to learn about the climate hundreds to thousands of years ago. 1.Which part of a tree can record the climate? A. Its rings. B. Its leaves. C. Its fruit. D. Its flowers. 2.How old is the tree in the picture? A. About 14 years old. B. About 17 years old. C. About 20 years old. D. About 22 years old. 3.Which tree lives in a warmer and wetter place? A. B. C. D. 4.Where might you see this passage? A. In a travelling diary. B. In a diary about school life. C. In a book about the climate. D. In a report about a new study. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. D　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文主要讲述树木的年轮可以记录地球气候，帮助科学家了解数百年到数千年前的气候情况。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“These rings can tell us how old the tree is, and what the weather was like during each year the tree’s life.”可知，树木的年轮可以记录气候。故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“One light ring and one dark ring make one year of the tree’s life.”并可数出图中年轮数量约17。故选B。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Tree rings usually grow wider in warm, wet years and are thinner in years when it is cold and dry.”并对比选项，D的年轮更宽，所以D图的这棵树生活在比较温暖和湿润的地方。故选D。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。文章围绕树木年轮与气候的关系展开，属于气候知识范畴，可推知可能出现在关于气候的书籍中。故选C。 Passage 2 （25-26八上·陕西西安碑林区交通大学附属中学·期中）Scientists have found that floating solar panels (漂浮式太阳能板) could provide electricity if they were placed on bodies of water around the world. Solar panels are used to turn sunlight into electricity. Most solar panels are placed on land in large collections called solar farms. But recently people have begun to try putting floating solar panels on water. Because these panels float, some people call them “floatovoltaics”. The researchers looked at 114,555 reservoirs (水库) worldwide. They used computer programs to find out how much electricity could be produced yearly by covering 30% of these reservoirs with floating solar panels. Researchers found the amount was surprisingly large—10 times as the amount of energy as all the solar power being produced in the world now. Floatovoltaics can also help save water by reducing evaporation (蒸发) from reservoirs. The scientists say that solar panels covering just 30% of the reservoirs’ surfaces could save as much water as 300 million people world use in a year. Putting solar panels on water also means that there’s no need to clear land for a solar farm. That’s important as countries work to fight against climate change and protect natural spaces for wild animals. Floatovoltaics aren’t perfect. For example, they cost about 25% more than those on land. Covering too much of a reservoir with panels could influence the plants and animals in the water. Scientists are working to solve these problems. 1.Which of the following is floatovoltaics? A. B. C. D. 2.How many advantages (优点) of floatovoltaics are mentioned in the passage? A. 2． B. 3． C. 4． D. 5． 3.What might the writer talk about next after the passage? A. Where scientists will put floatovoltaics. B. What scientists do to protect the animals and plants. C. Why floatovoltaics influence the plants and animals. D. How scientists solve the problems floatovoltaics bring. 【答案】1. A　2. B　3. D 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了漂浮式太阳能板，通过它来发电有诸多优点，但同时也存在一些问题，科学家们正在着手解决。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“But recently people have begun to try putting floating solar panels on water. Because these panels float, some people call them ‘floatovoltaics’.”可知，浮动光伏是漂浮在水面上的太阳能板，故选A。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Researchers found the amount was surprisingly large—10 times as the amount of energy as all the solar power being produced in the world now.”，“Floatovoltaics can also help save water by reducing evaporation from reservoirs.”及“Putting solar panels on water also means that there’s no need to clear land for a solar farm.”可知，浮动光伏是目前世界上所有太阳能发电量的10倍，还可以减少水库的蒸发来帮助节约用水，还可以节约土地，所以浮动光伏有3个优点，故选B。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“Floatovoltaics aren’t perfect.”及“Scientists are working to solve these problems.”可知，接下来科学家会解决浮动光伏带来的问题，故选D。 主题语境02 人与自我-节假日活动 （25-26八上·陕西西安莲湖区部分学校·期中）The summer holiday is coming. During the holiday, you can do what you like and prepare yourself well for the future. You’ll enjoy your summer holiday with the help of the following suggestions (建议). Take exercise. After studying hard for months, you must be bored and tired. Taking exercise is the best way to get energy again. Swimming and walking are perfect choices for you. All kinds of exercise are good for your health. Learn some basic (基本的) life skills. You will live an independent (独立的) life one day. So you should learn some basic, useful life skills such as washing clothes and cooking. At the same time, you should help your parents with housework to express your thanks to them. Go travelling. The world is a book. Those who don’t travel only read one page. Travelling is so fun. Have you made your own plan? If not, do it at once. During the trip, you will have a chance to get more knowledge (知识). While learning about different cultures, you will also make a lot of friends. Enjoy the time with family members. Family members play an important role in your life. They give you love and care all the time. Don’t forget to spend some time together with them. You will find it great to stay with them, talking about dreams, hobbies or anything you like. As long as you follow the suggestions above, I believe you will have a wonderful holiday next time. 1.How many suggestions are mentioned (涉及) in the passage? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six. 2.According to the passage, if you get bored or tired, you had better_________. A. take exercise B. learn basic life skills C. go travelling D. enjoy the time with family 3.The passage might be written for ________. A. actors B. students C. teachers D. parents 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. B 【解析】【导语】 本文主要介绍了四条如何度过一个美好的暑假的具体建议。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“Take exercise.”、“Learn some basic (基本的) life skills.”、“Go travelling.”和“Enjoy the time with family members.”可知，文章给出了四条建议。故选B。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据“After studying hard for months, you must be bored and tired. Taking exercise is the best way to get energy again.”可知，如果你感到无聊或疲倦，你最好去锻炼。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据“The summer holiday is coming. During the holiday, you can do what you like and prepare yourself well for the future.”及“After studying hard for months, you must be bored and tired.”可知，文章应是给学生们提出了四条关于如何度过美好暑假的建议。故选B。 主题语境03 人与自然-动物与植物 （25-26八上·陕西西安铁一中-11月·期中）Sunflowers are bright and cheerful flowers. But did you know they have a special secret? They can follow the sun! When a sunflower is young, its face turns from east to west during the day, always facing the sun. This is called “heliotropism”. In the morning, the young sunflower faces the east to welcome the rising sun. As the sun moves across the sky, the sunflower slowly turns its face to follow it. At night, it turns back to the east, getting ready for the next morning. Why do they do this? Scientists believe this helps the young plant grow better. By facing the sun all day, the sunflower gets more sunlight. More sunlight helps it grow strong and tall. However, when the sunflower becomes mature and its flower head gets heavy with seeds, it stops moving. The stem becomes hard and fixed. Then, the mature sunflower usually faces towards the east all the time. Facing the east in the morning helps the flower dry the water drops on it quickly and warm up faster, which is better for attracting bees. So, next time you see a field of sunflowers, remember that they are not just pretty faces—they are smart sun followers. 1.What is the scientific name for a plant following the sun? A. Photosynthesis B. Germination C. Heliotropism D. Pollination 2.Why do young sunflowers follow the sun? A. To look more beautiful. B. To get more water. C. To get more sunlight for growth. D. To hide from insects. 3.The word “mature” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________. A. young B. fully grown C. sick D. colorful 【答案】1. C　2. C　3. B 【解析】【导语】 本文讲述了向日葵能追随太阳的特性，幼嫩向日葵追随太阳的原因，以及成熟后不再移动的状态。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文中“When a sunflower is young...This is called ‘heliotropism’”可知，植物追随太阳的科学名称是heliotropism(向阳性)。故选C。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据文中“Scientists believe this helps the young plant grow better. By facing the sun all day, the sunflower gets more sunlight. More sunlight helps it grow strong and tall.”可知，幼嫩向日葵追随太阳是为了获取更多阳光促进生长，故选C。 (3)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据文中“its flower head gets heavy with seeds, it stops moving. The stem becomes hard and fixed”可知，向日葵花头因种子而变得沉重，此时它变得成熟，就停止了运动。茎变硬且固定。此处与前文“young sunflower”对比，“mature”意为“成熟的”，与选项B意思相近。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $