Unit 3 Food可数名词和不可数名词（核心语法精练）-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】2026-2027学年六年级上册英语（沪教版五四学制）

**基本信息** 聚焦可数与不可数名词系统规则，通过分级训练构建“概念-规则-应用”逻辑链，提升语法应用与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |核心语法回顾|语法表格（3模块8要点）|规则分类（规则/不规则变化、量词搭配）|从基础概念到特殊情况递进| |专项能力突破|典型例句（如two glasses of water）|易错点警示（兼类词、单复同形）|规则与例句一一对应| |解题综合提升|6类题型（单选/填空/完形等）|语境应用策略|题型覆盖不同语法应用场景|

单元核心语法精练 Unit 3 Food （新教材沪教版五四学制） （可数名词和不可数名词） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 本单元学习可数与不可数名词。可数名词有单复数，规则变化加 -s 或 -es，不规则变化须记；不可数名词无复数，计量借助量词短语。掌握常见词的可数性是运用关键。 语法模块 具体内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 一、可数名词 单数与复数 可数名词表示数量时须用复数形式。 two books；many apples 规则变化 一般加 -s，s,x,o,ch,sh 加 -es。 box → boxes；tomato → tomatoes 不规则变化 部分名词变化不规则，须强记。 child → children；mouse → mice 二、不可数名词 无复数 不可数名词无复数，不能直接加 -s。 water；bread；milk 借助量词 计量用 a cup of、two boxes of 等。 two glasses of water 谓语单数 不可数名词作主语时谓语用单数。 Milk is good for us. 三、兼类与易混 既可数又不可数 部分词含义不同可数性不同。 chicken 鸡/鸡肉；room 房间/空间 单复同形 部分词单复数形式相同。 sheep；fish（鱼） 使用注意事项 1. 不可数名词（water、bread、milk、rice 等）没有复数形式，不能直接用 many 或 a/an 修饰。 2. 计量不可数名词要用量词短语，如 a glass of water、two boxes of juice。 3. 常见不规则复数须强记：child→children、man→men、woman→women、mouse→mice、tooth→teeth。 一、单项选择 1．There are many ________ on the farm. A．sheeps B．sheepes C．a sheep D．sheep 【答案】D 【详解】句意：农场上有许多绵羊。sheep 单复数同形，many 后接复数意义仍用 sheep。故选 D。 2．We need two ________ of orange juice for the party. A．box B．boxes C．boxs D．boxies 【答案】B 【详解】句意：聚会我们需要两盒橙汁。box 以 x 结尾，复数加 -es。故选 B。 3．My mother bought some ________ and three ________. A．beef; tomatoes B．beef; tomato C．beefs; tomatoes D．beefs; tomato 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我母亲买了一些牛肉和三个西红柿。beef 不可数无复数，tomato 复数加 -es。故选 A。 4．There ________ some milk and two eggs on the table. A．are B．be C．is D．were 【答案】C 【详解】句意：桌上有一些牛奶和两个鸡蛋。there be 就近原则，最近主语 milk 不可数用 is。故选 C。 5．How many ________ are there in your class? A．boy B．boys C．boyes D．boies 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你们班有多少名男孩。how many 后接可数名词复数，boy 直接加 -s。故选 B。 6．The ________ over there are my teachers. A．womans B．woman C．womens D．women 【答案】D 【详解】句意：那边的那些女士是我的老师。woman 复数不规则变为 women。故选 D。 7．I saw two ________ and a cat in the field. A．mice B．mouses C．mice; cats D．mouses; cat 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我在田野里看到两只老鼠和一只猫。mouse 复数不规则变为 mice。故选 A。 8．Would you like some ________? A．breads B．a bread C．bread D．breades 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你想来些面包吗？bread 是不可数名词，无复数形式。故选 C。 9．These ________ are very sharp, so be careful. A．knives B．knife C．knifes D．knivs 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这些刀很锋利，要小心。knife 以 fe 结尾，变 ves。故选 A。 10．There are a lot of ________ in the fridge. A．leaf B．leaves C．leafs D．leavs 【答案】B 【详解】句意：冰箱里有许多树叶。leaf 以 f 结尾，变 ves。故选 B。 二、单句语法填空：在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给词的适当形式填空 1．There are four ________ (box) on the desk. 【答案】boxes 【详解】句意：桌上有四个盒子。box 以 x 结尾，复数加 -es。 2．My mum bought two ________ (tomato) and some beef. 【答案】tomatoes 【详解】句意：我母亲买了一个西红柿和些牛肉。tomato 以 o 结尾，复数加 -es。 3．Those ________ (child) are playing in the park. 【答案】children 【详解】句意：那些孩子正在公园玩。child 复数不规则变为 children。 4．We saw many ________ (sheep) on the hill. 【答案】sheep 【详解】句意：我们在山上看到许多绵羊。sheep 单复数同形。 5．The ________ (leaf) on the tree turn yellow in autumn. 【答案】leaves 【详解】句意：树上的叶子秋天变黄。leaf 以 f 结尾，变 leaves。 6．She has two ________ (knife) in her bag. 【答案】knives 【详解】句意：她包里有两把刀。knife 以 fe 结尾，变 knives。 7．Here are some ________ (photo) of our trip. 【答案】photos 【详解】句意：这是一些我们旅行的照片。photo 以 o 结尾，直接加 -s。 8．Three ________ (woman) doctors are in the office. 【答案】women 【详解】句意：三位女医生在办公室。woman 复数不规则变为 women。 9．The cat caught two ________ (mouse) last night. 【答案】mice 【详解】句意：猫昨晚抓了两只老鼠。mouse 复数不规则变为 mice。 10．You should brush your ________ (tooth) twice a day. 【答案】teeth 【详解】句意：你应当每天刷两次牙。tooth 复数不规则变为 teeth。 三、按要求完成句子 1．她想要一些新鲜蔬菜。 She would like some fresh ________. 【答案】vegetables 【详解】句意：她想要一些新鲜蔬菜。vegetable 以 e 结尾，复数加 -s。 2．杯子里有一些牛奶。 There is some ________ in the cup. 【答案】milk 【详解】句意：杯子里有一些牛奶。milk 是不可数名词，无复数。 3．我们需要两盒橙汁。 We need two ________ of orange juice. 【答案】boxes 【详解】句意：我们需要两盒橙汁。box 以 x 结尾，复数加 -es。 4．冰箱里有很多鸡蛋。 There are many ________ in the fridge. 【答案】eggs 【详解】句意：冰箱里有很多鸡蛋。egg 直接加 -s。 5．我们想要一些鸡肉和米饭。 We would like some ________ and ________. 【答案】chicken; rice 【详解】句意：我们想要一些鸡肉和米饭。chicken 与 rice 在此均不可数。 6．This is a book. (改为复数句) ________ ________ books. 【答案】These are 【详解】句意：这些是书。this 变 these，is 变 are。 7．There is a cat on the chair. (改为复数句) There ________ ________ ________ on the chair. 【答案】are; two cats 【详解】句意：椅子上有两只猫。is 变 are，a cat 变 two cats。 8．He has an apple. (改为复数形式) They ________ two ________. 【答案】have; apples 【详解】句意：他们有两个苹果。has 变 have，an apple 变 two apples。 9．This knife is mine. (改为复数句) ________ ________ are mine. 【答案】These knives 【详解】句意：这些刀是我的。this 变 these，knife 变 knives。 10．She is a bus driver. (改为复数形式) They ________ ________ ________. 【答案】are; bus drivers 【详解】句意：他们是公交车司机。is 变 are，a bus driver 变 bus drivers。 四、完形填空 Passage 1 根据文章内容在A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 You can buy chewing gum (口香糖) in nearly every country of the world. But it wasn’t always like that. The American Indians were the first people to chew gum. This gum 1 a special kind of tree that grew on their land. In 1848, a sailor called John Curtis began selling it. He was the first person to sell chewing gum. The gum he sold cost just a few cents for two pieces. It became 2 very quickly even though it was very hard to chew. Nowadays, other things are added to the gum to make it soft and sweet. By 1890, there were hundreds of different chewing gums. The most famous name in chewing gum, however, is probably William Wrigley. He 3 a lot of money in advertising and even sent free pieces of gum to children on their birthdays. He also said that chewing gum helped people work better and that it stopped people 4 feeling tired. Although today millions of people chew gum, not 5 thinks it is a good thing to do. Many people think it is dirty. The Singapore government does not allow people to buy chewing gum. One reason for this is that when some people have chewed all the taste out of their piece of gum, they take it out of their 6 and put it onto the backs of seats or other places. What will you do after you chew the gum? 1．A．came from B．fell off C．went back D．got to 2．A．delicious B．popular C．friendly D．nice 3．A．cost B．took C．used D．spent 4．A．up B．from C．on D．in 5．A．everyone B．anyone C．someone D．no one 6．A．ears B．lips C．mouths D．eyes 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．A 6．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文中主要介绍了口香糖的来历以及它的发展史。虽然现在口香糖风靡世界，但是，并不是所有的国家都欢迎它。正所谓万物都具有两面性，处理好了也就化弊为利了。 【详解】1．句意：这种口香糖来自他们土地上生长的一种特殊的树。 came from来自；fell off跌落；went back回去；got to不得不。根据“a special kind of tree that grew on their land.”可知，此处指口香糖的来源，came from符合，故选A。 2．句意：它很快就流行起来，尽管它很难咀嚼。 delicious美味的；popular流行的；friendly友好的；nice美好的。根据“very quickly even though it was very hard to chew.”可知，此处表达口香糖很快流行起来，故选B。 3．句意：他在广告上花了很多钱，甚至在孩子们生日的时候送给他们免费的口香糖。 cost花费，主语是物；took花费，常用于花时间；used使用；spent花费，主语是人。根据“He …a lot of money in advertising”可知，主语为人，此处指花费金钱，spent符合，故选D。 4．句意：他还说，嚼口香糖可以帮助人们更好地工作，并且可以防止人们感到疲劳。 up向上；from来自；on在……之上；in在……内。stop sb from doing sth“阻止某人做某事”，固定搭配，故选B。 5．句意：虽然今天有数百万人嚼口香糖，但并不是每个人都认为这是一件好事。 everyone每个人；anyone任何人；someone有人；no one没有人。根据“not … thinks it is a good thing to do”可知，此处表达并不是每个人都认为这是一件好事，故选A。 6．句意：其中一个原因是，当一些人咀嚼完口香糖的味道后，他们会把口香糖从嘴里拿出来，放在座位后面或其他地方。 ears耳朵；lips嘴唇；mouths嘴巴；eyes眼睛。根据“they take it out of their”可知是把口香糖从嘴里取出来，故选C。 Passage 2 根据短文内容，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 The food pagoda helps us understand the proper amount of different food groups in a balanced diet. It can guide people of all 1 , including children, to make healthy food choices. At the bottom of the pagoda are grains, which are the foundation (基础) of a balanced diet. These include whole grain bread, rice and pasta. They provide carbohydrates (碳水化合物), vitamins and minerals. The next layer includes vegetables and fruits, which are rich in vitamins, minerals and fiber. We need to have 2 of them every day. The middle layer shows protein-rich foods such as meat, fish, beans, eggs and nuts. These foods are 3 of to the growth, repair and maintenance of bodies. At the top of the pagoda are dairy products, which are full of calcium (钙), an essential nutrient for 4 bones and teeth. Finally, include fats and sweets in a 5 amount. These kinds of food should not be eaten too much, as they are high in calories and may lead to weight gain and health problems. By following the food pagoda guidelines, you can make sure that you are having a 6 diet that provides the necessary nutrients for growth, development and health. 1．A．ages B．genders C．nations D．cultures 2．A．little B．few C．lot D．plenty 3．A．convenient B．important C．comfortable D．expensive 4．A．weak B．strong C．hard D．beautiful 5．A．short B．great C．small D．big 6．A．healthy B．simple C．tasty D．bad 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．C 6．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了食物金字塔，它有助于我们了解均衡饮食中不同食物组的适当摄入量，可以指导包括儿童在内的各个年龄段的人做出健康的食物选择。 【详解】1．句意：它（食物金字塔）可以指导包括儿童在内的各个年龄段的人做出健康的食物选择。 ages年龄；genders性别；nations国家；cultures文化。根据“including children”可知，食物金字塔可以指导包括儿童在内的各个年龄段的人。故选A。 2．句意：我们每天都需要吃很多蔬菜和水果。 little很少，修饰不可数名词；few很少，修饰可数名词复数；lot许多，一般不单独使用；plenty大量，一般与of连用。根据“We need to have…of them every day.”可知，此处指每天需要摄入大量的蔬菜和水果，plenty of“大量，许多”，固定短语。故选D。 3．句意：这些食物对身体的生长、修复和维持很重要。 convenient方便的；important重要的；comfortable舒服的；expensive昂贵的。根据“The middle layer shows protein-rich foods such as meat, fish, beans, eggs and nuts.”可知，富含蛋白质的食物对身体的生长、修复和维持很重要。故选B。 4．句意：在金字塔的顶端是乳制品，它们富含钙，钙是强健骨骼和牙齿所必需的营养物质。 weak虚弱的；strong强壮的；hard坚硬的；beautiful美丽的。根据“At the top of the pagoda are dairy products, which are full of calcium (钙), an essential nutrient for…bones and teeth.”可知，钙是强健骨骼和牙齿所必需的营养物质。故选B。 5．句意：最后，要摄入少量的脂肪和甜食。 short短的；great伟大的；small小的；big大的。根据“These kinds of food should not be eaten too much, as they are high in calories and may lead to weight gain and health problems.”可知，脂肪和甜食热量高，可能会导致体重增加和健康问题，所以应摄入少量。故选C。 6．句意：遵循食物金字塔的指导方针，你可以确保你有一个健康的饮食，为生长、发育和健康提供必要的营养。 healthy健康的；simple简单的；tasty美味的；bad坏的。根据“that provides the necessary nutrients for growth, development and health”可知，遵循食物金字塔的指导方针可以确保有一个健康的饮食。故选A。 Passage 3 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 The food pyramid helps us understand the proper proportions (比例) of different food 1 in a balanced diet. It was created to guide people of all 2 , including children, in making healthy food choices. At the base of the pyramid are grains, which are the foundation (基础) of a balanced diet. These include whole grain bread, rice and pasta. They provide carbohydrates (碳水化合物), vitamins and minerals. The next layer includes vegetables and fruits, which are rich in vitamins, minerals and fiber. We need to have 3 of them every day. The middle layer shows protein-rich foods such as meat, fish, beans, eggs and nuts. These foods are important to the growth, repair and maintenance of bodies. At the top of the pyramid are dairy products, which are full of calcium (钙), an essential nutrient for 4 bones and teeth. Finally, include fats and sweets in a 5 amount. These kinds of food should not be eaten too much, as they are high in calories and may lead to weight gain and health problems. By following the food pyramid guidelines, you can make sure that you are having a 6 diet that provides the necessary nutrients for growth, development and health. 1．A．recipes B．groups C．choices D．traditions 2．A．ages B．genders C．nations D．cultures 3．A．much B．many C．lot D．plenty 4．A．weak B．strong C．good D．beautiful 5．A．short B．great C．small D．big 6．A．healthy B．nice C．tasty D．bad 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了食物金字塔的概念和作用，以及如何通过食物金字塔来指导人们选择健康的食物，保持均衡的饮食。 【详解】1．句意：食物金字塔帮助我们理解均衡饮食中不同食物组的适当比例。 recipes食谱；groups组；choices选择；traditions传统。根据空前“proper proportions”可知，该空与空前“different food”组成短语的意思是“不同食物组”即“different food groups”。故选B。 2．句意：它被设计出来是为了指导所有年龄段的人，包括儿童，做出健康的食物选择。 ages年龄；genders性别；nations民族；cultures文化。根据空后“including children”可知，指的是包括儿童在内的所有年龄段的人，应填“ages”。故选A。 3．句意：我们需要每天摄入大量的蔬菜和水果。 much许多；many许多；lot大量；plenty大量。根据空后“of”可知，该结构为“plenty of”即“大量的”。故选D。 4．句意：在金字塔的顶端是奶制品，它们富含钙，这是强健骨骼和牙齿所必需的营养素。 weak弱的；strong强的；good好的；beautiful美丽的。根据空后“bones and teeth”可知，该形容词用来修饰骨骼和牙齿，应用“strong”。故选B。 5．句意：最后，要少量摄入脂肪和甜食。 short短的；great伟大的；small小的；big大的。根据空前“in a”和空后“amount”可知，该短语为“in a small amount”即“少量添加”在句中作状语。故选C。 6．句意：遵循食物金字塔的指南，你可以确保你的饮食是健康的，能为生长、发育和健康提供必要的营养素。 healthy健康的；nice好的；tasty美味的；bad坏的。根据空后“provides the necessary nutrients for growth, development and health.”可知，这种饮食是健康的。故选A。 五、短文填空 Passage 4 Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms, one word for each blank. (用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每空格限填一词。) Our school holds a fun cooking competition every year, all about 1 (taste) and healthy food. The competition has a 2 (history) background (背景), too. It aims to keep the tradition of healthy home cooking alive, a tradition from many years ago. Student 3 (cook) from every class are excited to show off their kitchen skills. They all agree that it is 4 (need) to use too much sauce or salt. Every dish should be healthy and 5 (balance), with fresh vegetables and lean meat as the main ingredients. When we taste the food, everyone is 6 (please) to share what they think of each dish. This fun day is 7 (possible) the happiest event we have each term. Every student makes a smart 8 (choose) to care more about nutrition than just good taste. When the winners are named, they smile and nod. They are 9 (true) happy. All of us feel 10 (pride) of them for helping more people learn to eat healthily. 【答案】 1．tasty 2．historical 3．cooks 4．needless 5．balanced 6．pleased 7．possibly 8．choice 9．truly 10．proud 【导语】本文讲述了学校每年举办的趣味烹饪比赛，强调健康饮食的重要性，并描述了比赛的背景、学生的参与情况以及比赛带来的积极影响。 【详解】1．句意：我们学校每年都会举办一场有趣的烹饪比赛，都是关于美味和健康的食物。根据“and healthy food”可知，此处应该填一个形容词与healthy并列，修饰food，taste的形容词形式tasty，意为“美味的”，符合语境。故填tasty。 2．句意：这个比赛也有历史背景。根据“background”可知，此处需要一个形容词修饰名词，history的形容词形式historical，意为“历史的”，符合语境。故填historical。 3．句意：来自每个班级的学生厨师们都兴奋地展示他们的厨艺。根据“from every class”可知，此处指来自每个班级的学生厨师，cook的名词形式cook，意为“厨师”，且此处不止一个厨师，因此用复数形式cooks。故填cooks。 4．句意：他们都认为使用太多酱汁或盐是不必要的。根据后文“Every dish should be healthy”可知，使用太多酱汁或盐是不被提倡的。因此，此处需要一个表示“不必要”的形容词。“need”的否定形容词为“needless”，意为“不必要的”，符合语境。故填needless。 5．句意：每道菜都应该是健康和均衡的，以新鲜蔬菜和瘦肉为主要食材。根据“healthy and...”可知，此处应该填一个形容词与healthy并列，balance的形容词形式balanced，意为“均衡的”，符合语境。故填balanced。 6．句意：当我们品尝食物时，每个人都很高兴，分享着他们对每道菜的看法。根据“everyone is...”可知，此处需要一个形容词作表语，please的形容词形式pleased，意为“高兴的”，符合语境。故填pleased。 7．句意：这个有趣的日子可能是我们每学期最快乐的活动。根据“the happiest event”可知，此处需要一个副词修饰整个句子，possible的副词形式possibly，意为“可能地”，符合语境。故填possibly。 8．句意：每个学生都做出了明智的选择，更加关注营养而不仅仅是味道。根据“makes a smart...”可知，此处需要一个名词单数作宾语，choose的名词形式choice，意为“选择”，符合语境。故填choice。 9．句意：他们真的很开心。根据“happy”可知，此处需要一个副词修饰形容词，true的副词形式truly，意为“真正地”，符合语境。故填truly。 10．句意：我们都为他们感到骄傲，因为他们帮助更多的人学会了健康饮食。根据“feel...of”可知，此处是固定短语feel proud of“为……感到骄傲”，pride的形容词形式proud，意为“骄傲的”，符合语境。故填proud。 Passage 5 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空（必要时可加情态动词或助动词）。 Hello, my name is Jeff. I have a brother and a sister. My brother’s name is Rick. And Cindy is my sister. We three want 1 (eat) different food, but it’s difficult for our mother 2 (make) food for us. Today, our mother 3 (ask) us to think about the food for dinner. It’s not easy. I like tomatoes and I think they 4 (be) good for me. But Rick 5 (not like) them. He likes chicken. He always 6 (have) it for dinner. But Cindy doesn’t like it. She only likes burgers. But Rick and I don’t like them. We think burgers are not good. Then our mother 7 (say), “How about 8 (have) some fruit salad?” I like pears. Rick likes apples and Cindy loves strawberries. We 9 (put) all of them in the fruit salad. We all think our mother is right. Her idea sounds great! At last we have fruit salad for dinner. It 10 (taste) delicious. 【答案】 1．to eat 2．to make 3．asks 4．are 5．doesn’t like 6．has 7．says 8．having 9．can put 10．tastes 【导语】本文主要介绍了Jeff和他的哥哥Rick、妹妹Cindy一家人晚餐想吃不同食物，最后妈妈提议做水果沙拉，大家都很喜欢的事。 【详解】1．句意：我们三个人都想吃不同的食物，但是我们的妈妈很难给我们做食物。want to do sth“想做某事”，固定搭配。故填to eat。 2．句意：我们三个人都想吃不同的食物，但是我们的妈妈很难给我们做食物。根据“ it’s difficult for our mother…”可知，此处是it’s+adj.+for sb+to do sth“对某人来说做某事……”的固定句型。故填to make。 3．句意：今天，我们妈妈让我们想一想晚餐吃什么。根据“Today”可知，句子为一般现在时，our mother作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填asks。 4．句意：我喜欢西红柿，我认为它们对我有好处。描述事实句子用一般现在时，they作主语，be动词用are。故填are。 5．句意：但是Rick不喜欢它们。根据语境可知，时态是一般现在时，主语Rick是第三人称单数，否定形式要用doesn’t+动词原形。故填doesn’t like。 6．句意：他晚餐总是吃它（鸡肉）。根据“always”可知，时态是一般现在时，He作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has。 7．句意：然后我们的妈妈说：“来点水果沙拉怎么样？”根据语境可知，时态是一般现在时，主语our mother是第三人称单数，因此谓语动词say要用第三人称单数形式。故填says。 8．句意：然后我们的妈妈说：“来点水果沙拉怎么样？”How about doing sth“做某事怎么样”，固定用法。故填having。 9．句意：我们可以把所有这些水果放进水果沙拉里。根据“We…all of them in the fruit salad”可知，此处表示可以把所有水果都放进去，应用情态动词can加动词原形。故填can put。 10．句意：它尝起来很美味。根据语境可知，时态是一般现在时，主语It是第三人称单数，因此谓语动词taste要用第三人称单数形式。故填tastes。 Passage 6 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 What food do you eat every day? Do you eat 1 (health) food? Now many people like to have black food—black rice, black beans and black grapes. 2 do they like black food? Here are some of their answers. Black food is good for their 3 (heart). Black food can help their children be smart. Black food can make their white hair 4 black hair. Black food is very good, but our body 5 (need) food of different colors. Food is colorful. Some food is green, some food is red, and some is black. It isn’t good 6 (eat) food of the same color for a long time. Colorful 7 (fruit) and vegetables are good for our health. Their colors help us keep healthy. Green is good for our eyes. Blue and purple help us remember things 8 (good). They are good for our eyes, too. Red gets us healthy hearts. Yellow and orange get us Vitamin C． So we should not eat only a 9 kinds of foods. You can take photos of your foods for some days. Then you can use them to know clearly 10 you eat every day. 【答案】 1．healthy 2．Why 3．hearts 4．into 5．needs 6．to eat 7．fruits 8．well 9．few 10．what 【导语】本文讲述了人们每天吃的食物，强调了黑色食物的好处，但同时也指出身体需要不同颜色的食物来保持健康，并建议不要只吃单一颜色的食物。 【详解】1．句意：你吃健康的食物吗？根据“food”可知，此处需要一个形容词来修饰名词，表示“健康的食物”，因此用“health”的形容词形式“healthy”。故填healthy。 2．句意：他们为什么喜欢黑色食物？根据“Here are some of their answers.”可知，此处是在询问原因，因此用疑问词“Why”来引导问题。故填Why。 3．句意：黑色食物对他们的心脏有好处。根据“Black food is good for their”可知，此处表示黑色食物对心脏有益，且“heart”为可数名词，此处应用复数形式表示泛指。故填hearts。 4．句意：黑色食物能使他们的白发变成黑发。根据“make their white hair...black hair”可知，此处表示将白发变成黑发，因此用介词“into”表示“变成”。故填into。 5．句意：黑色食物很好，但我们的身体需要不同颜色的食物。根据“but our body”可知，此处描述的是一般事实，且主语“our body”为第三人称单数，因此用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式“needs”。故填needs。 6．句意：长时间吃同一种颜色的食物是不好的。根据“It isn’t good”可知，此处为固定句型“It is+形容词+to do sth.”，表示“做某事是……的”，因此用动词不定式“to eat”。故填to eat。 7．句意：五颜六色的水果和蔬菜对我们的健康有好处。根据“and vegetables”可知，此处需要一个名词与“vegetables”并列，表示“水果和蔬菜”，且“fruit”为可数名词，此处应用复数形式表示泛指。故填fruits。 8．句意：蓝色和紫色帮助我们很好地记住事情。根据“remember things”可知，此处需要一个副词来修饰动词，表示“很好地记住”，因此用“good”的副词形式“well”。故填well。 9．句意：所以我们不应该只吃几种食物。根据“So we should not eat only a...kinds of foods.”可知，此处表示不应该只吃少数几种食物，因此用“a few”表示“少数，一些”。故填few。 10．句意：然后你可以用它们来清楚地了解你每天吃什么。根据“you eat every day”可知，此处需要一个宾语从句的引导词，且引导词在从句中作“eat”的宾语，表示“吃的东西”，因此用“what”来引导。故填what。 六、选词填空 Passage 7 A．tasty   B．prepare   C． colours   D．ties   E. control   F. active Eating healthy food every day is very important for us. It helps us grow strong and stay 1 . Here are some simple tips for you to make good choices about what you eat and drink. First, always think about food safety. For example, wash your hands before eating and keep your food in a clean, cool place. Second, when choosing meals, try to eat food of different 2 , such as yellow bananas, green peppers, and red tomatoes. A good recipe for health is to drink water or milk instead of sugary drinks. If you feel hungry between meals, 3 a healthy snack. Some fresh fruit or yogurt will be better than chips or cookies. Also, try to 4 how much salt and sugar you eat. If you have questions about food, ask your teacher or family. By following these tips, you can enjoy 5 food and stay healthy! 【答案】 1．F 2．C 3．B 4．E 5．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了健康饮食的重要性以及给出了一些关于如何选择健康食物和饮品的建议。 【详解】1．句意：它帮助我们变得强壮并保持活跃。根据“It helps us grow strong and stay…”可知，此处缺少和strong同类的形容词，应选active“活跃的”。故填F。 2．句意：其次，选择餐食时，尝试吃不同颜色的食物，如黄色的香蕉、绿色的辣椒和红色的西红柿。根据“such as yellow bananas, green peppers, and red tomatoes. ”可知，此处指吃不同颜色的食物，different后接名词复数形式，应选colours“颜色”。故填C。 3．句意：如果你在两餐之间感到饥饿，准备一份健康的零食。根据“a healthy snack.”可知，此处缺少动词形式，feel为一般现在时态，prepare“准备”应用动词原形。故填B。 4．句意：此外，试着控制你摄入的盐和糖的量。根据“how much salt and sugar you eat.”可知，此处缺少动词，control“控制”，动词，try to do sth.后接动词原形。故填E。 5．句意：通过遵循这些建议，你可以享受美味的食物并保持健康。根据“food”可知，此处缺少形容词修饰food，tasty“美味的”，形容词。故填A。 Passage 8 将下列单词填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次。 A．vegetables   B．brings         C． come back       D．get there E. restaurant F. sounds Tony is my good friend. He can make good food. One day, he asks me to his 1 to have dinner. When I 2 , he gives me a menu. I order a special dish called “Walk on the paths in the country”. I think it must be very great because its name 3 beautiful. After ten minutes, he 4 it out. There are two trotters (猪蹄) with some green 5 around them! Now I know why its name is “Walk on the paths in the country”. It’s really great and I’ll never forget it. 【答案】 1．E 2．D 3．F 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文讲述了我的好朋友Tony邀请我去他的餐馆吃饭，我点了一道特别的菜的故事。 【详解】1．句意：一天，他邀请我去他的餐馆吃晚餐。根据后文“he gives me a menu.”可知他给了我一份菜单，可推断此处是餐馆，因此用restaurant“餐馆”。故选E。 2．句意：当我到达那儿时，他给了我一份菜单。根据“When I...”可知，是我到达的时候，因此用get there“到达那儿”。故选D。 3．句意：我想它一定很棒，因为它的名字听起来很美好。根据“Walk on the paths in the country”可知这道菜的名字听起来很美好，因此用sounds“听起来”。故选F。 4．句意：十分钟之后。他把它拿了出来。根据“he...it out”可知是Tony把菜带了出来，因此用brings“拿来，带来”。故选B。 5．句意：有两只猪蹄和一些绿色的蔬菜围绕它们。根据“two trotters with some green...”可知此处应是猪蹄和其他的食材，因此用vegetables“蔬菜。故填A。 Passage 9 将下列单词或词组填入空格。每个单词或词组限填一次。 A．watching  B．lunch  C． lots of  D．boring  E.meal  F. health Do you know many students aren’t healthy today? Now many students know sports are good for their 1 . But they don’t like playing sports. Some of them only watch them on TV. What’s more (另外), many of them only like 2 TV and playing computer games. They always say, “Play soccer? Oh, it sounds difficult. Play basketball? Oh, it sounds 3 .” And many boys and girls don’t like vegetables. They don’t have carrots for 4 and they don’t have tomatoes for dinner. But vegetables and fruit are healthy food. They need to eat 5 them every day, but they like junk food. They like eating the ice cream and hamburgers. So if you want to be healthy, eat vegetables and play sports every day! 【答案】 1．F 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要是介绍许多学生没有健康的饮食和运动习惯，建议学生们每天多吃蔬菜水果和多运动。 【详解】1．句意：现在，许多学生知道运动对他们的健康有好处。根据“sports are good for their”和备选词汇可知，运动对健康有好处，health“健康”，故填F。 2．句意：另外，他们中的许多人只喜欢看电视和玩电脑游戏。根据“TV”和备选词汇可知是看电视，watch TV“看电视”，like doing“喜欢做”，故填A。 3．句意：哦，那听起来很无聊。根据“Play soccer? Oh, it sounds difficult.”和备选词汇可知，打篮球听起来无聊，boring“无聊的”，故填D。 4．句意：他们午餐不吃胡萝卜，晚餐不吃西红柿。根据“and they don’t have tomatoes for dinner.”和备选词汇可知是指午餐，lunch“午餐”，故填B。 5．句意：他们需要每天吃很多，但是他们喜欢垃圾食品。根据“But vegetables and fruit are healthy food.”和备选词汇可知，每天要吃许多蔬菜和水果，lots of“许多”，故填C。 6 / 16乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 3 Food （新教材沪教版五四学制） （可数名词和不可数名词） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 本单元学习可数与不可数名词。可数名词有单复数，规则变化加 -s 或 -es，不规则变化须记；不可数名词无复数，计量借助量词短语。掌握常见词的可数性是运用关键。 语法模块 具体内容 结构 / 规则 典型例句及翻译 一、可数名词 单数与复数 可数名词表示数量时须用复数形式。 two books；many apples 规则变化 一般加 -s，s,x,o,ch,sh 加 -es。 box → boxes；tomato → tomatoes 不规则变化 部分名词变化不规则，须强记。 child → children；mouse → mice 二、不可数名词 无复数 不可数名词无复数，不能直接加 -s。 water；bread；milk 借助量词 计量用 a cup of、two boxes of 等。 two glasses of water 谓语单数 不可数名词作主语时谓语用单数。 Milk is good for us. 三、兼类与易混 既可数又不可数 部分词含义不同可数性不同。 chicken 鸡/鸡肉；room 房间/空间 单复同形 部分词单复数形式相同。 sheep；fish（鱼） 使用注意事项 1. 不可数名词（water、bread、milk、rice 等）没有复数形式，不能直接用 many 或 a/an 修饰。 2. 计量不可数名词要用量词短语，如 a glass of water、two boxes of juice。 3. 常见不规则复数须强记：child→children、man→men、woman→women、mouse→mice、tooth→teeth。 一、单项选择 1．There are many ________ on the farm. A．sheeps B．sheepes C．a sheep D．sheep 2．We need two ________ of orange juice for the party. A．box B．boxes C．boxs D．boxies 3．My mother bought some ________ and three ________. A．beef; tomatoes B．beef; tomato C．beefs; tomatoes D．beefs; tomato 4．There ________ some milk and two eggs on the table. A．are B．be C．is D．were 5．How many ________ are there in your class? A．boy B．boys C．boyes D．boies 6．The ________ over there are my teachers. A．womans B．woman C．womens D．women 7．I saw two ________ and a cat in the field. A．mice B．mouses C．mice; cats D．mouses; cat 8．Would you like some ________? A．breads B．a bread C．bread D．breades 9．These ________ are very sharp, so be careful. A．knives B．knife C．knifes D．knivs 10．There are a lot of ________ in the fridge. A．leaf B．leaves C．leafs D．leavs 二、单句语法填空：在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给词的适当形式填空 1．There are four ________ (box) on the desk. 2．My mum bought two ________ (tomato) and some beef. 3．Those ________ (child) are playing in the park. 4．We saw many ________ (sheep) on the hill. 5．The ________ (leaf) on the tree turn yellow in autumn. 6．She has two ________ (knife) in her bag. 7．Here are some ________ (photo) of our trip. 8．Three ________ (woman) doctors are in the office. 9．The cat caught two ________ (mouse) last night. 10．You should brush your ________ (tooth) twice a day. 三、按要求完成句子 1．她想要一些新鲜蔬菜。 She would like some fresh ________. 2．杯子里有一些牛奶。 There is some ________ in the cup. 3．我们需要两盒橙汁。 We need two ________ of orange juice. 4．冰箱里有很多鸡蛋。 There are many ________ in the fridge. 5．我们想要一些鸡肉和米饭。 We would like some ________ and ________. 6．This is a book. (改为复数句) ________ ________ books. 7．There is a cat on the chair. (改为复数句) There ________ ________ ________ on the chair. 8．He has an apple. (改为复数形式) They ________ two ________. 9．This knife is mine. (改为复数句) ________ ________ are mine. 10．She is a bus driver. (改为复数形式) They ________ ________ ________. 四、完形填空 Passage 1 根据文章内容在A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 You can buy chewing gum (口香糖) in nearly every country of the world. But it wasn’t always like that. The American Indians were the first people to chew gum. This gum 1 a special kind of tree that grew on their land. In 1848, a sailor called John Curtis began selling it. He was the first person to sell chewing gum. The gum he sold cost just a few cents for two pieces. It became 2 very quickly even though it was very hard to chew. Nowadays, other things are added to the gum to make it soft and sweet. By 1890, there were hundreds of different chewing gums. The most famous name in chewing gum, however, is probably William Wrigley. He 3 a lot of money in advertising and even sent free pieces of gum to children on their birthdays. He also said that chewing gum helped people work better and that it stopped people 4 feeling tired. Although today millions of people chew gum, not 5 thinks it is a good thing to do. Many people think it is dirty. The Singapore government does not allow people to buy chewing gum. One reason for this is that when some people have chewed all the taste out of their piece of gum, they take it out of their 6 and put it onto the backs of seats or other places. What will you do after you chew the gum? 1．A．came from B．fell off C．went back D．got to 2．A．delicious B．popular C．friendly D．nice 3．A．cost B．took C．used D．spent 4．A．up B．from C．on D．in 5．A．everyone B．anyone C．someone D．no one 6．A．ears B．lips C．mouths D．eyes Passage 2 根据短文内容，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 The food pagoda helps us understand the proper amount of different food groups in a balanced diet. It can guide people of all 1 , including children, to make healthy food choices. At the bottom of the pagoda are grains, which are the foundation (基础) of a balanced diet. These include whole grain bread, rice and pasta. They provide carbohydrates (碳水化合物), vitamins and minerals. The next layer includes vegetables and fruits, which are rich in vitamins, minerals and fiber. We need to have 2 of them every day. The middle layer shows protein-rich foods such as meat, fish, beans, eggs and nuts. These foods are 3 of to the growth, repair and maintenance of bodies. At the top of the pagoda are dairy products, which are full of calcium (钙), an essential nutrient for 4 bones and teeth. Finally, include fats and sweets in a 5 amount. These kinds of food should not be eaten too much, as they are high in calories and may lead to weight gain and health problems. By following the food pagoda guidelines, you can make sure that you are having a 6 diet that provides the necessary nutrients for growth, development and health. 1．A．ages B．genders C．nations D．cultures 2．A．little B．few C．lot D．plenty 3．A．convenient B．important C．comfortable D．expensive 4．A．weak B．strong C．hard D．beautiful 5．A．short B．great C．small D．big 6．A．healthy B．simple C．tasty D．bad Passage 3 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 The food pyramid helps us understand the proper proportions (比例) of different food 1 in a balanced diet. It was created to guide people of all 2 , including children, in making healthy food choices. At the base of the pyramid are grains, which are the foundation (基础) of a balanced diet. These include whole grain bread, rice and pasta. They provide carbohydrates (碳水化合物), vitamins and minerals. The next layer includes vegetables and fruits, which are rich in vitamins, minerals and fiber. We need to have 3 of them every day. The middle layer shows protein-rich foods such as meat, fish, beans, eggs and nuts. These foods are important to the growth, repair and maintenance of bodies. At the top of the pyramid are dairy products, which are full of calcium (钙), an essential nutrient for 4 bones and teeth. Finally, include fats and sweets in a 5 amount. These kinds of food should not be eaten too much, as they are high in calories and may lead to weight gain and health problems. By following the food pyramid guidelines, you can make sure that you are having a 6 diet that provides the necessary nutrients for growth, development and health. 1．A．recipes B．groups C．choices D．traditions 2．A．ages B．genders C．nations D．cultures 3．A．much B．many C．lot D．plenty 4．A．weak B．strong C．good D．beautiful 5．A．short B．great C．small D．big 6．A．healthy B．nice C．tasty D．bad 五、短文填空 Passage 4 Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms, one word for each blank. (用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每空格限填一词。) Our school holds a fun cooking competition every year, all about 1 (taste) and healthy food. The competition has a 2 (history) background (背景), too. It aims to keep the tradition of healthy home cooking alive, a tradition from many years ago. Student 3 (cook) from every class are excited to show off their kitchen skills. They all agree that it is 4 (need) to use too much sauce or salt. Every dish should be healthy and 5 (balance), with fresh vegetables and lean meat as the main ingredients. When we taste the food, everyone is 6 (please) to share what they think of each dish. This fun day is 7 (possible) the happiest event we have each term. Every student makes a smart 8 (choose) to care more about nutrition than just good taste. When the winners are named, they smile and nod. They are 9 (true) happy. All of us feel 10 (pride) of them for helping more people learn to eat healthily. Passage 5 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空（必要时可加情态动词或助动词）。 Hello, my name is Jeff. I have a brother and a sister. My brother’s name is Rick. And Cindy is my sister. We three want 1 (eat) different food, but it’s difficult for our mother 2 (make) food for us. Today, our mother 3 (ask) us to think about the food for dinner. It’s not easy. I like tomatoes and I think they 4 (be) good for me. But Rick 5 (not like) them. He likes chicken. He always 6 (have) it for dinner. But Cindy doesn’t like it. She only likes burgers. But Rick and I don’t like them. We think burgers are not good. Then our mother 7 (say), “How about 8 (have) some fruit salad?” I like pears. Rick likes apples and Cindy loves strawberries. We 9 (put) all of them in the fruit salad. We all think our mother is right. Her idea sounds great! At last we have fruit salad for dinner. It 10 (taste) delicious. Passage 6 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 What food do you eat every day? Do you eat 1 (health) food? Now many people like to have black food—black rice, black beans and black grapes. 2 do they like black food? Here are some of their answers. Black food is good for their 3 (heart). Black food can help their children be smart. Black food can make their white hair 4 black hair. Black food is very good, but our body 5 (need) food of different colors. Food is colorful. Some food is green, some food is red, and some is black. It isn’t good 6 (eat) food of the same color for a long time. Colorful 7 (fruit) and vegetables are good for our health. Their colors help us keep healthy. Green is good for our eyes. Blue and purple help us remember things 8 (good). They are good for our eyes, too. Red gets us healthy hearts. Yellow and orange get us Vitamin C． So we should not eat only a 9 kinds of foods. You can take photos of your foods for some days. Then you can use them to know clearly 10 you eat every day. 六、选词填空 Passage 7 A．tasty   B．prepare   C． colours   D．ties   E. control   F. active Eating healthy food every day is very important for us. It helps us grow strong and stay 1 . Here are some simple tips for you to make good choices about what you eat and drink. First, always think about food safety. For example, wash your hands before eating and keep your food in a clean, cool place. Second, when choosing meals, try to eat food of different 2 , such as yellow bananas, green peppers, and red tomatoes. A good recipe for health is to drink water or milk instead of sugary drinks. If you feel hungry between meals, 3 a healthy snack. Some fresh fruit or yogurt will be better than chips or cookies. Also, try to 4 how much salt and sugar you eat. If you have questions about food, ask your teacher or family. By following these tips, you can enjoy 5 food and stay healthy! Passage 8 将下列单词填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次。 A．vegetables   B．brings         C． come back       D．get there E. restaurant F. sounds Tony is my good friend. He can make good food. One day, he asks me to his 1 to have dinner. When I 2 , he gives me a menu. I order a special dish called “Walk on the paths in the country”. I think it must be very great because its name 3 beautiful. After ten minutes, he 4 it out. There are two trotters (猪蹄) with some green 5 around them! Now I know why its name is “Walk on the paths in the country”. It’s really great and I’ll never forget it. Passage 9 将下列单词或词组填入空格。每个单词或词组限填一次。 A．watching  B．lunch  C． lots of  D．boring  E.meal  F. health Do you know many students aren’t healthy today? Now many students know sports are good for their 1 . But they don’t like playing sports. Some of them only watch them on TV. What’s more (另外), many of them only like 2 TV and playing computer games. They always say, “Play soccer? Oh, it sounds difficult. Play basketball? Oh, it sounds 3 .” And many boys and girls don’t like vegetables. They don’t have carrots for 4 and they don’t have tomatoes for dinner. But vegetables and fruit are healthy food. They need to eat 5 them every day, but they like junk food. They like eating the ice cream and hamburgers. So if you want to be healthy, eat vegetables and play sports every day! 6 / 8乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $