Unit 6 Earth and Beyond（单元自测卷·河南专用）英语新教材仁爱科普版八年级上册

**基本信息** 本卷为八年级上册英语Unit 6 Earth and Beyond培优卷，以太空探索为主题，融合听力、阅读、写作等题型，全面考查单元核心知识与综合语言运用能力，适配单元复习需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |听力理解|20/20|行星知识、太空博物馆参观等对话与独白|情境真实，含细节捕捉与信息转述（如第三节表格填空），提升语言理解能力| |阅读理解|20/40|金星/火星信息、太空夏令营经历、行星对比|多文本类型（图表、记叙文、说明文），考查信息查找与推理（如C篇对比Mercury和Venus），培养思维品质| |书面表达|1/20|地球与火星直径、温度等对比及探索看法|综合信息整合与观点表达，强化语言组织与逻辑思维，体现学习能力|

………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2026-2027学年八年级上册英语单元自测·河南专用 Unit 6 Earth and Beyond·培优卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ 英语 注意事项： 1. 本试卷共10页，六个大题，满分120分，考试时间100分钟。 2. 本试卷上不要答题，请按答题卡上注意事项的要求，直接把答案填写在答题卡上。答在试卷上的答案无效。 一、听力理解（20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话读两遍。 1．What does Tom think of the computers in ten years? A．Very beautiful. B．Very useful. C．Very small and light. 2．What kind of space books does the boy want to buy? A．Books about the moon. B．Books about the sun. C．Books about Mars. 3．How does Li Hua feel about the news? A．Excited. B．Surprised. C．Worried. 4．Where does the woman think people will live in the future? A．On the moon. B．In outer space. C．Under the sea. 5．What are the two speakers talking about? A．Manned spaceship. B．CCTV. C．TV. 第二节 听下面几段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7两个小题。 6．What are the speakers talking about? A．The planets in the solar system. B．The stars in the sky. C．The Sun. 7．Does the man know how far it is from Mars to the Sun? A．No, he doesn’t. B．Yes, he does. C．We don’t know. 听下面一段对话，回答第8至第9两个小题。 8．What are the speakers talking about? A．The Sun. B．The stars in the sky. C．The planets in the solar system. 9．What can the man do if he wants to learn more about Mars? A．To read more books. B．To watch movies. C．To ask some scientists. 听下面一段独白，回答第10至第12三个小题。 10．How many geography classes does the speaker have every week? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. 11．What did the speaker learn about in today’s geography class? A．The moon. B．The earth. C．The solar system. 12．How did Mrs. Liang show how the planets move? A．By showing a picture. B．By playing a video. C．By using a model. 听下面一段对话，回答第13至第15三个小题。 13．How often does Anna go to borrow the science magazine? A．Once a week. B．Twice a week. C．Three times a week. 14．How can Tim find the answer to the question? A．By searching the Internet. B．By reading the article. C．By asking his teacher. 15．What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．Space. B．Hobby. C．Transport. 第三节 A Visit to the Space Museum When Last Friday. Who Gina and her 16 . Where At the space museum, 17 kilometres away from the school. What • Reached the space museum at 10:00. •Watched a display (展览) on model 18 . •Tried on some space clothes that can keep astronauts in safe 19 . •Listened to the stories of an astronaut. How Felt 20 when they saw the astronaut. 二、阅读理解 （20小题，每小题2分，共40分） 阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题。 A Name: VenusDistance from the Sun: ·about 108 million kilometers away from the Sun ·the second closest planet to the Sun Temperature: ·the hottest planet in the solar system ·no big difference in the daytime and at night Surface: ·similar to Earth ·having high mountains and volcanoes（火山） ▲ : ·shining white light ·only the Sun and the Moon shining brighter（更亮的）than Venus when being watched（被观测）from Earth Size: ·a diameter of around 12,103 kilometers 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 21．How far is Venus from the Sun? A．About 108 kilometers. B．About 464 kilometers. C．About 108 million kilometers. D．About 12,103 kilometers. 22．Which is the best word for “ ▲ ”? A．Darkness B．Brightness C．Smallness D．Coldness 23．In the solar system, Venus is ________. A．the closest to the Sun B．the biggest planet C．the most similar to Earth D．hotter than the other planets 24．What can we know from the text? A．Venus has high mountains and volcanoes on the surface. B．The temperature of Venus is below 400 degrees Celsius. C．Venus has a diameter of about 12,103 million kilometers. D．Venus is the brightest when being watched from Earth at night. 25．What’s the best title for the text? A．Life on Venus B．Life on the Sun C．Fact File of Venus D．Fact File of the Sun B Last summer, 13-year-old Zhang Wei joined a space summer camp held by the local science museum. At first, he was nervous because he knew little about space. But soon he made friends with other students who shared the same interest. During the camp, they listened to lectures from real astronauts, watched videos of space missions, and even tried on spacesuits. Zhang Wei was most interested in the simulation of landing on the moon. He learned how astronauts walk in low gravity and collect samples. When he came back home, he shared what he learned with his parents. To his surprise, his parents encouraged him to keep learning about space. They bought him many books about the solar system and even signed him up for a weekly space study group. Now Zhang Wei wants to be an astronaut when he grows up. He says, “The camp taught me that as long as I work hard, my dream can come true.” 26．Where did Zhang Wei join the space summer camp? A．In a space station. B．At the local science museum. C．In his school. D．At an astronaut training center. 27．Why was Zhang Wei nervous at first? A．Because he had no friends there. B．Because he didn’t like the camp. C．Because he knew little about space. D．Because the lectures were too difficult. 28．What was Zhang Wei most interested in during the camp? A．Listening to astronauts’ lectures. B．Watching space mission videos. C．Trying on spacesuits. D．Simulating landing on the moon. 29．How did Zhang Wei’s parents react when he shared his camp experience? A．They got angry. B．They encouraged him. C．They didn’t care. D．They asked him to focus on study. 30．What does Zhang Wei want to be in the future? A．A scientist. B．A teacher. C．An astronaut. D．A writer. C Mercury and Venus—Two Neighbors of the Sun Mercury and Venus are the two planets closest to the Sun in our solar system. Despite their similar position, they are very different from each other. Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system. Because of its closeness to the Sun and its small size, Mercury is difficult for us to see on Earth. It often gets lost in the Sun’s glare. Venus, on the other hand, is known for its brightness and beauty. People can see it clearly at night on Earth, often called the “Evening Star” or “Morning Star”. Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system, even hotter than Mercury, because its thick atmosphere traps heat in a runaway greenhouse effect. Mercury has almost no atmosphere, so its temperature changes wildly—during the day it can reach 430°C, but at night it drops to -173°C． These two planets are very different from each other—one is a tiny, airless world with extreme temperatures, while the other is a bright, hot planet with a thick atmosphere. 31．Which planet is the smallest in the solar system? A．Venus. B．Mars. C．Mercury. D．Earth. 32．The underlined word “runaway” in Paragraph 2 most probably means “________”. A．slow and steady B．uncontrolled and increasing C．small and weak D．hidden and secret 33．Why is Venus hotter than Mercury despite being farther from the Sun? A．Because Venus is larger. B．Because Venus has a thick atmosphere that traps heat. C．Because Venus rotates faster. D．Because Venus is made of different materials. 34．What can we infer about Mercury’s surface? A．It is covered with water. B．It is always very hot. C．It experiences huge temperature differences. D．It is very bright and easy to see. 35．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain why Venus is called the “Evening Star”. B．To compare and contrast two neighboring planets. C．To describe the surface of Mercury. D．To prove that Venus is the hottest planet. D 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯、意思完整。 The solar system is a wonderful place that we are still learning about. It includes the Sun, eight planets and many other small objects. The Sun is at the center of the solar system. 36 It gives light and heat to all the planets, and without it, life on Earth would not be possible at all. Earth is our home in the solar system. 37 It has water, air and all kinds of living things. No other planet in the solar system has life like Earth does. Mars is called the “Red Planet” because of its color. 38 Scientists are studying Mars to see if it could support life in the future. Many people are interested in travelling to Mars one day. 39 Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun; Venus is covered with thick clouds; and Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are larger than Earth. How can we learn more about the solar system? 40 Learning about the solar system helps us know more about our world and the universe. A．It is the only planet with life. B．We can read books or watch films about it. C．It has a red surface and there’s also ice on it. D．It is a huge ball of fire and much bigger than any planet. E．Other planets in the solar system also have their own special features. 三、完形填空（15小题，每小题1分，共15分） 先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。 One clear summer evening, 12-year-old Lily and her friends were playing on the grass in the backyard. So many stars were shining in the 41 . What a beautiful night! Lily set up her new telescope and began to 42 the night sky. Suddenly, she found a bright 43 moving slowly across the stars. “ 44 it be a satellite?” she wondered. She quickly adjusted (调整) the telescope to get a 45 look. To her surprise, it wasn’t a satellite—it was a meteor (流星)! Lily and her friends shouted 46 . “How wonderful!” someone called out. They spent the next hour searching the sky together. “I’ve been thinking— 47 can’t we live on Venus or Mars? They’re both nearby.” “ 48 has liquid (液态的) water, that is key for life.” “Max, you know so much about the solar system. Could you tell us more?” “Sure. The Sun has eight planets around it. These 49 Earth, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Besides the eight planets, there are many other smaller ones. Together, they 50 the amazing solar system. 51 the eight planets, Earth is the only planet with life in the solar system. But on the other planets, no living things can 52 because they don’t have liquid water and a suitable temperature.” The night grew later, 53 the children didn’t want to leave, they lay on the grass, talking about what it would be like to travel to those distant stars. “Maybe one day, we’ll go to space and 54 the secrets of the universe.” Max said dreamily. “The universe is full of real 55 and surprises, we have a long way to go.” The night ended, but their love for space science only grew stronger... 41．A．happiness B．coldness C．brightness D．darkness 42．A．explore B．develop C．separate D．improve 43．A．satellite B．planet C．rocket D．object 44．A．Will B．Must C．Can D．Need 45．A．larger B．smaller C．closer D．cooler 46．A．carefully B．quietly C．clearly D．excitedly 47．A．When B．Why C．Where D．How 48．A．Both B．All C．Neither D．Only 49．A．include B．belong C．choose D．compare 50．A．give up B．put up C．make up D．get up 51．A．Between B．Among C．Besides D．With 52．A．survive B．reach C．support D．touch 53．A．because B．or C．but D．so 54．A．create B．discover C．prove D．express 55．A．joy B．air C．heat D．gas 四、语篇填空（15小题，每小题1分，共15分） 第一节 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 their, life, rock, close, and, have, send, interest, to, difference Mars is red. It is the 56 planet to the Earth. Of all the planets, it is the most similar 57 the Earth. Scientists are very 58 in studying it. For example, like the Earth, Mars has 59 temperatures and weather, but other planets have the same temperatures all year round. Mars’ diameter is about 6,779 km, and that is about half of the Earth’s diameter. Mars has a very thin atmosphere (大气层) made up mostly of CO₂, with a few other gases. Mars also 60 big valleys, like the very famous Valles Marineris (水手谷). Was there life on Mars? To answer it, scientists need to know if Mars ever had water. In 2004, people 61 Spirit (勇气号) and Opportunity (机遇号) to Mars to look for the support. They can work over 62 and all kinds of ground. They can also take photos 63 send photos back to the Earth. First, they found chemicals and patterns (图案) in the rocks. The water probably made 64 . Then, they moved to another area and found some other rocks. They might be created by water. Now scientists think there was probably water on Mars long ago. Today they are still not sure if there was 65 on Mars. The information from Spirit and Opportunity answered some old questions, but they also brought people many new ones. 第二节 阅读下面一首诗歌，根据语篇要求填空，使诗歌通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 In the universe, as we all know, there is the sun, the moon, the earth 66 many stars. We know the earth goes around the sun, and the moon goes around the earth. We have day and night because the earth keeps turning all 67 time. When our part of the earth turns to the sun, it is day. When our part of the earth turns away from the sun, it is night. Just because the moon is closer to the earth 68 the sun, it looks much bigger than the sun. Big things look smaller when they are farther, and small things also look bigger when they are nearer. The sun is big enough 69 give out very strong light. The moon can’t give any light at all, but it looks quite bright, too. Why? In fact, the light from the moon comes from the sun. There 70 many other planets in the universe. But of all the planets, there are living things only on the earth and people can only live on the earth too. 五、补全对话（5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。 A: Do you know Yang Liwei? B: Yang Liwei? 71 ? A: He is the first Chinese astronaut who traveled into space. B: Wow, that’s cool! 72 ? A: He went into space on October 15th, 2003, by Shenzhou V. B: Did he feel comfortable during the flight? A: No. 73 . He felt weightless and a little sick at first. B: What did he do then? A: He got used to it quickly and completed all his tasks perfectly. B: 74 ? A: He received many prizes for his great contribution to China’s space program. B: 75 . We should learn his spirit of courage and perseverance. 六、书面表达 （20分） 根据以下提示，写一篇介绍地球与火星对比的短文 写作要求： 请你以“Earth and Its Neighbor—Mars”为题，写一篇英语短文，介绍地球和火星。内容包括： 1. 地球和火星的基本信息(直径、颜色、与太阳的距离、温度等)； 2. 两颗行星之间的相似之处； 3. 你对未来探索火星的看法。 注意：不少于70词；可适当运用本单元所学词汇与表达。 Earth and Its Neighbor—Mars ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第3页（共8页） 试题 第4页（共8页） 试题 第1页（共8页） 试题 第2页（共8页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年八年级上册英语单元自测·Unit 6 Earth and Beyond·培优卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ 英语 注意事项： 1. 本试卷共10页，六个大题，满分120分，考试时间100分钟。 2. 本试卷上不要答题，请按答题卡上注意事项的要求，直接把答案填写在答题卡上。答在试卷上的答案无效。 一、听力理解（20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话读两遍。 1．What does Tom think of the computers in ten years? A．Very beautiful. B．Very useful. C．Very small and light. 2．What kind of space books does the boy want to buy? A．Books about the moon. B．Books about the sun. C．Books about Mars. 3．How does Li Hua feel about the news? A．Excited. B．Surprised. C．Worried. 4．Where does the woman think people will live in the future? A．On the moon. B．In outer space. C．Under the sea. 5．What are the two speakers talking about? A．Manned spaceship. B．CCTV. C．TV. 第二节 听下面几段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7两个小题。 6．What are the speakers talking about? A．The planets in the solar system. B．The stars in the sky. C．The Sun. 7．Does the man know how far it is from Mars to the Sun? A．No, he doesn’t. B．Yes, he does. C．We don’t know. 听下面一段对话，回答第8至第9两个小题。 8．What are the speakers talking about? A．The Sun. B．The stars in the sky. C．The planets in the solar system. 9．What can the man do if he wants to learn more about Mars? A．To read more books. B．To watch movies. C．To ask some scientists. 听下面一段独白，回答第10至第12三个小题。 10．How many geography classes does the speaker have every week? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. 11．What did the speaker learn about in today’s geography class? A．The moon. B．The earth. C．The solar system. 12．How did Mrs. Liang show how the planets move? A．By showing a picture. B．By playing a video. C．By using a model. 听下面一段对话，回答第13至第15三个小题。 13．How often does Anna go to borrow the science magazine? A．Once a week. B．Twice a week. C．Three times a week. 14．How can Tim find the answer to the question? A．By searching the Internet. B．By reading the article. C．By asking his teacher. 15．What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．Space. B．Hobby. C．Transport. 第三节 A Visit to the Space Museum When Last Friday. Who Gina and her 16 . Where At the space museum, 17 kilometres away from the school. What • Reached the space museum at 10:00. •Watched a display (展览) on model 18 . •Tried on some space clothes that can keep astronauts in safe 19 . •Listened to the stories of an astronaut. How Felt 20 when they saw the astronaut. 二、阅读理解 （20小题，每小题2分，共40分） 阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题。 A Name: VenusDistance from the Sun: ·about 108 million kilometers away from the Sun ·the second closest planet to the Sun Temperature: ·the hottest planet in the solar system ·no big difference in the daytime and at night Surface: ·similar to Earth ·having high mountains and volcanoes（火山） ▲ : ·shining white light ·only the Sun and the Moon shining brighter（更亮的）than Venus when being watched（被观测）from Earth Size: ·a diameter of around 12,103 kilometers 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 21．How far is Venus from the Sun? A．About 108 kilometers. B．About 464 kilometers. C．About 108 million kilometers. D．About 12,103 kilometers. 22．Which is the best word for “ ▲ ”? A．Darkness B．Brightness C．Smallness D．Coldness 23．In the solar system, Venus is ________. A．the closest to the Sun B．the biggest planet C．the most similar to Earth D．hotter than the other planets 24．What can we know from the text? A．Venus has high mountains and volcanoes on the surface. B．The temperature of Venus is below 400 degrees Celsius. C．Venus has a diameter of about 12,103 million kilometers. D．Venus is the brightest when being watched from Earth at night. 25．What’s the best title for the text? A．Life on Venus B．Life on the Sun C．Fact File of Venus D．Fact File of the Sun B Last summer, 13-year-old Zhang Wei joined a space summer camp held by the local science museum. At first, he was nervous because he knew little about space. But soon he made friends with other students who shared the same interest. During the camp, they listened to lectures from real astronauts, watched videos of space missions, and even tried on spacesuits. Zhang Wei was most interested in the simulation of landing on the moon. He learned how astronauts walk in low gravity and collect samples. When he came back home, he shared what he learned with his parents. To his surprise, his parents encouraged him to keep learning about space. They bought him many books about the solar system and even signed him up for a weekly space study group. Now Zhang Wei wants to be an astronaut when he grows up. He says, “The camp taught me that as long as I work hard, my dream can come true.” 26．Where did Zhang Wei join the space summer camp? A．In a space station. B．At the local science museum. C．In his school. D．At an astronaut training center. 27．Why was Zhang Wei nervous at first? A．Because he had no friends there. B．Because he didn’t like the camp. C．Because he knew little about space. D．Because the lectures were too difficult. 28．What was Zhang Wei most interested in during the camp? A．Listening to astronauts’ lectures. B．Watching space mission videos. C．Trying on spacesuits. D．Simulating landing on the moon. 29．How did Zhang Wei’s parents react when he shared his camp experience? A．They got angry. B．They encouraged him. C．They didn’t care. D．They asked him to focus on study. 30．What does Zhang Wei want to be in the future? A．A scientist. B．A teacher. C．An astronaut. D．A writer. C Mercury and Venus—Two Neighbors of the Sun Mercury and Venus are the two planets closest to the Sun in our solar system. Despite their similar position, they are very different from each other. Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system. Because of its closeness to the Sun and its small size, Mercury is difficult for us to see on Earth. It often gets lost in the Sun’s glare. Venus, on the other hand, is known for its brightness and beauty. People can see it clearly at night on Earth, often called the “Evening Star” or “Morning Star”. Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system, even hotter than Mercury, because its thick atmosphere traps heat in a runaway greenhouse effect. Mercury has almost no atmosphere, so its temperature changes wildly—during the day it can reach 430°C, but at night it drops to -173°C． These two planets are very different from each other—one is a tiny, airless world with extreme temperatures, while the other is a bright, hot planet with a thick atmosphere. 31．Which planet is the smallest in the solar system? A．Venus. B．Mars. C．Mercury. D．Earth. 32．The underlined word “runaway” in Paragraph 2 most probably means “________”. A．slow and steady B．uncontrolled and increasing C．small and weak D．hidden and secret 33．Why is Venus hotter than Mercury despite being farther from the Sun? A．Because Venus is larger. B．Because Venus has a thick atmosphere that traps heat. C．Because Venus rotates faster. D．Because Venus is made of different materials. 34．What can we infer about Mercury’s surface? A．It is covered with water. B．It is always very hot. C．It experiences huge temperature differences. D．It is very bright and easy to see. 35．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain why Venus is called the “Evening Star”. B．To compare and contrast two neighboring planets. C．To describe the surface of Mercury. D．To prove that Venus is the hottest planet. D 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯、意思完整。 The solar system is a wonderful place that we are still learning about. It includes the Sun, eight planets and many other small objects. The Sun is at the center of the solar system. 36 It gives light and heat to all the planets, and without it, life on Earth would not be possible at all. Earth is our home in the solar system. 37 It has water, air and all kinds of living things. No other planet in the solar system has life like Earth does. Mars is called the “Red Planet” because of its color. 38 Scientists are studying Mars to see if it could support life in the future. Many people are interested in travelling to Mars one day. 39 Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun; Venus is covered with thick clouds; and Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are larger than Earth. How can we learn more about the solar system? 40 Learning about the solar system helps us know more about our world and the universe. A．It is the only planet with life. B．We can read books or watch films about it. C．It has a red surface and there’s also ice on it. D．It is a huge ball of fire and much bigger than any planet. E．Other planets in the solar system also have their own special features. 三、完形填空（15小题，每小题1分，共15分） 先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。 One clear summer evening, 12-year-old Lily and her friends were playing on the grass in the backyard. So many stars were shining in the 41 . What a beautiful night! Lily set up her new telescope and began to 42 the night sky. Suddenly, she found a bright 43 moving slowly across the stars. “ 44 it be a satellite?” she wondered. She quickly adjusted (调整) the telescope to get a 45 look. To her surprise, it wasn’t a satellite—it was a meteor (流星)! Lily and her friends shouted 46 . “How wonderful!” someone called out. They spent the next hour searching the sky together. “I’ve been thinking— 47 can’t we live on Venus or Mars? They’re both nearby.” “ 48 has liquid (液态的) water, that is key for life.” “Max, you know so much about the solar system. Could you tell us more?” “Sure. The Sun has eight planets around it. These 49 Earth, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Besides the eight planets, there are many other smaller ones. Together, they 50 the amazing solar system. 51 the eight planets, Earth is the only planet with life in the solar system. But on the other planets, no living things can 52 because they don’t have liquid water and a suitable temperature.” The night grew later, 53 the children didn’t want to leave, they lay on the grass, talking about what it would be like to travel to those distant stars. “Maybe one day, we’ll go to space and 54 the secrets of the universe.” Max said dreamily. “The universe is full of real 55 and surprises, we have a long way to go.” The night ended, but their love for space science only grew stronger... 41．A．happiness B．coldness C．brightness D．darkness 42．A．explore B．develop C．separate D．improve 43．A．satellite B．planet C．rocket D．object 44．A．Will B．Must C．Can D．Need 45．A．larger B．smaller C．closer D．cooler 46．A．carefully B．quietly C．clearly D．excitedly 47．A．When B．Why C．Where D．How 48．A．Both B．All C．Neither D．Only 49．A．include B．belong C．choose D．compare 50．A．give up B．put up C．make up D．get up 51．A．Between B．Among C．Besides D．With 52．A．survive B．reach C．support D．touch 53．A．because B．or C．but D．so 54．A．create B．discover C．prove D．express 55．A．joy B．air C．heat D．gas 四、语篇填空（15小题，每小题1分，共15分） 第一节 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 their, life, rock, close, and, have, send, interest, to, difference Mars is red. It is the 56 planet to the Earth. Of all the planets, it is the most similar 57 the Earth. Scientists are very 58 in studying it. For example, like the Earth, Mars has 59 temperatures and weather, but other planets have the same temperatures all year round. Mars’ diameter is about 6,779 km, and that is about half of the Earth’s diameter. Mars has a very thin atmosphere (大气层) made up mostly of CO₂, with a few other gases. Mars also 60 big valleys, like the very famous Valles Marineris (水手谷). Was there life on Mars? To answer it, scientists need to know if Mars ever had water. In 2004, people 61 Spirit (勇气号) and Opportunity (机遇号) to Mars to look for the support. They can work over 62 and all kinds of ground. They can also take photos 63 send photos back to the Earth. First, they found chemicals and patterns (图案) in the rocks. The water probably made 64 . Then, they moved to another area and found some other rocks. They might be created by water. Now scientists think there was probably water on Mars long ago. Today they are still not sure if there was 65 on Mars. The information from Spirit and Opportunity answered some old questions, but they also brought people many new ones. 第二节 阅读下面一首诗歌，根据语篇要求填空，使诗歌通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 In the universe, as we all know, there is the sun, the moon, the earth 66 many stars. We know the earth goes around the sun, and the moon goes around the earth. We have day and night because the earth keeps turning all 67 time. When our part of the earth turns to the sun, it is day. When our part of the earth turns away from the sun, it is night. Just because the moon is closer to the earth 68 the sun, it looks much bigger than the sun. Big things look smaller when they are farther, and small things also look bigger when they are nearer. The sun is big enough 69 give out very strong light. The moon can’t give any light at all, but it looks quite bright, too. Why? In fact, the light from the moon comes from the sun. There 70 many other planets in the universe. But of all the planets, there are living things only on the earth and people can only live on the earth too. 五、补全对话（5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。 A: Do you know Yang Liwei? B: Yang Liwei? 71 ? A: He is the first Chinese astronaut who traveled into space. B: Wow, that’s cool! 72 ? A: He went into space on October 15th, 2003, by Shenzhou V. B: Did he feel comfortable during the flight? A: No. 73 . He felt weightless and a little sick at first. B: What did he do then? A: He got used to it quickly and completed all his tasks perfectly. B: 74 ? A: He received many prizes for his great contribution to China’s space program. B: 75 . We should learn his spirit of courage and perseverance. 六、书面表达 （20分） 根据以下提示，写一篇介绍地球与火星对比的短文 写作要求： 请你以“Earth and Its Neighbor—Mars”为题，写一篇英语短文，介绍地球和火星。内容包括： 1. 地球和火星的基本信息(直径、颜色、与太阳的距离、温度等)； 2. 两颗行星之间的相似之处； 3. 你对未来探索火星的看法。 注意：不少于70词；可适当运用本单元所学词汇与表达。 Earth and Its Neighbor—Mars ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年八年级上册英语单元自测·河南专用 Unit 6 Earth and Beyond·培优卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ 英语 注意事项： 1. 本试卷共10页，六个大题，满分120分，考试时间100分钟。 2. 本试卷上不要答题，请按答题卡上注意事项的要求，直接把答案填写在答题卡上。答在试卷上的答案无效。 一、听力理解（20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话读两遍。 1．What does Tom think of the computers in ten years? A．Very beautiful. B．Very useful. C．Very small and light. 【答案】C 【原文】W: What will computers be like in ten years, Tom? M: I think they will be very small and light. 2．What kind of space books does the boy want to buy? A．Books about the moon. B．Books about the sun. C．Books about Mars. 【答案】C 【原文】W: Max, what are you going to do this weekend? M: I’m really interested in Mars, so I plan to buy some books about it. 3．How does Li Hua feel about the news? A．Excited. B．Surprised. C．Worried. 【答案】A 【原文】W: Hi, Li Hua. Have you heard the news that Shenzhou twenty-one has been sent into space? M: Sure, I feel very excited about it. 4．Where does the woman think people will live in the future? A．On the moon. B．In outer space. C．Under the sea. 【答案】C 【原文】M: Do you think people will move to live in outer space in the future? W: Probably not. I think more people will build houses under the sea instead. 5．What are the two speakers talking about? A．Manned spaceship. B．CCTV. C．TV. 【答案】A 【原文】M: Have you watched the CCTV news about Shenzhou X? W: Sure. I saw the manned spaceship was launched into space successfully on TV yesterday. 第二节 听下面几段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7两个小题。 6．What are the speakers talking about? A．The planets in the solar system. B．The stars in the sky. C．The Sun. 7．Does the man know how far it is from Mars to the Sun? A．No, he doesn’t. B．Yes, he does. C．We don’t know. 【答案】6．A 7．A 【原文】W: Hi, Tom! Do you know about the planets in the solar system? M: Yes, I do. There are eight planets around the Sun. W: Which one are you interested in? M: I’m really interested in Mars. I heard there might be water on it. W: Oh, really? I know Mars is similar to Earth in some ways. M: Right. And some scientists think there could be life on Mars in the future. W: That would be amazing! Do you know how far Mars is from the Sun? M: I’m not sure. But I know it’s farther from the Sun than Earth. W: We can read more books about it. M: Good idea! I can’t wait to learn more. 听下面一段对话，回答第8至第9两个小题。 8．What are the speakers talking about? A．The Sun. B．The stars in the sky. C．The planets in the solar system. 9．What can the man do if he wants to learn more about Mars? A．To read more books. B．To watch movies. C．To ask some scientists. 【答案】8．C 9．A 【原文】W: Hi, Tom! Do you know about the planets in the solar system? M: Yes, I do. There are eight planets around the Sun. W: Which one are you interested in? M: I’m really interested in Mars. I heard there might be water on it. W: Oh, really? I know Mars is similar to Earth in some ways. M: Right. And some scientists think there could be life on Mars in the future. W: That would be amazing! Do you know how far Mars is from the Sun? M: I’m not sure. But I know it’s farther from the Sun than Earth. W: We can read more books about it. M: Good idea! I can’t wait to learn more. 听下面一段独白，回答第10至第12三个小题。 10．How many geography classes does the speaker have every week? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. 11．What did the speaker learn about in today’s geography class? A．The moon. B．The earth. C．The solar system. 12．How did Mrs. Liang show how the planets move? A．By showing a picture. B．By playing a video. C．By using a model. 【答案】10．B 11．C 12．C 【原文】 We have two geography classes every week. In today’s class, we learnt about the solar system. Our geography teacher Mrs. Liang told us that the solar system is made up of the Sun, the planets and their moons and some other things. The Sun is the center of the solar system. The solar system has two main groups: the inner space and the outer space. We also learnt which planets belong to the inner space and which planets belong to the outer space. We felt very curious about these. Mrs. Liang also showed us how the planets move by using a model. All the students were very interested in today’s class. 听下面一段对话，回答第13至第15三个小题。 13．How often does Anna go to borrow the science magazine? A．Once a week. B．Twice a week. C．Three times a week. 14．How can Tim find the answer to the question? A．By searching the Internet. B．By reading the article. C．By asking his teacher. 15．What are the speakers mainly talking about? A．Space. B．Hobby. C．Transport. 【答案】13．A 14．B 15．A 【原文】M: Anna, you look interested in the science magazine you’re reading. W: Yes, Tim. It comes out once a week, so I go to the library and borrow it every Friday. M: Anything interesting in it? W: Yeah, look at this article about black holes. Scientists think they’ve discovered a black hole in our galaxy. M: That’s amazing! Let’s take a look at it with your telescope tonight. W: Oh, we can’t. M: Why not? You said it’s in our galaxy. So we should be able to see it. W: I mean that you can’t see a black hole. They’re so powerful that they pull light into them. That makes them impossible to see. M: Oh… Then how did scientists find it if they couldn’t see it? W: That’s a good question. But it’s difficult to explain, so you’d better read the article yourself. M: Okay. Let me have it when you’re done. 第三节 A Visit to the Space Museum When Last Friday. Who Gina and her 16 . Where At the space museum, 17 kilometres away from the school. What • Reached the space museum at 10:00. •Watched a display (展览) on model 18 . •Tried on some space clothes that can keep astronauts in safe 19 . •Listened to the stories of an astronaut. How Felt 20 when they saw the astronaut. 【答案】16．classmates 17．8/eight 18．spacecraft 19．condition 20．excited 【原文】 Last Friday, Gina and her classmates went on a study tour to the space museum. The museum is 8 kilometres away from their school, so they went there by bus.During the ride, they talked about the things they might see at the museum. They reached the space museum at ten o’clock. After they arrived, they watched the display on model spacecraft first. They were really interested in the models. After that, they tried on some space clothes that can keep astronauts in safe condition in space. Wearing them made Gina feel like a real astronaut for a day. Finally, they saw a real astronaut and listened to his stories. They felt so excited. From the visit to the space museum, Gina learned so much about space and the life of astronauts in space. 二、阅读理解 （20小题，每小题2分，共40分） 阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题。 A Name: VenusDistance from the Sun: ·about 108 million kilometers away from the Sun ·the second closest planet to the Sun Temperature: ·the hottest planet in the solar system ·no big difference in the daytime and at night Surface: ·similar to Earth ·having high mountains and volcanoes（火山） ▲ : ·shining white light ·only the Sun and the Moon shining brighter（更亮的）than Venus when being watched（被观测）from Earth Size: ·a diameter of around 12,103 kilometers 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 21．How far is Venus from the Sun? A．About 108 kilometers. B．About 464 kilometers. C．About 108 million kilometers. D．About 12,103 kilometers. 22．Which is the best word for “ ▲ ”? A．Darkness B．Brightness C．Smallness D．Coldness 23．In the solar system, Venus is ________. A．the closest to the Sun B．the biggest planet C．the most similar to Earth D．hotter than the other planets 24．What can we know from the text? A．Venus has high mountains and volcanoes on the surface. B．The temperature of Venus is below 400 degrees Celsius. C．Venus has a diameter of about 12,103 million kilometers. D．Venus is the brightest when being watched from Earth at night. 25．What’s the best title for the text? A．Life on Venus B．Life on the Sun C．Fact File of Venus D．Fact File of the Sun 【答案】21．C 22．B 23．D 24．A 25．C 【导语】这是一篇科普说明文，以信息卡的形式介绍了金星的多项基本信息，包括与太阳的距离、温度、表面特征、亮度和大小等。 【详解】21．原文中“about 108 million kilometers away from the Sun”，该句直接给出金星与太阳的距离，与选项C内容一致。 22．原文中“shining white light”和“only the Sun and the Moon shining brighter than Venus when being watched from Earth at night”，指出这两个要点都围绕金星的光亮程度展开，对应选项B。 23．原文中“the hottest planet in the solar system”说明金星是太阳系中最热的行星，与选项D的表述相符。 24．原文中“having high mountains and volcanoes”直接说明金星表面有高山和火山，与选项A内容一致。 25．文章整体是金星的资料档案，选项C能全面概括文章内容。 B Last summer, 13-year-old Zhang Wei joined a space summer camp held by the local science museum. At first, he was nervous because he knew little about space. But soon he made friends with other students who shared the same interest. During the camp, they listened to lectures from real astronauts, watched videos of space missions, and even tried on spacesuits. Zhang Wei was most interested in the simulation of landing on the moon. He learned how astronauts walk in low gravity and collect samples. When he came back home, he shared what he learned with his parents. To his surprise, his parents encouraged him to keep learning about space. They bought him many books about the solar system and even signed him up for a weekly space study group. Now Zhang Wei wants to be an astronaut when he grows up. He says, “The camp taught me that as long as I work hard, my dream can come true.” 26．Where did Zhang Wei join the space summer camp? A．In a space station. B．At the local science museum. C．In his school. D．At an astronaut training center. 27．Why was Zhang Wei nervous at first? A．Because he had no friends there. B．Because he didn’t like the camp. C．Because he knew little about space. D．Because the lectures were too difficult. 28．What was Zhang Wei most interested in during the camp? A．Listening to astronauts’ lectures. B．Watching space mission videos. C．Trying on spacesuits. D．Simulating landing on the moon. 29．How did Zhang Wei’s parents react when he shared his camp experience? A．They got angry. B．They encouraged him. C．They didn’t care. D．They asked him to focus on study. 30．What does Zhang Wei want to be in the future? A．A scientist. B．A teacher. C．An astronaut. D．A writer. 【答案】26．B 27．C 28．D 29．B 30．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了13岁的张伟参加太空夏令营的经历，以及这次经历如何激发了他成为宇航员的梦想。 【详解】26．文章第一段第一句“Last summer, 13-year-old Zhang Wei joined a space summer camp held by the local science museum.”指出，张伟参加了由当地科学博物馆举办的太空夏令营。 27．文章第一段第二句“At first, he was nervous because he knew little about space.”指出，张伟一开始紧张是因为他对太空知之甚少。 28．文章第一段倒数第二句“Zhang Wei was most interested in the simulation of landing on the moon.”指出，张伟对模拟登陆月球最感兴趣。 29．文章第二段第二句“To his surprise, his parents encouraged him to keep learning about space.”指出，父母鼓励他继续学习太空知识。 30．文章第二段第四句“Now Zhang Wei wants to be an astronaut when he grows up.”指出，张伟长大后想成为一名宇航员。 C Mercury and Venus—Two Neighbors of the Sun Mercury and Venus are the two planets closest to the Sun in our solar system. Despite their similar position, they are very different from each other. Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system. Because of its closeness to the Sun and its small size, Mercury is difficult for us to see on Earth. It often gets lost in the Sun’s glare. Venus, on the other hand, is known for its brightness and beauty. People can see it clearly at night on Earth, often called the “Evening Star” or “Morning Star”. Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system, even hotter than Mercury, because its thick atmosphere traps heat in a runaway greenhouse effect. Mercury has almost no atmosphere, so its temperature changes wildly—during the day it can reach 430°C, but at night it drops to -173°C． These two planets are very different from each other—one is a tiny, airless world with extreme temperatures, while the other is a bright, hot planet with a thick atmosphere. 31．Which planet is the smallest in the solar system? A．Venus. B．Mars. C．Mercury. D．Earth. 32．The underlined word “runaway” in Paragraph 2 most probably means “________”. A．slow and steady B．uncontrolled and increasing C．small and weak D．hidden and secret 33．Why is Venus hotter than Mercury despite being farther from the Sun? A．Because Venus is larger. B．Because Venus has a thick atmosphere that traps heat. C．Because Venus rotates faster. D．Because Venus is made of different materials. 34．What can we infer about Mercury’s surface? A．It is covered with water. B．It is always very hot. C．It experiences huge temperature differences. D．It is very bright and easy to see. 35．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain why Venus is called the “Evening Star”. B．To compare and contrast two neighboring planets. C．To describe the surface of Mercury. D．To prove that Venus is the hottest planet. 【答案】31．C 32．B 33．B 34．C 35．B 【导语】本文介绍了太阳系中距离太阳最近的两颗行星水星和金星，从体积、观测难度、大气特征、温度特点等维度对比了二者的显著差异。 【详解】31．根据第一段“Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system.”可知，水星是太阳系中最小的行星。 32．根据第二段“Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system, even hotter than Mercury, because its thick atmosphere traps heat in a runaway greenhouse effect.”，金星大气层厚，能困住热量，使其成为最热的行星。此处“runaway”形容温室效应失控且不断增强，导致温度极高，所以选项B正确。 33．根据第二段“...because its thick atmosphere traps heat in a runaway greenhouse effect.”可知，金星更热是因为其厚厚的大气层困住了热量。 34．根据第二段“...temperature changes wildly—during the day it can reach 430°C, but at night it drops to -173°C.”可知，水星表面昼夜温差极大。 35．文章标题为“Mercury and Venus—Two Neighbors of the Sun”，全文通过对比两者的位置、大小、亮度、温度和大气层等特征，阐述了它们的不同之处。 D 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯、意思完整。 The solar system is a wonderful place that we are still learning about. It includes the Sun, eight planets and many other small objects. The Sun is at the center of the solar system. 36 It gives light and heat to all the planets, and without it, life on Earth would not be possible at all. Earth is our home in the solar system. 37 It has water, air and all kinds of living things. No other planet in the solar system has life like Earth does. Mars is called the “Red Planet” because of its color. 38 Scientists are studying Mars to see if it could support life in the future. Many people are interested in travelling to Mars one day. 39 Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun; Venus is covered with thick clouds; and Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are larger than Earth. How can we learn more about the solar system? 40 Learning about the solar system helps us know more about our world and the universe. A．It is the only planet with life. B．We can read books or watch films about it. C．It has a red surface and there’s also ice on it. D．It is a huge ball of fire and much bigger than any planet. E．Other planets in the solar system also have their own special features. 【答案】36．D 37．A 38．C 39．E 40．B 【导语】本文围绕太阳系展开，依次介绍太阳、地球、火星以及太阳系其他行星的相关知识，并说明了解太阳系的途径与意义。 【详解】36．根据“The Sun is at the center of the solar system.”以及后文“It gives light and heat to all the planets, and without it, life on Earth would not be possible at all.”可知，本段介绍太阳。D选项“它是一个巨大的火球，体积远大于任何行星。”承接上文，介绍太阳的特点。 37．根据“Earth is our home in the solar system.”以及后文“It has water, air and all kinds of living things. No other planet in the solar system has life like Earth does.”可知，本段围绕地球展开。A选项“它是唯一存在生命的行星。”契合下文内容。 38．根据“Mars is called the ‘Red Planet’ because of its color.”可知，本段介绍火星。C选项“它有着红色地表，上面还存在冰。”继续介绍火星特征，语境连贯。 39．根据后文“Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun; Venus is covered with thick clouds; and Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are larger than Earth.”可知，下文介绍多个其他行星的特点。E选项“太阳系里的其他行星也有着各自独特的特征。”总领本段内容。 40．根据问句“How can we learn more about the solar system?”可知，此处需要回答了解太阳系的方式。B选项“我们可以阅读相关书籍或者观看影片。”回应前文问题。 三、完形填空（15小题，每小题1分，共15分） 先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。 One clear summer evening, 12-year-old Lily and her friends were playing on the grass in the backyard. So many stars were shining in the 41 . What a beautiful night! Lily set up her new telescope and began to 42 the night sky. Suddenly, she found a bright 43 moving slowly across the stars. “ 44 it be a satellite?” she wondered. She quickly adjusted (调整) the telescope to get a 45 look. To her surprise, it wasn’t a satellite—it was a meteor (流星)! Lily and her friends shouted 46 . “How wonderful!” someone called out. They spent the next hour searching the sky together. “I’ve been thinking— 47 can’t we live on Venus or Mars? They’re both nearby.” “ 48 has liquid (液态的) water, that is key for life.” “Max, you know so much about the solar system. Could you tell us more?” “Sure. The Sun has eight planets around it. These 49 Earth, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Besides the eight planets, there are many other smaller ones. Together, they 50 the amazing solar system. 51 the eight planets, Earth is the only planet with life in the solar system. But on the other planets, no living things can 52 because they don’t have liquid water and a suitable temperature.” The night grew later, 53 the children didn’t want to leave, they lay on the grass, talking about what it would be like to travel to those distant stars. “Maybe one day, we’ll go to space and 54 the secrets of the universe.” Max said dreamily. “The universe is full of real 55 and surprises, we have a long way to go.” The night ended, but their love for space science only grew stronger... 41．A．happiness B．coldness C．brightness D．darkness 42．A．explore B．develop C．separate D．improve 43．A．satellite B．planet C．rocket D．object 44．A．Will B．Must C．Can D．Need 45．A．larger B．smaller C．closer D．cooler 46．A．carefully B．quietly C．clearly D．excitedly 47．A．When B．Why C．Where D．How 48．A．Both B．All C．Neither D．Only 49．A．include B．belong C．choose D．compare 50．A．give up B．put up C．make up D．get up 51．A．Between B．Among C．Besides D．With 52．A．survive B．reach C．support D．touch 53．A．because B．or C．but D．so 54．A．create B．discover C．prove D．express 55．A．joy B．air C．heat D．gas 【答案】 41．D 42．A 43．D 44．C 45．C 46．D 47．B 48．C 49．A 50．C 51．B 52．A 53．C 54．B 55．A 【导语】本文讲述了一个晴朗夏夜，Lily用望远镜发现流星，与朋友们兴奋观测。随后大家讨论太阳系行星，认识到只有地球有生命，心中燃起对太空探索的热爱。 41．句意：那么多星星在黑暗中闪烁。 happiness快乐；coldness寒冷；brightness明亮；darkness黑暗。根据上句中“One clear summer evening”以及常识可知，星星是在夜空中闪烁的，夜空是黑暗的背景。如果背景是明亮的，星星反而看不见。后文“What a beautiful night!”也强调这是夜晚。故选D。 42．句意：Lily架起她的新望远镜，开始探索夜空。 explore探索；develop发展；separate分离；improve改进。根据前文Lily架起望远镜，以及后文她观察天空并发现移动的物体可知，她是在用望远镜观测、探索夜空。explore the night sky意为“探索夜空”，符合语境。故选A。 43．句意：突然，她发现一个明亮的物体在星星间缓慢移动。 satellite卫星；planet行星；rocket火箭；object物体。根据下句中Lily的猜想“______ it be a satellite?”可知，她一开始并不确定看到的是什么，所以首先应该是一个泛泛的“物体”。因此，第一眼看到时用object最准确。故选D。 44．句意：“它可能是一颗卫星吗？”她想知道。 Will将；Must必须；Can可能；Need需要。此处Lily看到不明物体，心中猜测它是否可能是卫星。Can在这里表示可能性，意为“可能，会不会”，常用于表示猜测的疑问句。故选C。 45．句意：她迅速调整望远镜，以便更仔细地观察。 larger更大的；smaller更小的；closer更近的，细致的；cooler更凉的。Lily看到一个不明物体在星星间移动，她想知道那是什么，于是调整望远镜——目的是为了更仔细地观察这个物体，以便辨认。故选C。 46．句意：Lily和她的朋友们兴奋地喊叫起来。 carefully小心地；quietly 安静地；clearly 清楚地；excitedly 兴奋地。根据后文有人喊出“How wonderful!”可知，大家发现流星后非常激动、开心。因此，他们应该是兴奋地喊叫。故选D。 47．句意：“我一直在想——为什么我们不能住在金星或火星上？它们都很近。” When何时；Why为什么；Where哪里；How如何。根据后文Max的回答“______ has liquid water, that is key for life.”可知，Max在解释地球有生命而金星、火星没有生命的原因。因此，前文Lily的朋友是在问“为什么我们不能住在金星或火星上”，询问原因。故选B。 48．句意：“两者都没有液态水，那是生命的关键。” Both两者都；All所有（三者及以上）；Neither两者都不；Only 唯一；只有。上一句问“为什么不能住在金星或火星上？”，本句回答原因——“两者都没有液态水，而液态水是生命的关键”。这直接解释了为什么人类无法住在金星和火星上，逻辑通顺。故选C。 49．句意：这些包括地球、水星、金星、火星、木星、土星、天王星和海王星。 include包括；belong属于； choose选择；compare比较。前一句提到太阳有八颗行星围绕，这一句是在列举这八颗行星的名字。“These include...”意为“这些包括……”，是列举时的常用表达。故选A。 50．句意：它们一起组成了奇妙的太阳系。 give up放弃；put up搭建、张贴； make up组成；get up起床。八颗行星加上其他小天体，共同组成了太阳系。make up意为“组成、构成”，符合句意。故选C。 51．句意：在八颗行星中，地球是太阳系中唯一有生命的行星。 Between在两者之间；Among在……之中（三者或以上）；Besides除……之外；With和……一起。八颗行星是三者以上的范围，表示“在……之中”要用among。between只用于两者之间。故选B。 52．句意：但在其他行星上，没有生物可以生存，因为它们没有液态水和适宜的温度。 survive生存；reach到达；support支持；touch触摸。根据句中“because they don’t have liquid water and a suitable temperature”可知，这是生物生存的必要条件，因此生物无法在这些行星上生存。故选A。 53．句意：夜更深了，但是孩子们不想离开，他们躺在草地上，谈论着去那些遥远恒星旅行会是什么样子。 because 因为；or或者；but但是；so所以。前一句说夜更深了（暗示该回家了），后一句说孩子们不想离开，两者之间是转折关系。but表示转折，符合逻辑。故选C。 54．句意：“也许有一天，我们会去太空，发现宇宙的奥秘。” create创造；discover发现；prove证明；express表达。宇宙的奥秘是已经存在但尚未被人类知晓的，所以应该是去“发现”它们，而不是创造或证明。故选B。 55．句意：“宇宙充满了真正的快乐和惊喜，我们还有很长的路要走。” joy快乐；air空气；heat热量；gas气体。根据后文“and surprises”可知，空格处应与surprises并列，都是指宇宙中令人惊叹的事物。joy意为“快乐、令人快乐的事物”，与surprises并列，表达宇宙既令人惊喜又令人快乐，符合语境。air/heat/gas都是具体物质，与surprises不构成并列关系。故选A。 四、语篇填空（15小题，每小题1分，共15分） 第一节 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 their, life, rock, close, and, have, send, interest, to, difference Mars is red. It is the 56 planet to the Earth. Of all the planets, it is the most similar 57 the Earth. Scientists are very 58 in studying it. For example, like the Earth, Mars has 59 temperatures and weather, but other planets have the same temperatures all year round. Mars’ diameter is about 6,779 km, and that is about half of the Earth’s diameter. Mars has a very thin atmosphere (大气层) made up mostly of CO₂, with a few other gases. Mars also 60 big valleys, like the very famous Valles Marineris (水手谷). Was there life on Mars? To answer it, scientists need to know if Mars ever had water. In 2004, people 61 Spirit (勇气号) and Opportunity (机遇号) to Mars to look for the support. They can work over 62 and all kinds of ground. They can also take photos 63 send photos back to the Earth. First, they found chemicals and patterns (图案) in the rocks. The water probably made 64 . Then, they moved to another area and found some other rocks. They might be created by water. Now scientists think there was probably water on Mars long ago. Today they are still not sure if there was 65 on Mars. The information from Spirit and Opportunity answered some old questions, but they also brought people many new ones. 【答案】 56．closest 57．to 58．interested 59．different 60．has 61．sent 62．rocks 63．and 64．them 65．life 【导语】本文主要介绍火星的相关知识，对比火星与地球的相似与不同之处，并介绍科学家发射探测器探索火星是否存在水和生命的相关研究。 【详解】56．句意：它是距离地球最近的行星。根据语境及定冠词the提示，此处需要用形容词最高级，close的最高级形式为closest，表示“最近的”，符合句意。 57．句意：在所有行星中，它与地球最为相似。固定搭配“be similar to”表示“与……相似”，此处需用介词to，其他词汇无法构成该固定搭配。 58．句意：科学家对研究它非常感兴趣。固定搭配“be interested in”表示“对……感兴趣”，此处需将名词interest变为形容词interested，符合语法及句意。 59．句意：例如，和地球一样，火星有不同的温度和天气，而其他行星全年温度相同。根据后句“other planets have the same temperatures”形成对比可知，此处表达不同的温度，difference的形容词形式different表示“不同的”，修饰名词temperatures，符合语境。 60．句意：火星也有巨大的山谷，比如著名的水手谷。句子主语Mars为单数名词，全文为一般现在时，谓语动词have需变为第三人称单数形式has，符合主谓一致规则。 61．句意：2004年，人们向火星发射了勇气号和机遇号探测器寻找相关依据。根据时间状语“In 2004”可知时态为一般过去时，send的过去式为sent，符合句子时态要求，表示发射探测器。 62．句意：它们可以在岩石和各种地面上工作。空格后与“all kinds of ground”并列，rock为可数名词，此处表示泛指需用复数形式rocks，贴合火星地表环境的语境。 63．句意：它们还可以拍照并将照片传回地球。“take photos”与“send photos back to the Earth”是两个并列动作，需用并列连词and连接，符合句子逻辑。 64．句意：这些水很可能形成了它们。此处指代前文提到的岩石中的化学物质和图案，指代复数名词patterns，需用形容词性物主代词their对应的宾格形式them，作动词made的宾语。 65．句意：如今他们仍然不确定火星上是否存在生命。前文一直在探讨火星是否存在生命，结合语境可知此处填life，表示“生命”，符合文章主旨。 第二节 阅读下面一首诗歌，根据语篇要求填空，使诗歌通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 In the universe, as we all know, there is the sun, the moon, the earth 66 many stars. We know the earth goes around the sun, and the moon goes around the earth. We have day and night because the earth keeps turning all 67 time. When our part of the earth turns to the sun, it is day. When our part of the earth turns away from the sun, it is night. Just because the moon is closer to the earth 68 the sun, it looks much bigger than the sun. Big things look smaller when they are farther, and small things also look bigger when they are nearer. The sun is big enough 69 give out very strong light. The moon can’t give any light at all, but it looks quite bright, too. Why? In fact, the light from the moon comes from the sun. There 70 many other planets in the universe. But of all the planets, there are living things only on the earth and people can only live on the earth too. 【答案】66．and 67．the 68．than 69．to 70．are 【导语】本文主要介绍了宇宙中的天体，包括太阳、月亮、地球和许多恒星，以及它们之间的关联。 66．句意：在宇宙中，众所周知，有太阳，月亮，地球和许多星星。根据“there is the sun, the moon, the earth...many stars”可知，“the sun”、“the moon”、“the earth”和“many stars”是并列关系。应用连词and“和”连接。故填and。 67．句意：我们有白天和黑夜，因为地球一直在转动。根据“the earth keeps turning all...time.”可知，此处考查all the time“一直”，固定搭配，应用定冠词the，表示一直在转动。故填the。 68．句意：仅仅因为月球比太阳离地球更近，所以它看起来比太阳大得多。根据“the moon is closer to the earth...the sun”可知，此处是指月球比太阳离地球更近，考查“比较级+than”结构，表示“比……更……”，应用than表示两者之间的比较。故填than。 69．句意：太阳足够大，可以发出非常强烈的光。根据“The sun is big enough...give out very strong light.”可知，此处是指太阳足够大，可以发出非常强烈的光；考查“形容词+enough+to do sth”结构，表示“足够……可以做某事”。故填to。 70．句意：宇宙中还有许多其他行星。根据“There...many other planets in the universe.”可知，本句是“there be”句型，表示“……有……”。时态是一般现在时，陈述事实，主语“many other planets”是复数，be动词应用are。故填are。 五、补全对话（5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。 A: Do you know Yang Liwei? B: Yang Liwei? 71 ? A: He is the first Chinese astronaut who traveled into space. B: Wow, that’s cool! 72 ? A: He went into space on October 15th, 2003, by Shenzhou V. B: Did he feel comfortable during the flight? A: No. 73 . He felt weightless and a little sick at first. B: What did he do then? A: He got used to it quickly and completed all his tasks perfectly. B: 74 ? A: He received many prizes for his great contribution to China’s space program. B: 75 . We should learn his spirit of courage and perseverance. 【答案】71．Who is he 72．When did he travel into space 73．He had some small problems 74．What prizes did he receive 75．He is really a hero 【导语】本文主要是A和B之间的对话，两人围绕中国首位进入太空的宇航员杨利伟展开交流，介绍了他的飞天时间、飞行经历以及获得的荣誉。 【详解】71．根据下文“He is the first Chinese astronaut who traveled into space.”可知，此处应是询问杨利伟是谁。 72．根据下文“He went into space on October 15th, 2003, by Shenzhou V.”可知，此处应是询问他进入太空的时间。 73．根据上文“Did he feel comfortable during the flight?”以及下文“He felt weightless and a little sick at first.”可知，他在飞行过程中并不舒服，遇到了一些小问题。 74．根据下文“He received many prizes for his great contribution to China’s space program.”可知，此处应是询问他获得了什么奖项。 75．根据后文“We should learn his spirit of courage and perseverance.”可知，此处是对杨利伟的事迹做出夸赞和评价。 六、书面表达 （20分） 根据以下提示，写一篇介绍地球与火星对比的短文 写作要求： 请你以“Earth and Its Neighbor—Mars”为题，写一篇英语短文，介绍地球和火星。内容包括： 1. 地球和火星的基本信息(直径、颜色、与太阳的距离、温度等)； 2. 两颗行星之间的相似之处； 3. 你对未来探索火星的看法。 注意：不少于70词；可适当运用本单元所学词汇与表达。 Earth and Its Neighbor—Mars __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Earth and Its Neighbor—Mars Earth and Mars are neighbor planets in the solar system. They are different in many ways. Mars is smaller than Earth. Earth’s diameter is about 13,000 km, while Mars is about 6,800 km. Earth looks blue because of its oceans, but Mars looks red because of its red soil. Mars is farther from the Sun than Earth. It is about 228 million km away, while Earth is about 150 million km away. That is why Mars is colder than Earth. The average temperature on Earth is about 14°C, but on Mars it is about -63°C. However, they have something in common—water. On Mars, there is ice under the ground. On Earth, we have water both on and under the ground. I believe that one day humans will explore Mars and learn more about our solar system. 【详解】[第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：说明文；一般现在时态 明确要点：①地球与火星直径、颜色、距日距离、温度等基础信息对比；②两颗行星的相同之处；③个人对未来火星探索的看法 确定人称：第三人称介绍星球，结尾第一人称表达观点 注意事项：语句通顺，覆盖全部写作要点，词数不少于 70 词 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：总起，点明地球和火星是太阳系邻近行星，二者存在诸多不同 主体段：分两层，先对比两者大小、颜色、与太阳距离、平均气温等基础信息；再用转折词引出二者共同点——都存在水 结尾段：抒发观点，相信人类未来会探索火星、了解更多太阳系知识 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：地球与火星的基础信息对比（直径、颜色、距日距离、温度） Mars is smaller than Earth. Earth’s diameter is about 13,000 km, while Mars is about 6,800 km./Compared with Earth, Mars has a much smaller diameter./Earth looks blue because of its oceans, but Mars looks red because of its red soil./We call Earth the blue planet for its wide oceans, yet Mars gets the name “Red Planet” from its red ground./Mars is farther from the Sun than Earth. It is about 228 million km away, while Earth is about 150 million km away. The average temperature on Earth is about 14℃, but on Mars it is about -63℃./As Mars lies a longer distance away from the Sun, it has a far colder environment than our Earth.等 要点二：两颗行星的相似之处 However, they have something in common—water. On Mars, there is ice under the ground. On Earth, we have water both on and under the ground./Still, the two planets share one thing in common: water. Underground ice exists on Mars, just as liquid and underground water can be found all over Earth.等 要点三：对未来探索火星的看法 I believe that one day humans will explore Mars and learn more about our solar system./I hold the view that human beings will carry out further space trips to Mars in the future. It’s my opinion that more space research on Mars will help us know more secrets of outer space.等 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $听力考试正式开始。What will computers be like in ten years? Tom, I think they will be very small and light. What will computers be like in ten years? Tom. I think they will be very small and light. Listen to the next question. Max, what are you going to do this weekend? I'm really interested in mars, so I planned to buy some books about IT. Max, what are you going to do this weekend? I'm really . interested in mars, so I planned to buy some books about IT. Listen to the . next question. Hi, leave. Have you heard the news that sandhu, seventy one, has been sent into space? sure. I feel very excited . about IT. Hi, li wa. Have you heard the news that chandhok, twenty one has been sent into space? sure. I feel very excited . about IT. Listen to the next question. Do you think people will move to live in outer space in the future? Probably not. I think more people will build houses under the scene said. Do you think people will move to live in outer space in the future? Probably not. I think more people will build houses under the scene, said. Listen to the next question. Have you watched the C, C, T, V news about . cho ten share? I saw the man spaceship was launched in to space successfully on T, V yesterday. Have you watched the C, C, T, V news about churl ten? sure. I saw the man space ship was launched in to space successfully on T. V. yesterday. Listen to the next question. Hi tom. Do you know about the planets in the solar system? Yes, I do. There are eight planets around the sun. Which one are you interested in? I'm really interested in mars. I heard there might be water on IT. Oh, really, I know mars is similar to earth in some ways, right? And some scientists think there could be life on mars in the future. That would be amazing. Do you know how far mars from the sun? I'm not sure, but I know it's farther from the sun than earth. We can read more books about IT. Good idea. I can't wait to learn more. Hi tom. Do you know about the planets in the solar system? Yes, I do. There are eight planets around the sun. Which one are you interested in? I'm really interested in mars. I heard there might be water on IT. Oh, really, I know mars is similar to earth in some ways. right? And some scientists think there could be life on mars in the future. That would be amazing. Do you know how far mars from the sun? I'm not sure, but I know it's farther from the sun than earth. We can read more books about IT. Good idea. I can't wait to learn more. Listen to the next question. Hi tom. Do you know about the planets in the solar system? Yes, I do. There are eight planets around the sun. Which one are you interested in? I'm really interested in mars. I heard there might be water on IT. Oh, really, I know mars is similar to earth in some ways. right? And some scientists think there could be life on mars in the future. That would be amazing. Do you know how far mars from the sun? I'm not sure, but I know it's farther from the sun than earth. We can read more books about IT. Good idea. I can't wait to learn more. Hi tom. Do you know about the planets in the solar system? Yes, I do. There are eight planets around the sun. Which one are you interested in? I'm really interested in mars. I heard there might be water on IT. Oh, really, I know mars is similar to earth in some ways. right? And some scientists think there could be life on mars in the future. That would be amazing. Do you know how far mars from the sun? I'm not sure, but I know it's farther from the sun than earth. We can read more books about IT. Good idea. I can't wait to learn more. Listen to the next question. We have two geography classes. Every week. In today's class, we learned about the solar system. Our geographic teacher, mr. Liyang, told us that the solar system is made up of the sun, the planets and their moons and some other things. The sun is the center of the solar system. The solar system has two main groups, the inner space and the outer space. We also learned which planets belong to the inner space and which planets belong to the outer space. We felt very curious about this. mrs. Lyn also showed us how the planets move by using a model. All the students were very interested in today's class. We have two geographical asses. Every week in today's class, we learned about the solar system. Our geography teacher, mr. Ang, told us that the solar system is made up of the sun, the planets and their moons and some other things. The sun is the center of the solar system. The solar system has two main groups, the inner space and the outer space. We also learned which planets belong to the inner space and which planets belong to the out space. We felt very curious about this. Miss is yang also showed us how the planets moved by using a model all the students were very interested into. This is class. Listen to the next question. anna. You look interested in the science magazine you're reading. Yes, dim IT comes out one, two week. So I go to the library and barley every friday. Anything interesting in IT? Yeah, look at this article about black holes. Scientists think they discovered a black all an hour galaxy. That's amazing. Let's take a look at IT with your telescope tonight. Oh, we can. Why not? You said it's in our galaxy, so we should be able to see IT. I mean that you can see a black on. They're so powerful that they pull light into them that makes them impossible to see. Oh, then how did scientists find IT if they couldn't see IT? That's a good question, but it's difficult to explain. So you d Better read the article yourself. Okay, let me have IT when you're done. Anna, you look interested in the science magazine . you're reading? Yes, m IT comes out one, two week. So I go to the library and barret every friday. Anything interesting in IT? Yeah, look at this article about black holes. Scientists think they have discovered a black an hour galaxy. That's amazing. Let's take a look at IT with your telescope tonight. Oh, weekend. Why not? You said it's in our galaxy, so we should be able . to see IT. I mean that you can see a black. They're so powerful that they pull light into them that makes them impossible to see. Oh, then how did scientists find IT if they couldn't see IT? That's a good question, but it's difficult to explain. So you'd Better read the . article yourself. okay. Let me have IT when you're done. Listen to the next question. Last friday. gina and her classmates went on a study tour to the space museum. The museum is eight kilometers away from their school, so they went there by bus. During the ride, they talked about the things they might see at the museum. They reached the space museum at ten o'clock. After they arrived, they watched the display on model spacecraft. First, they were really interested in the models. After that, they tried on some space clothes that can keep astronauts in safe condition in space wearing them. May gina feel like a real astronaut for a day. Finally, they saw a real astronaut and listen to his stories. They felt so excited from the visit to the space museum. Gene learnt so much about space and the life of astronauts in space. Last friday, gina and her classmates went on a steady tour to the space museum. The museum is eight kilometers away from their school, so they went there by bus. During the ride, they talked about the things they might see at the museum. They reached the space museum at ten o'clock. After they arrived, they watched the display on model spacecraft. First, they were really interested in the models. After that, they tried on some space clothes that can keep astronauts in safe condition in space, wearing they may gina feel like a real astronaut for a day. Finally, they saw a real astronaut and listen to his stories. They felt so excited. From the visit to the space museum, gina learned so much about space and the life of astronauts in space. 听力部分到此结束。 2026-2027学年八年级上册英语单元自测·河南专用 Unit 6 Earth and Beyond·培优卷（参考答案） 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ 英语 一、听力理解（20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 1-5 CCACA 6-10 AACAB 11-15 CCABA 16．classmates 17．8/eight 18．spacecraft 19．condition 20．excited 二、阅读理解 （20小题，每小题2分，共40分） A 21．C 22．B 23．D 24．A 25．C B 26．B 27．C 28．D 29．B 30．C C 31．C 32．B 33．B 34．C 35．B D 36．D 37．A 38．C 39．E 40．B 三、完形填空（15小题，每小题1分，共15分） 41．D 42．A 43．D 44．C 45．C 46．D 47．B 48．C 49．A 50．C 51．B 52．A 53．C 54．B 55．A 四、语篇填空（15小题，每小题1分，共15分） 第一节 56．closest 57．to 58．interested 59．different 60．has 61．sent 62．rocks 63．and 64．them 65．life 第二节 66．and 67．the 68．than 69．to 70．are 五、补全对话（5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 71．Who is he 72．When did he travel into space 73．He had some small problems 74．What prizes did he receive 75．He is really a hero 六、书面表达 （20分） 例文 Earth and Its Neighbor—Mars Earth and Mars are neighbor planets in the solar system. They are different in many ways. Mars is smaller than Earth. Earth’s diameter is about 13,000 km, while Mars is about 6,800 km. Earth looks blue because of its oceans, but Mars looks red because of its red soil. Mars is farther from the Sun than Earth. It is about 228 million km away, while Earth is about 150 million km away. That is why Mars is colder than Earth. The average temperature on Earth is about 14°C, but on Mars it is about -63°C. However, they have something in common—water. On Mars, there is ice under the ground. On Earth, we have water both on and under the ground. I believe that one day humans will explore Mars and learn more about our solar system. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $