专题04 阅读理解（议论文）（期中真题汇编，湖南专用）高一英语上学期

**基本信息** 高一上期中议论文阅读汇编，精选湖南名校试题，主题涵盖文化差异、科技安全、代际生活等现实议题，注重思维品质与文化意识培养。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（议论文）|20题|细节理解（如调查目的）、推理判断（如观点含义）、主旨大意（如文章主题）、词义猜测（如“corroborate”释义）|情境具时代性（特斯拉触摸屏安全、多代同住趋势）；问题呈层次性（基础信息到深层文化对比）；学科特色鲜明（通过跨文化素材提升批判性思维）|

可学科网 www.zxxk.com 让教与学更高效 专题04阅读理解（议论文） 基础必练 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.D Passage 2 【答案】1.D2.A3.A4.C 进阶提升 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.A 主题语境02人与自我-做人与做事 【答案】1.D2.C3.A4.B 拓展培优)} 主题语境01人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 【答案】1.B2.D3.B4.A Passage 2 【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.D 1/1 专题04 阅读理解（议论文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·湖南名校联考联合体·期中）People these days worry that courtesy(礼貌) is becoming a thing of the past. To check out the truth, US magazine Reader’s Digest carried out a study. They did three tests in 35 countries. In the first test, a reporter walked into a public building 20 times behind different people to see if they held the door open. In the second, a reporter bought things from 20 shops and recorded whether the sales assistants said “Thank you”. In the third, a reporter dropped a bag full of papers in 20 busy streets to see if anyone would help pick them up. According to the survey, the most impolite cities in the world are in Asia. Asians argued that they did the study only by Western ideas of courtesy. “How can we judge someone’s value simply by whether they hold a door open?” says a19-year-old student John Christopher Padilla, in the Philippine capital, Manila. Li Jin, a teacher in Hong Kong, says that whenever she has visitors she serves them the best food and sees them off. Westerners, however, often allow guests to help themselves. “Westerners may think Chinese are pushy, but they’re just trying to be polite,” Li says. “I think Eastern and Western societies have different understanding about politeness,” says an Indian university student. “South Korea is certainly a polite nation,” says Li Binghe, a 30-year-old from Seoul. “Our politeness is more about respect, especially to old people. You always see people giving their seats to old people and offering a hand when they see someone carrying heavy luggage.” In fact, people in different cultures have different ways of showing politeness. It is not fair to say one culture is more polite than another. Instead, we should try to understand and respect these differences. After all, kindness and respect are valued in every culture around the world. 1.What did Reader’s Digest want to find out by doing the study? A. The truth about courtesy in different countries. B. The reason why people paid attention to courtesy. C. How people in Asian countries showed courtesy. D. How people in different countries understood courtesy. 2.What does John Christopher Padilla really mean by what he says? A. Holding a door open is impossible in Asia. B. There are different ways to hold a door open. C. There are many other ways to show politeness. D. Holding a door open doesn’t mean politeness. 3.Why did Reader’s Digest get a result of the survey that Asians are not pleased with? A. They did the survey only in 35 countries. B. They did the survey only by Western ideas. C. They judged courtesy differently in Asia. D. They did the survey only in impolite Asian cities. 4.What is the text mainly about? A. The plan for the survey. B. The result of the survey. C. The purpose of the survey. D. The argument about the survey. 【答案】1. A　2. C　3. B　4. D 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了《读者文摘》进行的一项关于礼貌的研究及其引发的讨论。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“People these days worry that courtesy is becoming a thing of the past. To check out the truth, US magazine Reader’s Digest carried out a study.(如今，人们担心礼貌正在成为过去。为了查明真相，美国杂志《读者文摘》进行了一项研究。)”可知，《读者文摘》想通过这项研究找出不同国家关于礼貌的真相。故选A。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段“How can we judge someone’s value simply by whether they hold a door open?(我们怎么能仅仅通过一个人是否开门来判断他的价值呢？)”可知，John Christopher Padilla认为不能仅仅通过扶着门来判断一个人是否有礼貌，还有很多其他的方式来表现礼貌。故选C。 (3)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段“Asians argued that they did the study only by Western ideas of courtesy.(亚洲人认为，他们只是按照西方的礼貌观念进行了研究。)”可知，《读者文摘》只按照西方的礼貌观念进行了研究，所以得到了亚洲人不满意的研究结果。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。文章首先介绍了《读者文摘》进行的一项关于礼貌的研究，然后讲述了亚洲人对这项研究结果的不满，最后指出不同文化中的人有不同的礼貌表达方式，不应该说一种文化比另一种文化更有礼貌，而应该尝试理解和尊重这些差异，由此可知，这篇文章主要讲了关于这项调查的争论。故选D。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·湖南名校联盟·期中）While Tesla’s Model S was not the first car with a touchscreen, its simple design and large display quickly started a new trend in the auto industry. Soon, most new cars used big screens to control everything from air conditioning to music and even safety systems such as lane- keeping assistance. But are touchscreens safe? The argument against them is clear: if using a phone while driving is risky, then using a car screen must be similar. Physical buttons (按钮) let drivers use touch and memory to change settings without looking away from the road. A flat screen gives no physical feedback (反馈), and finding the right option may require several taps. These actions can easily distract drivers. Many studies corroborate these worries. A 2022 Swedish test asked drivers to change radio stations or adjust temperature while driving at 110 km/h. In older cars with buttons, all tasks took less than ten seconds. But in newer cars with screens, the same tasks sometimes took 45 seconds. Another 2024 study showed that typing a new navigation (导航) address distracted drivers for an average of 16 seconds. A British report even found that using touchscreens can slow reaction time more than driving after drinking alcohol (酒精)。 Safety groups have started to respond. From January, Euro NCAP, a European car safety program, will require cars to have real buttons for important functions like turn signals and wipers (雨刷) if they want a five-star safety rating. The rule is not law, but the rating strongly affects sales. As a result, many brands, including Volkswagen, Hyundai, and Porsche, are bringing buttons back. They say drivers prefer them and feel safer using them. But innovation never stops. Even as touchscreens are falling out of favor, many companies are turning their attention to voice control — though that is a subject for another story. 1.What is the main argument against touchscreens? A. Look modern but unsafe. B. Show poorer display quality. C. Require more screen control. D. Distract drivers while driving. 2.What does the underlined word “corroborate” mean in Paragraph 3? A. Support. B. Favor. C. Hide. D. Question. 3.What does the 2022 Swedish study mainly test? A. Task completion time. B. Drivers’ reaction time. C. Task performing habit. D. Temperature adjustment behavior. 4.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A. Legal rules on ratings. B. Marketing tools for cars. C. Industry responses on safety. D. Design changes on screens. 【答案】1. D　2. A　3. A　4. C 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了汽车触摸屏的安全性问题，并提及了行业对此的回应。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“But are touchscreens safe? The argument against them is clear: if using a phone while driving is risky, then using a car screen must be similar. Physical buttons (按钮) let drivers use touch and memory to change settings without looking away from the road. A flat screen gives no physical feedback (反馈), and finding the right option may require several taps. These actions can easily distract drivers.(但触摸屏安全吗？反对使用触摸屏的理由显而易见：如果开车时使用手机有风险，那么使用车载屏幕肯定也类似。实体按钮让驾驶员能够凭借触感和记忆在不转移视线的情况下更改设置。而平面屏幕无法提供物理反馈，找到正确的选项可能需要多次点击。这些操作很容易分散驾驶员的注意力。)”可知，反对触摸屏的主要论点是它们会分散司机的注意力。故选D。 (2)题解析： 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Many studies corroborate these worries. A 2022 Swedish test asked drivers to change radio stations or adjust temperature while driving at 110 km/h. In older cars with buttons, all tasks took less than ten seconds. But in newer cars with screens, the same tasks sometimes took 45 seconds. Another 2024 study showed that typing a new navigation (导航) address distracted drivers for an average of 16 seconds. A British report even found that using touchscreens can slow reaction time more than driving after drinking alcohol (酒精)。(许多研究corroborate这些担忧。2022年瑞典的一项测试要求驾驶员在以110公里/小时的速度行驶时切换电台或调节温度。在配备按钮的老款汽车中，所有任务耗时均不到10秒。但在配备屏幕的新款汽车中，同样的任务有时需要45秒。另一项2024年的研究表明，输入新的导航地址平均会分散驾驶员16秒的注意力。英国的一份报告甚至发现，使用触摸屏对反应时间的减缓程度比酒后驾驶还要严重。)”可知，许多研究都支持了这些担忧，即触摸屏会分散司机的注意力，增加驾驶风险。因此，corroborate的意思是“支持”。故选A。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“A 2022 Swedish test asked drivers to change radio stations or adjust temperature while driving at 110 km/h. In older cars with buttons, all tasks took less than ten seconds. But in newer cars with screens, the same tasks sometimes took 45 seconds.(2022年瑞典的一项测试要求驾驶员在以110公里/小时的速度行驶时切换电台或调节温度。在配备按钮的老款汽车中，所有任务耗时均不到10秒。但在配备屏幕的新款汽车中，同样的任务有时需要45秒。)”可知，2022年瑞典的研究主要测试的是任务完成时间，对比了有按钮的老式汽车和有屏幕的新车在完成相同任务时所需的时间。故选A。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Safety groups have started to respond. From January, Euro NCAP, a European car safety program, will require cars to have real buttons for important functions like turn signals and wipers (雨刷) if they want a five- star safety rating. The rule is not law, but the rating strongly affects sales. As a result, many brands, including Volkswagen, Hyundai, and Porsche, are bringing buttons back. They say drivers prefer them and feel safer using them.(安全组织已经开始做出回应。从1月份开始，欧洲汽车安全计划Euro NCAP将要求汽车在想要获得五星安全评级的情况下，为转向灯和雨刷等重要功能配备实体按钮。这条规则不是法律，但评级对销售有很大影响。因此，包括大众、现代和保时捷在内的许多品牌都在重新引入按钮。他们说司机更喜欢它们，使用它们时感觉更安全。)”可知，本段主要讲述了行业对触摸屏安全问题的回应，包括安全组织的要求和汽车品牌的改变。故选C。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高一上·湖南市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学·期中）What makes a person a giver or a taker? The idea of “give vs. take” takes shape in all interactions and relationships of our lives. We’re either giving advice, making time for people, or we’re on the receiving end. We keep changing between the two based on different situations on a daily basis, if not an hourly one. According to Adam Grant, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, most people are matchers. They make careful observations on takers and make it a point for them to pay something back. They hate to see people who act so generously towards others not receive any rewards. Actually, most matchers will try hard to promote and support givers so that they can get the good they should get. Is there a gender(性别) factor that plays a part in this? A study led by Hannah Riley Bowles, a professor at Harvard University, focused on this question. She asked 200 senior managers to sit down in pairs where one person would act as the boss and the other as a worker to discuss pay promotions. Male “workers” asked for an average pay of 141k. But why did they not bargain as hard as the men? Simply because they were more likely to be givers. As a woman, I do enjoy the act of giving up my time, my knowledge, and my care and attention to others. I don’t expect anything in return, but I do tend to pull myself away when I feel like I’m not being appreciated. I also tend to get upset when I see a loved one’s continuous actions of kindness go unnoticed. So, it’s safe to say I’m 50% giver, 35% matcher and 15% taker. I do know someone, however, who is 99% giver. They’re constantly giving their time, sharing valuable ideas and going out of their way for everyone who crosses their path. Although they’ve changed the lives of many people, they rarely see any of it returned. But the universe is slowly repaying them; they’re now extremely successful, well known for what they do. 1.What can we learn from the first paragraph? A. Most people think they are givers. B. People are not always givers or takers. C. An individual is born to be a giver or a taker. D. Few differences exist between givers and takers. 2.Why do matchers want takers to pay something back? A. They hate themselves for being givers. B. They see no point in giving generously. C. They want to balance giving and taking. D. They do not like being treated differently. 3.What did Hannah’s study focus on? A. The role of giving and taking in jobs. B. The gender difference in giving and taking. C. The role of men and women in society. D. The pay difference between women and men. 4.What is a suitable title for the text? A. Giving or Taking: the Balance of Human Interaction B. Tips on How to Achieve Success Through Giving C. Are You Giving Too Much in Your Relationships? D. Gender and Giving: Why Are Women Willing to Give? 【答案】1. B　2. C　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇议论文。文章围绕人际互动中的“给予与索取”展开，指出多数人是追求平衡的匹配者，研究显示存在性别差异，还结合个人及他人案例说明两者并非固定。 (1)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We keep changing between the two based on different situations on a daily basis, if not an hourly one.(我们每天（如果不是每小时）都会根据不同的情况在两者之间切换。)”可知，我们几乎不可能总是给予者或者索取者，事实上，有时是给予者，而有时是索取者。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“According to Adam Grant, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, most people are matchers. They make careful observations on takers and make it a point for them to pay something back. They hate to see people who act so generously towards others not receive any rewards.(宾夕法尼亚大学（University of Pennsylvania）教授亚当·格兰特（Adam Grant）认为，大多数人都是匹配者。他们对索取者进行仔细观察，并强调他们必须偿还。他们讨厌看到对别人慷慨的人得不到任何回报。)”可知，匹配者会要求索取者回报，不愿看到慷慨付出者无回报，也就是说他们想在给予与索取之间取得平衡。故选C项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“A study led by Hannah Riley Bowles, a professor at Harvard University, focused on this question. She asked 200 senior managers to sit down in pairs where one person would act as the boss and the other as a worker to discuss pay promotions. Male “workers” asked for an average pay of 141k. But why did they not bargain as hard as the men? Simply because they were more likely to be givers.(哈佛大学教授汉娜·莱利·鲍尔斯（Hannah Riley Bowles）领导的一项研究专注于这个问题。她让200名高级经理两人一组坐下来，其中一人扮演老板，另一人扮演员工，讨论加薪问题。男性“工人”要求的平均工资为14.6万美元，而女性只要求14.1万美元。但她们为什么不像男人那样拼命讨价还价呢？很简单，因为他们更有可能是给予者。)”可推知，汉娜的研究重点是关于性别差异对于给予和索取行为的影响有何不同。故选B项。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“What makes a person a giver or a taker? The idea of “give vs. take” takes shape in all interactions and relationships of our lives. We’re either giving advice, making time for people, or we’re on the receiving end.(是什么让一个人成为给予者或索取者？“给予与索取”的概念在我们生活中的所有互动和关系中都有体现。我们要么提供建议，为别人腾出时间，要么我们就成了接受者。)”可知，文章开篇提出“给予与索取”是人际互动的核心，接着介绍“匹配者”的平衡作用，再探讨性别因素，最后以个人和他人案例补充，核心围绕“人际互动中给予与索取的动态平衡”。由此可知，文章的合适标题是“给予或索取：人际互动的平衡”。故选A项。 主题语境02 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·湖南长沙雷锋中学·期中）Teenage life is quite dramatic but that doesn’t mean you cannot enjoy your life in these years. Even with your daily troubles, your life is not very hard if you know how to deal with them. I know exactly how you feel. Life as a teenager can be hard. You are not a kid anymore, because you are smart enough to observe and analyse your surroundings. However, you are still not an adult because there are still lots of experiences that you need to have and lessons that you need to learn from these experiences. To top it all, the hormonal imbalance (激素失调) in your body can really mess you up emotionally. I have been there. I was in it for 6 years exploring what life is about. As a teenager, I had a major problem completing my chores (琐事) on time. And at that time, all that I needed to do was to finish my homework, study for the test and clean my room. Now, I have many more things to do: cooking, cleaning and working while striking a balance between all my relationships related to work, family and friends. That is really a lot of work. So, I will just give you one golden tip — “Never leave that till tomorrow which you can do today.” Life becomes much easier now because I finish all my work on time and I have enough time to let my hair down. Half the problems in adolescence are because we hate doing things. We’d rather go and have fun than sit down and take care of our duties and responsibilities. That is why you have so much trouble in your life. Your parents won’t let you go out with friends because you haven’t cleaned your room or your teacher is always criticizing you because you haven’t finished your assignments. 1.What does the writer mainly want to tell us in the first paragraph? A. Teenage life is hard. B. Teenagers can’t enjoy life. C. Teenage life is changeable. D. Teenagers should learn more. 2.What plays a key role in making teenage life hard most according to paragraph 2? A. The failure of concentration. B. The lack of life experience. C. The adolescent changes. D. The unfamiliar surroundings. 3.How did the writer feel about her teenage life? A. It was difficult. B. It was simple. C. It was enjoyable. D. It was boring. 4.What does the writer advise teenagers to do? A. Go and have fun. B. Shoulder the duties and responsibilities. C. Complete their homework. D. Leave their friends. 【答案】1. D　2. C　3. A　4. B 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了青少年生活虽充满挑战，但通过正确应对可以变得轻松，并给出了相关建议。 (1)题解析： 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Teenage life is quite dramatic but that doesn’t mean you cannot enjoy your life in these years. Even with your daily troubles, your life is not very hard if you know how to deal with them.(青少年生活相当富有戏剧性，但这并不意味着你不能享受这些年的生活。即使有日常的烦恼，如果你知道如何应对，你的生活也不会很艰难)”可推测，作者让青少年多学习，这样即使生活有烦恼，也不至于太难。 D. Teenagers should learn more.(青少年应该多学习)符合以上说法，故选D。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中“To top it all, the hormonal imbalance (激素失调) in your body can really mess you up emotionally. I have been there. I was in it for 6 years exploring what life is about.(最重要的是，你体内的激素失衡真的会在情绪上把你搞砸。我经历过。我花了6年时间探索生活的意义)”以及整段对青少年时期身体、心理变化的描述可知，青少年时期的变化，包括身体激素失调等，是使青少年生活变得艰难的关键因素。故选C。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段中“I know exactly how you feel. Life as a teenager can be hard.(我完全知道你的感受。青少年的生活可能很艰难)”以及第三段中“As a teenager, I had a major problem completing my chores (琐事) on time.(作为一个青少年，我最大的问题就是不能按时完成家务)”和最后一段中“Half the problems in adolescence are because we hate doing things.(青少年时期有一半的问题是因为我们讨厌做事)”可知，作者认为自己的青少年生活是艰难的。故选A。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段中“So, I will just give you one golden tip — “Never leave that till tomorrow which you can do today.”(所以，我只给你一条黄金建议：“今日事，今日毕。”)”以及最后一段中“We’d rather go and have fun than sit down and take care of our duties and responsibilities. That is why you have so much trouble in your life.(我们宁愿去玩乐，也不愿坐下来承担我们的责任和义务。这就是为什么你生活中有这么多麻烦)”以及整段对青少年逃避责任导致生活困难的描述，可推断出作者建议青少年应该承担起责任和义务。故选B。 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·湖南三新联盟·期中）No one wants others to have wrong ideas about what they can do. But sometimes, when people learn someone has a disability, they may not see the person’s true potential (潜力).That’s why, on World Down Syndrome (唐氏综合征) Day, the National Down Syndrome Society made a strong advertisement (广告). It features an actress who has Down syndrome. The advertisement starts with this person talking about driving-many think she can’t do it. Then, the person talks about other things and important life moments. All these things have one thing in common; People think someone with Down syndrome can’t do them. These include living alone, learning about Shakespeare, and going to parties. Unluckily, when people think this way, it can make those wrong ideas come true. The organization says in the advertisement, “When we have negative thoughts about people with Down syndrome, we might treat them in a way that makes those thoughts real. In sociology, this is called a self-fulfilling prophecy (自证预言).” We should notice the thoughts we have about others because of their disability or other things. Then we can change how we act. In this way, more people with Down syndrome will get encouragement, help, and support. These things will let them live their real lives fully. This advertisement is perfect for World Down Syndrome Day, but its message matters every day. The organization also says, “Let’s change how we look at things. If we have positive thoughts about people with Down syndrome, we can give them more chances at school, at work, in sports, and in social life. Maybe these positive thoughts will finally become real too.” We all need to pay more attention to people with Down syndrome. Listen to their needs, support their dreams, and let them show what they can do. Everyone deserves a chance to live a happy and meaningful life. 1.What does the advertisement mainly show about the actress? A. Her illness. B. Her potential. C. Her learning to drive. D. Her study experience. 2.How should we deal with the self-fulfilling prophecy about Down syndrome? A. We should ignore its impact. B. We should live a happy life. C. We should discuss it with others. D. We should change the bad thoughts. 3.What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A. To explain reasons. B. To offer suggestions. C. To show backgrounds. D. To provide descriptions. 4.What may be the best title for the text? A. Positive thoughts help people with Down syndrome B. We should support people with various disabilities C. The self-fulfilling prophecy is explained in sociology D. An advertisement for World Down Syndrome Day is shown 【答案】1. B　2. D　3. B　4. A 【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了积极看待唐氏综合征患者的重要性。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But sometimes, when people learn someone has a disability, they may not see the person’s true potential (潜力).That’s why, on World Down Syndrome(唐氏综合征) Day, the National Down Syndrome Society made a strong advertisement (广告). It features an actress who has Down syndrome. (但有时，当人们得知某人患有残疾时，可能看不到这个人真正的潜力。这就是为什么在世界唐氏综合征日，美国国家唐氏综合征协会制作了一则有影响力的广告，主角是一位患有唐氏综合征的女演员)”可知，广告通过唐氏综合征女演员的事例，展现她被认为不能做但实际可能做到的事，核心是体现她的潜力。故选B。 (2)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段中“We should notice the thoughts we have about others because of their disability or other things. Then we can change how we act. (我们应该留意自己因他人的残疾或其他情况而产生的想法，进而改变自己的行为方式)”及第五段中“The organization also says, “Let’s change how we look at things. If we have positive thoughts about people with Down syndrome, we can give them more chances at school, at work, in sports, and in social life. Maybe these positive thoughts will finally become real too.” (该组织还表示：“让我们改变看待事物的方式。如果我们对唐氏综合征患者抱有积极的想法，我们就能在学校、工作、体育运动以及社交生活中给予他们更多机会。也许这些积极的想法最终也会成为现实。”)”可推知，应对这种自证预言需改变负面想法，树立积极认知。故选D。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段“We all need to pay more attention to people with Down syndrome. Listen to their needs, support their dreams, and let them show what they can do. Everyone deserves a chance to live a happy and meaningful life. (我们都需要更加关注唐氏综合征患者。倾听他们的需求，支持他们的梦想，让他们展现自身能力。每个人都应有机会过上幸福且有意义的生活)”可知，该段通过“需要关注、倾听需求、支持梦想”等表述，提出了对待唐氏综合征患者的具体建议。故选B。 (4)题解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段“We all need to pay more attention to people with Down syndrome. Listen to their needs, support their dreams, and let them show what they can do. Everyone deserves a chance to live a happy and meaningful life. (我们都需要更加关注唐氏综合征患者。倾听他们的需求，支持他们的梦想，让他们展现自身能力。每个人都应有机会过上幸福且有意义的生活)”可知，文章围绕唐氏综合征相关广告展开，核心强调改变负面想法、树立积极认知对唐氏综合征患者的重要性，最终会让积极想法成为现实。A选项“Positive thoughts help people with Down syndrome (积极的想法帮助唐氏综合征患者)”贴合文章核心主旨，是文章的最佳标题。故选A。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·湖南长沙长郡中学-11月·期中）My brother once said, “I’d love for us all to live together, but it’s just not practical.” This reflects a Western way of thinking that values independence over living with family. However, as housing costs rise and families face elder care challenges, this way of thinking is changing. Living with several generations — common in places like China — is becoming popular in the UK. Recent reports showed that 1.8 million UK households now include two or more adult generations. Census (人口普查) data showed that 71 percent of Britons would consider it in the future. Money is a big reason: The cost-of-living crisis makes sharing rent, utilities (水电费) and groceries practical. For aging parents, avoiding expensive care facilities lowers financial pressure. However, focusing only on money misses the deeper benefits. Living together isn’t just about sharing bills; it’s about sharing lives. It creates support systems: Grandparents look after children, adults help with chores and teens learn patience and care from elders. In a society facing loneliness, especially among seniors, being close allows daily contact that phone calls can’t replace. My brother’s wish for a “big house” wasn’t only old memories — it showed that separated families often miss these moments. Of course, there are challenges. Privacy concerns, different routines and small spaces require give-and-take (互相谦让). But modern design, from granny flats to shared common areas, can help. The key is to set boundaries while respecting each other. Some people say living with several generations feels like going backward. I see it as progress: using tradition to solve modern problems. China’s model worked not because of duty, but because it understood that family members need each other. As we rethink aging, childcare and housing costs in the West, combining households offers more than just saving money — it can bring back the sense of community we’ve lost. Living with several generations isn’t for everyone, but calling it “impractical” ignores its potential. It is a caring response to today’s pressures, one that turns “my burden (负担)” into “our shared life”. Let’s stop seeing it as a sacrifice and start valuing it as a choice worth considering. 1.What does the author suggest about the Western view of family life? A. It prefers wealth to relationships. B. It sees independence as important. C. It values privacy more than support. D. It ignores tradition in modern times. 2.What deeper role of multi-generational living does the author highlight? A. It strengthens family connections. B. It encourages respect for traditions. C. It prepares children for adulthood. D. It reduces dependence on society. 3.Why does the author mention China’s model of living? A. To criticize Western values. B. To provide a cultural difference. C. To show a successful example. D. To defend traditional duties. 4.What does the author consider multi-generational living? A. It is modern yet imperfect. B. It is practical yet a short-term fix. C. It is outdated but unavoidable. D. It is challenging but helpful. 【答案】1. B　2. A　3. C　4. D 【解析】【导语】 这是一篇议论文。探讨了西方家庭观念的变化，多代同堂生活在英国逐渐流行的原因、深层益处、面临的挑战，以及作者对这种生活方式的看法。 (1)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段“This reflects a Western way of thinking that values independence over living with family. (这反映了西方的思维方式——重视独立而非与家人同住)”可知，西方的家庭生活观念重视独立性。故选B项。 (2)题解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段“Living together isn’t just about sharing bills; it’s about sharing lives. It creates support systems: Grandparents look after children, adults help with chores and teens learn patience and care from elders. (同住不只是分摊账单，更是共享生活。它形成支持体系：祖父母照顾孩子，成年人帮忙做家务，青少年从长辈那里学习耐心和关心)”以及“being close allows daily contact that phone calls can’t replace (亲密相处的日常联系是电话无法替代的)”可知，共享生活、代际互助和日常联系均指向“家庭联结(family connections)”，作者强调多代同堂能加强家庭联系。故选A项。 (3)题解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“China’s model worked not because of duty, but because it understood that family members need each other. As we rethink aging, childcare and housing costs in the West, combining households offers more than just saving money — it can bring back the sense of community we’ve lost. (中国模式有效，并非因为责任，而是因为它理解家人彼此需要。当西方社会重新思考养老、育儿和住房成本时，同住不仅省钱，还能找回失去的共同体意识)”可知，“China’s model worked”表明中国模式已被实践证明能满足家庭成员需求。作者提及中国模式，是为了用这个“已被证明可行的案例”，支撑“多代同堂能解决西方当下养老、育儿、住房成本等问题”的观点，属于“提供成功范例”。故选C项。 (4)题解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段“Of course, there are challenges. Privacy concerns, different routines and small spaces require give-and-take (互相谦让). (当然，也有挑战。隐私问题，不同的惯例和小空间需要相互让步)”以及最后一段“Living with several generations isn’t for everyone, but calling it ‘impractical’ ignores its potential. It is a caring response to today’s pressures (几代同堂并不适合每个人，但说它“不切实际”忽视了它的潜力。这是对当今压力的关怀回应)”可知，作者认为多代同堂具有挑战性但也是有益的。故选D项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（议论文） 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·湖南名校联考联合体·期中）People these days worry that courtesy(礼貌) is becoming a thing of the past. To check out the truth, US magazine Reader’s Digest carried out a study. They did three tests in 35 countries. In the first test, a reporter walked into a public building 20 times behind different people to see if they held the door open. In the second, a reporter bought things from 20 shops and recorded whether the sales assistants said “Thank you”. In the third, a reporter dropped a bag full of papers in 20 busy streets to see if anyone would help pick them up. According to the survey, the most impolite cities in the world are in Asia. Asians argued that they did the study only by Western ideas of courtesy. “How can we judge someone’s value simply by whether they hold a door open?” says a19-year-old student John Christopher Padilla, in the Philippine capital, Manila. Li Jin, a teacher in Hong Kong, says that whenever she has visitors she serves them the best food and sees them off. Westerners, however, often allow guests to help themselves. “Westerners may think Chinese are pushy, but they’re just trying to be polite,” Li says. “I think Eastern and Western societies have different understanding about politeness,” says an Indian university student. “South Korea is certainly a polite nation,” says Li Binghe, a 30-year-old from Seoul. “Our politeness is more about respect, especially to old people. You always see people giving their seats to old people and offering a hand when they see someone carrying heavy luggage.” In fact, people in different cultures have different ways of showing politeness. It is not fair to say one culture is more polite than another. Instead, we should try to understand and respect these differences. After all, kindness and respect are valued in every culture around the world. 1.What did Reader’s Digest want to find out by doing the study? A. The truth about courtesy in different countries. B. The reason why people paid attention to courtesy. C. How people in Asian countries showed courtesy. D. How people in different countries understood courtesy. 2.What does John Christopher Padilla really mean by what he says? A. Holding a door open is impossible in Asia. B. There are different ways to hold a door open. C. There are many other ways to show politeness. D. Holding a door open doesn’t mean politeness. 3.Why did Reader’s Digest get a result of the survey that Asians are not pleased with? A. They did the survey only in 35 countries. B. They did the survey only by Western ideas. C. They judged courtesy differently in Asia. D. They did the survey only in impolite Asian cities. 4.What is the text mainly about? A. The plan for the survey. B. The result of the survey. C. The purpose of the survey. D. The argument about the survey. Passage 2 （25-26高一上·湖南名校联盟·期中）While Tesla’s Model S was not the first car with a touchscreen, its simple design and large display quickly started a new trend in the auto industry. Soon, most new cars used big screens to control everything from air conditioning to music and even safety systems such as lane- keeping assistance. But are touchscreens safe? The argument against them is clear: if using a phone while driving is risky, then using a car screen must be similar. Physical buttons (按钮) let drivers use touch and memory to change settings without looking away from the road. A flat screen gives no physical feedback (反馈), and finding the right option may require several taps. These actions can easily distract drivers. Many studies corroborate these worries. A 2022 Swedish test asked drivers to change radio stations or adjust temperature while driving at 110 km/h. In older cars with buttons, all tasks took less than ten seconds. But in newer cars with screens, the same tasks sometimes took 45 seconds. Another 2024 study showed that typing a new navigation (导航) address distracted drivers for an average of 16 seconds. A British report even found that using touchscreens can slow reaction time more than driving after drinking alcohol (酒精)。 Safety groups have started to respond. From January, Euro NCAP, a European car safety program, will require cars to have real buttons for important functions like turn signals and wipers (雨刷) if they want a five-star safety rating. The rule is not law, but the rating strongly affects sales. As a result, many brands, including Volkswagen, Hyundai, and Porsche, are bringing buttons back. They say drivers prefer them and feel safer using them. But innovation never stops. Even as touchscreens are falling out of favor, many companies are turning their attention to voice control — though that is a subject for another story. 1.What is the main argument against touchscreens? A. Look modern but unsafe. B. Show poorer display quality. C. Require more screen control. D. Distract drivers while driving. 2.What does the underlined word “corroborate” mean in Paragraph 3? A. Support. B. Favor. C. Hide. D. Question. 3.What does the 2022 Swedish study mainly test? A. Task completion time. B. Drivers’ reaction time. C. Task performing habit. D. Temperature adjustment behavior. 4.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A. Legal rules on ratings. B. Marketing tools for cars. C. Industry responses on safety. D. Design changes on screens. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 （25-26高一上·湖南市岳麓区湖南师范大学附属中学·期中）What makes a person a giver or a taker? The idea of “give vs. take” takes shape in all interactions and relationships of our lives. We’re either giving advice, making time for people, or we’re on the receiving end. We keep changing between the two based on different situations on a daily basis, if not an hourly one. According to Adam Grant, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, most people are matchers. They make careful observations on takers and make it a point for them to pay something back. They hate to see people who act so generously towards others not receive any rewards. Actually, most matchers will try hard to promote and support givers so that they can get the good they should get. Is there a gender(性别) factor that plays a part in this? A study led by Hannah Riley Bowles, a professor at Harvard University, focused on this question. She asked 200 senior managers to sit down in pairs where one person would act as the boss and the other as a worker to discuss pay promotions. Male “workers” asked for an average pay of 141k. But why did they not bargain as hard as the men? Simply because they were more likely to be givers. As a woman, I do enjoy the act of giving up my time, my knowledge, and my care and attention to others. I don’t expect anything in return, but I do tend to pull myself away when I feel like I’m not being appreciated. I also tend to get upset when I see a loved one’s continuous actions of kindness go unnoticed. So, it’s safe to say I’m 50% giver, 35% matcher and 15% taker. I do know someone, however, who is 99% giver. They’re constantly giving their time, sharing valuable ideas and going out of their way for everyone who crosses their path. Although they’ve changed the lives of many people, they rarely see any of it returned. But the universe is slowly repaying them; they’re now extremely successful, well known for what they do. 1.What can we learn from the first paragraph? A. Most people think they are givers. B. People are not always givers or takers. C. An individual is born to be a giver or a taker. D. Few differences exist between givers and takers. 2.Why do matchers want takers to pay something back? A. They hate themselves for being givers. B. They see no point in giving generously. C. They want to balance giving and taking. D. They do not like being treated differently. 3.What did Hannah’s study focus on? A. The role of giving and taking in jobs. B. The gender difference in giving and taking. C. The role of men and women in society. D. The pay difference between women and men. 4.What is a suitable title for the text? A. Giving or Taking: the Balance of Human Interaction B. Tips on How to Achieve Success Through Giving C. Are You Giving Too Much in Your Relationships? D. Gender and Giving: Why Are Women Willing to Give? 主题语境02 人与自我-做人与做事 （25-26高一上·湖南长沙雷锋中学·期中）Teenage life is quite dramatic but that doesn’t mean you cannot enjoy your life in these years. Even with your daily troubles, your life is not very hard if you know how to deal with them. I know exactly how you feel. Life as a teenager can be hard. You are not a kid anymore, because you are smart enough to observe and analyse your surroundings. However, you are still not an adult because there are still lots of experiences that you need to have and lessons that you need to learn from these experiences. To top it all, the hormonal imbalance (激素失调) in your body can really mess you up emotionally. I have been there. I was in it for 6 years exploring what life is about. As a teenager, I had a major problem completing my chores (琐事) on time. And at that time, all that I needed to do was to finish my homework, study for the test and clean my room. Now, I have many more things to do: cooking, cleaning and working while striking a balance between all my relationships related to work, family and friends. That is really a lot of work. So, I will just give you one golden tip — “Never leave that till tomorrow which you can do today.” Life becomes much easier now because I finish all my work on time and I have enough time to let my hair down. Half the problems in adolescence are because we hate doing things. We’d rather go and have fun than sit down and take care of our duties and responsibilities. That is why you have so much trouble in your life. Your parents won’t let you go out with friends because you haven’t cleaned your room or your teacher is always criticizing you because you haven’t finished your assignments. 1.What does the writer mainly want to tell us in the first paragraph? A. Teenage life is hard. B. Teenagers can’t enjoy life. C. Teenage life is changeable. D. Teenagers should learn more. 2.What plays a key role in making teenage life hard most according to paragraph 2? A. The failure of concentration. B. The lack of life experience. C. The adolescent changes. D. The unfamiliar surroundings. 3.How did the writer feel about her teenage life? A. It was difficult. B. It was simple. C. It was enjoyable. D. It was boring. 4.What does the writer advise teenagers to do? A. Go and have fun. B. Shoulder the duties and responsibilities. C. Complete their homework. D. Leave their friends. 主题语境01 人与社会-历史、社会与文化 Passage 1 （25-26高一上·湖南三新联盟·期中）No one wants others to have wrong ideas about what they can do. But sometimes, when people learn someone has a disability, they may not see the person’s true potential (潜力).That’s why, on World Down Syndrome (唐氏综合征) Day, the National Down Syndrome Society made a strong advertisement (广告). It features an actress who has Down syndrome. The advertisement starts with this person talking about driving-many think she can’t do it. Then, the person talks about other things and important life moments. All these things have one thing in common; People think someone with Down syndrome can’t do them. These include living alone, learning about Shakespeare, and going to parties. Unluckily, when people think this way, it can make those wrong ideas come true. The organization says in the advertisement, “When we have negative thoughts about people with Down syndrome, we might treat them in a way that makes those thoughts real. In sociology, this is called a self-fulfilling prophecy (自证预言).” We should notice the thoughts we have about others because of their disability or other things. Then we can change how we act. In this way, more people with Down syndrome will get encouragement, help, and support. These things will let them live their real lives fully. This advertisement is perfect for World Down Syndrome Day, but its message matters every day. The organization also says, “Let’s change how we look at things. If we have positive thoughts about people with Down syndrome, we can give them more chances at school, at work, in sports, and in social life. Maybe these positive thoughts will finally become real too.” We all need to pay more attention to people with Down syndrome. Listen to their needs, support their dreams, and let them show what they can do. Everyone deserves a chance to live a happy and meaningful life. 1.What does the advertisement mainly show about the actress? A. Her illness. B. Her potential. C. Her learning to drive. D. Her study experience. 2.How should we deal with the self-fulfilling prophecy about Down syndrome? A. We should ignore its impact. B. We should live a happy life. C. We should discuss it with others. D. We should change the bad thoughts. 3.What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A. To explain reasons. B. To offer suggestions. C. To show backgrounds. D. To provide descriptions. 4.What may be the best title for the text? A. Positive thoughts help people with Down syndrome B. We should support people with various disabilities C. The self-fulfilling prophecy is explained in sociology D. An advertisement for World Down Syndrome Day is shown Passage 2 （25-26高一上·湖南长沙长郡中学-11月·期中）My brother once said, “I’d love for us all to live together, but it’s just not practical.” This reflects a Western way of thinking that values independence over living with family. However, as housing costs rise and families face elder care challenges, this way of thinking is changing. Living with several generations — common in places like China — is becoming popular in the UK. Recent reports showed that 1.8 million UK households now include two or more adult generations. Census (人口普查) data showed that 71 percent of Britons would consider it in the future. Money is a big reason: The cost-of-living crisis makes sharing rent, utilities (水电费) and groceries practical. For aging parents, avoiding expensive care facilities lowers financial pressure. However, focusing only on money misses the deeper benefits. Living together isn’t just about sharing bills; it’s about sharing lives. It creates support systems: Grandparents look after children, adults help with chores and teens learn patience and care from elders. In a society facing loneliness, especially among seniors, being close allows daily contact that phone calls can’t replace. My brother’s wish for a “big house” wasn’t only old memories — it showed that separated families often miss these moments. Of course, there are challenges. Privacy concerns, different routines and small spaces require give-and-take (互相谦让). But modern design, from granny flats to shared common areas, can help. The key is to set boundaries while respecting each other. Some people say living with several generations feels like going backward. I see it as progress: using tradition to solve modern problems. China’s model worked not because of duty, but because it understood that family members need each other. As we rethink aging, childcare and housing costs in the West, combining households offers more than just saving money — it can bring back the sense of community we’ve lost. Living with several generations isn’t for everyone, but calling it “impractical” ignores its potential. It is a caring response to today’s pressures, one that turns “my burden (负担)” into “our shared life”. Let’s stop seeing it as a sacrifice and start valuing it as a choice worth considering. 1.What does the author suggest about the Western view of family life? A. It prefers wealth to relationships. B. It sees independence as important. C. It values privacy more than support. D. It ignores tradition in modern times. 2.What deeper role of multi-generational living does the author highlight? A. It strengthens family connections. B. It encourages respect for traditions. C. It prepares children for adulthood. D. It reduces dependence on society. 3.Why does the author mention China’s model of living? A. To criticize Western values. B. To provide a cultural difference. C. To show a successful example. D. To defend traditional duties. 4.What does the author consider multi-generational living? A. It is modern yet imperfect. B. It is practical yet a short-term fix. C. It is outdated but unavoidable. D. It is challenging but helpful. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $