内容正文:
冀教版 · 八年级上册 Unit 5 词汇趣味讲义
Work Education · 53 个核心词汇轻松拿下
(本讲义依据冀教版八年级上册 Unit 5 编写,收录单元全部 53 个核心词汇;音标、词性与释义以课本为准。)
使用说明 · 30 分钟学习路线
★ 目标:学完本讲义,你能认读、拼写 Unit 5 的 53 个核心词汇,会用 take a shower、play a role、take pride in 等高频搭配,并在“劳动与生活”的情境中自然说出这些词。
★ 路线:① 读一读热身故事,猜猜加粗单词的意思 → ② 对照“单词大本营”逐个记 → ③ 跟着“读音密码”读准 → ④ 背下“搭配加油站” → ⑤ 完成“趣味闯关”并对照答案。
Part 1 · 热身故事:《Work Education》
Work Education
Today is our labour education day. We leave our classroom and go to the school kitchen. Our task: cook a big meal! We chop onions and cucumbers with a sharp knife. Soon, the soup is ready. We cook corn, beans and a big pot of porridge. “Don’t forget to wash your hands before you taste it,” says our teacher.
Grandma tells me that cooking is a useful skill. It plays an important role in our lives. It is good for our mental health and physical growth. Working in the kitchen is beneficial for our overall well-being. It builds our character, too. “Every member of the household should share the responsibility,” she says. “That gives you a sense of value and a sense of pride. We cooperate with our classmates in the kitchen — good communication makes good food!”
In the field, we learn to farm. Grandpa shows us a sickle. “Bend your body, hold the stem, and cut the wheat above the root,” he says. The wheat is about one hundred centimetres tall. Farming is great fitness exercise! “A patient worker never gives up,” he adds. “As a teenager, you should learn to work — whether it is easy or hard. Remember to combine work and rest, and take a shower after training. The result of hard work? A strong body and strong muscles!”
Our class also visits the post office. A postman delivers mail to every county, even to small villages in the valley. The messenger travels far, and the total distance is amazing. In winter, the temperature can drop to -20 degrees Celsius.
The postman says: “Our service touches every family. I don’t expect any thanks, but your smile is the best reward!” People like him serve the whole town. His basic tools are a bike and a big bag. He packages letters carefully, and delivers them on time. “An outside job is hard,” he says, “but it touches my heart.” We all respect him.
(故事里的加粗单词共 53 个,正好是本单元的全部核心词汇——先看一遍,能猜出几个意思?)
Part 2 · 单词大本营(53 词全收录)
★ 记单词有方法:拆词、谐音、联想、对比、成对记,找到适合你的那一招!
序号
单词
音标
词性
释义
趣味记忆法
1
leave
/liːv/
v.
离开
谐音“利夫”→离开;leave for 出发去。
2
corn
/kɔːn/
n.
玉米;谷物;谷粒
谐音“科恩”→玉米;corn 玉米。
3
bean
/biːn/
n.
豆;豆荚;豆科植物
谐音“本”→豆;green beans 四季豆。
4
cucumber
/ˈkjuːkʌmbə(r)/
n.
黄瓜
谐音“酷看伯”→黄瓜;cucumber 黄瓜。
5
onion
/ˈʌnjən/
n.
洋葱;葱头
谐音“安尼恩”→洋葱;onion 洋葱。
6
chop
/tʃɒp/
v.
切碎;砍
谐音“乔普”→切碎;chop up 切碎。
7
knife
/naɪf/
n. (pl. knives)
刀
谐音“奈夫”→刀;复数 knives。
8
soon
/suːn/
adv.
早;立刻;不久
谐音“孙”→不久;see you soon 一会儿见。
9
porridge
/ˈpɒrɪdʒ/
n.
粥;面糊;麦片粥
谐音“跑瑞吉”→粥;porridge 麦片粥。
10
role
/rəʊl/
n.
作用;职能;角色
谐音“肉”→角色;play a role 起作用。
11
mental
/ˈmentl/
adj.
精神的;思想的
谐音“门头”→精神上的;mental health 心理健康。
12
growth
/ɡrəʊθ/
n.
成长;增加
拆词:grow(生长)+ th = 成长;growth 成长。
13
overall
/ˌəʊvərˈɔːl/
adj.
全面的;总体的
拆词:over(全部)+ all(全部)= 全面的;overall 总体的。
14
well-being
/ˈwel biːɪŋ/
n.
健康;康乐
拆词:well(好)+ being(存在)= 康乐;幸福感。
15
value
/ˈvæljuː/
n.
价值;价格;重要性
谐音“歪溜”→价值;value 价值。
16
sense
/sens/
n.
感觉;感官;意义
谐音“森斯”→感觉;a sense of pride 自豪感。
17
responsibility
/rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/
n.
责任
拆词:responsible(负责的)+ ity = 责任。
18
beneficial
/ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/
adj.
有利的
拆词:benefit(好处)+ cial = 有利的。
19
muscle
/ˈmʌsl/
n.
肌肉;体力
谐音“马瘦”→练肌肉变瘦;muscle 肌肉。
20
cooperate
/kəʊˈɒpəreɪt/
v.
合作
拆词:co(共同)+ operate(操作)= 合作。
21
result
/rɪˈzʌlt/
n.
后果;结果;成果;v. (因……)发生
谐音“瑞早特”→结果;as a result 因此。
22
character
/ˈkærəktə(r)/
n.
性格;字;角色
谐音“凯瑞克特”→性格;character 性格/角色/字。
23
communication
/kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn/
n.
表达;交流
拆词:communicate(交流)+ tion = 交流。
24
teenager
/ˈtiːneɪdʒə(r)/
n.
青少年
拆词:teen + age + r = 青少年。
25
whether
/ˈweðə(r)/
conj.
不论;是否
谐音“威泽”→是否;whether…or… 不论……还是……。
26
household
/ˈhaʊshəʊld/
n.
家庭
拆词:house(房子)+ hold(持有)= 家庭。
27
fitness
/ˈfɪtnəs/
n.
健康;健壮
拆词:fit(健康的)+ ness = 健壮;fitness 健康。
28
sickle
/ˈsɪkl/
n.
镰刀
谐音“西口”→镰刀;sickle 镰刀。
29
bend
/bend/
v. (
使四肢等)弯曲
谐音“笨的”→弯腰;bend 弯曲。
30
stem
/stem/
n.
茎;柄
谐音“斯得姆”→茎;stem 茎。
31
centimetre
/ˈsentɪmiːtə(r)/
n.
厘米
拆词:centi(百分之一)+ metre(米)= 厘米。
32
above
/əˈbʌv/
prep.
在……上面;超过
谐音“阿巴夫”→在……上面;反义词 below。
33
patient
/ˈpeɪʃnt/
adj.
有耐心的;能容忍的;n. 病人,患者
一词多义:有耐心的 / 病人;be patient 有耐心。
34
basic
/ˈbeɪsɪk/
adj.
基本的;基础的
拆词:base(基础)+ ic = 基本的;basic skills 基本技能。
35
shower
/ˈʃaʊə(r)/
n.
淋浴
谐音“傻我”→淋浴;take a shower 洗澡。
36
taste
/teɪst/
v.
尝;尝出;n. 味道;爱好
谐音“泰斯特”→尝;taste 味道。
37
combine
/kəmˈbaɪn/
v. (
使)结合
拆词:com(共同)+ bine → 结合;combine A and B 结合。
38
training
/ˈtreɪnɪŋ/
n.
锻炼;培训
拆词:train(训练)+ ing = 培训;training 锻炼。
39
pride
/praɪd/
n.
自豪;骄傲
谐音“普拉德”→自豪;take pride in 以……为豪。
40
postman
/ˈpəʊstmən/
n. (pl. postmen)
邮递员;邮差
拆词:post(邮政)+ man(人)= 邮递员;复数 postmen。
41
county
/ˈkaʊnti/
n.
县
谐音“康提”→县;county 县。
42
messenger
/ˈmesɪndʒə(r)/
n.
送信人
拆词:message(消息)+ er = 送信人。
43
mail
/meɪl/
n.
邮件;邮政
谐音“妹儿”→邮件;mail 邮件。
44
total
/ˈtəʊtl/
n.
总数;总计;adj. 总计的;全部的
谐音“偷偷”→总数;in total 总计。
45
valley
/ˈvæli/
n.
山谷;流域
谐音“歪理”→山谷;valley 山谷。
46
Celsius
/ˈselsiəs/
adj.
摄氏的
音译词:Celsius 摄氏;degrees Celsius 摄氏度。
47
deliver
/dɪˈlɪvə(r)/
v.
投递;传送;发表
谐音“迪利佛”→投递;deliver 投递。
48
package
/ˈpækɪdʒ/
n.
包;袋;v. 将……包装好
拆词:pack(打包)+ age = 包裹;package 包。
49
serve
/sɜːv/
v.
可用作;提供;服务
谐音“涩味”→服务;serve 服务。
50
expect
/ɪkˈspekt/
v.
期待;预料;盼望
谐音“伊克斯派克特”→期待;expect 预料。
51
service
/ˈsɜːvɪs/
n.
服务;兵役
拆词:serve(服务)+ ice = 服务。
52
touch
/tʌtʃ/
n.
触;碰;v. 触碰;接触
谐音“踏起”→触碰;touch 触摸。
53
outside
/ˌaʊtˈsaɪd/
adj.
外部的;adv. 在外面;向外面
拆词:out(外)+ side(边)= 在外面;反义词 inside。
Part 3 · 读音密码(4 条语音规律)
① 后缀 -ness 家族:fitness(健康)、well-being(康乐)—— 名词后缀记牢,形容词变名词。
② 一词多义:patient(有耐心的/病人)、character(性格/角色/字)—— 结合语境判断意思。
③ 拆词联想法:household = house + hold;postman = post + man;centimetre = centi + metre—— 拆开就懂,一记一串。
④ 反义词成对记:above ↔ below;outside ↔ inside;leave ↔ arrive—— 成对记,一记两个。
Part 4 · 搭配加油站(8 组高频搭配)
搭配
意思
例句(本单元情境)
take a shower
洗澡
After training, take a shower.
play a role
起作用;扮演角色
Cooking plays a role in our life.
a sense of pride
自豪感
I have a sense of pride.
take pride in
以……为豪
We take pride in our work.
combine A with B
把A与B结合
Combine work with rest.
in total
总计
In total, we cooked ten dishes.
deliver mail
投递邮件
The postman delivers mail every day.
be patient with
对……有耐心
Be patient with your work.
Part 5 · 趣味闯关(6 关通关秘籍)
关卡一 · 单词消消乐(选词填空)
【bend】 【cooperate】 【deliver】 【expect】 【fitness】 【leave】 【patient】 【responsibility】 【serve】 【taste】
1. We ___ school at 5 p.m.
2. Please ___ your body and touch your toes.
3. Let’s ___ with each other.
4. Be ___ with your little brother.
5. Running is good ___ exercise.
6. The postman ___ letters every day.
7. This dish can ___ four people.
8. I ___ a letter from my pen pal.
9. Cooking is my ___ at home.
10. Please ___ the soup.
关卡二 · 火眼金睛(单项选择)
1. The wheat is about 100 ___ tall.
A. valleys B. centimetres C. packages D. roles
2. The postman ___ mail to every county.
A. chops B. serves C. bends D. delivers
3. We should ___ work with rest.
A. leave B. combine C. touch D. expect
4. Take a ___ after training.
A. stem B. mail C. shower D. sickle
5. A ___ worker never gives up.
A. basic B. mental C. total D. patient
6. Cooking is good for our ___ health.
A. mental B. outside C. soon D. whether
关卡三 · 单词找房间(词性分类)
把下列 12 个单词按词性送进正确的“房间”(填序号即可)。
1. corn 2. chop 3. mental 4. muscle 5. cooperate 6. result 7. fitness 8. patient 9. outside 10. deliver 11. total 12. soon
房间
住进来的单词(填序号)
名词房
____________________________
动词房
____________________________
形容词房
____________________________
副词房
____________________________
关卡四 · 最佳搭档(搭配连线)
把左边的词(组)与右边正确的意思连起来。
左(搭配)
右(意思)
1. take a
a. role(起作用)
2. play a
b. shower(洗澡)
3. a sense of
c. pride(自豪感)
4. take pride
d. in(以……为豪)
5. combine A
e. with B(结合)
6. in
f. total(总计)
7. deliver
g. mail(投递邮件)
8. be patient
h. with(对……有耐心)
关卡五 · 我是翻译官(中译英)
1. 农民伯伯弯腰用镰刀割麦子。(bend, sickle, wheat)
2. 劳动对青少年的成长有好处。(beneficial, teenager, growth)
3. 邮递员把邮件送到每个县。(postman, deliver, mail, county)
4. 我们要把工作和休息结合起来。(combine, work, rest)
5. 我为我的劳动成果感到自豪。(take pride in, result)
6. 这汤尝起来真棒。(taste, soup)
关卡六 · 谜语大挑战(脑筋急转弯)
1. I make you cry when you cut me, but I am a tasty vegetable. What am I?
2. I am yellow, I grow on a plant, and I am a grain. Pop! What am I?
3. I am a tool with a curved blade. Farmers cut wheat with me. What am I?
(提示:三道题的答案里藏着 onion、corn、sickle 三个单词。)
Part 6 · 参考答案
关卡一 · 单词消消乐
1. leave 2. bend 3. cooperate 4. patient 5. fitness 6. delivers 7. serve 8. expect 9. responsibility 10. taste
关卡二 · 火眼金睛
1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A
关卡三 · 单词找房间
名词房:1、4、6、7; 动词房:2、5、10; 形容词房:3、8、9、11; 副词房:12。
关卡四 · 最佳搭档
1-b 2-a 3-c 4-d 5-e 6-f 7-g 8-h
关卡五 · 我是翻译官(参考答案)
1. The farmer bends and cuts the wheat with a sickle.
2. Working is beneficial to a teenager’s growth.
3. The postman delivers mail to every county.
4. We should combine work with rest.
5. I take pride in the result of my work.
6. The soup tastes great.
关卡六 · 谜语大挑战
1. An onion.
2. Corn.
3. A sickle.
Part 7 · 我的词汇打卡清单
每掌握一个词,就在对应的格子里打“√”。全部 53 个√,你就是本单元的单词小达人!
单词
会读
会拼
会用
leave
corn
bean
cucumber
onion
chop
knife
soon
porridge
role
mental
growth
overall
well-being
value
sense
responsibility
beneficial
muscle
cooperate
result
character
communication
teenager
whether
household
fitness
sickle
bend
stem
centimetre
above
patient
basic
shower
taste
combine
training
pride
postman
county
messenger
mail
total
valley
Celsius
deliver
package
serve
expect
service
touch
outside
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$