Unit 5 First aid 单元语法归纳 清单-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语知识清单系统梳理了动词-ing形式的语法体系。从区分现在分词（兼具动、副、形容词特征）和动名词（兼具动、名词特征）入手，明确基本形式（否定式及主动/被动的一般式、完成式），进而梳理其句法功能（动名词作主语/宾语、动词-ing作表语/定语、现在分词作状语/宾补）及动名词复合结构，构建完整学习支架。 知识链路按“形式—功能—特殊用法”逻辑展开，每个功能点配教材原句与典型例句，重点标注易混点（如动名词与现在分词作表语/定语的区别、感官动词后宾补用法等）。通过实例对比和细节提示，助力学生提升语言能力（精准理解与运用动词-ing）和思维品质（分析句法功能差异），形成结构化语法学习策略。

人教版高中英语选修二 Unit5 First aid单元语法归纳 重点 动词-ing 形式 动词-ing 形式分为现在分词和动名词。现在分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，动名词兼有动词和名词的特征，两者都可以接宾语或被状语修饰。 一、动词-ing 形式的基本形式 动词-ing 形式的否定形式是在其前加 not。动词-ing 形式有时态和语态的变化 主动式 被动式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 二、动词-ing 形式的句法功能 ① 动名词作主语，多表示一般或抽象的重复多次的行为。有时用 it 作形式主语，将作主语的动名词(短语)后置，常见句型有：it is a waste of time doing...、it is no use/useless/no good doing...。 ● As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. ● It's no use arguing with him. 和他争论是无用的。 【特别注意】 单个动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数；由 and 连接的并列动名词作主语时，如果强调一个整体，谓语动词用单数，如果强调不同的事物，谓语动词则用复数。 ● Sitting and talking to old friends is a pleasant way to spend an evening. ● Climbing and fishing are his favourites. ② 动名词作宾语 (1)常接动名词作宾语的动词有：mind、suggest、enjoy、admit、appreciate、avoid、delay、dislike、escape、finish、imagine、keep、miss、practise、resist、risk、deny、consider 等。 ● I suggest doing it in a different way. (2)常接动名词作宾语的短语有：be devoted to、feel like、look forward to、insist on、think of、dream of、object to、be engaged in、depend on、aim at、set about、be/get used to、be fond of、be afraid of、be tired of、succeed in、be interested in 等。 ● If you insist on leaving now, please go ahead. (3)动名词在介词(but、except 除外)后作宾语。 ● You can protect the burnt area by covering it with a loose clean cloth. 【特别注意】 forget、mean、regret、remember、try 等词后可接动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。 ● I remember doing the exercise. ● I must remember to keep good records. ③ 动词-ing 形式作表语 (1)动名词作表语，表示抽象概念的动作，这种动作未必正在进行。 ● Seeing is believing. (2)现在分词作表语，表示主语的性质或特征，意为“令人……的”。 ● The news is inspiring. ④ 动词-ing 形式作定语 (1)动名词作前置定语，表示用途或性质。 ● The reading room is large and bright. (2)单个的现在分词作前置定语往往有形容词的性质，也表示主动和进行；现在分词短语作后置定语时，往往表示正在发生或与谓语动作同时发生的动作，其作用相当于一个定语从句。 • It is best to place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. • I found a sleeping baby on the bed. • The man standing by the window (= who is standing by the window) is our teacher. 【特别注意】 动词-ing形式的被动式、动词-ed形式和不定式的被动式作定语之间的区别 →表被动和进行 • The building being built now is our new school. 现在在建的大楼是我们的新学校。 →表被动和完成 • The building built three years ago is in ruins. 三年前建的那座大楼已成废墟。 →表被动和将来 • The building to be built next year will be excellent. 明年要建的那座大楼会非常棒。 ⑤ 现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语通常和句子的主语一致，且分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是逻辑上的主动关系。作状语时，现在分词可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句。注意：当现在分词作结果状语时，其逻辑主语既可以是句子的主语，也可以是前面整句话的内容。 • ... in 1974, an American doctor, Henry Heimlich, created the Heimlich manoeuvre, saving thousands of lives around the world. ……美国医生亨利·海姆利希于1974年发明了“海姆利希手法”，挽救了世界上成千上万个生命。[教材原句P56] • The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily. • Having studied about 600 clinical cases, the scientist found a cure for the disease. • Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once. = When they heard their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once. • Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help. • Working hard, you'll succeed. 【特别注意】 有些惯用的现在分词形式在句中可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，作评注性状语，表明说话者的态度、观点等。常见的有： generally speaking 一般说来 strictly speaking 严格说来 frankly/honestly speaking 坦白地/老实说 judging from/by... 根据……判断 taking... into consideration 考虑到…… • Judging by the look on his face, I was in really bad shape. ⑥ 现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语往往是其逻辑主语，分词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。 • Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 如有必要，用剪刀把衣服剪掉，除非你看到织物粘在烧伤的皮肤上。[教材原句P51] • They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly. (1)当转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的现在分词便转换为主语补足语。 • A student will be punished if he or she is found cheating in an exam. (2)能用现在分词作宾语补足语的几类动词(短语)： ①表示感觉或心理状态的动词，常见的有see、hear、feel、smell、find、notice、observe、look at、listen to等。 ● Listening to music at home is one thing, while going to hear it being performed live is quite another. ②表示指使意义的使役动词，常见的有have、get、set、keep、leave等。 ● I won't have you running about in the room. 【特别注意】 see、hear、feel、watch等感官动词后，用现在分词作宾语补足语强调动作正在进行，用动词不定式作宾语补足语强调动作的全过程，主动语态中要省去不定式符号to。 ● We heard the telephone ringing. 我们听见电话正在响。 ● We heard the telephone ring. 我们听见电话响了。 三、动名词的复合结构 动名词的复合结构可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等，此时动名词短语有自己的逻辑主语。 常见的动名词复合结构的构成： 形容词性物主代词/宾格代词/名词所有格/名词普通格+ doing/being done ● Her not being brought up on a farm caused her to become curious about nature. ● They don't like me/my coming here. ● Drivers' being absorbed in music is a cause of many traffic accidents. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $