Unit 5 Period 3 Using Language（知识清单）英语人教版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语知识清单聚焦“急救”主题，系统梳理Unit 5 Using Language模块核心内容。从南丁格尔名言引入，涵盖29个重点单词、20组单词变形、16个必备词块，深入解析7个核心词汇（含词形变化、搭配、即学即练），并讲解“have sth done”“so...that...”等经典句式，辅以词汇易混辨析、短语及句型易错点提示，构建从基础词汇到情境应用的学习支架。 知识链路以“词汇—句式—应用”逻辑展开，核心词汇解析结合词形转化与语境练习提升语言能力，易混词对比（如sprain/strain、choke/suffocate）通过差异分析培养思维品质，急救主题表达（含判断现场、呼叫救援等6类场景短语）链接实际情境增强学习能力，习题设计注重即时巩固，助力学生构建完整急救语言知识体系。

Unit 5 First Aid Using Language The very first requirement in a hospital is that it should do the sick no harm. —Florence Nightingale 译文：医院最基本的要求，是不能给病人造成伤害。 解读：南丁格尔在《医院札记》中提出这句话，强调医院最基本的伦理责任是保障患者安全：医疗机构不仅要积极诊治疾病，更不能因卫生条件不良、管理疏漏、操作失误或制度缺陷而给患者造成新的痛苦与伤害。它把“避免伤害”置于医疗成效之前，要求医院将清洁、通风、感染控制、规范诊疗和风险预防贯穿全部工作。世界卫生组织如今也将减少医疗服务中的可避免伤害视为患者安全的核心目标，因此这句话既是对医院底线责任的概括，也是现代患者安全理念的重要先声。 一、重点单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 6 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ankle n. 踝；踝关节 2. bleeding n. 流血；失血 3. diner n.（尤指餐馆的）就餐者 4. steak n. 牛排；肉排 5. throat n. 咽喉；喉咙 6. obstruction n. 阻碍；堵塞；阻塞物 7. fist n. 拳；拳头 8. motion n. 运动；移动 9. welfare n. 幸福；福祉；安康；福利 10. manual n. 使用手册；说明书 adj. 用手的；手工的；体力的；手控的 11. suburb n. 郊区；城外 12. membership n. 会员身份；全体会员；会员人数 13. drown vi. & vt.（使）淹死；溺死；浸泡；淹没 14. sprain vt. 扭伤（关节） n. 扭伤 15. bleed vi.（bled, bled）流血；失血 16. panic vi. & vt.（使）惊慌 n. 惊恐；恐慌 17. interrupt vi. & vt. 打断；打扰 vt. 使暂停；使中断 18. scream vi. & vt.（因愤怒或恐惧）高声喊；大声叫 n. 尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音 19. choke vi. & vt.（使）窒息；（使）哽咽 20. slap vt.（用手掌）打、拍 n.（用手掌）打、拍；拍击声 21. grab vt. 抓住；攫取 n. 抓取；抢夺 22. justify vt. 证明……有道理；为……辩护；是……的正当理由 23. collapse vi.（突然）倒塌；（因病等）昏倒 24. fellow adj. 同类的；同事的；同伴的；同情况的 n. 男人；家伙；同事；同辈；同类 25. desperate adj. 绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的 26. practical adj. 切实可行的；实际的；实践的 27. tight adj. 牢固的；紧身的；绷紧的；严密的 adv. 紧紧地；牢固地 28. foggy adj. 有雾的 29. tightly adv. 紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地 二、重点单词变形 1. bleeding n. 流血；失血→bleed vi. 流血；失血 2. drowning n. 溺水；淹死→drown v.（使）淹死；浸泡；淹没 3. panicky adj. 惊慌的；恐慌的→panic v.（使）惊慌 n. 惊恐；恐慌 4. interruption n. 打断；中断；阻断→interrupt v. 打断；打扰；使中断→interrupted adj. 被打断的；不连贯的 5. fellowship n. 伙伴关系；友谊；团体；奖学金→fellow n. 同伴；同事 adj. 同类的；同伴的 6. diner n. 就餐者→dine vi. 进餐；用餐→dining n. 进餐；用餐 7. desperation n. 绝望；拼命；孤注一掷→desperate adj. 绝望的；拼命的；非常需要的→desperately adv. 绝望地；拼命地；极其 8. practicality n. 实用性；实际性→practical adj. 切实可行的；实际的→practically adv. 实际上；几乎 9. obstruction n. 阻碍；堵塞；阻塞物→obstruct vt. 阻碍；阻塞→obstructive adj. 阻碍的；妨碍的 10. tightly adv. 紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地→tight adj. 紧的；牢固的；严密的→tighten v.（使）变紧；加强 11. motionless adj. 静止的；一动不动的→motion n. 运动；移动 12. justification n. 正当理由；辩护；证明→justify vt. 证明……有道理；为……辩护→justifiable adj. 有正当理由的；情有可原的→justified adj. 有正当理由的 13. manually adv. 用手地；手工地→manual adj. 手工的；体力的；手控的 n. 使用手册 14. foggy adj. 有雾的；模糊的→fog n. 雾 v.（使）模糊 15. suburban adj. 郊区的；住在郊区的→suburb n. 郊区；城外 16. membership n. 会员身份；全体会员；会员人数→member n. 会员；成员 17. facial adj. 面部的；脸部的→face n. 脸；面部 v. 面对；面向 18. shapeless adj. 无形状的；不成形的→shape n. 形状；体形 v. 塑造→reshape vt. 重塑；改造 19. breathing n. 呼吸→breathe v. 呼吸→breath n. 呼吸；气息→breathless adj. 喘不过气的；屏息的 20. throaty adj. 喉音的；声音低沉沙哑的→throat n. 咽喉；喉咙 三、必备词块 1. help sb to one’s feet 帮助某人站起身来 2. face up/down 面朝上（朝下） 3. sleep in 迟起；睡过头；睡懒觉 4. out of shape 健康状况不好 5. calm down (使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来 6. keep breathing 保持呼吸 7. be on one’s back 仰躺着 8. remove any pillows 去掉枕头 9. make strange noises 发出奇怪的声音 10. press down 下压；按下 11. twice a second 一秒钟两次 12. with the help of sb在某人的帮助下 13. make sure确保 14. in fact事实上；实际上 15. see sb doing sth看到某人正在做某事 16. stand by袖手旁观；做好准备；继续支持 四、核心词汇 1. drown vi.& vt.(使)淹死；溺死；浸泡；淹没 原文：Two children drowned after falling into the river. 两个孩子掉进河里淹死了。 词形变化：drowning adj.快要淹死的；溺水的 n.溺水 drowned adj.淹死的；溺亡的 常见搭配：drown oneself 投水自尽 be drowned at sea 葬身海中 be drowned in 被盖住；被淹没在；沉溺于 drown ... in ... 使……淹没在……；把……浸透 drown oneself in 沉溺于；埋头做 拓展：A drowning man will clutch at a straw. 人在绝境中会抓住任何一线希望；病急乱投医。 look like a drowned rat 全身湿透，像落汤鸡。 drown one’s sorrows 借酒浇愁。 例句：Those who learn to swim through failure will never drown in the deep waters of doubt. 学会在失败中游泳的人，永远不会溺死在怀疑的深水之中。 【即学即练】 1. According to the report, the animals were drowned (drown) when floodwater filled the locked enclosure. 2. Do not drown fresh vegetables in sauce, because their natural flavor deserves attention. 3. Regular swimming lessons can reduce the risk of drowning (drown) among young children. 4. After walking home through the storm, he looked like a drowned (drown) rat. 5. 当生存变得没有把握时，绝境中的人会抓住任何一线希望。 When survival feels uncertain, a drowning man will clutch at a straw. 6. 我们淹没在海量数据中，却缺少善用这些数据的智慧。 We were drowning in data yet lacked the wisdom to use it well. 2. panic vi.& vt.(使)惊慌　n.惊恐；恐慌 原文：When listening to instructions in English, you should listen carefully and don't panic. 在听英语指令时，你应该仔细听，不要惊慌。 词形变化：panicky adj.惊慌的；恐慌的 常见搭配：vi.& vt.(使)惊慌 panic over/about/at ... 因……而恐慌 panic sb into doing sth 使某人惊慌地做某事 n.惊恐；恐慌 get into a panic 使陷入惊慌状态 in panic 惊慌失措地 a wave/surge of panic 一阵恐慌 注意：panic的过去式、过去分词都是panicked；现在分词是panicking。 例句：Panic narrows the mind, but one deliberate breath can reopen the door to wise action. 恐慌会缩窄思维，但一次有意识的呼吸能重新开启理性行动之门。 【即学即练】 1. When the fire alarm sounded, several guests panicked (panic) and rushed toward the nearest exit. 2. The investors panicked over/ about the sudden rumor before checking whether it was actually true. 3. False reports panicked residents into leaving their homes before officials issued any warning. 4. Many shoppers were panicked into buying (buy) supplies they did not genuinely need. 5. He called his sister in panic after losing his passport abroad. 6. His panicky (panic) reaction made a minor delay seem like a serious emergency. 3. interrupt vi.& vt.打断；打扰　vt.使暂停；使中断 原文：Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table. 北京高中生陈伟在吃晚餐，这时另一桌突然传来客人的尖叫声，打断了他的进餐。 词形变化：interruption n.打断；中断；阻断 interrupted adj.被打断的；不连贯的 常见搭配：a brief/temporary interruption 短暂的中断 constant/frequent interruptions 持续不断的干扰 a rude interruption 无礼的插话 without interruption 连续地；不断地 interrupt somebody with something 用某事打断某人 be interrupted by something 被某事打断 例句：Life will interrupt our plans, but wisdom begins when we learn to continue with purpose. 生活会打乱我们的计划，但当我们学会坚定前行时，智慧便由此开始。 【即学即练】 1. The students repeatedly interrupted the professor with questions about the difficult experiment. 2. The outdoor ceremony was briefly interrupted (interrupt) by heavy rain and powerful winds. 3. She studied for three hours without interruption (interrupt) and finally understood the difficult theory. 4. 在人们表达重要观点时打断他们是不礼貌的。 It is impolite to interrupt people while they are expressing an important opinion. 5. 街上的噪声在夜间多次打断了她的睡眠。 The noise from the street interrupted her sleep several times during the night. 4. desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的 原文：He was now holding his throat with his face turning red, while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back. 只见他按着喉咙，满脸通红，而他的几个朋友正拼命拍打他的背部。 词形变化：desperation n.绝望；拼命；孤注一掷 desperately adv.绝望地；拼命地；极其 常见搭配：be desperate for sth 极想(得到)某物 be desperate to do sth 极想做某事 be desperate for sb to do sth 急切希望某人做某事 in desperate need of sth 急需某物 a desperate attempt to do sth 为做某事而进行的拼死尝试 a desperate bid to do sth 为做某事而作出的孤注一掷的努力 in desperation 在绝望中；无计可施之下 out of desperation 出于绝望；因走投无路 例句：Desperate moments reveal character, but hope grows when courage chooses patience over reckless action and fear. 绝望的时刻能够显露品格，但当勇气选择耐心而非鲁莽与恐惧时，希望便会生长。 【即学即练】 1. The rescue team searched desperately (desperate) through the night for survivors trapped beneath the collapsed building. 2. In desperation, she sold her jewelry to pay for her son’s urgent medical treatment. 3. He accepted the risky loan out of desperation (desperate), not because he trusted the lender. 4. Thousands of displaced families are desperate for clean water, safe shelter, and basic medicine. 5. She was desperate to prove (prove) that one failure could not define her entire future. 6. The abandoned school is in desperate need of repairs before students can return safely. 7. He made a desperate bid to save (save) the agreement before both sides abandoned further negotiations. 5. grab vt.抓住；攫取　n.抓取；抢夺 原文：Grabbing your fist with your other hand tightly, push up and into his stomach in one motion. 另一只手紧紧握住你的拳头，快速用力向上往里挤压。 常见搭配：grab at/for ... 抓(住)；夺(得) grab ... from ... 从……抓住…… grab sb by the arm/collar/shoulders 抓住某人的手臂、衣领或肩膀 grab hold of sb/sth 一把抓住某人或某物 grab the opportunity to do sth 抓住机会做某事 grab one’s attention 吸引某人的注意 make a grab for/at sb/sth 突然伸手抓某人或某物 注意：grab的过去式、过去分词都是grabbed；现在分词是grabbing。 例句：Those who grab every opportunity may gain the world, yet lose the patience required to understand it. 那些抓住每个机会的人或许能赢得世界，却可能失去理解世界所需的耐心。 【即学即练】 1. A mugger grabbed (grab) her handbag as she was walking across the crowded park. 2. The firefighter grabbed the child by the arm and pulled him away from danger. 3. He grabbed at the branch, but his fingers closed on empty air. 4. She grabbed the opportunity to study (study) abroad and broaden her understanding of different cultures. 5. The thief made a grab for the necklace, but the guard intervened immediately. 6. 我在等待晚点的早班列车时迅速喝了一杯咖啡。 I grabbed a quick coffee while waiting for the delayed morning train. 6. face up/down面朝上(朝下) 原文：Instead, lay the child face down on your lap with the head lower than the rest of his body, and then give firm slaps to his upper back until he can breathe again. 相反，应将孩子脸朝下放在大腿上，使其头部低于身体其他部位，然后用力拍打其上背部，直至他恢复呼吸。 常见搭配：in (the) face of 面对…… face to face 面对面 be faced with 面对…… face up to sth 正视、勇敢面对某种困难或事实 例句：A card face down hides its value, just as fear conceals opportunities until courage turns it face up. 一张牌正面朝下时隐藏着价值，正如恐惧掩盖机会，直到勇气将它翻开。 【即学即练】 1. She lay face up beneath the stars, quietly reconsidering every decision she had made. 2. He finally faced up to the fact that talent alone could not guarantee success. 3. 老师先把照片正面朝下放好，然后让学生选择一张。 The teacher placed the photographs face down before asking the students to choose one. 4. 筋疲力尽的跑步者冲过终点后，面朝下躺在草地上。 The exhausted runner lay face down on the grass after finally crossing the finish line. 5. 我们必须先正视现实，才能作出有意义且持久的改变。 We must face up to reality before we can make meaningful and lasting changes. 7. out of shape健康状况不好；变形 原文：Nancy Jones felt that she was getting out of shape and decided that she needed to get some exercise. 南希·琼斯感到自己身体状况不好，决定进行身体锻炼。 常见搭配：in good shape/in shape　情况良好；身体健康 in bad/poor shape 情况不好；身体不健康 in the shape of sth 以……的形式；呈……的形状 stretch sth out of shape 把某物拉得变形 stay/keep in shape 保持良好体形或体能 get into shape 改善体能；恢复状态 take shape 逐渐成形；逐渐清晰 shape sth into sth 把某物塑造成…… shape up 改善行为或表现；发展成某种局面 例句：Being out of shape reminds us that neglected habits quietly become limits we must later overcome. 体能下降提醒我们：被忽视的习惯会悄悄变成日后必须克服的限制。 【即学即练】 1. After months of inactivity, Daniel was so out of shape that climbing two flights exhausted him. 2. Regular walking helped him get back in shape without following an extreme fitness plan. 3. The manager warned that the entire department must shape up before the next review. 4. 我的体能差到连一小段上坡路都让我气喘吁吁。 I was so out of shape that the short uphill walk left me breathless. 5. 当工作取代睡眠、运动和规律饮食时，人们的体能往往会逐渐下降。 People often get out of shape gradually when work replaces sleep, movement, and regular meals. 五、经典句式 1. have sth done 原文：Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table. 北京高中生陈伟在吃晚餐，这时另一桌突然传来客人的尖叫声，打断了他的进餐。 分析：have sth done是英语中的“have + 宾语 + 过去分词”结构，属于使役结构的一种。其核心含义是：主语使、让、安排或委托他人对宾语实施某个动作，因此真正执行动作的人通常不是主语，句子重点落在“某事被完成”这一结果上，而不是执行者是谁；其中，宾语与过去分词之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，过去分词说明宾语所承受的动作。该结构还可表示主语经历或遭遇某事，尤其常见于意外、损失或不利事件，此时并不含“主动安排”的意思，而是强调某事发生在主语的人或物上。结构中的时态、语气、否定和疑问变化都由have承担，过去分词本身不随主语变化。需要注意的是，它不同于have done sth：前者是“使某事被做”或“遭遇某事”，后者则是现在完成时结构，表示主语已经亲自完成某事。 拓展：动词have的其他常见结构： have sb do sth 让某人做某事 have sb/sth doing sth 让某人/某物一直做某事 have sth to do 有某事要做 例句：He hoped to find a good way to have his written English improved in a short period. 他希望找到一种短时间内提高英语写作水平的好方法。 【即学即练】 1. I will have my computer repaired (repair) before the new term begins. 2. The loud music next door had the baby crying (cry) for nearly an hour. 3. She had her wallet stolen (steal) while she was shopping in the crowded market. 4. With so much work to finish (finish), she decided not to attend the party. 5. 母亲让小男孩一直站在她身边，以免他走失。 The mother had the little boy standing beside her so that he would not get lost. 6. 老板不允许员工在工作时间使用手机。 The boss would not have his employees use their phones during working hours. 2. so ... that ...引导结果状语从句 原文：It is so easy, in fact, that almost anyone can learn how. 事实上，它非常容易操作，几乎任何人都能学会。 分析：so…that…是英语中表示“程度—结果”关系的典型结构，用来说明主句中的性质、状态或动作达到某种程度，从而引出相应结果。其核心形式是so＋形容词/副词＋that从句；当中心词是名词时，通常不用 so直接修饰名词，而应根据名词的性质改用such…that…，但在many、much、few、little等数量限定词修饰名词时，仍使用so＋数量词＋名词＋that从句。其中so是程度副词，强化形容词、副词或数量概念，that是从属连词，只负责引导结果状语从句，在从句中不充当主语、宾语等成分。该结构强调结果是由前面的程度自然导致的，语义重点通常落在结果上；从句时态应根据实际时间关系确定，并不受固定搭配限制。正式书面语中，为突出程度，还可将so＋形容词/副词 置于句首，此时主句通常采用部分倒装。需要注意，连续使用的so that还可以表示目的，意为“以便”，而so…that…中间通常插入形容词、副词或数量结构，表示“如此……以至于……”，二者在意义和句法功能上应加以区分。 例句： 【即学即练】 1. The lecture was so inspiring that many students stayed behind to talk with the professor. 2. There was so much noise outside that I could not concentrate on my work. 3. They are such responsible volunteers that everyone in the community respects them. 4. It was such a meaningful experience that I would never forget it. 5. 这个问题如此复杂，以至于我们无法立即作出决定。 The problem was so complicated that we could not make an immediate decision. 6. 留给我们的时间如此少，以至于我们必须立刻采取行动。 We had so little time left that we had to take action immediately. 一、词汇易混辨析 1. sprain/ strain sprain指关节周围的韧带（ligament）因突然扭转、摔倒或关节活动过度而被拉伸甚至撕裂，中文通常译为“扭伤”。常见搭配有sprain an ankle/wrist/knee。韧带的作用是连接骨与骨、稳定关节。 strain指肌肉（muscle）或肌腱（tendon）因过度拉伸、突然用力、错误发力或反复使用而受伤，中文通常译为“拉伤”。常见搭配有strain a muscle/one’s back/one’s neck。肌腱负责连接肌肉与骨骼。 核心区别： sprain→ligament（韧带）→通常发生在关节附近 strain→muscle/tendon（肌肉或肌腱）→通常由过度拉伸或用力造成 注意：判断使用哪个词时，关键不是只看受伤的身体部位，而是看受伤的组织。例如，脚踝附近的韧带受伤是ankle sprain；脚踝附近的肌肉或肌腱受伤则可能是ankle strain。 易错点：把所有“扭伤、拉伤”都统一说成sprain，或者把韧带受伤误说成strain。 ✅ The doctor confirmed that she had sprained a ligament in her right ankle. ❌ The doctor confirmed that she had strained a ligament in her right ankle. 错误理由：ligament是“韧带”，韧带被拉伸或撕裂应使用sprain；strain通常描述肌肉或肌腱受伤。因此应说sprained a ligament，不能说strained a ligament。 ✅ He strained his lower-back muscles while lifting a heavy suitcase without bending his knees. ❌ He sprained his lower-back muscles while lifting a heavy suitcase without bending his knees. 错误理由：句中的受伤组织是lower-back muscles（下背部肌肉），肌肉因用力不当而受伤应使用strain。Sprain主要用于关节周围的韧带，不能直接描述肌肉拉伤。 2. scream/ shout/ yell scream强调因恐惧、疼痛、兴奋或愤怒而发出的尖锐、高音的叫声，中文常译为“尖叫、惊叫”。它既可以表示喊出具体的话，也可以只是无意义的尖叫声，带有较强的情绪性，甚至可能是不由自主的反应。常见搭配有 scream in/with pain、scream for help、scream at somebody。 shout强调使用很大的音量说话或喊话，通常目的是让远处的人听见，或者压过周围的噪声。它是三个词中含义最宽泛、相对最中性的词，不一定表示愤怒。例如，在操场上传达指令、隔着马路叫人，都可以使用 shout。 yell意思接近shout，但通常显得更加用力、激动或失去耐心，常用于愤怒、兴奋、恐惧或疼痛等场景。它经常表示冲着某人吼叫，常见结构是yell at somebody、yell something at somebody、yell out。 核心区别： scream：声音尖锐，强调恐惧、疼痛等强烈情绪。——“尖叫”。 shout：声音很大，强调让别人听见或传递信息。——“大声喊”。 yell：声音很大且情绪强烈，常表示愤怒或激动。——“吼叫”。 注意：这三个词的含义有一定重叠，并非所有场景都只有一个词绝对正确；选择不同的词，往往会改变句子的情绪色彩。 易错点1：表示因为害怕或疼痛而发出尖锐叫声时，误用较中性的shout。 ✅ The frightened passenger screamed when smoke suddenly poured from the engine during takeoff. ⚠ The frightened passenger shouted when smoke suddenly poured from the engine during takeoff. 错误理由：这个句子想表达乘客因突然受到惊吓而发出本能、尖锐的叫声，因此用screamed更准确。Shouted在语法上并非完全不可能，但通常使人理解为乘客有意识地大声喊出了某些话，不能准确突出“吓得尖叫”的感觉。 易错点2：为了让别人听见，应使用shout。 ✅ The guide shouted directions so everyone could hear him above the rushing waterfall. ⚠ The guide screamed directions so everyone could hear him above the rushing waterfall. 错误理由：导游提高音量是为了让大家听清指令，因此应使用shouted。Screamed会让人觉得他因恐惧、疼痛或极度激动而尖叫。 3. choke/ suffocate choke强调喉咙或气道被食物、异物等具体东西堵住，导致无法正常呼吸。表示“被某物噎住”时，最常用的结构是choke on + 食物/异物，如choke on a bone。此外，choke somebody也可以表示掐住或压迫某人的喉咙，使其无法呼吸。 suffocate强调因为缺少氧气或空气而无法呼吸，甚至窒息死亡。原因可以是密闭空间、烟雾、塑料袋、枕头遮住口鼻等，不一定有东西直接卡在喉咙里。它既可以表示“因缺氧死亡”，也可以表示“因空气不足而感到喘不过气”。 核心区别： choke = 气道被堵住，重点是堵塞的原因或动作。 suffocate = 得不到足够氧气，重点是缺氧的状态或结果。 易错点1：表示“被食物或异物噎住”时误用suffocate ✅ The child began to choke on a grape during lunch, so his father acted quickly. ❌ The child began to suffocate on a grape during lunch, so his father acted quickly. 错误理由：葡萄直接卡住了孩子的喉咙或气道，应使用choke on a grape。英语中通常不使用suffocate on + 食物表示“被食物噎住”；suffocate强调的是缺氧，而不是某个异物堵住气道。 易错点2：表示“密闭空间中缺氧”时误用choke ✅ Several passengers could suffocate inside the sealed compartment if rescuers arrived too late. ❌ Several passengers could choke inside the sealed compartment if rescuers arrived too late. 错误理由：句中没有食物或异物堵住乘客的喉咙，而是密闭空间可能导致氧气不足，因此应该使用suffocate。使用choke容易让人误以为他们被某种东西卡住了气道。 4. clap/ slap clap强调把双手合在一起拍击，通常会连续拍多次，用来表示赞赏、配合节奏或吸引注意。常见结构有clap、clap one’s hands、clap for somebody。 slap强调用张开的手掌快速、用力地击打某人或某物，通常是一次明显的拍打，常带有生气、惩罚或突然用力的意味。常见结构有slap somebody/something、slap somebody across/on the face。 简单区别： clap = 双手互拍：鼓掌、打节拍 slap = 手掌拍人或物：掌掴、用力拍打 clap 往往是重复动作；slap 往往是快速而有力的一下 易错点：看到中文里的“拍”就混用两个词。表示“鼓掌”时不能用slap；表示“扇某人一巴掌”时，现代日常英语通常用slap，不能用clap。 ✅ The audience clapped enthusiastically after the young pianist finished her difficult final piece. ❌ The audience slapped enthusiastically after the young pianist finished her difficult final piece. 错误理由：这里表示观众“鼓掌”，需要双手反复拍击，所以应使用clapped。Slap表示用手掌击打某人或某物，通常需要说明拍打的对象，不能用来表示观众鼓掌。 ✅ She slapped the rude man across the face after he insulted her younger sister. ❌ She clapped the rude man across the face after he insulted her younger sister. 错误理由：Slap somebody across the face 是“扇某人耳光”的标准搭配，强调手掌快速击打脸部。Clap的核心意思是拍手；虽然有clap somebody on the back/shoulder这种表示友好拍背或拍肩的特殊搭配，但一般不说clap somebody across the face。 5. practical/ practicable justify强调“说明某事合理、正当或可以接受”，通常需要提供理由、依据或解释，回答的是：“为什么这样做是合理的？”常见结构：justify + 名词 / justify doing something / justify oneself。 prove强调“用事实、证据或逻辑证明某事是真的”，回答的是：“这件事究竟是不是真的？”常见结构：prove + 名词 / prove that… / prove somebody or something + 形容词 / prove to be…。 简单记忆： justify = 证明“合理” prove = 证明“真实” 易错点：不能因为中文里两个词都可以翻译成“证明”，就随意互换。为决定、行为、费用或观点提供合理理由，一般用justify。用实验、数据、事实或逻辑确认真假，一般用prove。 ✅ The manager justified delaying the launch by explaining the serious safety risks involved. ❌ The manager proved delaying the launch by explaining the serious safety risks involved. 错误理由：这里要说明的是“推迟发布这一决定为什么合理”，而不是证明“推迟发布”是一个真实事实，因此应使用justify。另外，prove doing something不是这种含义下的正常结构；而justify delaying符合justify + 动名词的用法。 ✅ The laboratory results proved that the new treatment significantly reduced infection rates in patients. ❌ The laboratory results justified that the new treatment significantly reduced infection rates in patients. 错误理由：这里的实验结果用于确认一个结论是否真实，因此应该使用prove that…。Justify主要表示说明某个决定、行为或观点合理，通常不直接接这种表示客观事实的that从句。若一定使用justify，可以改成：The laboratory results justified the conclusion that the new treatment reduced infection rates. 此时意思是“实验结果为这一结论提供了充分依据”，语气通常没有proved那么绝对。 6. obstruction/ obstacle obstruction强调“堵塞、阻挡”本身，既可以指造成堵塞的具体物体，也可以指阻挡这一行为或状态。常用于道路、通道、视线、呼吸道等被堵住的情况，也常见于法律表达，如obstruction of justice（妨碍司法）。它既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。常见搭配有an obstruction in/on...、remove/clear an obstruction、obstruction of...。 obstacle强调妨碍人们前进、行动或实现目标的“障碍、困难”。它既可以是挡路的具体物体，也可以是资金不足、缺乏经验、恐惧等抽象困难。通常是可数名词。常见搭配有an obstacle to...、overcome an obstacle、face obstacles、an obstacle in somebody’s path。 核心区别： obstruction＝某处被“堵住、挡住”，重点是阻塞状态或阻挡行为。 obstacle＝前进或成功道路上的“障碍”，重点是造成困难、阻碍目标实现。 易错点：表示“成功、发展、完成任务所面临的困难”时，容易误用obstruction；表示“呼吸道、管道、道路或视线中的堵塞物”时，容易误用obstacle。 ✅ The doctors discovered an obstruction in the patient’s airway during the emergency examination. ⚠ The doctors discovered an obstacle in the patient’s airway during the emergency examination. 错误理由：这里指呼吸道内部发生的“堵塞”，医学和日常英语通常使用airway obstruction。Obstacle更像需要绕过或克服的外部障碍，不能准确表达身体通道被堵住的状态。韦氏词典也以airway obstruction和intestinal obstruction说明这种用法。 ✅ Limited funding remains the biggest obstacle to completing the community project before winter. ❌ Limited funding remains the biggest obstruction to completing the community project before winter. 错误理由：这里的资金不足不是堵住道路、管道或入口的实体，也不是某人主动进行的阻挠行为，而是影响项目完成的抽象困难，因此应使用obstacle。固定结构是：an obstacle to + 名词／动名词 7. justify/ prove practical强调“实际的、实用的、切合现实的”，关注某人或某物在现实生活中是否有用、合理、适合实际需要，常与只重理论的theoretical相对。 practicable强调“可以实行的、能够完成的、行得通的”，关注一项计划、方法或行动在现有时间、资金、人员和条件下能不能真正实施，近义词是feasible和workable。 核心区别： practical：这样做有用、合理吗？ practicable：这样做在现实条件下做得到吗？ 易错点1：表示一个人“务实、能解决实际问题”时，误用practicable。Practicable通常不用于形容人的性格或处事方式。 ✅ Maria is practical and always finds simple solutions to everyday problems at work. ❌ Maria is practicable and always finds simple solutions to everyday problems at work. 错误理由：这里描述的是Maria的性格和解决实际问题的能力，应使用practical，表示“务实的、讲求实际的”。Practicable通常修饰计划、办法、措施或行动，表示它们“能够实施”，不能自然地表示一个人“很务实”。 易错点2：表示某项措施在现有条件下“可以实施”时，只使用practical。Practical更强调是否实用、合理；practicable才明确强调是否能够完成或实行。 ✅ The company must reduce workplace risks as far as reasonably practicable under current conditions. ❌ The company must reduce workplace risks as far as reasonably practical under current conditions. 错误理由：这里强调的是公司在资金、时间和现实条件允许的范围内，能够采取多少风险控制措施，因此应使用practicable。As far as reasonably practicable是正式安全及法律语境中的常见表达，意思是综合考虑风险、时间、成本和执行难度后，采取合理可实施的措施。英国健康与安全执行局也使用并解释这一表达。使用practical会把重点变成“这些措施是否实用或合理”，不能准确表达“在现有条件下能够实施到什么程度”。 二、短语搭配易错 1. help sb to one’s feet 帮助某人站起身来 help sb to one’s feet表示“帮助某人站起身来”。其中to one’s feet是固定搭配，one’s要根据前面的对象变成his、her、their等。 易错点：把固定搭配中的介词to误写成on。 例子：✅ The kind stranger helped the injured cyclist to his feet after the accident. ❌ The kind stranger helped the injured cyclist on his feet after the accident. 2. be on one’s back 仰躺着 （on 易错） be on one’s back 表示“仰躺着”，强调背部朝下、脸朝上的状态。be动词要根据主语和时态变化，one’s要换成相应的形容词性物主代词，如my、his、her、our或their。 易错点：把介词on误用成in。 例子：✅ She was on her back on the grass, watching the stars. ❌ She was in her back on the grass, watching the stars. 三、句型易错点 1. suggest that＋主语＋（should）do 课文：They suggested he eat more slowly and take smaller bites before they left. 易错点：suggest表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句通常使用虚拟语气，即“主语＋should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。 例子：✅ The coach suggested that Emma practise daily and rest properly before she entered the regional competition. ❌ The coach suggested that Emma practised daily and rested properly before she entered the regional competition. 2. Doing sth，祈使句＋until从句 课文：Grabbing your fist with your other hand tightly, push up and into his stomach in one motion. 易错点：现在分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语是祈使句中省略的you。因此，分词动作和主句动作必须由同一个人完成，不能出现悬垂分词。 例子：✅ Holding the ladder firmly with both hands, climb slowly until you reach the first platform. ❌ Holding the ladder firmly with both hands, the first platform should be reached slowly by you. 一、急救主题基础表达 first aid 急救 basic first-aid skills 基本急救技能 emergency treatment 紧急处理 a medical emergency 医疗紧急情况 an emergency situation 紧急情况 a first-aid kit 急救箱 a trained first aider 受过训练的急救人员 emergency services 紧急救援部门 professional medical help 专业医疗救助 an injured person 受伤者 a casualty 伤者；伤员 a life-threatening condition 危及生命的状况 a minor injury 轻伤 a serious injury 重伤 an accident scene 事故现场 immediate action 立即采取的行动 medical attention 医疗救治 first-aid training 急救培训 二、判断现场情况 remain calm 保持冷静 assess the situation 评估情况 check the surroundings 检查周围环境 make sure the scene is safe 确保现场安全 protect yourself from danger 保护自己免受危险 check for a response 检查伤者是否有反应 check the person’s breathing 检查伤者的呼吸 look for signs of injury 查看受伤迹象 identify the most serious problem 判断最严重的问题 act quickly but calmly 迅速而冷静地行动 avoid putting yourself at risk 避免让自己陷入危险 keep the injured person still 让伤者保持不动 reassure the injured person 安慰伤者 stay with the person 陪在伤者身边 三、呼叫急救与寻求帮助 call the emergency services 呼叫紧急救援 call an ambulance 呼叫救护车 ask someone to get help 请别人寻求帮助 seek medical assistance 寻求医疗援助 contact a medical professional 联系医疗专业人员 give the exact location 提供准确位置 describe what has happened 描述发生了什么 explain the person’s condition 说明伤者的情况 follow the operator’s instructions 按照接线员的指示行动 wait for professional help to arrive 等待专业救援到达 provide clear and accurate information 提供清晰准确的信息 stay on the phone 保持通话 send someone to meet the ambulance 派人去接应救护车 四、常见急救动作表达 呼吸与心肺复苏 open the airway 打开气道 check for normal breathing 检查是否正常呼吸 perform CPR 实施心肺复苏 give chest compressions 进行胸外按压 use an AED 使用自动体外除颤器 follow the AED’s instructions 按照除颤器的指示操作 place someone in the recovery position 将某人置于恢复体位 keep the airway open 保持气道畅通 monitor the person’s breathing 持续观察伤者的呼吸 出血与伤口 stop/control the bleeding 止血 apply pressure to the wound 按压伤口 apply firm, direct pressure 持续直接用力按压 cover the wound with a clean cloth 用干净的布盖住伤口 use a sterile dressing 使用无菌敷料 bandage the wound 包扎伤口 protect the wound from infection 防止伤口感染 wear protective gloves 戴防护手套 avoid touching the wound directly 避免直接接触伤口 keep pressure on the wound 持续按压伤口 烧伤与烫伤 suffer a burn 被烧伤 cool the burn 冷却烧伤部位 place the burn under cool running water 将烧伤处置于流动凉水下 remove clothing near the burn 移除烧伤处附近的衣物 cover the burn loosely 松松地覆盖烧伤处 avoid breaking any blisters 避免弄破水疱 seek medical attention 寻求医疗救治 prevent further damage 防止进一步损伤 骨折与跌倒 suffer a broken bone 骨折 suspect a fracture 怀疑发生骨折 support the injured area 支撑受伤部位 keep the injured part still 让受伤部位保持不动 avoid unnecessary movement 避免不必要的移动 move the person only if necessary 仅在必要时移动伤者 prevent further injury 防止伤势进一步加重 support the head and neck 支撑头部和颈部 窒息 choke on food 被食物噎住 have difficulty breathing 呼吸困难 be unable to speak or cough 无法说话或咳嗽 encourage the person to cough 鼓励伤者咳嗽 give back blows 进行背部拍击 clear the airway 清除气道阻塞 remove the blockage 清除堵塞物 lose consciousness 失去意识 五、描述伤者症状 be conscious/unconscious 有意识／无意识 be responsive/unresponsive 有反应／无反应 breathe normally 正常呼吸 have trouble breathing 呼吸困难 bleed heavily 大量出血 suffer severe pain 感到剧烈疼痛 feel dizzy 感到头晕 feel weak 感到虚弱 look pale 面色苍白 break out in a cold sweat 冒冷汗 have a rapid pulse 脉搏加快 suffer from shock 出现休克 have a swollen ankle 脚踝肿胀 have a deep cut 有一道较深的伤口 have a nosebleed 流鼻血 have an allergic reaction 出现过敏反应 complain of chest pain 表示胸痛 show signs of recovery 出现恢复迹象 regain consciousness 恢复意识 become seriously injured 受重伤 六、描述急救的重要性 save precious time 节省宝贵时间 prevent the condition from becoming worse 防止情况恶化 reduce further injury 减少进一步伤害 increase the chance of survival 提高生存机会 provide immediate care 提供及时救助 protect people in emergencies 在紧急情况下保护人们 make a life-saving difference 发挥挽救生命的作用 prepare people for unexpected accidents 让人们为突发事故做好准备 raise public safety awareness 提高公众安全意识 create a safer community 建设更安全的社区 bridge the gap before professional help arrives 在专业救援到达前提供过渡性帮助 equip people with practical skills 让人们掌握实用技能 七、叙事类写作常用表达 1. 事故发生 An accident suddenly occurred. 一场事故突然发生了。 While I was walking home, I saw a cyclist fall off his bike. 当我步行回家时，我看到一名骑车人从自行车上摔了下来。 To my surprise, a student suddenly collapsed on the playground. 令我吃惊的是，一名学生突然倒在操场上。 A crowd quickly gathered around the injured person. 人群很快聚集在伤者周围。 2. 采取行动 Without hesitation, I went over to help. 我毫不犹豫地走过去帮忙。 I asked someone nearby to call an ambulance. 我请附近的人呼叫救护车。 Having made sure the area was safe, I checked whether he was responsive. 在确保现场安全后，我检查了他是否有反应。 I tried my best to keep her calm and comfortable. 我尽力让她保持镇定和舒适。 Following the operator’s instructions, we continued to care for him. 按照接线员的指示，我们继续照顾他。 3. 救援到达 A few minutes later, the ambulance arrived. 几分钟后，救护车到达了。 The medical workers immediately took over. 医护人员立即接手了救治工作。 The injured person was taken to hospital for further treatment. 伤者被送往医院接受进一步治疗。 Fortunately, the person was no longer in immediate danger. 幸运的是，伤者已脱离眼前的危险。 4. 表达感悟 The experience made me realize the importance of learning first aid. 这次经历让我意识到了学习急救的重要性。 Had I not learned basic first aid, I might not have known what to do. 如果我没有学过基本急救，我可能不知道该怎么办。 From that day on, I became more aware of the need to be prepared for emergencies. 从那天起，我更加意识到为突发事件做好准备的必要性。 $Unit 5 First Aid Using Language The very first requirement in a hospital is that it should do the sick no harm. —Florence Nightingale 译文：医院最基本的要求，是不能给病人造成伤害。 解读：南丁格尔在《医院札记》中提出这句话，强调医院最基本的伦理责任是保障患者安全：医疗机构不仅要积极诊治疾病，更不能因卫生条件不良、管理疏漏、操作失误或制度缺陷而给患者造成新的痛苦与伤害。它把“避免伤害”置于医疗成效之前，要求医院将清洁、通风、感染控制、规范诊疗和风险预防贯穿全部工作。世界卫生组织如今也将减少医疗服务中的可避免伤害视为患者安全的核心目标，因此这句话既是对医院底线责任的概括，也是现代患者安全理念的重要先声。 一、重点单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 6 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. n. 踝；踝关节 2. n. 流血；失血 3. n.（尤指餐馆的）就餐者 4. n. 牛排；肉排 5. n. 咽喉；喉咙 6. n. 阻碍；堵塞；阻塞物 7. vn. 拳；拳头 8. n. 运动；移动 9. n. 幸福；福祉；安康；福利 10. n. 使用手册；说明书 adj. 用手的；手工的；体力的；手控的 11. n. 郊区；城外 12. n. 会员身份；全体会员；会员人数 13. vi. & vt.（使）淹死；溺死；浸泡；淹没 14. vt. 扭伤（关节） n. 扭伤 15. vi.（bled, bled）流血；失血 16. vi. & vt.（使）惊慌 n. 惊恐；恐慌 17. vi. & vt. 打断；打扰 vt. 使暂停；使中断 18. vi. & vt.（因愤怒或恐惧）高声喊；大声叫 n. 尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音 19. vi. & vt.（使）窒息；（使）哽咽 20. vt.（用手掌）打、拍 n.（用手掌）打、拍；拍击声 21. vt. 抓住；攫取 n. 抓取；抢夺 22. vt. 证明……有道理；为……辩护；是……的正当理由 23. vi.（突然）倒塌；（因病等）昏倒 24. adj. 同类的；同事的；同伴的；同情况的 n. 男人；家伙；同事；同辈；同类 25. adj. 绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的 26. adj. 切实可行的；实际的；实践的 27. adj. 牢固的；紧身的；绷紧的；严密的 adv. 紧紧地；牢固地 28. adj. 有雾的 29. adv. 紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地 二、重点单词变形 1. bleeding n. 流血；失血→ vi. 流血；失血 2. drowning n. 溺水；淹死→ v.（使）淹死；浸泡；淹没 3. panicky adj. 惊慌的；恐慌的→ v.（使）惊慌 n. 惊恐；恐慌 4. interruption n. 打断；中断；阻断→ v. 打断；打扰；使中断→ adj. 被打断的；不连贯的 5. fellowship n. 伙伴关系；友谊；团体；奖学金→ n. 同伴；同事 adj. 同类的；同伴的 6. diner n. 就餐者→ vi. 进餐；用餐→ n. 进餐；用餐 7. desperation n. 绝望；拼命；孤注一掷→ adj. 绝望的；拼命的；非常需要的→ adv. 绝望地；拼命地；极其 8. practicality n. 实用性；实际性→ adj. 切实可行的；实际的→ adv. 实际上；几乎 9. obstruction n. 阻碍；堵塞；阻塞物→ vt. 阻碍；阻塞→ adj. 阻碍的；妨碍的 10. tightly adv. 紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地→ adj. 紧的；牢固的；严密的→ v.（使）变紧；加强 11. motionless adj. 静止的；一动不动的→ n. 运动；移动 12. justification n. 正当理由；辩护；证明→ vt. 证明……有道理；为……辩护→ adj. 有正当理由的；情有可原的→ adj. 有正当理由的 13. manually adv. 用手地；手工地→ adj. 手工的；体力的；手控的 n. 使用手册 14. foggy adj. 有雾的；模糊的→ n. 雾 v.（使）模糊 15. suburban adj. 郊区的；住在郊区的→ n. 郊区；城外 16. membership n. 会员身份；全体会员；会员人数→ n. 会员；成员 17. facial adj. 面部的；脸部的→ n. 脸；面部 v. 面对；面向 18. shapeless adj. 无形状的；不成形的→ n. 形状；体形 v. 塑造→ vt. 重塑；改造 19. breathing n. 呼吸→ v. 呼吸→ n. 呼吸；气息→ adj. 喘不过气的；屏息的 20. throaty adj. 喉音的；声音低沉沙哑的→ n. 咽喉；喉咙 三、必备词块 1. 帮助某人站起身来 2. 面朝上（朝下） 3. 迟起；睡过头；睡懒觉 4. 健康状况不好 5. (使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来 6. 保持呼吸 7. 仰躺着 8. 去掉枕头 9. 发出奇怪的声音 10. 下压；按下 11. 一秒钟两次 12. 在某人的帮助下 13. 确保 14. 事实上；实际上 15. 看到某人正在做某事 16. 袖手旁观；做好准备；继续支持 四、核心词汇 1. drown vi.& vt.(使)淹死；溺死；浸泡；淹没 原文：Two children drowned after falling into the river. 两个孩子掉进河里淹死了。 词形变化：drowning adj.快要淹死的；溺水的 n.溺水 drowned adj.淹死的；溺亡的 常见搭配：drown oneself 投水自尽 be drowned at sea 葬身海中 be drowned in 被盖住；被淹没在；沉溺于 drown ... in ... 使……淹没在……；把……浸透 drown oneself in 沉溺于；埋头做 拓展：A drowning man will clutch at a straw. 人在绝境中会抓住任何一线希望；病急乱投医。 look like a drowned rat 全身湿透，像落汤鸡。 drown one’s sorrows 借酒浇愁。 例句：Those who learn to swim through failure will never drown in the deep waters of doubt. 学会在失败中游泳的人，永远不会溺死在怀疑的深水之中。 【即学即练】 1. According to the report, the animals were (drown) when floodwater filled the locked enclosure. 2. Do not drown fresh vegetables sauce, because their natural flavor deserves attention. 3. Regular swimming lessons can reduce the risk of (drown) among young children. 4. After walking home through the storm, he looked like a (drown) rat. 5. 当生存变得没有把握时，绝境中的人会抓住任何一线希望。 6. 我们淹没在海量数据中，却缺少善用这些数据的智慧。 2. panic vi.& vt.(使)惊慌　n.惊恐；恐慌 原文：When listening to instructions in English, you should listen carefully and don't panic. 在听英语指令时，你应该仔细听，不要惊慌。 词形变化：panicky adj.惊慌的；恐慌的 常见搭配：vi.& vt.(使)惊慌 panic over/about/at ... 因……而恐慌 panic sb into doing sth 使某人惊慌地做某事 n.惊恐；恐慌 get into a panic 使陷入惊慌状态 in panic 惊慌失措地 a wave/surge of panic 一阵恐慌 注意：panic的过去式、过去分词都是panicked；现在分词是panicking。 例句：Panic narrows the mind, but one deliberate breath can reopen the door to wise action. 恐慌会缩窄思维，但一次有意识的呼吸能重新开启理性行动之门。 【即学即练】 1. When the fire alarm sounded, several guests (panic) and rushed toward the nearest exit. 2. The investors panicked the sudden rumor before checking whether it was actually true. 3. False reports panicked residents leaving their homes before officials issued any warning. 4. Many shoppers were panicked into (buy) supplies they did not genuinely need. 5. He called his sister panic after losing his passport abroad. 6. His (panic) reaction made a minor delay seem like a serious emergency. 3. interrupt vi.& vt.打断；打扰　vt.使暂停；使中断 原文：Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table. 北京高中生陈伟在吃晚餐，这时另一桌突然传来客人的尖叫声，打断了他的进餐。 词形变化：interruption n.打断；中断；阻断 interrupted adj.被打断的；不连贯的 常见搭配：a brief/temporary interruption 短暂的中断 constant/frequent interruptions 持续不断的干扰 a rude interruption 无礼的插话 without interruption 连续地；不断地 interrupt somebody with something 用某事打断某人 be interrupted by something 被某事打断 例句：Life will interrupt our plans, but wisdom begins when we learn to continue with purpose. 生活会打乱我们的计划，但当我们学会坚定前行时，智慧便由此开始。 【即学即练】 1. The students repeatedly interrupted the professor questions about the difficult experiment. 2. The outdoor ceremony was briefly (interrupt) by heavy rain and powerful winds. 3. She studied for three hours without (interrupt) and finally understood the difficult theory. 4. 在人们表达重要观点时打断他们是不礼貌的。 5. 街上的噪声在夜间多次打断了她的睡眠。 4. desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的 原文：He was now holding his throat with his face turning red, while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back. 只见他按着喉咙，满脸通红，而他的几个朋友正拼命拍打他的背部。 词形变化：desperation n.绝望；拼命；孤注一掷 desperately adv.绝望地；拼命地；极其 常见搭配：be desperate for sth 极想(得到)某物 be desperate to do sth 极想做某事 be desperate for sb to do sth 急切希望某人做某事 in desperate need of sth 急需某物 a desperate attempt to do sth 为做某事而进行的拼死尝试 a desperate bid to do sth 为做某事而作出的孤注一掷的努力 in desperation 在绝望中；无计可施之下 out of desperation 出于绝望；因走投无路 例句：Desperate moments reveal character, but hope grows when courage chooses patience over reckless action and fear. 绝望的时刻能够显露品格，但当勇气选择耐心而非鲁莽与恐惧时，希望便会生长。 【即学即练】 1. The rescue team searched (desperate) through the night for survivors trapped beneath the collapsed building. 2. desperation, she sold her jewelry to pay for her son’s urgent medical treatment. 3. He accepted the risky loan out of (desperate), not because he trusted the lender. 4. Thousands of displaced families are desperate clean water, safe shelter, and basic medicine. 5. She was desperate (prove) that one failure could not define her entire future. 6. The abandoned school is desperate need of repairs before students can return safely. 7. He made a desperate bid (save) the agreement before both sides abandoned further negotiations. 5. grab vt.抓住；攫取　n.抓取；抢夺 原文：Grabbing your fist with your other hand tightly, push up and into his stomach in one motion. 另一只手紧紧握住你的拳头，快速用力向上往里挤压。 常见搭配：grab at/for ... 抓(住)；夺(得) grab ... from ... 从……抓住…… grab sb by the arm/collar/shoulders 抓住某人的手臂、衣领或肩膀 grab hold of sb/sth 一把抓住某人或某物 grab the opportunity to do sth 抓住机会做某事 grab one’s attention 吸引某人的注意 make a grab for/at sb/sth 突然伸手抓某人或某物 注意：grab的过去式、过去分词都是grabbed；现在分词是grabbing。 例句：Those who grab every opportunity may gain the world, yet lose the patience required to understand it. 那些抓住每个机会的人或许能赢得世界，却可能失去理解世界所需的耐心。 【即学即练】 1. A mugger (grab) her handbag as she was walking across the crowded park. 2. The firefighter grabbed the child the arm and pulled him away from danger. 3. He grabbed the branch, but his fingers closed on empty air. 4. She grabbed the opportunity (study) abroad and broaden her understanding of different cultures. 5. The thief made a grab the necklace, but the guard intervened immediately. 6. 我在等待晚点的早班列车时迅速喝了一杯咖啡。 6. face up/down面朝上(朝下) 原文：Instead, lay the child face down on your lap with the head lower than the rest of his body, and then give firm slaps to his upper back until he can breathe again. 相反，应将孩子脸朝下放在大腿上，使其头部低于身体其他部位，然后用力拍打其上背部，直至他恢复呼吸。 常见搭配：in (the) face of 面对…… face to face 面对面 be faced with 面对…… face up to sth 正视、勇敢面对某种困难或事实 例句：A card face down hides its value, just as fear conceals opportunities until courage turns it face up. 一张牌正面朝下时隐藏着价值，正如恐惧掩盖机会，直到勇气将它翻开。 【即学即练】 1. She lay face beneath the stars, quietly reconsidering every decision she had made. 2. He finally faced up the fact that talent alone could not guarantee success. 3. 老师先把照片正面朝下放好，然后让学生选择一张。 4. 筋疲力尽的跑步者冲过终点后，面朝下躺在草地上。 5. 我们必须先正视现实，才能作出有意义且持久的改变。 7. out of shape健康状况不好；变形 原文：Nancy Jones felt that she was getting out of shape and decided that she needed to get some exercise. 南希·琼斯感到自己身体状况不好，决定进行身体锻炼。 常见搭配：in good shape/in shape　情况良好；身体健康 in bad/poor shape 情况不好；身体不健康 in the shape of sth 以……的形式；呈……的形状 stretch sth out of shape 把某物拉得变形 stay/keep in shape 保持良好体形或体能 get into shape 改善体能；恢复状态 take shape 逐渐成形；逐渐清晰 shape sth into sth 把某物塑造成…… shape up 改善行为或表现；发展成某种局面 例句：Being out of shape reminds us that neglected habits quietly become limits we must later overcome. 体能下降提醒我们：被忽视的习惯会悄悄变成日后必须克服的限制。 【即学即练】 1. After months of inactivity, Daniel was so of shape that climbing two flights exhausted him. 2. Regular walking helped him get back shape without following an extreme fitness plan. 3. The manager warned that the entire department must shape before the next review. 4. 我的体能差到连一小段上坡路都让我气喘吁吁。 5. 当工作取代睡眠、运动和规律饮食时，人们的体能往往会逐渐下降。 五、经典句式 1. have sth done 原文：Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table. 北京高中生陈伟在吃晚餐，这时另一桌突然传来客人的尖叫声，打断了他的进餐。 分析：have sth done是英语中的“have + 宾语 + 过去分词”结构，属于使役结构的一种。其核心含义是：主语使、让、安排或委托他人对宾语实施某个动作，因此真正执行动作的人通常不是主语，句子重点落在“某事被完成”这一结果上，而不是执行者是谁；其中，宾语与过去分词之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，过去分词说明宾语所承受的动作。该结构还可表示主语经历或遭遇某事，尤其常见于意外、损失或不利事件，此时并不含“主动安排”的意思，而是强调某事发生在主语的人或物上。结构中的时态、语气、否定和疑问变化都由have承担，过去分词本身不随主语变化。需要注意的是，它不同于have done sth：前者是“使某事被做”或“遭遇某事”，后者则是现在完成时结构，表示主语已经亲自完成某事。 拓展：动词have的其他常见结构： have sb do sth 让某人做某事 have sb/sth doing sth 让某人/某物一直做某事 have sth to do 有某事要做 例句：He hoped to find a good way to have his written English improved in a short period. 他希望找到一种短时间内提高英语写作水平的好方法。 【即学即练】 1. I will have my computer (repair) before the new term begins. 2. The loud music next door had the baby (cry) for nearly an hour. 3. She had her wallet (steal) while she was shopping in the crowded market. 4. With so much work (finish), she decided not to attend the party. 5. 母亲让小男孩一直站在她身边，以免他走失。 6. 老板不允许员工在工作时间使用手机。 2. so ... that ...引导结果状语从句 原文：It is so easy, in fact, that almost anyone can learn how. 事实上，它非常容易操作，几乎任何人都能学会。 分析：so…that…是英语中表示“程度—结果”关系的典型结构，用来说明主句中的性质、状态或动作达到某种程度，从而引出相应结果。其核心形式是so＋形容词/副词＋that从句；当中心词是名词时，通常不用 so直接修饰名词，而应根据名词的性质改用such…that…，但在many、much、few、little等数量限定词修饰名词时，仍使用so＋数量词＋名词＋that从句。其中so是程度副词，强化形容词、副词或数量概念，that是从属连词，只负责引导结果状语从句，在从句中不充当主语、宾语等成分。该结构强调结果是由前面的程度自然导致的，语义重点通常落在结果上；从句时态应根据实际时间关系确定，并不受固定搭配限制。正式书面语中，为突出程度，还可将so＋形容词/副词 置于句首，此时主句通常采用部分倒装。需要注意，连续使用的so that还可以表示目的，意为“以便”，而so…that…中间通常插入形容词、副词或数量结构，表示“如此……以至于……”，二者在意义和句法功能上应加以区分。 例句： 【即学即练】 1. The lecture was so inspiring many students stayed behind to talk with the professor. 2. There was much noise outside that I could not concentrate on my work. 3. They are responsible volunteers that everyone in the community respects them. 4. It was a meaningful experience that I would never forget it. 5. 这个问题如此复杂，以至于我们无法立即作出决定。 6. 留给我们的时间如此少，以至于我们必须立刻采取行动。 一、词汇易混辨析 1. sprain/ strain sprain指关节周围的韧带（ligament）因突然扭转、摔倒或关节活动过度而被拉伸甚至撕裂，中文通常译为“扭伤”。常见搭配有sprain an ankle/wrist/knee。韧带的作用是连接骨与骨、稳定关节。 strain指肌肉（muscle）或肌腱（tendon）因过度拉伸、突然用力、错误发力或反复使用而受伤，中文通常译为“拉伤”。常见搭配有strain a muscle/one’s back/one’s neck。肌腱负责连接肌肉与骨骼。 核心区别： sprain→ligament（韧带）→通常发生在关节附近 strain→muscle/tendon（肌肉或肌腱）→通常由过度拉伸或用力造成 注意：判断使用哪个词时，关键不是只看受伤的身体部位，而是看受伤的组织。例如，脚踝附近的韧带受伤是ankle sprain；脚踝附近的肌肉或肌腱受伤则可能是ankle strain。 易错点：把所有“扭伤、拉伤”都统一说成sprain，或者把韧带受伤误说成strain。 ✅ The doctor confirmed that she had sprained a ligament in her right ankle. ❌ The doctor confirmed that she had strained a ligament in her right ankle. 错误理由：ligament是“韧带”，韧带被拉伸或撕裂应使用sprain；strain通常描述肌肉或肌腱受伤。因此应说sprained a ligament，不能说strained a ligament。 ✅ He strained his lower-back muscles while lifting a heavy suitcase without bending his knees. ❌ He sprained his lower-back muscles while lifting a heavy suitcase without bending his knees. 错误理由：句中的受伤组织是lower-back muscles（下背部肌肉），肌肉因用力不当而受伤应使用strain。Sprain主要用于关节周围的韧带，不能直接描述肌肉拉伤。 2. scream/ shout/ yell scream强调因恐惧、疼痛、兴奋或愤怒而发出的尖锐、高音的叫声，中文常译为“尖叫、惊叫”。它既可以表示喊出具体的话，也可以只是无意义的尖叫声，带有较强的情绪性，甚至可能是不由自主的反应。常见搭配有 scream in/with pain、scream for help、scream at somebody。 shout强调使用很大的音量说话或喊话，通常目的是让远处的人听见，或者压过周围的噪声。它是三个词中含义最宽泛、相对最中性的词，不一定表示愤怒。例如，在操场上传达指令、隔着马路叫人，都可以使用 shout。 yell意思接近shout，但通常显得更加用力、激动或失去耐心，常用于愤怒、兴奋、恐惧或疼痛等场景。它经常表示冲着某人吼叫，常见结构是yell at somebody、yell something at somebody、yell out。 核心区别： scream：声音尖锐，强调恐惧、疼痛等强烈情绪。——“尖叫”。 shout：声音很大，强调让别人听见或传递信息。——“大声喊”。 yell：声音很大且情绪强烈，常表示愤怒或激动。——“吼叫”。 注意：这三个词的含义有一定重叠，并非所有场景都只有一个词绝对正确；选择不同的词，往往会改变句子的情绪色彩。 易错点1：表示因为害怕或疼痛而发出尖锐叫声时，误用较中性的shout。 ✅ The frightened passenger screamed when smoke suddenly poured from the engine during takeoff. ⚠ The frightened passenger shouted when smoke suddenly poured from the engine during takeoff. 错误理由：这个句子想表达乘客因突然受到惊吓而发出本能、尖锐的叫声，因此用screamed更准确。Shouted在语法上并非完全不可能，但通常使人理解为乘客有意识地大声喊出了某些话，不能准确突出“吓得尖叫”的感觉。 易错点2：为了让别人听见，应使用shout。 ✅ The guide shouted directions so everyone could hear him above the rushing waterfall. ⚠ The guide screamed directions so everyone could hear him above the rushing waterfall. 错误理由：导游提高音量是为了让大家听清指令，因此应使用shouted。Screamed会让人觉得他因恐惧、疼痛或极度激动而尖叫。 3. choke/ suffocate choke强调喉咙或气道被食物、异物等具体东西堵住，导致无法正常呼吸。表示“被某物噎住”时，最常用的结构是choke on + 食物/异物，如choke on a bone。此外，choke somebody也可以表示掐住或压迫某人的喉咙，使其无法呼吸。 suffocate强调因为缺少氧气或空气而无法呼吸，甚至窒息死亡。原因可以是密闭空间、烟雾、塑料袋、枕头遮住口鼻等，不一定有东西直接卡在喉咙里。它既可以表示“因缺氧死亡”，也可以表示“因空气不足而感到喘不过气”。 核心区别： choke = 气道被堵住，重点是堵塞的原因或动作。 suffocate = 得不到足够氧气，重点是缺氧的状态或结果。 易错点1：表示“被食物或异物噎住”时误用suffocate ✅ The child began to choke on a grape during lunch, so his father acted quickly. ❌ The child began to suffocate on a grape during lunch, so his father acted quickly. 错误理由：葡萄直接卡住了孩子的喉咙或气道，应使用choke on a grape。英语中通常不使用suffocate on + 食物表示“被食物噎住”；suffocate强调的是缺氧，而不是某个异物堵住气道。 易错点2：表示“密闭空间中缺氧”时误用choke ✅ Several passengers could suffocate inside the sealed compartment if rescuers arrived too late. ❌ Several passengers could choke inside the sealed compartment if rescuers arrived too late. 错误理由：句中没有食物或异物堵住乘客的喉咙，而是密闭空间可能导致氧气不足，因此应该使用suffocate。使用choke容易让人误以为他们被某种东西卡住了气道。 4. clap/ slap clap强调把双手合在一起拍击，通常会连续拍多次，用来表示赞赏、配合节奏或吸引注意。常见结构有clap、clap one’s hands、clap for somebody。 slap强调用张开的手掌快速、用力地击打某人或某物，通常是一次明显的拍打，常带有生气、惩罚或突然用力的意味。常见结构有slap somebody/something、slap somebody across/on the face。 简单区别： clap = 双手互拍：鼓掌、打节拍 slap = 手掌拍人或物：掌掴、用力拍打 clap 往往是重复动作；slap 往往是快速而有力的一下 易错点：看到中文里的“拍”就混用两个词。表示“鼓掌”时不能用slap；表示“扇某人一巴掌”时，现代日常英语通常用slap，不能用clap。 ✅ The audience clapped enthusiastically after the young pianist finished her difficult final piece. ❌ The audience slapped enthusiastically after the young pianist finished her difficult final piece. 错误理由：这里表示观众“鼓掌”，需要双手反复拍击，所以应使用clapped。Slap表示用手掌击打某人或某物，通常需要说明拍打的对象，不能用来表示观众鼓掌。 ✅ She slapped the rude man across the face after he insulted her younger sister. ❌ She clapped the rude man across the face after he insulted her younger sister. 错误理由：Slap somebody across the face 是“扇某人耳光”的标准搭配，强调手掌快速击打脸部。Clap的核心意思是拍手；虽然有clap somebody on the back/shoulder这种表示友好拍背或拍肩的特殊搭配，但一般不说clap somebody across the face。 5. practical/ practicable justify强调“说明某事合理、正当或可以接受”，通常需要提供理由、依据或解释，回答的是：“为什么这样做是合理的？”常见结构：justify + 名词 / justify doing something / justify oneself。 prove强调“用事实、证据或逻辑证明某事是真的”，回答的是：“这件事究竟是不是真的？”常见结构：prove + 名词 / prove that… / prove somebody or something + 形容词 / prove to be…。 简单记忆： justify = 证明“合理” prove = 证明“真实” 易错点：不能因为中文里两个词都可以翻译成“证明”，就随意互换。为决定、行为、费用或观点提供合理理由，一般用justify。用实验、数据、事实或逻辑确认真假，一般用prove。 ✅ The manager justified delaying the launch by explaining the serious safety risks involved. ❌ The manager proved delaying the launch by explaining the serious safety risks involved. 错误理由：这里要说明的是“推迟发布这一决定为什么合理”，而不是证明“推迟发布”是一个真实事实，因此应使用justify。另外，prove doing something不是这种含义下的正常结构；而justify delaying符合justify + 动名词的用法。 ✅ The laboratory results proved that the new treatment significantly reduced infection rates in patients. ❌ The laboratory results justified that the new treatment significantly reduced infection rates in patients. 错误理由：这里的实验结果用于确认一个结论是否真实，因此应该使用prove that…。Justify主要表示说明某个决定、行为或观点合理，通常不直接接这种表示客观事实的that从句。若一定使用justify，可以改成：The laboratory results justified the conclusion that the new treatment reduced infection rates. 此时意思是“实验结果为这一结论提供了充分依据”，语气通常没有proved那么绝对。 6. obstruction/ obstacle obstruction强调“堵塞、阻挡”本身，既可以指造成堵塞的具体物体，也可以指阻挡这一行为或状态。常用于道路、通道、视线、呼吸道等被堵住的情况，也常见于法律表达，如obstruction of justice（妨碍司法）。它既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。常见搭配有an obstruction in/on...、remove/clear an obstruction、obstruction of...。 obstacle强调妨碍人们前进、行动或实现目标的“障碍、困难”。它既可以是挡路的具体物体，也可以是资金不足、缺乏经验、恐惧等抽象困难。通常是可数名词。常见搭配有an obstacle to...、overcome an obstacle、face obstacles、an obstacle in somebody’s path。 核心区别： obstruction＝某处被“堵住、挡住”，重点是阻塞状态或阻挡行为。 obstacle＝前进或成功道路上的“障碍”，重点是造成困难、阻碍目标实现。 易错点：表示“成功、发展、完成任务所面临的困难”时，容易误用obstruction；表示“呼吸道、管道、道路或视线中的堵塞物”时，容易误用obstacle。 ✅ The doctors discovered an obstruction in the patient’s airway during the emergency examination. ⚠ The doctors discovered an obstacle in the patient’s airway during the emergency examination. 错误理由：这里指呼吸道内部发生的“堵塞”，医学和日常英语通常使用airway obstruction。Obstacle更像需要绕过或克服的外部障碍，不能准确表达身体通道被堵住的状态。韦氏词典也以airway obstruction和intestinal obstruction说明这种用法。 ✅ Limited funding remains the biggest obstacle to completing the community project before winter. ❌ Limited funding remains the biggest obstruction to completing the community project before winter. 错误理由：这里的资金不足不是堵住道路、管道或入口的实体，也不是某人主动进行的阻挠行为，而是影响项目完成的抽象困难，因此应使用obstacle。固定结构是：an obstacle to + 名词／动名词 7. justify/ prove practical强调“实际的、实用的、切合现实的”，关注某人或某物在现实生活中是否有用、合理、适合实际需要，常与只重理论的theoretical相对。 practicable强调“可以实行的、能够完成的、行得通的”，关注一项计划、方法或行动在现有时间、资金、人员和条件下能不能真正实施，近义词是feasible和workable。 核心区别： practical：这样做有用、合理吗？ practicable：这样做在现实条件下做得到吗？ 易错点1：表示一个人“务实、能解决实际问题”时，误用practicable。Practicable通常不用于形容人的性格或处事方式。 ✅ Maria is practical and always finds simple solutions to everyday problems at work. ❌ Maria is practicable and always finds simple solutions to everyday problems at work. 错误理由：这里描述的是Maria的性格和解决实际问题的能力，应使用practical，表示“务实的、讲求实际的”。Practicable通常修饰计划、办法、措施或行动，表示它们“能够实施”，不能自然地表示一个人“很务实”。 易错点2：表示某项措施在现有条件下“可以实施”时，只使用practical。Practical更强调是否实用、合理；practicable才明确强调是否能够完成或实行。 ✅ The company must reduce workplace risks as far as reasonably practicable under current conditions. ❌ The company must reduce workplace risks as far as reasonably practical under current conditions. 错误理由：这里强调的是公司在资金、时间和现实条件允许的范围内，能够采取多少风险控制措施，因此应使用practicable。As far as reasonably practicable是正式安全及法律语境中的常见表达，意思是综合考虑风险、时间、成本和执行难度后，采取合理可实施的措施。英国健康与安全执行局也使用并解释这一表达。使用practical会把重点变成“这些措施是否实用或合理”，不能准确表达“在现有条件下能够实施到什么程度”。 二、短语搭配易错 1. help sb to one’s feet 帮助某人站起身来 help sb to one’s feet表示“帮助某人站起身来”。其中to one’s feet是固定搭配，one’s要根据前面的对象变成his、her、their等。 易错点：把固定搭配中的介词to误写成on。 例子：✅ The kind stranger helped the injured cyclist to his feet after the accident. ❌ The kind stranger helped the injured cyclist on his feet after the accident. 2. be on one’s back 仰躺着 （on 易错） be on one’s back 表示“仰躺着”，强调背部朝下、脸朝上的状态。be动词要根据主语和时态变化，one’s要换成相应的形容词性物主代词，如my、his、her、our或their。 易错点：把介词on误用成in。 例子：✅ She was on her back on the grass, watching the stars. ❌ She was in her back on the grass, watching the stars. 三、句型易错点 1. suggest that＋主语＋（should）do 课文：They suggested he eat more slowly and take smaller bites before they left. 易错点：suggest表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句通常使用虚拟语气，即“主语＋should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。 例子：✅ The coach suggested that Emma practise daily and rest properly before she entered the regional competition. ❌ The coach suggested that Emma practised daily and rested properly before she entered the regional competition. 2. Doing sth，祈使句＋until从句 课文：Grabbing your fist with your other hand tightly, push up and into his stomach in one motion. 易错点：现在分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语是祈使句中省略的you。因此，分词动作和主句动作必须由同一个人完成，不能出现悬垂分词。 例子：✅ Holding the ladder firmly with both hands, climb slowly until you reach the first platform. ❌ Holding the ladder firmly with both hands, the first platform should be reached slowly by you. 一、急救主题基础表达 first aid 急救 basic first-aid skills 基本急救技能 emergency treatment 紧急处理 a medical emergency 医疗紧急情况 an emergency situation 紧急情况 a first-aid kit 急救箱 a trained first aider 受过训练的急救人员 emergency services 紧急救援部门 professional medical help 专业医疗救助 an injured person 受伤者 a casualty 伤者；伤员 a life-threatening condition 危及生命的状况 a minor injury 轻伤 a serious injury 重伤 an accident scene 事故现场 immediate action 立即采取的行动 medical attention 医疗救治 first-aid training 急救培训 二、判断现场情况 remain calm 保持冷静 assess the situation 评估情况 check the surroundings 检查周围环境 make sure the scene is safe 确保现场安全 protect yourself from danger 保护自己免受危险 check for a response 检查伤者是否有反应 check the person’s breathing 检查伤者的呼吸 look for signs of injury 查看受伤迹象 identify the most serious problem 判断最严重的问题 act quickly but calmly 迅速而冷静地行动 avoid putting yourself at risk 避免让自己陷入危险 keep the injured person still 让伤者保持不动 reassure the injured person 安慰伤者 stay with the person 陪在伤者身边 三、呼叫急救与寻求帮助 call the emergency services 呼叫紧急救援 call an ambulance 呼叫救护车 ask someone to get help 请别人寻求帮助 seek medical assistance 寻求医疗援助 contact a medical professional 联系医疗专业人员 give the exact location 提供准确位置 describe what has happened 描述发生了什么 explain the person’s condition 说明伤者的情况 follow the operator’s instructions 按照接线员的指示行动 wait for professional help to arrive 等待专业救援到达 provide clear and accurate information 提供清晰准确的信息 stay on the phone 保持通话 send someone to meet the ambulance 派人去接应救护车 四、常见急救动作表达 呼吸与心肺复苏 open the airway 打开气道 check for normal breathing 检查是否正常呼吸 perform CPR 实施心肺复苏 give chest compressions 进行胸外按压 use an AED 使用自动体外除颤器 follow the AED’s instructions 按照除颤器的指示操作 place someone in the recovery position 将某人置于恢复体位 keep the airway open 保持气道畅通 monitor the person’s breathing 持续观察伤者的呼吸 出血与伤口 stop/control the bleeding 止血 apply pressure to the wound 按压伤口 apply firm, direct pressure 持续直接用力按压 cover the wound with a clean cloth 用干净的布盖住伤口 use a sterile dressing 使用无菌敷料 bandage the wound 包扎伤口 protect the wound from infection 防止伤口感染 wear protective gloves 戴防护手套 avoid touching the wound directly 避免直接接触伤口 keep pressure on the wound 持续按压伤口 烧伤与烫伤 suffer a burn 被烧伤 cool the burn 冷却烧伤部位 place the burn under cool running water 将烧伤处置于流动凉水下 remove clothing near the burn 移除烧伤处附近的衣物 cover the burn loosely 松松地覆盖烧伤处 avoid breaking any blisters 避免弄破水疱 seek medical attention 寻求医疗救治 prevent further damage 防止进一步损伤 骨折与跌倒 suffer a broken bone 骨折 suspect a fracture 怀疑发生骨折 support the injured area 支撑受伤部位 keep the injured part still 让受伤部位保持不动 avoid unnecessary movement 避免不必要的移动 move the person only if necessary 仅在必要时移动伤者 prevent further injury 防止伤势进一步加重 support the head and neck 支撑头部和颈部 窒息 choke on food 被食物噎住 have difficulty breathing 呼吸困难 be unable to speak or cough 无法说话或咳嗽 encourage the person to cough 鼓励伤者咳嗽 give back blows 进行背部拍击 clear the airway 清除气道阻塞 remove the blockage 清除堵塞物 lose consciousness 失去意识 五、描述伤者症状 be conscious/unconscious 有意识／无意识 be responsive/unresponsive 有反应／无反应 breathe normally 正常呼吸 have trouble breathing 呼吸困难 bleed heavily 大量出血 suffer severe pain 感到剧烈疼痛 feel dizzy 感到头晕 feel weak 感到虚弱 look pale 面色苍白 break out in a cold sweat 冒冷汗 have a rapid pulse 脉搏加快 suffer from shock 出现休克 have a swollen ankle 脚踝肿胀 have a deep cut 有一道较深的伤口 have a nosebleed 流鼻血 have an allergic reaction 出现过敏反应 complain of chest pain 表示胸痛 show signs of recovery 出现恢复迹象 regain consciousness 恢复意识 become seriously injured 受重伤 六、描述急救的重要性 save precious time 节省宝贵时间 prevent the condition from becoming worse 防止情况恶化 reduce further injury 减少进一步伤害 increase the chance of survival 提高生存机会 provide immediate care 提供及时救助 protect people in emergencies 在紧急情况下保护人们 make a life-saving difference 发挥挽救生命的作用 prepare people for unexpected accidents 让人们为突发事故做好准备 raise public safety awareness 提高公众安全意识 create a safer community 建设更安全的社区 bridge the gap before professional help arrives 在专业救援到达前提供过渡性帮助 equip people with practical skills 让人们掌握实用技能 七、叙事类写作常用表达 1. 事故发生 An accident suddenly occurred. 一场事故突然发生了。 While I was walking home, I saw a cyclist fall off his bike. 当我步行回家时，我看到一名骑车人从自行车上摔了下来。 To my surprise, a student suddenly collapsed on the playground. 令我吃惊的是，一名学生突然倒在操场上。 A crowd quickly gathered around the injured person. 人群很快聚集在伤者周围。 2. 采取行动 Without hesitation, I went over to help. 我毫不犹豫地走过去帮忙。 I asked someone nearby to call an ambulance. 我请附近的人呼叫救护车。 Having made sure the area was safe, I checked whether he was responsive. 在确保现场安全后，我检查了他是否有反应。 I tried my best to keep her calm and comfortable. 我尽力让她保持镇定和舒适。 Following the operator’s instructions, we continued to care for him. 按照接线员的指示，我们继续照顾他。 3. 救援到达 A few minutes later, the ambulance arrived. 几分钟后，救护车到达了。 The medical workers immediately took over. 医护人员立即接手了救治工作。 The injured person was taken to hospital for further treatment. 伤者被送往医院接受进一步治疗。 Fortunately, the person was no longer in immediate danger. 幸运的是，伤者已脱离眼前的危险。 4. 表达感悟 The experience made me realize the importance of learning first aid. 这次经历让我意识到了学习急救的重要性。 Had I not learned basic first aid, I might not have known what to do. 如果我没有学过基本急救，我可能不知道该怎么办。 From that day on, I became more aware of the need to be prepared for emergencies. 从那天起，我更加意识到为突发事件做好准备的必要性。 $