Unit 5 Section B 1a-1f （课时分层练）英语新教材人教版九年级上册

**基本信息** 分层清晰，从词汇句型到语篇应用层层递进，融合文化意识与思维训练，适配新授课巩固与中考衔接。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A组|基础词汇与核心句型|单词拼写含学科融合（如“液体”），完成句子聚焦基础表达| |B组|语法应用与语篇理解|选词填空强化短语运用，完形填空（机器人发明）培养语篇逻辑| |C组|综合阅读与思维训练|阅读还原（中国姓氏文化）、问答（春节习俗）提升信息整合与文化理解| |拓展|中考真题衔接|选用中考阅读题，强化考点迁移与应试能力|

Unit 5 Power of Ideas Section B 1a-1f A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 一、单词拼写 1. Stones have different 　　　　　　　　 (形状). 【答案】shapes 【解析】句意：石头有不同的形状。shape“形状”，可数名词，前面有different修饰，此处应使用名词的复数形式shapes。 2. This pen is too 　　　　　　　　 (昂贵的). I don’t have enough money to buy it. 【答案】expensive 【解析】句意：这支钢笔太昂贵了。我没有足够的钱买它。根据汉语提示可知，expensive“昂贵的”，形容词作表语。故填expensive。 3. Your teacher will call you at a 　　　　　　　　 (某个) time tomorrow afternoon. 【答案】certain 【解析】句意：你的老师会在明天下午某个时间给你打电话。根据中文提示可知，“某个”对应的英文是certain，是形容词，此处作定语修饰time，故填certain。 4. With the 　　　　　　　　 (快速的) development of AI technology, our lives are changing fast. 【答案】rapid 【解析】句意：随着人工智能技术的快速发展，我们的生活正在飞速变化。rapid意为“快速的”，作定语修饰名词development，固定搭配the rapid development of...意为“……的快速发展”。故填rapid。 5. He offered several plans, but 　　　　　　　　 (没有一个) of them was practical. 【答案】none 【解析】句意：他提供了几个方案，但是没有一个可行。“several plans”说明有好几个方案，数量大于二，表示三者或三者以上当中的没有一个，要用none。 6. The 　　　　　　　　 (皇帝) wore beautiful new clothes. 【答案】emperor 【解析】句意：那个皇帝穿着漂亮的新衣服。皇帝“emperor”，根据语境可知，此处表示特指“那个皇帝”，用单数形式。故填emperor。 7. The main 　　　　　　　　 (原料) of this cake is chocolate. 【答案】ingredient 【解析】句意：这个蛋糕的主要原料是巧克力。根据“The main”及“of this cake is”提示，需填可数名词单数形式作主语，“原料”为可数名词ingredient。 8. Chinese 　　　　　　　　 (文明) has a long history of thousands of years. 【答案】civilization##civilisation 【解析】句意：中华文明拥有数千年的悠久历史。汉语提示的“文明”有civilisation(英式)和civilization(美式)两种拼写,此处二选一即可。 9. I forgot his name at first, but I remembered it 　　　　　　　　　　　. (后来) 【答案】later on 【解析】句意：起初我忘记了他的名字，但是后来我想起来了。“后来”对应的短语是later on，在句中作时间状语，因此应填later on。 10. 　　　　　　　　 (将……倒入) the milk into the bowl. 【答案】Pour 【解析】句意：将牛奶倒入碗里。这是一个祈使句，表示命令、要求，应以动词原形开头，结合汉语提示可知，动词Pour表示“将……倒入”，符合语境，位于句首，首字母大写。 11. The buildings in the Palace Museum are all 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 (由……制成) wood. 【答案】① made    ② of 【解析】句意：故宫里的建筑全部由木材制成。固定短语be made of意为“由……制成 (成品能看出原材料)”；本句主语the buildings和make是被动关系，使用被动语态“be + 过去分词”形式，make的过去分词为made；wood是原材料，建筑上可以看出木料，选用介词of。 12. Many 　　　　　　　　 (阿拉伯的) traders come here. 【答案】Arab 【解析】句意：许多阿拉伯商人来到这里。中文提示“阿拉伯的”对应英文形容词Arab，用于修饰后面的名词“traders”。因为它属于专有形容词，首字母需大写。故填Arab。 13. Happiness doesn’t 　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 (取决于) who you are or what you have, but how you think. 【答案】① depend    ② on 【解析】句意：幸福不取决于你是谁，你有什么，而是你怎么想。depend on“依靠，依赖”，助动词doesn’t后跟动词原形，结合句意可知，答案为(1). depend   (2). on。 14. The old house is built of s　　　　　　　　 (石头) and wood. 【答案】stone##tone 【解析】 句意：这座老房子是用石头和木头建造的。根据所给单词的首字母，结合汉语意思，可知“石头”英文为stone，作为建筑材料，其为不可数名词。 15. We found a c　　　　　　　　 (便宜的) hotel near the train station for our trip. 【答案】cheap##heap 【解析】 句意：我们在火车站附近为这次旅行找到了一家‌便宜的‌旅馆。根据所给单词的首字母，结合汉语意思可知，“便宜的”英文为cheap。 16. 传统文化 中国结 The b　　　　　　　　 (诞生) of Chinese knotting shows the wisdom of ancient people. 【答案】birth##irth 【解析】句意：中国结的诞生展现了古人的智慧。根据首字母和汉语提示可知，“诞生，出生”是birth，名词，在句中作主语，The birth of固定搭配“……的诞生”。 17. 学科融合 水 Water is a common l　　　　　　　　 (液体) that we need every day. 【答案】liquid##iquid 【解析】 句意：水是一种我们每天都需要的常见‌液体‌。根据所给单词的首字母，结合汉语意思可知，“液体”英文为liquid。 18. The art teacher held a w　　　　　　　　 (讲习班) where kids could make their own clay toys. 【答案】workshop##orkshop 【解析】句意：美术老师举办了一个讲习班，孩子们可以在那里制作自己的黏土玩具。根据所给单词的首字母，结合汉语意思可知，“讲习班”英文为workshop，空处前有a，此处用其单数形式workshop。 19. This plant’s f　　　　　　　　 can be used to make paper. (纤维) 【答案】fibre##ibre 【解析】句意：这种植物的纤维可以用来造纸。根据汉语及首字母提示可知，“纤维”用名词fibre，表示纤维这种材质时fibre不可数，故填单数形式。 20. The quiet house by the lake is the i　　　　　　　　 (理想的) place for a relaxing holiday. 【答案】ideal##deal 【解析】 句意：湖边那座安静的房子是享受轻松假期的理想之地。根据所给单词的首字母，结合汉语意思，可知“理想的”应为ideal。 21. Coins were made of b　　　　　　　　, iron, gold or silver in ancient times. 【答案】bronze##ronze 【解析】句意：在古代，硬币由青铜、铁、黄金或白银制成。根据首字母提示和句中“iron, gold or silver”可知，此处罗列古代制作钱币的金属材料，名词bronze“青铜”符合语境。故填bronze。 22. This cloth is made of j　　　　　　　　 and plant f　　　　　　　　. 【答案】① jute##ute    ② fibers/ibers 【解析】句意：这种布是由黄麻和植物纤维制成的。分析句子结构可知，空格①和空格②在介词短语“made of…”中作介词“of”的宾语，需用名词形式；由“This cloth is made of...”的材料语境和首字母提示可知，空格①对应的英文名词为“jute”，意为“黄麻”，作不可数名词；空格②受形容词性修饰语“plant”修饰，对应的英文名词为表示“纤维”的“fibers”，共同构成“plant fibers”（植物纤维）。 23. His dream came into 　　　　　　　　 (real) at last. 【答案】reality 【解析】句意：他的梦想最终成真了。括号内real是形容词，此处需要名词作介词into的宾语，real对应的名词形式为reality，固定搭配come into reality表示“成为现实”。 24. A friendly police 　　　　　　　　 (office) came to our school to talk about traffic safety. 【答案】officer 【解析】句意：一位和蔼的警官来到我们学校讲解交通安全知识。office意为“办公室”，名词。根据“A friendly police ... came to our school”可知，此处指警官来我们学校；office对应的指人的派生词为officer，意为“警官”，前面有不定冠词a，因此用单数形式。 25. The job is 　　　　　　　　 (suit) for her. 【答案】suitable 【解析】句意：这份工作很适合她。句中be动词后需用形容词作表语，固定搭配be suitable for意为“适合……”，动词suit对应的形容词形式为suitable。 26. This is a great 　　　　　　　　 (create) of the artist. 【答案】creation 【解析】句意：这是这位艺术家的一件杰出作品。句中不定冠词a和形容词great后需接可数名词单数，动词create对应的名词creation表示“艺术作品”。 27. Either swimming or skiing 　　　　　　　　 (be) my favourite Olympic event. 【答案】is 【解析】句意：游泳和滑雪中，有一项是我最喜欢的奥运项目。根据“Either...or...”连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则，即与最靠近的主语保持一致。最靠近be的主语是skiing，为第三人称单数，be动词用is。 二、完成句子 1. 他们将负责打扫教室、走廊和学校其他区域。    They will be 　　　　　　　　 for cleaning the classrooms, the 　　　　　　　　, and the other 　　　　　　　　 of the school. 【答案】① responsible    ② hallways    ③ areas 【解析】原句中“负责”、“走廊”和“区域”是关键词。be responsible for，意为“对……负责”，对应中文“负责”；“走廊”的英文表达为hallway，因与复数名词classrooms并列，此处也应用复数形式hallways；“区域”的英文表达为area，other后通常接可数名词复数，用复数形式areas。故填responsible；hallways；areas。 2. 狗不会说“我想去散步”，但它们会站在门边叫。    Dogs might not tell you “I want to go for a walk”, but they will stand by the door and 　　　　　　　　　　. 【答案】bark 【解析】原句中“叫”是关键词，在描述狗的行为时，英文中常用“bark”表示“叫”。本句中“will”后接动词原形，表示一般将来时。 3. 这种蛋糕是由面粉、鸡蛋和牛奶制成的。 This kind of cake 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 flour, eggs and milk. 【答案】① is    ② made    ③ from 【解析】原句中“由……制成”是关键词，对应英文被动结构be made from，表示制成后看不出原材料，蛋糕制作完成后无法分辨鸡蛋、牛奶、面粉的原始形态。主语“This kind of cake”为单数，时态为一般现在时，be动词用is。故填is；made；from。 4. 如果我们想按时完成这个项目，就需要加快工作进度。 We need to 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 our work if we want to finish the project on time. 【答案】① speed    ② up 【解析】原句中“加快进度”是关键词，表示“加速、加快进度”的短语是speed up，同时need to后需要接动词原形。 5. 吃太多垃圾食品会导致日后出现健康问题。 Eating too much junk food can 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 health problems later in life. 【答案】① result    ② in 【解析】原句中“导致”是关键词，表示“导致”的固定短语是result in。本句为一般现在时，情态动词can后接动词原形result。 6. 他的努力工作最终让他取得了成功。 His hard work finally　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 his success. 【答案】① led    ② to 【解析】原句中“让……取得”是关键词，表示“让……取得”的短语是lead to，根据句意可知，最终让他取得了成功说明动作已经完成，句子应用一般过去时，动词lead的过去式为led。 7. 这款新型智能手表不仅能打电话，还能监测心率。 This new type of smartwatch can 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 make phone calls 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 monitor heart rates. 【答案】① not    ② only    ③ but    ④ also 【解析】原句中“不仅……还……”是核心固定搭配，对应的英文表达为not only...but also...，此处分别填入两处空白，用来连接“make phone calls”和“monitor heart rates”两个并列的谓语动作。 8. 让他吃惊的是，帕特里克认为那不是一个好主意。    　　　　　　　　 his 　　　　　　　　, Patrick didn’t think it was a good idea. 【答案】① To    ② surprise 【解析】原句中“让他吃惊的是”是关键词，表示“令某人惊讶的是”的固定短语是to one’s surprise，句首单词首字母要大写。 三、单项选择 1. Xi’an is famous for its Terracotta Army and ________ culture. A. ancient B. modern C. natural D. coastal 【答案】A 【解析】句意：西安以其兵马俑和古代文化而闻名。 ancient古代的；modern现代的；natural自然的；coastal沿海的。根据“Xi’an is famous for its Terracotta Army”可知，兵马俑是历史遗迹，代表古代文化，且西安地处内陆，并非沿海城市，此处应选填ancient。 2. Which invention helps spread knowledge? A. Ship B. Paper-making C. Wheel 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——哪项发明有助于传播知识？——造纸术。 考查名词辨析。Ship船；Paper-making造纸术；Wheel轮子。根据语境可知，此处是在询问哪项发明有助于传播知识，结合常识可知，造纸术的发明使得书籍的制作和传播变得更加容易和广泛，从而极大地促进了知识的传播，所以应该用Paper-making。故选B。 一、选词填空 用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空 speed up       be responsible for       lead to       result in       later on 1. Her carelessness 　　　　　　　　 a mistake last week. 2. Listening to some light music can help us 　　　　　　　　 our reading. 3. Heavy rain 　　　　　　　　 a flood yesterday. 4. I didn’t understand the grammar rule at first, but 　　　　　　　　, it became clear with more practice. 5. You should 　　　　　　　　 your own decisions. 【答案】1. led to     2. speed up     3. resulted in     4. later on     5. be responsible for      【解析】(1)题： 句意：她上周的粗心导致了一个错误。空处作谓语，根据时间状语“last week”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，动词需用过去式；根据“Her carelessness … a mistake”可知，此处表示粗心导致错误，是一种发展的趋势，方框中lead to意为“导致”符合语境，lead的过去式为led。 (2)题： 句意：听一些轻音乐可以帮助我们加快阅读速度。空处位于“help us”之后，help sb. (to) do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，故此处需用动词原形；根据“… our reading”可知，此处表示加快阅读，方框中“speed up”意为“加速”，符合语境。 (3)题： 句意：昨天的大雨导致了一场洪水。空处作谓语，根据时间状语“yesterday”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，动词需用过去式；根据“Heavy rain … a flood”可知，此处表示导致洪水，客观的灾难性后果，方框中“result in”意为“导致”，强调客观结果，result的过去式为resulted。 (4)题： 句意：起初我不懂这个语法规则，但后来通过更多的练习，它变得清晰了。空处位于连词“but”之后，作时间状语；根据句意“at first, but …”可知，此处表示“后来，以后”，方框中“later on”意为“后来”，符合语境。 (5)题： 句意：你应该对自己的决定负责。空处位于情态动词“should”之后，需用动词原形；根据“… your own decisions”可知，此处表达对你的决定负责，be responsible for意为“对……负责”符合语境。 二、完形填空 One day in 1950, young Joseph Engelberger opened a storybook. It was I, Robot written by Isaac Asimov. How he loved every story in the book! Reading these wonderful 　　　　1　　　　 stories, Joseph felt inspired (受到启发的). He wasn’t just reading about robots, he was going to make them 　　　　2　　　　. Six years later, Joseph met George Devol, an inventor. George had an idea which could make Joseph’s dream 　　　　3　　　　. Joseph learned about it. “This is just like the robots in Asimov’s book,” he said 　　　　4　　　　. In 1958, Joseph and George started working together. Their first 　　　　5　　　　, the Unimate, soon came out. It was a large robotic (机器人的) 　　　　6　　　　 that could pick up and move objects all by itself. Joseph wanted the robots to help people do 　　　　7　　　　 jobs, such as working in hot environments or dealing with harmful gases (有害气体). The first robotic arms were used in big car factories. This made some work safer and faster. It was clear that Joseph and George changed the way cars and other things were 　　　　8　　　　. In 1983, the first Unimate was retired (退休) to a museum after working 100,000 hours, 　　　　9　　　　 Joseph’s journey with robots didn’t stop there. He began to dream about home robots. “Could a robot do 　　　　10　　　　?” he kept asking himself. Today, we see the answer. 1. A. animal B. robot C. war D. hero 2. A. quiet B. smart C. safe D. real 3. A. come true B. stay up C. fall down D. run out 4. A. excitedly B. politely C. hardly D. differently 5. A. painting B. magazine C. invention D. process 6. A. head B. face C. arm D. leg 7. A. simple B. dangerous C. dirty D. important 8. A. bought B. travelled C. showed D. produced 9. A. but B. because C. although D. since 10. A. dancing B. training C. housework D. exercise 【答案】1. B     2. D     3. A     4. A     5. C     6. C     7. B     8. D     9. A     10. C      【解析】本文讲述了Joseph Engelberger受科幻小说《我，机器人》启发，与发明家George Devol合作，共同研发出世界上第一台工业机器人Unimate，并推动了机器人技术发展的故事。 (1)题： 句意：读着这些精彩的机器人故事，Joseph深受启发。 animal动物；robot机器人；war战争；hero英雄。根据前文“It was I, Robot written by Isaac Asimov”可知，这本书是关于机器人的。故选B。 (2)题： 句意：他不只是读到机器人，他还打算让它们成为现实。 quiet安静的；smart聪明的；safe安全的；real真实的。根据“He wasn’t just reading about robots, he was going to make them...”可知，Joseph还想把书中的机器人变成现实。故选D。 (3)题： 句意：George有一个想法，可以让Joseph的梦想成真。 come true实现；stay up熬夜；fall down跌倒；run out用完。由“make Joseph’s dream”可知，“make one’s dream come true”是固定搭配，意为“使某人的梦想成真”。故选A。 (4)题： 句意：“这就像阿西莫夫书中的机器人一样，”他兴奋地说。 excitedly兴奋地；politely礼貌地；hardly几乎不；differently不同地。根据“This is just like the robots”，可知Joseph对这个想法感到兴奋。故选A。 (5)题： 句意：他们的第一项发明，Unimate，很快就问世了。 painting绘画；magazine杂志；invention发明；process过程。Unimate是他们研发的机器人，属于一项发明。故选C。 (6)题： 句意：这是一个大型的机械臂，能够自己拾取和移动物体。 head头；face脸；arm手臂；leg腿。根据后文“The first robotic arms were used in big car factories”可知，这是一个机械臂。故选C。 (7)题： 句意：Joseph希望机器人能帮助人们做危险的工作，比如在高温环境下工作或处理有害气体。 simple简单的；dangerous危险的；dirty脏的；important重要的。根据后文“working in hot environments or dealing with harmful gases”可知，这些是危险的工作。故选B。 (8)题： 句意：很明显，Joseph和George改变了汽车和其他物品的生产方式。 bought买；travelled旅行；showed展示；produced生产。机器人被用于汽车工厂，改变了汽车的生产方式。故选D。 (9)题： 句意：1983年，第一台Unimate在工作了10万小时后退役了，但Joseph与机器人的旅程并没有就此停止。 but但是；because因为；although尽管；since自从。由“was retired”和“journey with robots didn’t stop there”可知，前后句为转折关系。故选A。 (10)题： 句意：“机器人能做家务吗？”他不断地问自己。 dancing跳舞；training训练；housework家务；exercise锻炼。根据前文“dream about home robots”可知，他在思考家用机器人做家务的问题。故选C。 一、阅读单选 A篇 The Invention of Papermaking Papermaking is one of the most important inventions in human history. It was invented by Cai Lun during the Eastern Han Dynasty in China. Before paper was invented, people used many different materials for writing, such as animal bones, bronze wares, stones, wood, bamboo, and silk. However, these materials were either heavy, expensive, or difficult to use. Cai Lun was an officer in the palace workshop. He wanted to find a better and cheaper way to make writing materials. He experimented with different materials like bark, old clothes, and plants. He mixed these materials with water, boiled them, and then pressed them into sheets. The result was a soft, light, and inexpensive paper. In 105 CE, Cai Lun presented his invention to the emperor. The emperor was very satisfied and praised him. Soon, paper became widely used in China. Later, the technique spread to other parts of Asia and eventually to Europe. The invention of paper greatly influenced the spread of knowledge and culture around the world. Today, paper is still an important part of our daily lives. We use it for books, newspapers, packaging, and many other purposes. Papermaking has truly changed the world. 1. When was papermaking invented? A. During the Western Han Dynasty. B. During the Eastern Han Dynasty. C. During the Tang Dynasty. D. During the Song Dynasty. 2. What materials did Cai Lun use to make paper? A. Animal bones and silk. B. Bronze wares and stones. C. Bark, old clothes, and plants. D. Wood and bamboo. 3. What was one advantage of Cai Lun’s paper? A. It was very heavy. B. It was expensive. C. It was soft and light. D. It was difficult to make. 4. In which year did Cai Lun present his invention to the emperor? A. In 105 BC. B. In 105 CE. C. In 100 CE. D. In 200 CE. 5. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Paper is used for many purposes today. B. Cai Lun invented papermaking, which greatly influenced the world. C. The emperor was very pleased with Cai Lun’s invention. D. Papermaking spread from China to Europe. 【答案】1. B     2. C     3. C     4. B     5. B      【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍蔡伦在东汉改进造纸术，记录造纸的原料、工艺、向朝廷呈报的时间，以及造纸术传播后对全球知识文化发展的深远影响。 (1)题： 原文第一段“It was invented by Cai Lun during the Eastern Han Dynasty in China.”，直接点明造纸术诞生于东汉时期。 (2)题： 原文第二段“He experimented with different materials like bark, old clothes, and plants.”，可知蔡伦用来造纸的原料是树皮、旧布料、植物。 (3)题： 原文第二段“The result was a soft, light, and inexpensive paper.”，柔软轻便是蔡伦造出纸张的一项优势，其余选项都是早期书写材料的缺点。 (4)题： 原文第三段“In 105 CE, Cai Lun presented his invention to the emperor.”，可直接提取呈报年份为公元105年。 (5)题： 全文围绕蔡伦改良造纸术展开，同时阐述这项发明推动世界各地知识文化传播、深刻改变世界，B选项完整覆盖核心内容；A、C、D仅对应局部段落信息，无法概括全文。 B篇 Bi Sheng was born in the Song Dynasty. He lived in a small village which lies in Huanggang today. He invented the printing around 600 AD (公元). He was the world’s first inventor of the printing. It is about 400 years earlier than the printing in Germany. The printing is also called the movable type printing (活字印刷). But how did it work in the past? First of all, the clay was made into movable types. Then words were engraved (雕刻) carefully onto the types. After that the words were chosen and put in right order in a box according to the text. Next, the workers brushed ink onto the movable types. Finally the types could be used for printing. They could be used again and again for different books. The movable type printing plays an important role in Chinese culture. With the help of it, Chinese culture spread around the world more quickly. At the same time, the movable type printing was widely used in the world at that time. As a result, more and more culture communication among countries took place. The movable type printing, the compass (指南针), gunpowder and the papermaking are called four great inventions of China. They make China own an important and even top position in the history of human civilization (文明). 1. When was the movable type printing invented? A. About 600 years ago. B. Around 600 AD. C. Before the Song Dynasty. D. About 400 years ago. 2. What should the workers do after the words were chosen and put in right order? A. Brush ink onto the types. B. Make the clay into movable types. C. Print by using the types. D. Engrave words onto the types. 3. What does the word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. The compass. B. Gun powder. C. The papermaking. D. The movable type printing. 4. What’s the passage mainly about? A. Four great inventions and their position in the history of human civilization. B. Bi Sheng invented the movable type printing after trying many times. C. The movable type printing and the importance for the ancient cultural communication. D. How Bi Sheng invented the movable type printing. 【答案】1. B     2. A     3. D     4. C      【解析】本文是说明文，介绍了毕昇发明的活字印刷术的操作流程，讲述了它在中外文化交流中的重要作用，并点明它是中国四大发明之一。 (1)题： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“He invented the printing around 600 AD (公元 ).”可知，毕昇发明活字印刷术的时间大约在公元600年。 (2)题： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段描述的制作步骤“After that the words were chosen and put in right order ... Next, the workers brushed ink onto the movable types.”可知，在文字被选择并排列好顺序之后，下一步工序是工人给活字刷上墨水。 (3)题： 词句猜测题。根据文章第四段首句“The movable type printing plays an important role in Chinese culture.”以及后文“With the help of it ...”可知，代词“it”指代的是前文提到的主语“the movable type printing”。 (4)题： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了毕昇发明的活字印刷术的操作步骤，以及它在促进中国古代文化传播和交流方面的重要作用。选项C概括最为准确。 二、阅读还原 Chinese names have a long history. Many Chinese families have a family tree. 　　　　1　　　　 Chinese family names are passed down (传承) from fathers to sons. Many Chinese are happy when they meet a new friend with the same family name. 　　　　2　　　　 There are over 5000 family names in China. 　　　　3　　　　 In China, family names always come first. 　　　　4　　　　 English people put their family names last. And they usually have three names: a first name, a middle name and a last name. 　　　　5　　　　 So Mike Henry White is often called Mike White. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A. You can see all the family members in it. B. But English names are different from ours. C. People don’t use their middle names very often. D. Li, Wang and Zhang are the top three family names. E. As an old saying (谚语) goes, “They were from the same family 500 years ago.” 【答案】1. A     2. E     3. D     4. B     5. C      【解析】本文主要讲述了中国姓氏的传承、特点以及与英文名字的差异。 (1)题： 根据前文“Many Chinese families have a family tree.”可知，空格处应补充说明和家谱有关的内容。选项A“你能从中看到所有家庭成员。”符合语境，故选A。 (2)题： 根据前文“Many Chinese are happy when they meet a new friend with the same family name.”可知，空格处需补充中国人遇到同姓新朋友会开心的原因。选项E“正如俗话说：‘他们五百年前是一家。’”符合语境，故选E。 (3)题： 根据前文“There are over 5000 family names in China.”可知，空格处应列举中国的常见姓氏。选项D“李、王和张是排名前三的姓氏。”符合语境，故选D。 (4)题： 根据前文“In China, family names always come first.”和后文“English people put their family names last.”可知，前后文是转折关系，空格处需引出与中国姓氏顺序不同的情况。选项B“但英文名字和我们的不一样。”符合语境，故选B。 (5)题： 根据后文“So Mike Henry White is often called Mike White.”可知，空格处需说明Mike Henry White常被叫作Mike White的原因。选项C“人们不经常使用他们的中间名。”符合语境，故选C。 三、阅读问答 The Spring Festival (春节) is our favorite Chinese festival. We also call it “Chinese New Year”. It usually comes in January or February. Before the festival, people are busy but happy. They clean their houses, put up red “Fu” on the door—it means “good luck”, On New Year’s Eve, family members get together and have a big dinner. They eat jiaozi, fish and other nice food. After dinner, they watch the Spring Festival Gala (联欢晚会) on TV. It’s so fun! On New Year’s Day, people wear new clothes and visit their relatives (亲戚) and friends. They say “Happy New Year” to each other. Children are very happy because they can get red packets (红包). People also watch the dragon dance in the street. It’s exciting! The Spring Festival is a time of love and fun. 根据语篇内容，按要求回答问题. 1. When does the Spring Festival usually come? 2. What does “Fu” on the door mean? 3. What do people do after dinner on New Year’s Eve? 4. Why are children very happy on New Year’s Day? 5. Do you like the Spring Festival? Why or why not? (不超过15个词) 【答案】1. It usually comes in January or February.     2. It means “good luck”.     3. They watch the Spring Festival Gala on TV.     4. Because they can get red packets.     5. Yes, I do. Because I can get red packets./No, I don’t. Because it’s too noisy.      【解析】本文主要介绍了春节的相关信息，包括春节的时间、节前准备、除夕的活动、新年的活动以及孩子们开心的原因等。 (1)题： 根据文中“It usually comes in January or February.”可知，春节通常在一月或二月到来。故填It usually comes in January or February. (2)题： 根据文中“They clean their houses, put up red ‘Fu’ on the door—it means ‘good luck’”可知，门上的“福”意味着好运。故填It means “good luck”. (3)题： 根据文中“After dinner, they watch the Spring Festival Gala (联欢晚会) on TV.”可知，除夕晚饭后，人们会在电视上看春节联欢晚会。故填They watch the Spring Festival Gala on TV. (4)题： 根据文中“Children are very happy because they can get red packets (红包).”可知，孩子们在新年那天非常开心是因为他们可以得到红包。故填Because they can get red packets. (5)题： 开放性问题，言之有理即可。参考答案为：Yes, I do. Because I can get red packets./No, I don’t. Because it’s too noisy. 一、阅读单选 （来源:2026年新疆维吾尔族自治区中考英语试题）① When you hold a beautiful modern book, do you know how it slowly developed from ancient books? ② Over 3,000 years ago in ancient China, people carved (刻写) words on turtle shells (龟壳) and animal bones for predicting the future. These were the earliest books. ③ Before paper was invented, bamboo slips (竹简) and silk were widely used. They greatly influenced later book styles and writing rules. Even today, many rules of writing and book design still follow old traditions from that time. ④ When paper first appeared, it did not take the place of bamboo and silk at once. As paper-making skills improved, paper slowly became the main writing material. Ancient people often colored paper to protect it from insects and keep it lasting long. Many old paper books have been kept well for over a thousand years. ⑤ From shells and bones to bamboo and silk to paper, the development of books in China records rich history and culture. It truly shows the great wisdom and creativity of ancient Chinese people. 根据材料内容，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。 1. What were the earliest books in ancient China made of? A. Bamboo slips and silk. B. Turtle shells and animal bones. C. Silk and animal bones. D. Silk and paper. 2. Why did ancient people often color the paper? A. To make the books beautiful. B. To influence later book styles. C. To keep the paper well. D. To take the place of silk quickly. 3. Which is the best structure of the passage? A.  B.  C.  D.  4. Where does the passage probably come from? A. A history book. B. A movie poster. C. A novel. D. A fashion magazine. 【答案】1. B     2. C     3. B     4. A      【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍中国书籍从龟甲兽骨逐步发展到纸张的演变历程。 (1)题： 根据第②段中“people carved words on turtle shells and animal bones...These were the earliest books.”可知，最早的书籍是龟壳和兽骨制成的。 (2)题： 根据第④段中“Ancient people often colored paper to protect it from insects and keep it lasting long.”可知，古人给纸张染色是为了保护纸张、让纸张长久保存。 (3)题： 第①段总起，提出书籍漫长的发展历程；第②③④段分述书籍发展的三个阶段；第⑤段总结书籍发展史承载着历史文化。文章结构为“总—分—总”，对应B选项结构图。 (4)题： 全文介绍古代书籍的历史演变，属于历史知识，根据文章内容可推知它来自历史书。 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Power of Ideas Section B 1a-1f A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 一、单词拼写 1. Stones have different 　　　　　　　　 (形状). 2. This pen is too 　　　　　　　　 (昂贵的). I don’t have enough money to buy it. 3. Your teacher will call you at a 　　　　　　　　 (某个) time tomorrow afternoon. 4. With the 　　　　　　　　 (快速的) development of AI technology, our lives are changing fast. 5. He offered several plans, but 　　　　　　　　 (没有一个) of them was practical. 6. The 　　　　　　　　 (皇帝) wore beautiful new clothes. 7. The main 　　　　　　　　 (原料) of this cake is chocolate. 8. Chinese 　　　　　　　　 (文明) has a long history of thousands of years. 9. I forgot his name at first, but I remembered it 　　　　　　　　　　　. (后来) 10. 　　　　　　　　 (将……倒入) the milk into the bowl. 11. The buildings in the Palace Museum are all 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 (由……制成) wood. 12. Many 　　　　　　　　 (阿拉伯的) traders come here. 13. Happiness doesn’t 　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 (取决于) who you are or what you have, but how you think. 14. The old house is built of s　　　　　　　　 (石头) and wood. 15. We found a c　　　　　　　　 (便宜的) hotel near the train station for our trip. 16. 传统文化 中国结 The b　　　　　　　　 (诞生) of Chinese knotting shows the wisdom of ancient people. 17. 学科融合 水 Water is a common l　　　　　　　　 (液体) that we need every day. 18. The art teacher held a w　　　　　　　　 (讲习班) where kids could make their own clay toys. 19. This plant’s f　　　　　　　　 can be used to make paper. (纤维) 20. The quiet house by the lake is the i　　　　　　　　 (理想的) place for a relaxing holiday. 21. Coins were made of b　　　　　　　　, iron, gold or silver in ancient times. 22. This cloth is made of j　　　　　　　　 and plant f　　　　　　　　. 23. His dream came into 　　　　　　　　 (real) at last. 24. A friendly police 　　　　　　　　 (office) came to our school to talk about traffic safety. 25. The job is 　　　　　　　　 (suit) for her. 26. This is a great 　　　　　　　　 (create) of the artist. 27. Either swimming or skiing 　　　　　　　　 (be) my favourite Olympic event. 二、完成句子 1. 他们将负责打扫教室、走廊和学校其他区域。    They will be 　　　　　　　　 for cleaning the classrooms, the 　　　　　　　　, and the other 　　　　　　　　 of the school. 2. 狗不会说“我想去散步”，但它们会站在门边叫。    Dogs might not tell you “I want to go for a walk”, but they will stand by the door and 　　　　　　　　　　. 3. 这种蛋糕是由面粉、鸡蛋和牛奶制成的。 This kind of cake 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 flour, eggs and milk. 4. 如果我们想按时完成这个项目，就需要加快工作进度。 We need to 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 our work if we want to finish the project on time. 5. 吃太多垃圾食品会导致日后出现健康问题。 Eating too much junk food can 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 health problems later in life. 6. 他的努力工作最终让他取得了成功。 His hard work finally　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 his success. 7. 这款新型智能手表不仅能打电话，还能监测心率。 This new type of smartwatch can 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 make phone calls 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 monitor heart rates. 8. 让他吃惊的是，帕特里克认为那不是一个好主意。    　　　　　　　　 his 　　　　　　　　, Patrick didn’t think it was a good idea. 三、单项选择 1. Xi’an is famous for its Terracotta Army and ________ culture. A. ancient B. modern C. natural D. coastal 2. Which invention helps spread knowledge? A. Ship B. Paper-making C. Wheel 一、选词填空 用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空 speed up       be responsible for       lead to       result in       later on 1. Her carelessness 　　　　　　　　 a mistake last week. 2. Listening to some light music can help us 　　　　　　　　 our reading. 3. Heavy rain 　　　　　　　　 a flood yesterday. 4. I didn’t understand the grammar rule at first, but 　　　　　　　　, it became clear with more practice. 5. You should 　　　　　　　　 your own decisions. 二、完形填空 One day in 1950, young Joseph Engelberger opened a storybook. It was I, Robot written by Isaac Asimov. How he loved every story in the book! Reading these wonderful 　　　　1　　　　 stories, Joseph felt inspired (受到启发的). He wasn’t just reading about robots, he was going to make them 　　　　2　　　　. Six years later, Joseph met George Devol, an inventor. George had an idea which could make Joseph’s dream 　　　　3　　　　. Joseph learned about it. “This is just like the robots in Asimov’s book,” he said 　　　　4　　　　. In 1958, Joseph and George started working together. Their first 　　　　5　　　　, the Unimate, soon came out. It was a large robotic (机器人的) 　　　　6　　　　 that could pick up and move objects all by itself. Joseph wanted the robots to help people do 　　　　7　　　　 jobs, such as working in hot environments or dealing with harmful gases (有害气体). The first robotic arms were used in big car factories. This made some work safer and faster. It was clear that Joseph and George changed the way cars and other things were 　　　　8　　　　. In 1983, the first Unimate was retired (退休) to a museum after working 100,000 hours, 　　　　9　　　　 Joseph’s journey with robots didn’t stop there. He began to dream about home robots. “Could a robot do 　　　　10　　　　?” he kept asking himself. Today, we see the answer. 1. A. animal B. robot C. war D. hero 2. A. quiet B. smart C. safe D. real 3. A. come true B. stay up C. fall down D. run out 4. A. excitedly B. politely C. hardly D. differently 5. A. painting B. magazine C. invention D. process 6. A. head B. face C. arm D. leg 7. A. simple B. dangerous C. dirty D. important 8. A. bought B. travelled C. showed D. produced 9. A. but B. because C. although D. since 10. A. dancing B. training C. housework D. exercise 一、阅读单选 A篇 The Invention of Papermaking Papermaking is one of the most important inventions in human history. It was invented by Cai Lun during the Eastern Han Dynasty in China. Before paper was invented, people used many different materials for writing, such as animal bones, bronze wares, stones, wood, bamboo, and silk. However, these materials were either heavy, expensive, or difficult to use. Cai Lun was an officer in the palace workshop. He wanted to find a better and cheaper way to make writing materials. He experimented with different materials like bark, old clothes, and plants. He mixed these materials with water, boiled them, and then pressed them into sheets. The result was a soft, light, and inexpensive paper. In 105 CE, Cai Lun presented his invention to the emperor. The emperor was very satisfied and praised him. Soon, paper became widely used in China. Later, the technique spread to other parts of Asia and eventually to Europe. The invention of paper greatly influenced the spread of knowledge and culture around the world. Today, paper is still an important part of our daily lives. We use it for books, newspapers, packaging, and many other purposes. Papermaking has truly changed the world. 1. When was papermaking invented? A. During the Western Han Dynasty. B. During the Eastern Han Dynasty. C. During the Tang Dynasty. D. During the Song Dynasty. 2. What materials did Cai Lun use to make paper? A. Animal bones and silk. B. Bronze wares and stones. C. Bark, old clothes, and plants. D. Wood and bamboo. 3. What was one advantage of Cai Lun’s paper? A. It was very heavy. B. It was expensive. C. It was soft and light. D. It was difficult to make. 4. In which year did Cai Lun present his invention to the emperor? A. In 105 BC. B. In 105 CE. C. In 100 CE. D. In 200 CE. 5. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Paper is used for many purposes today. B. Cai Lun invented papermaking, which greatly influenced the world. C. The emperor was very pleased with Cai Lun’s invention. D. Papermaking spread from China to Europe. B篇 Bi Sheng was born in the Song Dynasty. He lived in a small village which lies in Huanggang today. He invented the printing around 600 AD (公元). He was the world’s first inventor of the printing. It is about 400 years earlier than the printing in Germany. The printing is also called the movable type printing (活字印刷). But how did it work in the past? First of all, the clay was made into movable types. Then words were engraved (雕刻) carefully onto the types. After that the words were chosen and put in right order in a box according to the text. Next, the workers brushed ink onto the movable types. Finally the types could be used for printing. They could be used again and again for different books. The movable type printing plays an important role in Chinese culture. With the help of it, Chinese culture spread around the world more quickly. At the same time, the movable type printing was widely used in the world at that time. As a result, more and more culture communication among countries took place. The movable type printing, the compass (指南针), gunpowder and the papermaking are called four great inventions of China. They make China own an important and even top position in the history of human civilization (文明). 1. When was the movable type printing invented? A. About 600 years ago. B. Around 600 AD. C. Before the Song Dynasty. D. About 400 years ago. 2. What should the workers do after the words were chosen and put in right order? A. Brush ink onto the types. B. Make the clay into movable types. C. Print by using the types. D. Engrave words onto the types. 3. What does the word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. The compass. B. Gun powder. C. The papermaking. D. The movable type printing. 4. What’s the passage mainly about? A. Four great inventions and their position in the history of human civilization. B. Bi Sheng invented the movable type printing after trying many times. C. The movable type printing and the importance for the ancient cultural communication. D. How Bi Sheng invented the movable type printing. 二、阅读还原 Chinese names have a long history. Many Chinese families have a family tree. 　　　　1　　　　 Chinese family names are passed down (传承) from fathers to sons. Many Chinese are happy when they meet a new friend with the same family name. 　　　　2　　　　 There are over 5000 family names in China. 　　　　3　　　　 In China, family names always come first. 　　　　4　　　　 English people put their family names last. And they usually have three names: a first name, a middle name and a last name. 　　　　5　　　　 So Mike Henry White is often called Mike White. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A. You can see all the family members in it. B. But English names are different from ours. C. People don’t use their middle names very often. D. Li, Wang and Zhang are the top three family names. E. As an old saying (谚语) goes, “They were from the same family 500 years ago.” 三、阅读问答 The Spring Festival (春节) is our favorite Chinese festival. We also call it “Chinese New Year”. It usually comes in January or February. Before the festival, people are busy but happy. They clean their houses, put up red “Fu” on the door—it means “good luck”, On New Year’s Eve, family members get together and have a big dinner. They eat jiaozi, fish and other nice food. After dinner, they watch the Spring Festival Gala (联欢晚会) on TV. It’s so fun! On New Year’s Day, people wear new clothes and visit their relatives (亲戚) and friends. They say “Happy New Year” to each other. Children are very happy because they can get red packets (红包). People also watch the dragon dance in the street. It’s exciting! The Spring Festival is a time of love and fun. 根据语篇内容，按要求回答问题. 1. When does the Spring Festival usually come? 2. What does “Fu” on the door mean? 3. What do people do after dinner on New Year’s Eve? 4. Why are children very happy on New Year’s Day? 5. Do you like the Spring Festival? Why or why not? (不超过15个词) 一、阅读单选 （来源:2026年新疆维吾尔族自治区中考英语试题）① When you hold a beautiful modern book, do you know how it slowly developed from ancient books? ② Over 3,000 years ago in ancient China, people carved (刻写) words on turtle shells (龟壳) and animal bones for predicting the future. These were the earliest books. ③ Before paper was invented, bamboo slips (竹简) and silk were widely used. They greatly influenced later book styles and writing rules. Even today, many rules of writing and book design still follow old traditions from that time. ④ When paper first appeared, it did not take the place of bamboo and silk at once. As paper-making skills improved, paper slowly became the main writing material. Ancient people often colored paper to protect it from insects and keep it lasting long. Many old paper books have been kept well for over a thousand years. ⑤ From shells and bones to bamboo and silk to paper, the development of books in China records rich history and culture. It truly shows the great wisdom and creativity of ancient Chinese people. 根据材料内容，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。 1. What were the earliest books in ancient China made of? A. Bamboo slips and silk. B. Turtle shells and animal bones. C. Silk and animal bones. D. Silk and paper. 2. Why did ancient people often color the paper? A. To make the books beautiful. B. To influence later book styles. C. To keep the paper well. D. To take the place of silk quickly. 3. Which is the best structure of the passage? A.  B.  C.  D.  4. Where does the passage probably come from? A. A history book. B. A movie poster. C. A novel. D. A fashion magazine. 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $