综训15：阅读理解部分 -阅读单选、阅读六选四组合练（V）（综合训练）（上海专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 聚焦高考阅读核心题型，整合名校高三试题，系统覆盖细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断及篇章逻辑题型，通过社会文化、自然科学等多样话题培养语言能力与思维品质。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解单选|8篇（含文化差异、基因研究等主题）|含细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题、主旨题，每题均基于文本信息设题|从基础信息获取到深层逻辑推断，话题涵盖跨文化交际、科学探索等，符合高考命题趋势| |阅读六选四|2篇（时间测量、印度茶叶产业）|考查段落衔接与逻辑连贯，选项含过渡句、主题句等|通过语篇结构分析，强化对篇章内在逻辑的理解，提升信息整合能力|

综合训练15：阅读理解单选、阅读六选四组合练（V） （满分：60分，推荐用时：60分钟） 第一套 Section A Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A 【来源】上海交通大学附中2025-2026学年上学期摸底考试英语试题 Earlier this year I took a trip to England and France to go see some friends. It was a wonderful trip; I really loved it. But one thing that struck me was how different these cultures are from our own. I guess this would strike any traveler because that is the first thing you notice and it is what makes travel so exciting. Of course, these cultures are also similar to ours in many respects, but it’s the differences that really stand out. One of the things that struck me in particular was the different attitudes towards smoking. As you know, there’s a growing anti-smoking sentiment in Europe. However, when I went to England and France, I got a new perspective on this issue. People seem to smoke anywhere and everywhere, even though anti-smoking signs are all over public places. On the radio, I heard about a member of the World Cup soccer team who smoked. And people were actually saying, “Well, he should not be on the team because he’s a bad example for our children.” I think, if they want to look at bad examples for their children, they should just go out on the street, or go into the subways, or look in the mirror, even, because so many of them are smoking in very inappropriate places. I visited a restaurant buffet in London and saw an English woman scooping up the food with a lit cigarette in her hand. Smoke rising into the air. Actually, when I talked to English people later, they were pretty shocked too, and they said that smoking in a restaurant is rude even by British standards. This did not give me a bad impression of English people. It gave me, on the contrary, a positive feeling toward American smokers. There are a lot of American smokers who will proclaim their right to smoke whenever they want, but they will follow the rules, generally, because they have consideration for nonsmokers. So this experience in Europe gave me more of a respect for this kind of smoker. 1．What surprised the writer during his trip to England and France? A．The wonderful trip to England and France. B．Cultural differences that he noticed during his trip. C．Similarity between cultures stands out more than differences. D．Growing anti-smoking views in Europe. 2．What did the speaker find in England and France about the smoking issue? A．People discuss the smoking issue on the radio. B．Smokers are allowed to smoke anywhere and anytime. C．People are encouraged to smoke in inappropriate places. D．Many smokers pay no attention to the “No Smoking” signs. 3．The word “sentiment” in the second paragraph means ______. A．feeling B．movement C．offense D．regulation 4．What kind of smokers does the speaker respect? A．Those who are from America and Europe. B．Those who respect others’ feelings. C．Those who defend the right to smoke. D．Those who set rules of smoking in public places. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者到欧洲旅游时见到的欧洲烟民，特别是英国和法国烟民对吸烟的态度，他们无视禁烟标识，不顾他人感受，这让作者对美国烟民有了积极的评价。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But one thing that struck me was how different these cultures are from our own.(但有一件事让我震惊，那就是这些文化与我们自己的文化是多么不同。)”可知，作者在英国和法国旅行时，他在旅途中注意到的文化差异使他感到惊讶。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“People seem to smoke anywhere and everywhere, even though anti-smoking signs are all over public places.(人们似乎在任何地方和任何地方吸烟，尽管公共场所到处都是禁烟标志。)”可知，关于吸烟问题，说话者发现在英国和法国许多吸烟者不在意“禁止吸烟”的标志。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词前“anti-smoking(反吸烟)”和下文“However, when I went to England and France, I got a new perspective on this issue. People seem to smoke anywhere and everywhere, even though anti-smoking signs are all over public places.(然而，当我去了英国和法国后，我对这个问题有了新的看法。人们似乎在任何地方和任何地方吸烟，尽管公共场所到处都是禁烟标志。)”可知推知，“anti-smoking”是欧洲民众对吸烟的一种态度或情感，与下文的现实状况“People seem to smoke anywhere and everywhere”形成对比，构成转折。所以sentiment与feeling同义，意为“看法，情绪”。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“There are a lot of American smokers who will proclaim their right to smoke whenever they want, but they will follow the rules, generally, because they have consideration for nonsmokers. So this experience in Europe gave me more of a respect for this kind of smoker.(有很多美国吸烟者会宣称他们有随时吸烟的权利，但他们通常会遵守规则，因为他们考虑到不吸烟者。所以在欧洲的经历让我对这种吸烟者产生了更多的尊重。)”可知，作者尊重那些尊重他人感受的吸烟者。故选B项。 B 【来源】上海市交通大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题 Care for a zoom-in observation of animals with no bars between you and the observed as opposed to ordinary zoos? Where to have close-up encounters with some of the world’s most rare animals?We are revealing for you: 1. Right whales, Bay of Fundy, Canada Northern right whales are on the brink of extinction, but survivors arrive in the Bay of Fundy each summer (May through October) to feed east of Grand Manan Island. They are recognized by a broad back and no dorsal fin, which distinguish them from other whales entering the bay. Planning: Whale-watching tours operate out of Digby Neck peninsula on Nova Scotia and nearby islands, such as Brier Island. St. Andrews. Grand Manan Island. and Deer Island. 2. Grizzly bears, Alaska Grizzlies like salmon. In mid-July and again in mid-August, grizzlies make for Alaskan rivers to hook out the fish with their formidable claws. The bears gather in large numbers at rapids and pools, sometimes fighting for the best sites. Brooks Falls in Katmai National Park, and Fish Creek, near Hyder, have viewing platforms. Planning: Most fishing sites are reached by chartered light aircraft and a hike. Hyder is off the Swart-Cassiar Highway. 3. Monarch butterflies, Sierra Chincua, Mexico Each fall, millions of North American monarch butterflies migrate thousands of miles to the oyalmel fir forests of the Transvolcanic Mountain Range, in the state of Mchoacdn. They flock intimately (closely) on tree trunks, bushes, and on the ground, fully showing their gregarious nature and occupy Sierra Chincua and four neighbouring hills that make up the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve. Planning: Chineua is one of two hills in the reserve open to the public from November through March .4. Komodo dragons, Komodo Island, Indonesia Landing on Komodo, you would feel like stepping back to a time when dinosaurs ruled the Earth, as park maps reported, “Here be dragons!” This mountainous volcanic island is home to the world’s largest living lizard—the Komodo dragon. Weighing 79 to 91 kg. the Komodo dragon has a tail as long as its body. You can hike to a viewpoint at Banugulung and watch as park rangers feed food to the lizards, some of which are more than 10 ft (3 m) long. Planning: Komodo is reached solely by boat from Bima (on eastern Sumbawa) or Labuan Bajo (on western Flores). 5. Wildebeest migration, Serengeti, Tanzania Undoubtedly the world’s most spectacular wildlife sight is the annual wildebeest migration, when 1. 4 million wildebeest and 200, 000 zebras and gazelles are on the move across the Serengeti plains. The animals are trekking to chase the clean water and fresh grass. Along the way, lions and hyenas stalk them, and crocodiles lie in wait. Planning: The herds migrate across Tanzania from December through July, and then pass through the Masai Mara in Kenya in August and September. 5．The underlined word gregarious is closest in meaning to ________________. A．being able to climb B．preferring group living C．migrating in small numbers D．moderate in temper 6．Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A．Right whales are distinguished from other whales by unique appearance features. B．Viewing spots for grizzly bears are accessible by air and on foot. C．Komodo Island is located east of Flores and West of Sumbawa D．Wildebeest herds travel to pursue favourable food conditions. 7．Li Hua is an adventurous visitor longing for closer look at animals. He is taking a gap year and doing voluntary work now in Indonesia. He will go back to China and further his study next fall. Which of the following will be the most reasonable wildlife-watching route after he finishes his voluntary work this winter? A．Alaska→Bay of Fundy→Sierra Chincua→Serengeti B．Serengeti→Alaska→Bay of Fundy→Sierra Chincua C．Bay of Fundy→Sierra Chincua→Serengeti→Alaska D．Sierra Chincua→Serengeti→Alaska→Bay of Fundy 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了几个观察动物的好去处。 5．词句猜测题。根据划线单词句中“They flock intimately (closely) on tree trunks, bushes, and on the ground…(它们亲密地（亲密地）聚集在树干、灌木丛和地上)”可知，北美帝王蝶喜欢聚集性飞行，由此可知，这一点展示了它们的群居性，“preferring group living”意为“更喜欢群居”，能够表达划线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选B项。 6．细节理解题。根据“Komodo dragons, Komodo Island, Indonesia”部分关键句“Planning: Komodo is reached solely by boat from Bima (on eastern Sumbawa) or Labuan Bajo (on western Flores). (规划：科莫多只能从比马（松巴哇岛东部）或纳闽巴霍（弗洛雷斯岛西部）乘船抵达)”可知，科莫多岛位于弗洛雷斯岛西部，松巴哇岛东部，由此可知，C项“科莫多岛位于弗洛雷斯以东，松巴哇以西”描述与文章不一致。故选C项。 7．细节理解题。根据问题可知，李华应该从北美洲沿路观光，向亚洲前进，最后回到中国，结合地理知识可知，应该先到“Sierra Chincua”，位于“墨西哥”，接下来前进到“Serengeti”，位于“坦桑尼亚”，接下来到达“Alaska”，位于“美国”，最后到达“Bay of Fundy”，位于“加拿大”，最后回到中国。故选D项。 C 【来源】上海市七宝中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期末考试英语试卷 ‘Hungry gene’ linked to obesity present in dogs and humans Ever wondered why some dogs are always hungry, however much you feed them? Well, we may be close to getting an answer. In a new study, scientists pinpointed several genes linked to obesity (condition of being fat in a way that is unhealthy) in dogs — genes that dogs share with humans. The findings suggest man’s best friend could help future researchers unlock new insights into weight gain and complex diseases. Though environmental factors such as ultra-processed foods are often blamed for rising rates of obesity, scientists emphasize the condition has complex biological causes, including genetics. “If you’re unlucky enough to get genes that make you prone to obesity, they appear as greater appetite, making it harder to resist those drives to overeat,” Dr Eleanor Raffan, the lead academic on the study, told BBC Science Focus. “In contrast, slim people just don’t need to exert as much willpower to keep at a healthy weight.” To see if obesity was also hereditary (遗传的) in dogs, the scientists looked at the genes of 241 labrador retrievers — a breed particularly prone to obesity. When compared with humans, the gene DENND1B, which plays a key role in how our cells process energy, emerged as a particularly strong genetic link between human and canine (犬的) obesity. As well as offering scientists a new model to understand human disease, this research could also help us take better care of our dogs. Until now the genetic basis of canine obesity hasn’t been widely studied. “Our results underscore the importance of encouraging exercise and limiting food intake for our dogs,” said Raffan. “Our data shows that it’s much harder to control food intake in the dogs with genes that put them at a high risk of obesity. That should change how we address canine obesity: we need to target owners of high-risk dogs and offer them support on effective management, rather than blaming them.” 8．What does the new study find about obesity? A．Environmental factors are to blame for obesity. B．Dogs are always hungry however much they eat. C．Genetic causes can result in the obesity of dogs. D．Man’s obesity offers new insight into dogs’ disease. 9．Dr Eleanor Raffan probably agrees that ______. A．slim people aren’t morally superior in controlling weight B．people have equal willpower to maintain healthy weight C．environmental factors should be excluded from the study D．obese people are blessed with the resistance to overeating 10．Which of the following is true about gene DENND1B? A．It is unique to obese human beings. B．It enables dogs to go on a healthy diet. C．It emerged after man had tamed dogs. D．It impacts dynamics of energy intake. 11．We can treat the problem of overweight dogs by ______. A．highlighting the importance of modifying dogs’ genes B．aiding owners with the high-risk dogs’ exercise and diet C．targeting high-risk dogs with medical and legal support D．blaming dog owners for inadequate management of pets 【答案】8．C 9．A 10．D 11．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述研究发现“饥饿基因”与肥胖有关，存在于狗和人类体内。 【详解】8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In a new study, scientists pinpointed several genes linked to obesity (condition of being fat in a way that is unhealthy) in dogs — genes that dogs share with humans. (在一项新的研究中，科学家们在狗体内确定了几个与肥胖（一种不健康的体重状况。）相关的基因——这些基因是狗和人类共有的。)”可知，新研究发现遗传因素会导致犬类肥胖，故选C。 9．推理判断题。根据第三段““If you’re unlucky enough to get genes that make you prone to obesity, they appear as greater appetite, making it harder to resist those drives to overeat,” Dr Eleanor Raffan, the lead academic on the study, told BBC Science Focus. “In contrast, slim people just don’t need to exert as much willpower to keep at a healthy weight.” (“如果你不幸遗传了容易导致肥胖的基因，那么这些基因就会表现为更强的食欲，从而使得人们更难抵制过度进食的冲动，”该研究的首席学者Eleanor Raffan博士在接受 BBC科学焦点频道采访时说道。“相比之下，身材苗条的人根本不需要付出太多意志力就能保持健康的体重。”)”可知，Eleanor Raffan博士指出，遗传肥胖基因的人更难抵制过度进食的冲动，而身材苗条的人不需要付出太多意志力就能保持健康的体重，由此推知身材苗条的人在控制体重方面并不一定就更具道德优势，故选A。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段中“When compared with humans, the gene DENND1B, which plays a key role in how our cells process energy, emerged as a particularly strong genetic link between human and canine (犬的) obesity. (与人类相比，控制细胞能量处理过程的关键基因DENND1B在人类和犬类肥胖之间表现出了尤为紧密的遗传关联。)”可知，该基因在能量吸收和利用方面起作用，因此它影响能量摄入的动态。故选D。 11．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Our results underscore the importance of encouraging exercise and limiting food intake for our dogs (我们的研究结果强调了鼓励狗狗锻炼和限制其食物摄入量的重要性)”可知，帮助这些易肥胖狗的主人从运动和饮食管理方面入手最为有效，故选B。 Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 The Science of Measuring Time Caesium is a soft, silvery-gold metal that becomes liquid when stored in a warm room. It is mostly found in mineral deposits near a small lake in central Canada. 12 But do you know that caesium is also the metronome (节拍器) of the world, the ultimate source of all modern time? For a thousand years, phenomena in the sky were our timekeepers and calendars. Prehistoric tombs and monuments around the world are in line with the sunrise on the solstice (至日). We knew time passed because we saw things change. The Sun rose, seasons turned. 13 A second was defined as a fraction of the solar year. But in 1967, at the 13th General Conference on Weights and Measures in Paris, the second was redefined according to rhythmic shaking of the caesium atom. Caesium atoms, when excited by just the right frequency, resonate like a wine glass shattered by an opera singer. By measuring this frequency, we measure time. Atoms make for handy clockwork: they have no moving parts, don’t wear out, and are attractively standard. 14 And they tick very fast. Half a century before the first accurate caesium clock measurement, some physicists suspected they had gone as far as they could with world-changing theories. However, modern day timekeeping have been and are being improved by about ten times per decade. The most advanced atomic clocks now are so precise that they would lose less than a second over the entire age of the universe. 15 It is not out of obsession, but because the more accurately we measure time, the more clearly we can observe reality. In the future, clocks may not just tell time; they may help rewrite the laws of time itself too. A．And yet, the pursuit for greater precision continues. B．Time probably does not even exist in the world, but rather in people’s projection. C．As late as the mid-20th century, our time remained tied to the Sun. D．Its main commercial use is in drilling fluids for petroleum exploration. E．Ever since, timekeeping has become the domain of physicists. F．While sunlight and pendulums (钟摆) vary, every caesium atom is identical to any other. 【答案】12．D 13．C 14．F 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍铯元素的特性、时间测量的发展及现代原子钟的高精度与研究意义。 12．根据上文“Caesium is a soft, silvery-gold metal that becomes liquid when stored in a warm room. It is mostly found in mineral deposits near a small lake in central Canada.(铯是一种柔软的银金色金属，在温暖的房间里存放时会变成液体。它主要存在于加拿大中部一个小湖附近的矿藏中)”以及下文“But do you know that caesium is also the metronome (节拍器) of the world, the ultimate source of all modern time?(但你知道铯也是世界的节拍器，是所有现代时间的终极来源吗？)”可知，此处应先介绍铯的常规用途，再以转折引出其在时间测量上的特殊用途，D选项“Its main commercial use is in drilling fluids for petroleum exploration.(它的主要商业用途是用于石油勘探的钻井液中)”介绍了铯的常见商业用途，衔接上下文自然，符合语境。故选D项。 13．根据上文“For a thousand years, phenomena in the sky were our timekeepers and calendars. Prehistoric tombs and monuments around the world are in line with the sunrise on the solstice (至日). We knew time passed because we saw things change. The Sun rose, seasons turned. (一千年来，天空中的现象就是我们的计时器和日历。世界各地的史前墓葬和纪念碑都与至日出的方向一致。我们知道时间在流逝，因为我们看到了事物的变化。太阳升起，季节变换)”以及下文“A second was defined as a fraction of the solar year. But in 1967, at the 13th General Conference on Weights and Measures in Paris, the second was redefined according to rhythmic shaking of the caesium atom.(一秒被定义为太阳年的一小部分。但1967年，在巴黎举行的第13届国际度量衡大会上，秒被根据铯原子有节奏的震动重新定义)”可知，此处应体现20世纪中期前时间测量与太阳的关联，C选项“As late as the mid-20th century, our time remained tied to the Sun.(直到20世纪中期，我们的时间仍然与太阳紧密相连)”中“mid-20th century与下文1967年的时间节点衔接，tied to the Sun呼应上文天空现象计时的内容，符合语境。故选C项。 14．根据上文“Atoms make for handy clockwork: they have no moving parts, don’t wear out, and are attractively standard.(原子是便利的计时装置：它们没有移动部件，不会磨损，而且标准性极佳)”以及下文“And they tick very fast.(而且它们振动频率极高)”可知，此处应进一步说明铯原子作为计时装置的标准性优势，F选项“While sunlight and pendulums (钟摆) vary, every caesium atom is identical to any other.(虽然阳光和钟摆存在差异，但每一个铯原子都与其他铯原子完全相同)”通过对比突出铯原子的一致性，呼应上文standard，衔接下文的振动特性，符合语境。故选F项。 15．根据上文“The most advanced atomic clocks now are so precise that they would lose less than a second over the entire age of the universe.(现在最先进的原子钟精度极高，在整个宇宙年龄中误差不到一秒)”以及下文“It is not out of obsession, but because the more accurately we measure time, the more clearly we can observe reality.(这并非出于执念，而是因为我们测量时间越精确，观察现实就越清晰)”可知，此处应体现对更高精度计时的持续追求，A选项“And yet, the pursuit for greater precision continues.(然而，对更高精度的追求仍在继续)”中的greater precision呼应上文原子钟的高精度，引出下文追求高精度的原因，符合语境。故选A项。 第二套 Section A Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A 【来源】上海市格致中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试卷 I used to spend a lot of time worrying about how other people judged me. Did I say too much? Too little? Was I too intense, or not fun enough? These thoughts often distracted me, especially in meetings or social events. I had a whole inner self-talk going on in my head. Every facial expression and comment from others seemed full of hidden meaning. I would polish these “truths” about myself like shiny little stones and carry them around. It was exhausting. But research shows that most people are not really thinking about us. In fact, studies have found that about 78% of conversations are people talking about themselves. The main function of conversation, researchers said, is to let the speakers share information about who they are. Later studies confirmed this pattern. Psychologists found that we use our own experiences as an anchor when judging others. For example, if crowds make you uncomfortable, you might assume someone else disliked a big party — when in fact, they may have loved it. Brain imaging has also shown that the “default network” of our brain lights up when we are at rest, and it is the same area that activates when we think about ourselves. In other words, our mind’s natural state is self-focus. So when I worry that people think I’m too intense, who is really thinking that? Me. The truth is, we have no idea what others are actually thinking, and we never will. Most likely, they are busy wondering what others think about them. I’m just a blip on the radar of their thoughts. This doesn’t mean people will never judge or say harsh things. But often, their judgments aren’t truly about us. People are frequently the most critical of qualities in others that they feel insecure about in themselves. The freedom comes when we stop internalizing others’ words and start asking, “What does this reveal about them?” Realizing that most people’s thoughts center on themselves is incredibly liberating. 1．What was the writer mainly concerned about in the beginning? A．Why social events were often exhausting. B．Why people were speaking to themselves. C．How his words and behaviour were perceived. D．How well people remembered his achievements. 2．What do later studies suggest about people’s judgement of others? A．They pay attention to others’ feedback. B．They rely mainly on logic and evidence. C．They often draw on personal experience. D．They enjoy guessing others’ likes and dislikes. 3．What does the phrase “a blip” (paragraph 4) most probably mean? A．Something small and unimportant. B．A major event that is well recorded. C．Something that attracts most people. D．A common topic people like to discuss. 4．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．The Danger of Self-Focused Thinking B．No One Is Really Thinking About You C．Finding Freedom from Constant Self-Judgment D．Why We Worry Too Much About Others’ Opinions 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“人们过度在意他人对自己的评价”这一现象展开，结合研究结果指出大多数人更关注自身，他人对我们的注意力远不如我们想象中多，最终倡导人们摆脱对他人评价的过度纠结，获得内心自由。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I used to spend a lot of time worrying about how other people judged me. Did I say too much? Too little? Was I too intense, or not fun enough?(我过去常常花很多时间担心别人如何评价我。我说得太多了吗？太少了？我是不是太强势了，或者不够有趣？)”可知，作者一开始主要关心的是自己的言行举止如何被他人看待。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Later studies confirmed this pattern. Psychologists found that we use our own experiences as an anchor when judging others.(后续研究证实了这一规律。心理学家发现，我们在评判他人时会以自己的经历为依据。)”可知，后续研究表明人们对他人的评判往往基于个人经验。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“The truth is, we have no idea what others are actually thinking, and we never will. Most likely, they are busy wondering what others think about them. I’m just a blip on the radar of their thoughts. (事实是，我们永远不知道别人真正在想什么。他们很可能正忙着担心别人对自己的看法。我在他们的思绪里，不过是a blip罢了。)”可知，他人的注意力都集中在自己身上，我们在他们的思绪中并不重要。由此推测“a blip”意为“微小且不重要的事物”。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“But research shows that most people are not really thinking about us. In fact, studies have found that about 78% of conversations are people talking about themselves. The main function of conversation, researchers said, is to let the speakers share information about who they are.(但研究表明，大多数人其实并没有在真正关注我们。事实上，研究发现约78%的对话中，人们都是在谈论自己。研究人员表示，对话的主要作用是让说话者分享关于自身的信息。)”以及最后一段中的“Realizing that most people’s thoughts center on themselves is incredibly liberating.(意识到大多数人的思绪都聚焦在他们自己身上，这一点能让人获得极大的解脱。)”可知，文章核心围绕“大多数人并不会真正关注他人”展开，通过研究和分析指出他人的思维以自我为中心，因此最适合的标题是“没有人真的在思考你”。故选B项。 B 【来源】上海市曹杨中学2025-2026学年学年高三上学期期中英语试卷 Why Do We Do Things That Are Bad for Us? Ancient Puzzle More than two thousand years ago, Greek philosophers such as Socrates and Aristotle debated a question that still feels modern: Why do people act against what they believe is best? They called this phenomenon akrasia — a failure of self-control in the face of temptation. While Socrates argued that truly knowing the good would make wrongdoing impossible, Aristotle observed that human desire often weakens our judgment, turning clear thinking into hesitation and regret. Inside the Mind: Reason vs. Desire Modern research continues that dialogue. Richard Holton, a philosopher at Cambridge University, notes that we often choose what we don’t consider best: “It may feel idealistic,” he said, “but we constantly decide to do things we judge to be unwise.” ●Psychologists describe akrasia as a conflict between our intentions and our actions. ●Economists go further: revealed-preference theory suggests that behavior itself — what we actually do — reveals our true values more clearly than our words. The Pull of the Present According to psychologist George Ainslie, people naturally overvalue short-term rewards and undervalue long-term ones, a process known as hyperbolic discounting. That is why________.      Survey Insight: 73% of adults admit that their daily choices often conflict with their long-term goals. The Power of Environment Philosopher and researcher Kalis argues that our surroundings — not just our willpower — shape self-control. Adjusting one's environment may help resist temptation more effectively than simply “trying harder.” Leaving the phone outside the bedroom or scheduling exercise with a friend are examples of commitment devices — practical ways to prevent sudden shifts in behavior. Turning Desire into Action Studies show that goals are achieved more often when we set a specific plan rather than vague intentions. Psychologist Peter Gollwitzer calls this an implementation intention: “If I finish my work, then I’ll watch one episode” This method helps translate intention into behavior, reducing the mental space for excuses. Still, two conflicting intentions cannot coexist for long; one will eventually guide our action. 5．What does the term akrasia mainly refer to? A．moment of hesitation before making a moral choice. B．A sudden change caused by strong emotional pressure. C．loss of the ability to judge right from wrong. D．A conflict between what we intend and what we actually do. 6．Which of the following best fits the blank numbered “__________”? A．we reward ourselves with a short break after finishing our homework on time B．we carefully make a long-term study plan and follow it without any hesitation C．we choose to watch one more episode even when we have an essay to complete D．we turn off our phones to avoid any potential distraction while studying for exams 7．What can be inferred from the ideas discussed in the passage? A．Long-term goals seldom change with emotion. B．Self-control comes mainly from talent, not planning. C．True values are reflected more in choices than in claims. D．Philosophers once thought knowledge guaranteed virtue. 【答案】5．D 6．C 7．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨了“人们为何会做对自己不利的事”这一古老谜题，介绍了“意志薄弱（akrasia）”的概念，结合哲学观点与现代研究，从理性与欲望的冲突、短期奖励的诱惑、环境的影响等方面分析了原因，并给出了将欲望转化为行动的解决方法。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据“Inside the Mind: Reason vs. Desire”部分中“Psychologists describe akrasia as a conflict between our intentions and our actions. (心理学家将akrasia描述为我们的意图和行动之间的冲突)”可知，akrasia主要指的是我们的意图和实际行动之间的冲突。故选D项。 6．推理判断题。根据“The Pull of the Present”部分中“According to psychologist George Ainslie, people naturally overvalue short-term rewards and undervalue long-term ones, a process known as hyperbolic discounting. (根据心理学家George Ainslie的说法，人们自然会高估短期奖励而低估长期奖励，这一过程被称为双曲线贴现)”可知，人们往往会高估短期奖励而低估长期奖励，因此，空处内容应该与人们更倾向于选择短期奖励的行为有关。选项C“we choose to watch one more episode even when we have an essay to complete (即使我们有一篇论文要完成，我们还是选择再看一集)”可知，即使有论文要完成，人们还是选择再看一集，这体现了人们更倾向于选择短期奖励的行为，符合这一逻辑。故选C项。 7．推理判断题。根据“Inside the Mind: Reason vs. Desire”部分中“Economists go further: revealed-preference theory suggests that behavior itself — what we actually do — reveals our true values more clearly than our words. (经济学家更进一步：显示偏好理论表明，行为本身——我们实际所做的——比我们的言语更能清楚地揭示我们的真正价值观)”可知，经经济学家认为实际行为比语言更能反映真实价值观，即真正的价值观更多体现在选择中而非宣称中。故选C项。 C 【来源】上海市上进才中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 Children who don’t read proficiently (熟练地) by the end of the third grade are far more likely to be left behind in many ways. The first thing to know about early literacy is that it is critically important; the next is that it connects to a whole lot of other conditions and challenges. But the best thing to know is that there are solutions to the problem of poor reading skills and some smart people working toward them. They could use your help. “It’s more than an education issue, more than a reading issue,” says Arianne Weldon, director of the Get Georgia Reading Campaign, a nonprofit organization founded in 2013. “Getting more kids to read takes more than good schools, more than great teachers, more than loving families. It really does take all of us working together.” Only 42 percent of Georgia public school children are now reading proficiently by the end of the third grade, according to 2019 Georgia Department of Education (DOE) figures — not a great number, but an improvement over the 37 percent recorded in 2015 and lower scores prior to that. Weldon says children not in that proficiency group are four times more likely to drop out of high school and, further, that every student who doesn’t finish represents an estimated $260,000 in lost earnings and productivity. “By the end of the third grade,” says Mindy Binderman, executive director of Georgia Early Education Alliance for Ready Students, a nonprofit organization concerned with early learning, “if children are not reading at grade level, they are less likely to be successful in school, less likely to graduate on time, and more likely to engage in risky behavior. The third-grade reading marker is such an important indicator of all that comes later and, frankly, all that came before.” A key national study released by the Annie E. Casey Foundation in 2010 highlighted the reading problem, especially among students from low- income families; the following research has strengthened the relationship between poverty and both reading ability and failure to graduate from high school. Clearly, poverty plays a key role in children’s reading proficiency, influencing the schools they attend and the community resources they can make use of. Parents’ education level, especially mothers’, is a factor as well. “Maternal education and maternal literacy are a huge predictor of child literacy and educational outcomes,” says Dana Rickman, vice president of the Georgia Partnership for Excellence in Education, established to promote and support education. “We’ve got a pretty high adult illiteracy rate in Georgia that a lot of people don’t like talking about.” Improving adult literacy eventually impacts children’s reading ability. 8．According to the passage, early literacy is important mainly because it________. A．indicates how well a child’s brain has been developing B．explains the reasons why a child drops out of high school C．tells whether a child may become successful as an adult D．reports the average educational level of a certain region 9．According to Arianne Weldon, what is the most possible consequence of poor reading skills? A．Entering schools with fewer resources. B．Suffering from serious mental disorders. C．Earning less than they otherwise would. D．Causing more risks in future life. 10．From what Dana Rickman says, we can infer that________. A．parents can predict their children’s early literacy based on their resources B．exposing children to reading tasks at an earlier age is part of family support C．illiteracy rate can be greatly reduced by upgrading children’s communities D．improving mothers’ education is useful for bettering children’s reading ability 11．If this passage has several remaining paragraphs, which of the following is the most probable topic they will cover? A．Why third grade is seen by experts as a critical period. B．How the government may improve parents’ education level. C．Why adult illiteracy rate is higher in Georgia than in other places. D．How poverty may influence a child’s future academic development. 【答案】8．C 9．C 10．D 11．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了早期读写能力的重要性，包括其与后续学业、人生发展的关联，影响因素(贫困、父母教育水平等)，以及改善读写能力的必要性等。 8．细节理解题。根据第五段“Weldon says children not in that proficiency group are four times more likely to drop out of high school and, further, that every student who doesn’t finish represents an estimated $260,000 in lost earnings and productivity. (韦尔登说，没有达到这一熟练程度的孩子在高中辍学的可能性是其他人的四倍，而且每个没有完成学业的学生估计会损失26万美元的收入和生产力)”可知，早期读写能力重要主要是因为它能说明孩子成年后是否可能成功。故选C。 9．细节理解题。根据第五段“Weldon says children not in that proficiency group are four times more likely to drop out of high school and, further, that every student who doesn’t finish represents an estimated $260,000 in lost earnings and productivity. (韦尔登说，没有达到这一熟练程度的孩子在高中辍学的可能性是其他人的四倍，而且每个没有完成学业的学生估计会损失26万美元的收入和生产力)”可知，韦尔登认为，阅读能力差最可能的后果是未来生活中收入比原本应得的少。故选C。 10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Parents’ education level, especially mothers’, is a factor as well. “Maternal education and maternal literacy are a huge predictor of child literacy and educational outcomes,” says Dana Rickman (父母的受教育水平，尤其是母亲的受教育水平，也是一个因素。达娜·里克曼说：“母亲的教育和读写能力是孩子读写能力和教育成果的重要预测因素。”)”以及“Improving adult literacy eventually impacts children’s reading ability. (提高成人的读写能力最终会影响孩子的阅读能力)”可知，我们可以推断出提高母亲的教育水平有助于提高孩子的阅读能力。故选D。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Parents’ education level, especially mothers’, is a factor as well. “Maternal education and maternal literacy are a huge predictor of child literacy and educational outcomes,” says Dana Rickman (父母的受教育水平，尤其是母亲的受教育水平，也是一个因素。达娜·里克曼说：“母亲的教育和读写能力是孩子读写能力和教育成果的重要预测因素。”)”以及“Improving adult literacy eventually impacts children’s reading ability. (提高成人的读写能力最终会影响孩子的阅读能力)”可知，文章最后聚焦于父母教育水平，尤其是母亲，与成人读写能力对孩子的影响，因此接下来最可能探讨如何提高父母的教育水平。故选B。 Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 【来源】上海市卢湾高级中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试卷 Tea in India If Indian tea delights those who get to drink the country’s finest tea, it frustrates all those who plant, pick and sell it. Government regulations have in recent years pushed up production costs to around 175 rupees ($2.70) per kilogram, well above average prices of 140 rupees, which makes large growers complain. 12 Marketers worry about whether young people around the world thirst for tea as their parents do. For now, tea remains the most popular drink in the world after water. Around 40% of global production of black tea comes from India. Many of the firms in the business can trace themselves to well before the 1940s. 13 That is due as much to declining exports as to rising domestic demand. Tea drinking in India has grown by less than 3% a year since 2012, and foreign sales have barely risen in 70 years. On the world scene India is behind Sri Lanka and Kenya, both relative newcomers. Governmental regulation, in the form of outdated rules, is mostly to blame for the industry’s worsening fortunes. Regulations from the 1950s have laid obligations onto owners of large tea plantations. They must provide their workers’ families with schools, health care, food, electricity and so on. Labor now accounts for around half of production costs, a figure which has grown by 12% a year over the past three years. 14 Over time, new processing techniques have raised output to 1.25m tons last year, but at the expense of quality. Tea leaves are now shredded (粉碎) into tiny bits, which generate lots of flavor but less of the subtlety (微妙之处) for which Indian tea has been prized abroad. 15 With much lower costs, given they carry none of the social obligations of large plantations, these small producers now make up nearly half the market, from barely nothing at the turn of the century. A．Their plan is in its early stages. B．Back then four out of five lots used to end up abroad; now the same proportion is drunk locally. C．Small-time growers have emerged, which further affects quality. D．Despite that, few workers make more than $2 a day on top of their housing cost and other benefits. E．Many would like to use their tea land for other purposes. F．Pickers complain about working conditions. 【答案】12．F 13．B 14．E 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕印度茶叶产业展开，分析了该产业面临的困境，包括生产成本上涨、出口下滑、品质受影响等，同时指出政府过时法规和小型种植者兴起是关键影响因素。 【详解】12．根据上文“Government regulations have in recent years pushed up production costs to around 175 rupees ($2.70) per kilogram, well above average prices of 140 rupees, which makes large growers complain. (近年来，政府法规已将生产成本推高至每公斤约 175 卢比（合 2.70 美元），远高于 140 卢比的平均价格，这让大型种植户怨声载道)”以及下文“Marketers worry about whether young people around the world thirst for tea as their parents do.(营销人员担心全球年轻人是否还像他们的父母那样爱喝茶)”可知，此空需延续“印度茶叶产业相关人群的不满”这一话题，与“大型种植者抱怨”形成并列。F选项“Pickers complain about working conditions.(采茶工抱怨工作条件)”中的“complain”呼应上文“large growers complain”，补充了产业中另一群体的困境，符合“种植、采摘、销售茶叶的人都感到沮丧”的核心语境，衔接自然。故选F项。 13．根据下文“That is due as much to declining exports as to rising domestic demand.(这既归因于出口下滑，也源于国内需求上升)”可知，此空需体现“出口减少、国内消费增加”的具体情况。B选项“Back then four out of five lots used to end up abroad; now the same proportion is drunk locally.(过去，五分之四的茶叶会销往国外；如今，同样比例的茶叶在国内被饮用)”通过古今对比，直观呈现出口与内销比例的变化，“four out of five lots”“the same proportion”精准呼应下文“declining exports”“rising domestic demand”，符合语境。故选B项。 14．根据上文“Regulations from the 1950s have laid obligations onto owners of large tea plantations. They must provide their workers’ families with schools, health care, food, electricity and so on. Labor now accounts for around half of production costs, a figure which has grown by 12% a year over the past three years.(20 世纪 50 年代的法规给大型茶园主设定了多项义务，他们必须为工人家属提供学校、医疗、食品、电力等物资。如今，劳动力成本约占生产成本的一半，这一数字在过去三年里每年增长 12%)”可知，此空需说明大型茶园主面临高成本和重义务后的应对想法。E选项“Many would like to use their tea land for other purposes.(许多人想把茶园用于其他用途)”承接上文“成本高、义务重”的困境，体现大型茶园主的转型意愿，符合逻辑。故选E项。 15．根据下文“With much lower costs, given they carry none of the social obligations of large plantations, these small producers now make up nearly half the market...(由于没有大型种植园的社会义务，这些小型生产者的成本低得多，如今已占据近一半的市场份额……)”可知，此空需引出“小型种植者”这一主体，并说明其对产业的影响。C选项“Small-time growers have emerged, which further affects quality.(小型种植者应运而生，这进一步影响了茶叶品质)”中的“Small-time growers”对应下文“these small producers”，“further affects quality”承接上文“茶叶品质下降”的话题，衔接自然，符合语境。故选C项。 17 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 综合训练15：阅读理解单选、阅读六选四组合练（V） （满分：60分，推荐用时：60分钟） 第一套 Section A Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A 【来源】上海交通大学附中2025-2026学年上学期摸底考试英语试题 Earlier this year I took a trip to England and France to go see some friends. It was a wonderful trip; I really loved it. But one thing that struck me was how different these cultures are from our own. I guess this would strike any traveler because that is the first thing you notice and it is what makes travel so exciting. Of course, these cultures are also similar to ours in many respects, but it’s the differences that really stand out. One of the things that struck me in particular was the different attitudes towards smoking. As you know, there’s a growing anti-smoking sentiment in Europe. However, when I went to England and France, I got a new perspective on this issue. People seem to smoke anywhere and everywhere, even though anti-smoking signs are all over public places. On the radio, I heard about a member of the World Cup soccer team who smoked. And people were actually saying, “Well, he should not be on the team because he’s a bad example for our children.” I think, if they want to look at bad examples for their children, they should just go out on the street, or go into the subways, or look in the mirror, even, because so many of them are smoking in very inappropriate places. I visited a restaurant buffet in London and saw an English woman scooping up the food with a lit cigarette in her hand. Smoke rising into the air. Actually, when I talked to English people later, they were pretty shocked too, and they said that smoking in a restaurant is rude even by British standards. This did not give me a bad impression of English people. It gave me, on the contrary, a positive feeling toward American smokers. There are a lot of American smokers who will proclaim their right to smoke whenever they want, but they will follow the rules, generally, because they have consideration for nonsmokers. So this experience in Europe gave me more of a respect for this kind of smoker. 1．What surprised the writer during his trip to England and France? A．The wonderful trip to England and France. B．Cultural differences that he noticed during his trip. C．Similarity between cultures stands out more than differences. D．Growing anti-smoking views in Europe. 2．What did the speaker find in England and France about the smoking issue? A．People discuss the smoking issue on the radio. B．Smokers are allowed to smoke anywhere and anytime. C．People are encouraged to smoke in inappropriate places. D．Many smokers pay no attention to the “No Smoking” signs. 3．The word “sentiment” in the second paragraph means ______. A．feeling B．movement C．offense D．regulation 4．What kind of smokers does the speaker respect? A．Those who are from America and Europe. B．Those who respect others’ feelings. C．Those who defend the right to smoke. D．Those who set rules of smoking in public places. B 【来源】上海市交通大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题 Care for a zoom-in observation of animals with no bars between you and the observed as opposed to ordinary zoos? Where to have close-up encounters with some of the world’s most rare animals?We are revealing for you: 1. Right whales, Bay of Fundy, Canada Northern right whales are on the brink of extinction, but survivors arrive in the Bay of Fundy each summer (May through October) to feed east of Grand Manan Island. They are recognized by a broad back and no dorsal fin, which distinguish them from other whales entering the bay. Planning: Whale-watching tours operate out of Digby Neck peninsula on Nova Scotia and nearby islands, such as Brier Island. St. Andrews. Grand Manan Island. and Deer Island. 2. Grizzly bears, Alaska Grizzlies like salmon. In mid-July and again in mid-August, grizzlies make for Alaskan rivers to hook out the fish with their formidable claws. The bears gather in large numbers at rapids and pools, sometimes fighting for the best sites. Brooks Falls in Katmai National Park, and Fish Creek, near Hyder, have viewing platforms. Planning: Most fishing sites are reached by chartered light aircraft and a hike. Hyder is off the Swart-Cassiar Highway. 3. Monarch butterflies, Sierra Chincua, Mexico Each fall, millions of North American monarch butterflies migrate thousands of miles to the oyalmel fir forests of the Transvolcanic Mountain Range, in the state of Mchoacdn. They flock intimately (closely) on tree trunks, bushes, and on the ground, fully showing their gregarious nature and occupy Sierra Chincua and four neighbouring hills that make up the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve. Planning: Chineua is one of two hills in the reserve open to the public from November through March .4. Komodo dragons, Komodo Island, Indonesia Landing on Komodo, you would feel like stepping back to a time when dinosaurs ruled the Earth, as park maps reported, “Here be dragons!” This mountainous volcanic island is home to the world’s largest living lizard—the Komodo dragon. Weighing 79 to 91 kg. the Komodo dragon has a tail as long as its body. You can hike to a viewpoint at Banugulung and watch as park rangers feed food to the lizards, some of which are more than 10 ft (3 m) long. Planning: Komodo is reached solely by boat from Bima (on eastern Sumbawa) or Labuan Bajo (on western Flores). 5. Wildebeest migration, Serengeti, Tanzania Undoubtedly the world’s most spectacular wildlife sight is the annual wildebeest migration, when 1. 4 million wildebeest and 200, 000 zebras and gazelles are on the move across the Serengeti plains. The animals are trekking to chase the clean water and fresh grass. Along the way, lions and hyenas stalk them, and crocodiles lie in wait. Planning: The herds migrate across Tanzania from December through July, and then pass through the Masai Mara in Kenya in August and September. 5．The underlined word gregarious is closest in meaning to ________________. A．being able to climb B．preferring group living C．migrating in small numbers D．moderate in temper 6．Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A．Right whales are distinguished from other whales by unique appearance features. B．Viewing spots for grizzly bears are accessible by air and on foot. C．Komodo Island is located east of Flores and West of Sumbawa D．Wildebeest herds travel to pursue favourable food conditions. 7．Li Hua is an adventurous visitor longing for closer look at animals. He is taking a gap year and doing voluntary work now in Indonesia. He will go back to China and further his study next fall. Which of the following will be the most reasonable wildlife-watching route after he finishes his voluntary work this winter? A．Alaska→Bay of Fundy→Sierra Chincua→Serengeti B．Serengeti→Alaska→Bay of Fundy→Sierra Chincua C．Bay of Fundy→Sierra Chincua→Serengeti→Alaska D．Sierra Chincua→Serengeti→Alaska→Bay of Fundy C 【来源】上海市七宝中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期末考试英语试卷 ‘Hungry gene’ linked to obesity present in dogs and humans Ever wondered why some dogs are always hungry, however much you feed them? Well, we may be close to getting an answer. In a new study, scientists pinpointed several genes linked to obesity (condition of being fat in a way that is unhealthy) in dogs — genes that dogs share with humans. The findings suggest man’s best friend could help future researchers unlock new insights into weight gain and complex diseases. Though environmental factors such as ultra-processed foods are often blamed for rising rates of obesity, scientists emphasize the condition has complex biological causes, including genetics. “If you’re unlucky enough to get genes that make you prone to obesity, they appear as greater appetite, making it harder to resist those drives to overeat,” Dr Eleanor Raffan, the lead academic on the study, told BBC Science Focus. “In contrast, slim people just don’t need to exert as much willpower to keep at a healthy weight.” To see if obesity was also hereditary (遗传的) in dogs, the scientists looked at the genes of 241 labrador retrievers — a breed particularly prone to obesity. When compared with humans, the gene DENND1B, which plays a key role in how our cells process energy, emerged as a particularly strong genetic link between human and canine (犬的) obesity. As well as offering scientists a new model to understand human disease, this research could also help us take better care of our dogs. Until now the genetic basis of canine obesity hasn’t been widely studied. “Our results underscore the importance of encouraging exercise and limiting food intake for our dogs,” said Raffan. “Our data shows that it’s much harder to control food intake in the dogs with genes that put them at a high risk of obesity. That should change how we address canine obesity: we need to target owners of high-risk dogs and offer them support on effective management, rather than blaming them.” 8．What does the new study find about obesity? A．Environmental factors are to blame for obesity. B．Dogs are always hungry however much they eat. C．Genetic causes can result in the obesity of dogs. D．Man’s obesity offers new insight into dogs’ disease. 9．Dr Eleanor Raffan probably agrees that ______. A．slim people aren’t morally superior in controlling weight B．people have equal willpower to maintain healthy weight C．environmental factors should be excluded from the study D．obese people are blessed with the resistance to overeating 10．Which of the following is true about gene DENND1B? A．It is unique to obese human beings. B．It enables dogs to go on a healthy diet. C．It emerged after man had tamed dogs. D．It impacts dynamics of energy intake. 11．We can treat the problem of overweight dogs by ______. A．highlighting the importance of modifying dogs’ genes B．aiding owners with the high-risk dogs’ exercise and diet C．targeting high-risk dogs with medical and legal support D．blaming dog owners for inadequate management of pets Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 The Science of Measuring Time Caesium is a soft, silvery-gold metal that becomes liquid when stored in a warm room. It is mostly found in mineral deposits near a small lake in central Canada. 12 But do you know that caesium is also the metronome (节拍器) of the world, the ultimate source of all modern time? For a thousand years, phenomena in the sky were our timekeepers and calendars. Prehistoric tombs and monuments around the world are in line with the sunrise on the solstice (至日). We knew time passed because we saw things change. The Sun rose, seasons turned. 13 A second was defined as a fraction of the solar year. But in 1967, at the 13th General Conference on Weights and Measures in Paris, the second was redefined according to rhythmic shaking of the caesium atom. Caesium atoms, when excited by just the right frequency, resonate like a wine glass shattered by an opera singer. By measuring this frequency, we measure time. Atoms make for handy clockwork: they have no moving parts, don’t wear out, and are attractively standard. 14 And they tick very fast. Half a century before the first accurate caesium clock measurement, some physicists suspected they had gone as far as they could with world-changing theories. However, modern day timekeeping have been and are being improved by about ten times per decade. The most advanced atomic clocks now are so precise that they would lose less than a second over the entire age of the universe. 15 It is not out of obsession, but because the more accurately we measure time, the more clearly we can observe reality. In the future, clocks may not just tell time; they may help rewrite the laws of time itself too. A．And yet, the pursuit for greater precision continues. B．Time probably does not even exist in the world, but rather in people’s projection. C．As late as the mid-20th century, our time remained tied to the Sun. D．Its main commercial use is in drilling fluids for petroleum exploration. E．Ever since, timekeeping has become the domain of physicists. F．While sunlight and pendulums (钟摆) vary, every caesium atom is identical to any other. 第二套 Section A Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A 【来源】上海市格致中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试卷 I used to spend a lot of time worrying about how other people judged me. Did I say too much? Too little? Was I too intense, or not fun enough? These thoughts often distracted me, especially in meetings or social events. I had a whole inner self-talk going on in my head. Every facial expression and comment from others seemed full of hidden meaning. I would polish these “truths” about myself like shiny little stones and carry them around. It was exhausting. But research shows that most people are not really thinking about us. In fact, studies have found that about 78% of conversations are people talking about themselves. The main function of conversation, researchers said, is to let the speakers share information about who they are. Later studies confirmed this pattern. Psychologists found that we use our own experiences as an anchor when judging others. For example, if crowds make you uncomfortable, you might assume someone else disliked a big party — when in fact, they may have loved it. Brain imaging has also shown that the “default network” of our brain lights up when we are at rest, and it is the same area that activates when we think about ourselves. In other words, our mind’s natural state is self-focus. So when I worry that people think I’m too intense, who is really thinking that? Me. The truth is, we have no idea what others are actually thinking, and we never will. Most likely, they are busy wondering what others think about them. I’m just a blip on the radar of their thoughts. This doesn’t mean people will never judge or say harsh things. But often, their judgments aren’t truly about us. People are frequently the most critical of qualities in others that they feel insecure about in themselves. The freedom comes when we stop internalizing others’ words and start asking, “What does this reveal about them?” Realizing that most people’s thoughts center on themselves is incredibly liberating. 1．What was the writer mainly concerned about in the beginning? A．Why social events were often exhausting. B．Why people were speaking to themselves. C．How his words and behaviour were perceived. D．How well people remembered his achievements. 2．What do later studies suggest about people’s judgement of others? A．They pay attention to others’ feedback. B．They rely mainly on logic and evidence. C．They often draw on personal experience. D．They enjoy guessing others’ likes and dislikes. 3．What does the phrase “a blip” (paragraph 4) most probably mean? A．Something small and unimportant. B．A major event that is well recorded. C．Something that attracts most people. D．A common topic people like to discuss. 4．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．The Danger of Self-Focused Thinking B．No One Is Really Thinking About You C．Finding Freedom from Constant Self-Judgment D．Why We Worry Too Much About Others’ Opinions B 【来源】上海市曹杨中学2025-2026学年学年高三上学期期中英语试卷 Why Do We Do Things That Are Bad for Us? Ancient Puzzle More than two thousand years ago, Greek philosophers such as Socrates and Aristotle debated a question that still feels modern: Why do people act against what they believe is best? They called this phenomenon akrasia — a failure of self-control in the face of temptation. While Socrates argued that truly knowing the good would make wrongdoing impossible, Aristotle observed that human desire often weakens our judgment, turning clear thinking into hesitation and regret. Inside the Mind: Reason vs. Desire Modern research continues that dialogue. Richard Holton, a philosopher at Cambridge University, notes that we often choose what we don’t consider best: “It may feel idealistic,” he said, “but we constantly decide to do things we judge to be unwise.” ●Psychologists describe akrasia as a conflict between our intentions and our actions. ●Economists go further: revealed-preference theory suggests that behavior itself — what we actually do — reveals our true values more clearly than our words. The Pull of the Present According to psychologist George Ainslie, people naturally overvalue short-term rewards and undervalue long-term ones, a process known as hyperbolic discounting. That is why________.      Survey Insight: 73% of adults admit that their daily choices often conflict with their long-term goals. The Power of Environment Philosopher and researcher Kalis argues that our surroundings — not just our willpower — shape self-control. Adjusting one's environment may help resist temptation more effectively than simply “trying harder.” Leaving the phone outside the bedroom or scheduling exercise with a friend are examples of commitment devices — practical ways to prevent sudden shifts in behavior. Turning Desire into Action Studies show that goals are achieved more often when we set a specific plan rather than vague intentions. Psychologist Peter Gollwitzer calls this an implementation intention: “If I finish my work, then I’ll watch one episode” This method helps translate intention into behavior, reducing the mental space for excuses. Still, two conflicting intentions cannot coexist for long; one will eventually guide our action. 5．What does the term akrasia mainly refer to? A．moment of hesitation before making a moral choice. B．A sudden change caused by strong emotional pressure. C．loss of the ability to judge right from wrong. D．A conflict between what we intend and what we actually do. 6．Which of the following best fits the blank numbered “__________”? A．we reward ourselves with a short break after finishing our homework on time B．we carefully make a long-term study plan and follow it without any hesitation C．we choose to watch one more episode even when we have an essay to complete D．we turn off our phones to avoid any potential distraction while studying for exams 7．What can be inferred from the ideas discussed in the passage? A．Long-term goals seldom change with emotion. B．Self-control comes mainly from talent, not planning. C．True values are reflected more in choices than in claims. D．Philosophers once thought knowledge guaranteed virtue. C 【来源】上海市上进才中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题 Children who don’t read proficiently (熟练地) by the end of the third grade are far more likely to be left behind in many ways. The first thing to know about early literacy is that it is critically important; the next is that it connects to a whole lot of other conditions and challenges. But the best thing to know is that there are solutions to the problem of poor reading skills and some smart people working toward them. They could use your help. “It’s more than an education issue, more than a reading issue,” says Arianne Weldon, director of the Get Georgia Reading Campaign, a nonprofit organization founded in 2013. “Getting more kids to read takes more than good schools, more than great teachers, more than loving families. It really does take all of us working together.” Only 42 percent of Georgia public school children are now reading proficiently by the end of the third grade, according to 2019 Georgia Department of Education (DOE) figures — not a great number, but an improvement over the 37 percent recorded in 2015 and lower scores prior to that. Weldon says children not in that proficiency group are four times more likely to drop out of high school and, further, that every student who doesn’t finish represents an estimated $260,000 in lost earnings and productivity. “By the end of the third grade,” says Mindy Binderman, executive director of Georgia Early Education Alliance for Ready Students, a nonprofit organization concerned with early learning, “if children are not reading at grade level, they are less likely to be successful in school, less likely to graduate on time, and more likely to engage in risky behavior. The third-grade reading marker is such an important indicator of all that comes later and, frankly, all that came before.” A key national study released by the Annie E. Casey Foundation in 2010 highlighted the reading problem, especially among students from low- income families; the following research has strengthened the relationship between poverty and both reading ability and failure to graduate from high school. Clearly, poverty plays a key role in children’s reading proficiency, influencing the schools they attend and the community resources they can make use of. Parents’ education level, especially mothers’, is a factor as well. “Maternal education and maternal literacy are a huge predictor of child literacy and educational outcomes,” says Dana Rickman, vice president of the Georgia Partnership for Excellence in Education, established to promote and support education. “We’ve got a pretty high adult illiteracy rate in Georgia that a lot of people don’t like talking about.” Improving adult literacy eventually impacts children’s reading ability. 8．According to the passage, early literacy is important mainly because it________. A．indicates how well a child’s brain has been developing B．explains the reasons why a child drops out of high school C．tells whether a child may become successful as an adult D．reports the average educational level of a certain region 9．According to Arianne Weldon, what is the most possible consequence of poor reading skills? A．Entering schools with fewer resources. B．Suffering from serious mental disorders. C．Earning less than they otherwise would. D．Causing more risks in future life. 10．From what Dana Rickman says, we can infer that________. A．parents can predict their children’s early literacy based on their resources B．exposing children to reading tasks at an earlier age is part of family support C．illiteracy rate can be greatly reduced by upgrading children’s communities D．improving mothers’ education is useful for bettering children’s reading ability 11．If this passage has several remaining paragraphs, which of the following is the most probable topic they will cover? A．Why third grade is seen by experts as a critical period. B．How the government may improve parents’ education level. C．Why adult illiteracy rate is higher in Georgia than in other places. D．How poverty may influence a child’s future academic development. Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 【来源】上海市卢湾高级中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试卷 Tea in India If Indian tea delights those who get to drink the country’s finest tea, it frustrates all those who plant, pick and sell it. Government regulations have in recent years pushed up production costs to around 175 rupees ($2.70) per kilogram, well above average prices of 140 rupees, which makes large growers complain. 12 Marketers worry about whether young people around the world thirst for tea as their parents do. For now, tea remains the most popular drink in the world after water. Around 40% of global production of black tea comes from India. Many of the firms in the business can trace themselves to well before the 1940s. 13 That is due as much to declining exports as to rising domestic demand. Tea drinking in India has grown by less than 3% a year since 2012, and foreign sales have barely risen in 70 years. On the world scene India is behind Sri Lanka and Kenya, both relative newcomers. Governmental regulation, in the form of outdated rules, is mostly to blame for the industry’s worsening fortunes. Regulations from the 1950s have laid obligations onto owners of large tea plantations. They must provide their workers’ families with schools, health care, food, electricity and so on. Labor now accounts for around half of production costs, a figure which has grown by 12% a year over the past three years. 14 Over time, new processing techniques have raised output to 1.25m tons last year, but at the expense of quality. Tea leaves are now shredded (粉碎) into tiny bits, which generate lots of flavor but less of the subtlety (微妙之处) for which Indian tea has been prized abroad. 15 With much lower costs, given they carry none of the social obligations of large plantations, these small producers now make up nearly half the market, from barely nothing at the turn of the century. A．Their plan is in its early stages. B．Back then four out of five lots used to end up abroad; now the same proportion is drunk locally. C．Small-time growers have emerged, which further affects quality. D．Despite that, few workers make more than $2 a day on top of their housing cost and other benefits. E．Many would like to use their tea land for other purposes. F．Pickers complain about working conditions. 17 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $