综训10 GVC-语法、词汇、完形组合练（V）（综合训练）（上海专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 整合语法、词汇、完形三大题型，通过名校模拟题构建“基础-支撑-综合”的语言能力训练体系，提升语篇理解与表达能力及逻辑思维。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法填空|2篇（珊瑚培养/AI与就业）|考查动词形式、连词等语法知识，需结合语境运用语法规则|从基础语法规则到语篇语境中的语法应用，体现“形式-意义-使用”的语言能力逻辑| |词汇填空|2篇（人生职业/加州野火）|聚焦词义辨析与语境匹配，需通过上下文逻辑选择恰当词汇|以词汇为支撑，连接语法与语篇，构建“词汇-语义-语篇”的意义表达链条| |完形填空|2篇（动物实验/导航能力）|考查语篇逻辑与词汇运用，需综合上下文信息推断最佳选项|整合语法与词汇知识，培养基于语篇的分析、推断能力，体现语言能力的综合运用|

综训10：GVC -语法、词汇、完形组合练 （满分：70分，推荐用时：60分钟） 第一套 A 【来源】上海市杨浦区控江中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月测评英语试卷 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, used one word that best fits each blank. Coral Cultures Studying corals usually requires either observing them alive in the ocean or examining their dead tissue in a laboratory. But new research offers a way to keep all coral cell types alive in a lab cultures for two weeks or 1 (long), opening novel experimental possibilities. The cells of cnidarians (a group that includes corals and sea anemones) are notoriously difficult 2 (culture). These cells 3 (easily damage) during extraction, and corals also have complex microbiomes (微生物群) that are tricky to wipe out with antibiotics. But 4 left alive, the microbes often take over cell cultures. Many cnidarians are both endangered and critical for marine ecosystem health. “We need to do more than just document 5 death,” says University of Miami marine biologist Nikki Traylor-Knowles, who is senior author on a new study in Scientific Reports. In it, her team details how to reduce a coral to its constituent cells and then grow them all together — like 6 (cultivate) the animal on a plate. The researchers made slight changes to a standard growth medium (made of seawater, chemicals and antibiotics) to reach optimal formulas for two different cnidarian species. These formulas let all the 7 (test) species’ cell types grow at once, without microbes or extraneous (无关的) tissues. The new methodology will bring unparalleled visibility into how cell types interact, Traylor-Knowles says, and it will allow for higher-volume experiments without raising or killing whole animals. Scientists do not yet understand all cnidarian cell types, 8 their functions. These cultures could show how different cells respond to stressors, 9 types are most vulnerable to health failures, and possibly where cnidarians get their impressive regenerative abilities. The study is groundbreaking, says molecular biologist Juris Grasis of the University of California, Merced, who was not involved with the paper but also studies cnidarians. He says he was “jealous as hell” when he saw the result. Some cell populations survived for as long as 30 days, he notes, 10 implies the possibility of scaling up cell reproduction for future research. Next up, Grasis says: “How do we translate this back into the field and make corals healthy again?” 【答案】 1．longer 2．to culture 3．are easily damaged 4．if 5．their 6．cultivating 7．tested 8．nor 9．which 10．which 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了一项突破性的科学研究，该研究成功地在实验室中培养出了所有类型的珊瑚细胞，为海洋生物学研究开辟了新的可能性。 1．考查形容词比较级。句意：但新的研究提供了一种方法，可以在实验室培养中让所有珊瑚细胞类型存活两周或更长时间，从而开启新的实验可能性。根据“keep all coral cell types alive”及“two weeks or”可知，此处表示“更长的时间”，应用形容词比较级longer。故填longer。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：众所周知，刺胞动物(包括珊瑚和海葵的一类生物)的细胞难以培养。be difficult to do sth.是固定结构，意为“做某事有困难”，此处用动词不定式的主动形式to culture表达被动含义。故填to culture。 3．考查动词时态语态。句意：这些细胞在提取过程中很容易受损，而且珊瑚还有复杂的微生物群，用抗生素很难清除。根据“are”及“have”可知，此处描述客观事实，cells与damage是动宾关系，主语cells是复数，应用一般现在时的被动语态are easily damaged。故填are easily damaged。 4．考查连词。句意：但如果让它们存活下来，微生物往往会接管细胞培养。根据“left alive”及“take over cell cultures”可知，此处表条件，应用连词if，引导状语从句，且从句省略主语和be动词，完整形式为“if they are left alive”。故填if。 5．考查代词。句意：迈阿密大学的海洋生物学家Nikki Traylor-Knowles说：“我们需要做的不仅仅是记录它们的死亡。”此处指代前文提到的Many cnidarians，修饰名词death，应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：在这项研究中，她的团队详细介绍了如何将珊瑚分解成其组成细胞，然后将它们全部培养在一起，就像在培养皿中培养动物一样。根据空前介词like可知，应用动名词cultivating，作宾语。故填cultivating。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些配方让所有被测试物种的细胞类型同时生长，没有微生物或无关组织。species与test是动宾关系，此空应是过去分词tested作定语，表示“被测试的”。故填tested。 8．考查连词。句意：科学家们还不了解所有的刺胞动物细胞类型，也不了解它们的功能。空处表示“也不”，应用连词nor。故填nor。 9．考查宾语从句。句意：这些培养物可以显示不同的细胞如何对应激源做出反应，哪些类型最容易受到健康问题的影响，以及刺胞动物可能从哪里获得其令人惊叹的再生能力。此处引导宾语从句，且空处在从句中作定语修饰名词types，表示“哪些”，上文限定了范围“all cnidarian cell types”，应用which。故填which。 10．考查定语从句。句意：他指出，一些细胞群存活了长达30天，这意味着有可能为未来的研究扩大细胞繁殖。此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 B 【来源】2025届上海市普陀区高三上学期一模考试英语试题 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．accents     B．acquire       C． boundaries    D．fulfill      E. guidelines     F. liberally G. precisely    H. priority       I. prospect      J. schedule     K. suspect Find Your Life’s Work Everyone has their own life values. You wonder what your vocation is and where you could successfully 11 your potential? Here are some tips. ● Turn Passion into Profit Do not 12 this statement: find something you like and you won’t have to work a day. There is no better 13 than getting good money for your hobby. So, think about what you really like to do even for free. Even if you only love to play online games and taste delicious food, you can go for cooking or tasting, game development or go into e-sports, start a thematic blog—as you can see, there are a lot of options. ● Imagine an Ideal World Another way to understand what is most important to you is to reflect on what an ideal world should look like. Perhaps your purpose is 14 to bring the real world closer to this ideal image. Don’t limit yourself to 15 . Let go of fantasy and let yourself just dream. Write down any thoughts that come to mind. Pay attention to all the details and 16 , and then think about how to translate them into reality. ● Recall Your Best Moments To determine your top 17 , think about the moments in which you experienced the greatest joy. What has given you the most satisfaction in the past? Take a little time and remember all the times when you were sincerely glad. So, you will understand what your main 18 are at this stage of life. ● Create a Roadmap You’ve identified your goals. Now, develop a detailed plan, like drawing a map from your current life to your desired future. Find the best route from point A to point B．Think about what skills you need to 19 and what daily habits are worth adding to your life. The more specific points you put on the map, the easier it will be to 20 them and start moving towards your goal. 【答案】 11．D 12．K 13．I 14．G 15．C 16．A 17．H 18．E 19．B 20．J 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了如何找到自己毕生的事业，并给出了一些实用的建议。 11．考查动词。句意：你想知道你的职业是什么，以及你在哪里可以成功地发挥你的潜力？根据句意“发挥潜力”可知，空格处应填动词fulfill作谓语，意为“实现，发挥”，情态动词could后跟动词原形。故选D项。 12．考查动词。句意：不要怀疑这句话：找到你喜欢的事情，你就一天都不用工作。根据句意“怀疑”可知，空格处应填动词suspect作谓语，在祈使句中用动词原形。故选K项。 13．考查名词。句意：没有什么比从你的爱好中获得好报酬更好的前景了。根据句意“前景”可知，空格处应填名词prospect作主语，结合系词is可知，主语是单数名词或者不可数名词。故选I项。 14．考查副词。句意：也许你的目的就是正是把现实世界带得更接近这个理想形象。根据句意“正是”可知，空格处应填副词precisely修饰动词bring，作状语。故选G项。 15．考查名词。句意：不要把自己限制在界限内。根据句意“界限”可知，空格处应填名词boundary，且为可数名词，表“范围；界限”常用复数形式。故选C项。 16．考查名词。句意：注意所有的细节和口音，然后想想如何把它们变成现实。根据句意“口音”以及后文“translate them into reality”可知，用名词accent作宾语，考虑到在此语境下，accent在广义上也可以理解为某种“特点”或“特色”，且下文中有复数代词them，故此处用复数形式更为贴切。故选A项。 17．考查名词。句意：要确定你的首要任务，想想你经历最大快乐的时刻。根据句意“首要任务”可知，空格处应填名词priority作宾语，此处指你的首要任务，应用单数形式。故选H项。 18．考查名词。句意：所以，你会明白在这个阶段的生活中你的主要准则是什么。根据句意“准则”可知，空格处应填名词guideline作从句主语，可数名词，结合系动词are可知，主语复数名词。故选E项。 19．考查动词。句意：想想你需要获得什么技能，以及什么日常习惯值得添加到你的生活中。根据句意“获得”可知，空格处应填动词acquire，且need to do sth.为固定短语，用原形构成不定式作宾语。故选B项。 20．考查动词。句意：你在地图上标注的点越具体，就越容易把它们列入日程并开始朝着你的目标前进。根据句意“列入日程”可知，空格处应填动词schedule，用原形构成不定式短语。故选J项。 C 【来源】2026届上海市杨浦区复旦大学附属中学高三上学期模拟预测练习五英语试题 Is Animal Testing Defensible? YES Important differences between humans and animals mean animal testing is ethical (合乎道德的) if done properly. In fact, the benefits of conducting animal testing are so great that it would be wrong not to do it. Animals aren’t like people. With the possible 21 of higher mammals (哺乳动物), animals aren’t self-aware, don’t 22 consciousness or experience feelings like people do. That’s why it’s 23 when lions eat zebras, mantises kill their mates or when scientists use mice to test medicines. 24 any unnecessary suffering should be avoided. That’s why laws like the Animal Welfare Act strictly govern the treatment of the 26 million animals used in testing every year in the U. S. Nearly every medical breakthrough in the last 100 years has involved animal testing. Nothing can 25 the research value of using a living test subject. Would it be ethical to keep back 26 life-saving medicine from billions of people because 27 it would require animal testing? Scientific facts save us from making poor decisions 28 on the beliefs that animals behave like humans. The benefits of strictly regulated animal testing, however, are undeniable. Future generations will be thankful for the advantages they’ll enjoy as a result of animal testing today. NO “Ethical animal experimentation” is a 29 in terms. And even if it weren’t, the unnecessary suffering caused by this 30 regulated industry would still be unacceptable. Humans are member of the animal kingdom. Non-human animals also feel emotions such as joy, sadness and fear, just like humans do. Behaving as if people are more important than other animals is speciesism and no 31 for cruelty or exploitation. In the U.S. alone, chemical, drug, food and cosmetics experiments kill over 100 million animals every year! The Animal Welfare Act, meant to protect animals, does not 32 rats, mice, fish and birds, which account for about 95 percent of research animals. This enables what could be considered the torture of millions of animals. The benefits of animal experimentation are often 33 . Very little hard evidence has been linked to its supposed benefits upon closer 34 . On rare occasions when it has, the knowledge gained could have been obtained without the use of animals. Scientists have other avenues to obtain necessary data, two of which are lab-grown tissue and computer modeling. When future generations look back on the unnecessary way people treated research animals and for so little benefit — they’ll be 35 . 21．A．evolution B．exception C．reaction D．stimulation 22．A．recover B．raise C．possess D．contain 23．A．acceptable B．approachable C．available D．agreeable 24．A．Contrarily B．Instead C．Accordingly D．Regardless 25．A．replace B．deserve C．analyse D．restrict 26．A．optimistically B．potentially C．apparently D．physically 27．A．developing B．submitting C．preserving D．reforming 28．A．acted B．concentrated C．reflected D．based 29．A．contradiction B．qualification C．discrimination D．confusion 30．A．strictly B．randomly C．poorly D．emotionally 31．A．demand B．excuse C．guarantee D．doubt 32．A．relate to B．prefer to C．attach to D．apply to 33．A．overstated B．underestimated C．undervalued D．overloaded 34．A．discussion B．cooperation C．competition D．inspection 35．A．grateful B．horrified C．generous D．flexible 【答案】 21．B 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．A 26．B 27．A 28．D 29．A 30．C 31．B 32．D 33．A 34．D 35．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章围绕“动物实验是否合理”展开辩论：支持方认为规范实验有益，动物与人类不同且推动医学突破；反对方称其矛盾，动物有情感，行业监管差且益处被夸大。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了可能存在的某些高等哺乳动物外，其他动物都没有自我意识，也没有像人类那样的认知能力和情感体验。A. evolution进化论；B. exception例外；C. reaction反应；D. stimulation刺激。根据后文“of higher mammals, animals aren’t self-aware”可知，其他动物都没有自我意识，除了可能存在的某些高等哺乳动物之外。故选B。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了可能存在的某些高等哺乳动物外，其他动物都没有自我意识，也没有像人类那样的认知能力和情感体验。A. recover恢复；B. raise筹集；C. possess拥有；D. contain包含。根据后文“consciousness or experience feelings like people do”指动物不像人，拥有认知能力和情感体验。故选C。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么狮子吃斑马、螳螂杀死自己的配偶，或者科学家用老鼠来测试药物这些行为是可以被接受的。A. acceptable可接受的；B. approachable亲切友善的；C. available可获得的；D. agreeable愉悦的。前文“Animals aren’t like people.”提动物与人类不同，因此“狮子吃斑马、科学家用老鼠做实验”是“可接受的”，故选A。 24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：无论如何，都应避免任何不必要的痛苦。A. Contrarily反之；B. Instead相反；C. Accordingly相应地；D. Regardless不管，无论如何。衔接前文“实验可接受”与后文“需规范对待动物”用regardless，表让步。故选D。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：任何东西都无法取代使用活体实验对象所带来的研究价值。A. replace取代；B. deserve值得；C. analyse分析；D. restrict限制。根据后文“the research value of using a living test subject”可知，没有什么能替代活体实验对象的研究价值，强调活体实验的不可替代性，支撑“应进行动物实验” 的论点用动词replace。故选A。 26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果研发这种药物需要进行动物实验，那么就因为这一原因而拒绝向数十亿人提供可能挽救生命的药物，这是否符合道德规范呢？A. optimistically乐观地；B. potentially潜在地；C. apparently显然；D. physically身体上。根据后文“life-saving medicine from billions of people”可知，因需动物实验就阻止可能救命的药物惠及数十亿人，体现药物的潜在价值。potentially副词修饰life-saving，符合语境。故选B。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果研发这种药物需要进行动物实验，那么就因为这一原因而拒绝向数十亿人提供可能挽救生命的药物，这是否符合道德规范呢？A. developing发展；B. submitting提交；C. preserving保留；D. reforming改造。根据上文“life-saving medicine from billions of people because”以及后文it指代medicine，可知是指研发药物，用develop。故选A。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学事实使我们避免了因基于“动物的行为与人类相似”这一观点而做出错误的判断。A. acted行动；B. concentrated集中；C. reflected反思；D. based基于。根据后文“on the beliefs that animals behave like humans”可知，科学事实使我们避免了因基于“动物的行为与人类相似”这一观点而做出错误的判断，based on表示“基于……”，故选D。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“伦理动物实验”这种说法本身就是自相矛盾的。A. contradiction矛盾；B. qualification资格；C. discrimination歧视；D. confusion困惑。根据后文“Humans are member of the animal kingdom. Non-human animals also feel emotions such as joy, sadness and fear, just like humans do.(人类属于动物界的一员。非人类的动物也会有诸如喜悦、悲伤和恐惧等情感，就如同人类一样)”可知，此处是反对的理由，指出“伦理动物实验”这种说法本身就是自相矛盾的，“contradiction”（矛盾）直接否定“动物实验伦理”的观点。故选A。 30．考查副词词义辨析。句意：即便不是这样，这个监管不力的行业所造成的不必要的痛苦也是无法被接受的。A. strictly严格地；B. randomly随机地；C. poorly不充分地，拙劣地；D. emotionally感情上。根据后文“regulated industry would still be unacceptable”可知，体现动物实验行业监管缺失，支撑反对观点，副词poorly符合语境。故选C。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果人们的行为表现得好像人类比其他动物更重要，那就是种族主义的表现，这种行为绝不是对残忍行为或剥削行为的正当借口。A. demand要求；B. excuse借口；C. guarantee确保；D. doubt怀疑。根据上文“Behaving as if people are more important than other animals is speciesism and no”以及后文“for cruelty or exploitation”可知，认为人类比其他动物重要是物种歧视，不能成为残忍或剥削的借口。故选B。 32．考查动词短语辨析。句意：旨在保护动物的《动物福利法》并不适用于老鼠、小鼠、鱼类和鸟类，而这些动物约占实验动物总数的95%。A. relate to与……有关；B. prefer to偏爱；C. attach to附属于；D. apply to适用于。根据后文“rats, mice, fish and birds, which account for about 95 percent of research animals”指《动物福利法》并不适用于老鼠、小鼠、鱼类和鸟类，而它们占实验动物的95%。故选D。 33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：动物实验所带来的好处往往被夸大了。A. overstated夸张；B. underestimated低估，轻视；C. undervalued低估……的价值；D. overloaded超载。根据后文“Very little hard evidence has been linked to its supposed benefits”可知，其所谓的种种益处却几乎没有任何确凿的证据支持，即动物实验所带来的好处往往被夸大了。故选A。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过仔细审视，其所谓的种种益处却几乎没有任何确凿的证据支持。A. discussion讨论；B. cooperation合作；C. competition比赛；D. inspection检查，审视。根据后文“On rare occasions when it has, the knowledge gained could have been obtained without the use of animals.(在极少数情况下，即便使用了动物，所获得的知识也完全可以不通过动物来获取)”可知，仔细审视后，几乎没有确凿证据证明其所谓的益处，upon closer inspection表示“仔细审视后”。故选D。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当后代人们回顾起人们对待实验动物的那种毫无必要的做法，以及这种做法所带来的微不足道的益处时——他们一定会感到震惊的。A. grateful感激的；B. horrified害怕的，感到震惊的；C. generous慷慨的；D. flexible灵活的。根据上文“When future generations look back on the unnecessary way people treated research animals and for so little benefit”以及本部分主要反对动物实验，可知后代回顾人们不必要地对待实验动物的方式，会感到震惊，“horrified”（震惊的、恐惧的）体现对动物实验的否定态度。故选B。 A 第二套 【来源】上海市南洋模范中学2025-2026学年高三上学期初态考英语试卷 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why AI has not taken your job Almost every week the world takes another step in the direction of artificial general intelligence. In cities such as London and San Francisco, “How long do you reckon you have left in your job?” is a common topic of conversation. But is ChatGPT actually putting anyone out of work? Lots of experts claim that it is. Many point to a recent paper by Carl Benedikt Frey and Pedro Llanos-Paredes, both of the University of Oxford, 1 suggests a link between automation and declining demand for translators. At the same time, however, official American data suggest that the number of people employed in interpretation, translation and the like 2 (be) 7% higher than a year ago. 3 point to Klarna, a tech firm, which had boasted about using the tech to automate customer service. But the company is now undertaking an about-turn. “There will always be a human if you want,” its boss, has recently said. Others still search through economic data to find signs that AI 4 cause many people to lose their jobs in the future. One popular measure is the ratio of the unemployment rate between recent college graduates and the overall American average. Young graduates are now 5 (likely) than the average worker to be jobless. The explanation runs that they typically do entry-level jobs in knowledge-intensive industries- 6 7 making slides in a management consultancy. It is exactly this sort of task that AI can do well. So maybe the technology has eliminated these jobs? Well, no. The data simply do not line up 8 any possible mechanism. Young graduates’ “relative unemployment” started to rise in 2009, long before generative AI came along. And their actual unemployment rate, at around 6%, remains low. We examine American data on employment by occupation, singling out workers that are believed to be vulnerable to AI, including people in back-office support, financial operations and much more besides. There is a similar pattern here: we find no evidence of an AI hit. There are two 9 (compete) explanations for these trends. The first is that, 10 the endless announcements about how firms are integrating AI into their operations, few make much use of the technology for serious work. An official measure suggests that less than 10% of American companies employ it to produce goods and services. The second is that even when companies do adopt the tech, they do not let people go. AI may simply help workers do their jobs faster. 11 the explanation, for now there is no need to panic. 【答案】 1．which 2．is 3．Others 4．may/might 5．more likely 6．such as 7．with 8．competing 9．despite 10．Whatever 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文探讨AI是否会取代人类工作，指出虽有专家认为自动化冲击就业，但数据未显示AI导致失业，原因是企业应用有限或仅用其提升效率，目前无需恐慌。 【详解】1．考查非谓语动词。句意：许多人提到了由牛津大学的卡尔·贝内迪克特·弗雷和佩德罗·利纳索斯-帕雷德斯共同撰写的一篇近期论文，该论文指出自动化技术与翻译需求下降之间存在关联。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词paper，在从句作主语，指物，故填which。 2．考查主谓一致。句意：然而，与此同时，美国官方的数据表明，从事口译、笔译等相关工作的人员数量比一年前增加了7%。根据上文suggest可知为一般现在时，主语为the number，谓语用单数。故填is。 3．考查代词。句意：还有人提到了一家名为“克拉纳”的科技公司，该公司曾宣称利用相关技术实现了客户服务的自动化。作主语，表示“其他人”用others，首字母大写。故填Others。 4．考查情态动词。句意：还有一些人则通过研究经济数据来寻找迹象，以表明人工智能在未来可能会导致许多人失业。后跟动词原形，表示可能性用情态动词may或might。故填may/might。 5．考查比较级。句意：如今，年轻的毕业生失业的概率比普通劳动者还要高。根据后文than可知为比较级，likely前面加more。故填more likely。 6．考查固定短语。句意：其解释是，他们通常会在知识密集型行业从事初级工作，比如在管理咨询公司里制作演示文稿。后文举例说明，表示“比如”短语为such as。故填such as。 7．考查介词。句意：这些数据与任何可能的机制都不相符。短语line up with表示“与……一致”。故填with。 8．考查形容词。句意：对于这些趋势，有两种相互矛盾的解释。修饰名词explanations，作定语用形容词competing。故填competing。 9．考查介词。句意：首先，尽管有关企业如何将人工智能融入其运营过程的宣传铺天盖地，但很少有企业会将这项技术用于重要的工作。后面接名词短语，表示让步关系，用介词despite。故填despite。 10．考查状语从句。句意：不管是什么原因，目前还不必惊慌。引导让步状语从句，从句省略be动词，表示“无论什么”用whatever，首字母大写。故填Whatever。 B 【来源】2025届上海市高三下学期2月联考调研英语试题 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．fuel B．escape C． equivalents D．patterns E. wrestle F. contain G. promoting H. games I. rank J. forcing K. addressing California’s Growing Wildfire Crisis California’s wildfires have been fueled by increasingly dangerous conditions over the past two decades, creating a growing crisis. The recent Mountain Fire in Ventura County highlights this alarming trend. Over 10,000 residents were forced to 12 their homes as the fire quickly spread, injuring at least 10 people and leaving dozens of houses in ashes. In just two days, the blaze consumed over 20,000 acres, 13 Governor Gavin Newsom to declare a state of emergency. Experts point to a destructive “environmental recipe.” Before the fire, forecasters issued a rare Red Flag warning, cautioning that dry winds and low humidity could turn into 14 for fast-spreading wildfires. When the Mountain Fire erupted, strong Santa Ana winds carried embers (灰烬) far and wide, while vegetation from two unusually wet winters acted as ready 15 . As a result, the fire could escalate rapidly, leaving firefighters struggling to 16 it. Climate change has further shifted the landscape. Rising temperatures and prolonged droughts have made vegetation drier and more ignitable. At the same time, wetter winters have encouraged plant growth that later dries out, becoming kindling for fires. Fall and winter blazes, unlike their summer 17 , are driven by intense winds and lower humidity, making them harder to control. Many historical 18 show the severity of this trend. The Woolsey Fire in 2018 and the Thomas Fire in 2017, both occurring in winter, 19 among California’s most destructive. Additionally, more than half of the state’s largest fires have been recorded in the last decade, underscoring the role of climate change. As California continues to 20 with worsening wildfires, the stakes grow higher. Without 21 these environmental shifts, the battle against fire will become an even more difficult game of survival. 【答案】 12．B 13．J 14．H 15．A 16．F 17．C 18．D 19．I 20．E 21．K 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了加州日益严重的野火危机。 【详解】12．考查动词。句意：随着火势迅速蔓延，1万多名居民被迫逃离家园，至少10人受伤，数十座房屋化为灰烬。根据“their homes as the fire quickly spread, injuring at least 10 people and leaving dozens of houses in ashes”以及句意“逃离”可知应用动词escape，且上文为短语be forced to do sth.。故选B。 13．考查动词。句意：在短短两天内，大火烧毁了2万多英亩土地，迫使州长加文·纽森宣布进入紧急状态。根据“Governor Gavin Newsom to declare a state of emergency.”以及句意“迫使”可知应用动词force，此处用现在分词作状语。故选J。 14．考查名词。句意：火灾发生前，预报员发布了罕见的红旗警告，警告说干燥的风和低湿度可能会成为快速蔓延的野火的游戏。根据“for fast-spreading wildfires”以及句意“游戏”可知应用复数名词games，作宾语，故选H。 15．考查名词。句意：当山火爆发时，强烈的圣安娜风把余烬吹到很远的地方，而两个异常潮湿的冬天的植被则成为现成的燃料。根据“When the Mountain Fire erupted”以及句意“燃料”可知应用名词fuel，作宾语。故选A。 16．考查动词。句意：因此，火灾可能会迅速升级，让消防员难以控制火势。根据“the fire could escalate rapidly, leaving firefighters struggling to”以及句意“控制”可知应用动词contain，此处为不定式作宾语，故选F。 17．考查名词。句意：秋季和冬季的火灾与夏季的对应不同，它们是由强风和较低的湿度驱动的，这使得它们更难控制。根据“Fall and winter blazes, unlike their summer”以及句意“对应”可知应用复数名词equivalents，作宾语，故选C。 18．考查名词。句意：许多历史模式都表明了这一趋势的严重性。根据“show the severity of this trend”以及句意“模式”可知应用名词patterns，结合many可知为复数。故选D。 19．考查动词。句意：2018年的伍尔西大火和2017年的托马斯大火都发生在冬季，排名加州最具破坏性的火灾之一。根据“among California’s most destructive”以及句意“排名”可知应用动词rank，作谓语，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为The Woolsey Fire in 2018 and the Thomas Fire in 2017，谓语用原形。故选I。 20．考查动词。句意：随着加州继续与不断恶化的野火作斗争，风险越来越高。根据“with worsening wildfires, the stakes grow higher”以及句意“作斗争”可知应用动词wrestle，此处为不定式作宾语，故选E。 21．考查动词。句意：如果不解决这些环境变化，与火灾的斗争将成为一场更加艰难的生存游戏。根据“these environmental shifts”以及句意“解决”可知应用动名词addressing，作介词的宾语。故选K。 C 【来源】上海市格致中学2025-2026学年高三上学期第一次测验英语试卷 Like many of the researchers who study how people find their way from place to place, David Uttal is a poor navigator. The world is full of people like Uttal — and their 22 , the folks who always seem to know exactly where they are. Scientists sometimes measure navigational ability by asking someone to point toward an out-of-sight location — or, more 23 , to imagine they are someplace else and point in the direction of a third location — and it's obvious that some people are better at it than others. “People are never perfect, but someone can be as 24 as single-degree off, which is incredible,” says Nora Newcombe, a cognitive psychologist at Temple University, But others, when asked to indicate the target’s direction, seem to point at random. “They have literally no idea where it is. ” While it’s easy to show that people 25 in navigational ability, it has proved much harder for scientists to explain why. Research suggests that to some extent, navigation skills are shaped by 26 . The importance of a person’s environment is underscored by a recent look at the role of 27 in navigation. In 2020, Margherita Malanchini, a psychologist at Queen Mary University of London, and her colleagues compared the performance of more than 2,600 identical and nonidentical twins as they navigated through a virtual environment, to test whether navigational ability runs in families. It does, they found but only 28 . Instead, the biggest contributor to people's performance was what geneticists call “nonshared environmental factors” — that is, the 29 experiences each person accumulates as their life unfolds. 30 factors were also associated with wayfinding skills, they found. 31 , people from Nordic countries tended to be slightly better navigators. It is perhaps because the sport of cross-country running is 32 in those countries. Country folk did better, on average, than people from cities. And among city-dwellers, those from cities with 33 street networks such as those in the older parts of European cities did better than those from cities like Chicago, where the streets form a regular grid. Results like these suggest that an individual’s life experience may be one of the biggest determinants of how well they navigate. 34 , many even underlie one of the most consistent findings — and cliches — in navigation: that men tend to perform better than women turns out this gender gap is more a question of culture and experience than of 35 ability. Nordic countries, for example, where gender equality is greatest, show almost no difference in navigation. In contrast, men far outperform women in places where women face cultural 36 imposed on exploring their environment on their own, such as Middle Eastern countries. 22．A．opposites B．counterparts C．admirers D．rivals 23．A．systematic B．challenging C．surprising D．realistic 24．A．precise B．reliable C．responsible D．crucial 25．A．engage B．struggle C．develop D．differ 26．A．practice B．upbringing C．nature D．tradition 27．A．memory B．cognition C．behavior D．genetics 28．A．predictably B．gradually C．modestly D．mistakenly 29．A．concrete B．practical C．unique D．valuable 30．A．Political B．Ecological C．Economic D．Cultural 31．A．For example B．As such C．After all D．By contrast 32．A．recreational B．extreme C．popular D．competitive 33．A．narrow B．chaotic C．efficient D．extensive 34．A．Therefore B．Indeed C．However D．Otherwise 35．A．inborn B．intellectual C．spatial D．academic 36．A．identities B．expectations C．differences D．restrictions 【答案】 22．A 23．B 24．A 25．D 26．B 27．D 28．C 29．C 30．D 31．A 32．C 33．B 34．B 35．A 36．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了导航能力存在个体差异，且受成长环境、文化等多种非遗传因素影响。 【详解】22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：世界上有很多像乌塔尔这样的人——还有他们的对立面，那些似乎总是确切知道自己位置的人。A. opposites对立面；B. counterparts对应的人/物；C. admirers崇拜者；D. rivals对手。根据上文“David Uttal is a poor navigator.”和下文“the folks who always seem to know exactly where they are”可知，此处指两种截然相反的人。故选A。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：科学家有时通过让某人指向一个看不见的地方来测量导航能力——或者，更具挑战性的是，让他们想象自己在另一个地方，并指向第三个地方的方向——很明显，有些人在这方面比其他人更好。A. systematic系统的；B. challenging有挑战性的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. realistic现实的。根据下文“to imagine they are someplace else and point in the direction of a third location”可知，让某人想象自己在另一个地方，并指向第三个地方的方向，这是更具挑战性的测量导航能力的方式。故选B。 24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人从来都不是完美的，但有人可以精确到偏差只有一度，这令人难以置信。A. precise精确的；B. reliable可靠的；C. responsible负责的；D. crucial至关重要的。根据下文“as single-degree off, which is incredible”可知，此处指有人可以精确到偏差只有一度。故选A。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然很容易证明人们在导航能力上存在差异，但科学家们要解释为什么却要困难得多。A. engage参与；B. struggle挣扎；C. develop发展；D. differ不同。根据上文“But others, when asked to indicate the target’s direction, seem to point at random. “They have literally no idea where it is. ””可知，人们在导航能力上存在差异。故选D。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，在某种程度上，导航能力是由成长环境塑造的。A. practice练习；B. upbringing教养，成长环境；C. nature自然；D. tradition传统。根据下文“The importance of a person’s environment is underscored by a recent look at the role of ________ in navigation. ”可知，此处表示导航能力与成长环境有关。故选B。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近对基因在导航中作用的研究强调了一个人所处环境的重要性。A. memory记忆；B. cognition认知；C. behavior行为；D. genetics遗传学。根据下文“In 2020, Margherita Malanchini, a psychologist at Queen Mary University of London, and her colleagues compared the performance of more than 2,600 identical and nonidentical twins as they navigated through a virtual environment, to test whether navigational ability runs in families.”可知，研究双胞胎是为了测试导航能力是否在家族中遗传。故选D。 28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们发现确实如此，但只是适度相关。A. predictably可预测地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. modestly适度地；D. mistakenly错误地。根据下文“Instead, the biggest contributor to people’s performance was what geneticists call “nonshared environmental factors””可知，导航能力在家族中遗传只是适度相关。故选C。 29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，对人们表现的最大贡献是遗传学家所说的“非共享环境因素”，也就是说，每个人在生活中积累的独特经历。A. concrete具体的；B. practical实际的；C. unique独特的；D. valuable有价值的。根据上文“the biggest contributor to people’s performance was what geneticists call “nonshared environmental factors””可知，非共享环境因素指的是每个人在生活中积累的独特经历。故选C。 30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们发现，文化因素也与寻路技能有关。A. Political政治的；B. Ecological生态的；C. Economic经济的；D. Cultural文化的。根据下文“people from Nordic countries tended to be slightly better navigators”以及“that men tend to perform better than women turns out this gender gap is more a question of culture and experience than of ____ ability.”可知，文化因素与寻路技能有关。故选D。 31．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，北欧国家的人往往是稍微好一点的导航员。A. For example例如；B. As such就其本身而言；C. After all毕竟；D. By contrast相比之下。根据下文“people from Nordic countries tended to be slightly better navigators”可知，此处是在举例说明文化因素与寻路技能有关。故选A。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这可能是因为越野跑在这些国家很受欢迎。A. recreational娱乐的；B. extreme极端的；C. popular受欢迎的；D. competitive竞争的。根据上文“It is perhaps because the sport of cross-country running”以及语境可知，此处表示原因可能是越野跑在北欧国家很受欢迎。故选C。 33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在城市居民中，那些来自街道网络混乱的城市（如欧洲城市的老城区）的人比那些来自像芝加哥这样街道形成规则网格的城市的人表现得更好。A. narrow狭窄的；B. chaotic混乱的；C. efficient高效的；D. extensive广泛的。根据下文“such as those in the older parts of European cities did better than those from cities like Chicago, where the streets form a regular grid.”可知，此处是在对比欧洲城市老城区街道网络的混乱与芝加哥街道的规则网格。故选B。 34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，这些结果甚至可能构成导航领域一个最为一致、也最为陈词滥调的发现——即男性往往比女性表现更好——背后的原因；这一性别差距与其说是与生俱来的能力差异，不如说更多是文化和经验所致。A. Therefore因此；B. Indeed确实；C. However然而；D. Otherwise否则。根据下文“many even underlie one of the most consistent findings — and cliches — in navigation”可知，这是对上文“an individual’s life experience may be one of the biggest determinants of how well they navigate”的进一步说明，表示事实如此。故选B。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，许多甚至是一个在导航方面最一致的发现——以及陈词滥调——的基础：男性往往比女性表现得更好，结果发现，这种性别差距与其说是与生俱来的能力问题，不如说是文化和经验问题。A. inborn天生的；B. intellectual智力的；C. spatial空间的；D. academic学术的。根据上文“that men tend to perform better than women turns out this gender gap is more a question of culture and experience than”可知，性别差距不是天生的能力问题，而是文化和经验问题。故选A。 36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，在女性面临独自探索环境所受到的文化限制的地方，如中东国家，男性的表现远远好于女性。A. identities身份；B. expectations期待；C. differences差异；D. restrictions限制。根据下文“imposed on exploring their environment on their own”可知，此处指女性面临独自探索环境所受到的文化限制。故选D。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 综训10：GVC -语法、词汇、完形组合练 （满分：70分，推荐用时：60分钟） 第一套 A 【来源】上海市杨浦区控江中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月测评英语试卷 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, used one word that best fits each blank. Coral Cultures Studying corals usually requires either observing them alive in the ocean or examining their dead tissue in a laboratory. But new research offers a way to keep all coral cell types alive in a lab cultures for two weeks or 1 (long), opening novel experimental possibilities. The cells of cnidarians (a group that includes corals and sea anemones) are notoriously difficult 2 (culture). These cells 3 (easily damage) during extraction, and corals also have complex microbiomes (微生物群) that are tricky to wipe out with antibiotics. But 4 left alive, the microbes often take over cell cultures. Many cnidarians are both endangered and critical for marine ecosystem health. “We need to do more than just document 5 death,” says University of Miami marine biologist Nikki Traylor-Knowles, who is senior author on a new study in Scientific Reports. In it, her team details how to reduce a coral to its constituent cells and then grow them all together — like 6 (cultivate) the animal on a plate. The researchers made slight changes to a standard growth medium (made of seawater, chemicals and antibiotics) to reach optimal formulas for two different cnidarian species. These formulas let all the 7 (test) species’ cell types grow at once, without microbes or extraneous (无关的) tissues. The new methodology will bring unparalleled visibility into how cell types interact, Traylor-Knowles says, and it will allow for higher-volume experiments without raising or killing whole animals. Scientists do not yet understand all cnidarian cell types, 8 their functions. These cultures could show how different cells respond to stressors, 9 types are most vulnerable to health failures, and possibly where cnidarians get their impressive regenerative abilities. The study is groundbreaking, says molecular biologist Juris Grasis of the University of California, Merced, who was not involved with the paper but also studies cnidarians. He says he was “jealous as hell” when he saw the result. Some cell populations survived for as long as 30 days, he notes, 10 implies the possibility of scaling up cell reproduction for future research. Next up, Grasis says: “How do we translate this back into the field and make corals healthy again?” B 【来源】2025届上海市普陀区高三上学期一模考试英语试题 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．accents     B．acquire       C． boundaries    D．fulfill      E. guidelines     F. liberally G. precisely    H. priority       I. prospect      J. schedule     K. suspect Find Your Life’s Work Everyone has their own life values. You wonder what your vocation is and where you could successfully 11 your potential? Here are some tips. ● Turn Passion into Profit Do not 12 this statement: find something you like and you won’t have to work a day. There is no better 13 than getting good money for your hobby. So, think about what you really like to do even for free. Even if you only love to play online games and taste delicious food, you can go for cooking or tasting, game development or go into e-sports, start a thematic blog—as you can see, there are a lot of options. ● Imagine an Ideal World Another way to understand what is most important to you is to reflect on what an ideal world should look like. Perhaps your purpose is 14 to bring the real world closer to this ideal image. Don’t limit yourself to 15 . Let go of fantasy and let yourself just dream. Write down any thoughts that come to mind. Pay attention to all the details and 16 , and then think about how to translate them into reality. ● Recall Your Best Moments To determine your top 17 , think about the moments in which you experienced the greatest joy. What has given you the most satisfaction in the past? Take a little time and remember all the times when you were sincerely glad. So, you will understand what your main 18 are at this stage of life. ● Create a Roadmap You’ve identified your goals. Now, develop a detailed plan, like drawing a map from your current life to your desired future. Find the best route from point A to point B．Think about what skills you need to 19 and what daily habits are worth adding to your life. The more specific points you put on the map, the easier it will be to 20 them and start moving towards your goal. C 【来源】2026届上海市杨浦区复旦大学附属中学高三上学期模拟预测练习五英语试题 Is Animal Testing Defensible? YES Important differences between humans and animals mean animal testing is ethical (合乎道德的) if done properly. In fact, the benefits of conducting animal testing are so great that it would be wrong not to do it. Animals aren’t like people. With the possible 21 of higher mammals (哺乳动物), animals aren’t self-aware, don’t 22 consciousness or experience feelings like people do. That’s why it’s 23 when lions eat zebras, mantises kill their mates or when scientists use mice to test medicines. 24 any unnecessary suffering should be avoided. That’s why laws like the Animal Welfare Act strictly govern the treatment of the 26 million animals used in testing every year in the U. S. Nearly every medical breakthrough in the last 100 years has involved animal testing. Nothing can 25 the research value of using a living test subject. Would it be ethical to keep back 26 life-saving medicine from billions of people because 27 it would require animal testing? Scientific facts save us from making poor decisions 28 on the beliefs that animals behave like humans. The benefits of strictly regulated animal testing, however, are undeniable. Future generations will be thankful for the advantages they’ll enjoy as a result of animal testing today. NO “Ethical animal experimentation” is a 29 in terms. And even if it weren’t, the unnecessary suffering caused by this 30 regulated industry would still be unacceptable. Humans are member of the animal kingdom. Non-human animals also feel emotions such as joy, sadness and fear, just like humans do. Behaving as if people are more important than other animals is speciesism and no 31 for cruelty or exploitation. In the U.S. alone, chemical, drug, food and cosmetics experiments kill over 100 million animals every year! The Animal Welfare Act, meant to protect animals, does not 32 rats, mice, fish and birds, which account for about 95 percent of research animals. This enables what could be considered the torture of millions of animals. The benefits of animal experimentation are often 33 . Very little hard evidence has been linked to its supposed benefits upon closer 34 . On rare occasions when it has, the knowledge gained could have been obtained without the use of animals. Scientists have other avenues to obtain necessary data, two of which are lab-grown tissue and computer modeling. When future generations look back on the unnecessary way people treated research animals and for so little benefit — they’ll be 35 . 21．A．evolution B．exception C．reaction D．stimulation 22．A．recover B．raise C．possess D．contain 23．A．acceptable B．approachable C．available D．agreeable 24．A．Contrarily B．Instead C．Accordingly D．Regardless 25．A．replace B．deserve C．analyse D．restrict 26．A．optimistically B．potentially C．apparently D．physically 27．A．developing B．submitting C．preserving D．reforming 28．A．acted B．concentrated C．reflected D．based 29．A．contradiction B．qualification C．discrimination D．confusion 30．A．strictly B．randomly C．poorly D．emotionally 31．A．demand B．excuse C．guarantee D．doubt 32．A．relate to B．prefer to C．attach to D．apply to 33．A．overstated B．underestimated C．undervalued D．overloaded 34．A．discussion B．cooperation C．competition D．inspection 35．A．grateful B．horrified C．generous D．flexible A 第二套 【来源】上海市南洋模范中学2025-2026学年高三上学期初态考英语试卷 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why AI has not taken your job Almost every week the world takes another step in the direction of artificial general intelligence. In cities such as London and San Francisco, “How long do you reckon you have left in your job?” is a common topic of conversation. But is ChatGPT actually putting anyone out of work? Lots of experts claim that it is. Many point to a recent paper by Carl Benedikt Frey and Pedro Llanos-Paredes, both of the University of Oxford, 1 suggests a link between automation and declining demand for translators. At the same time, however, official American data suggest that the number of people employed in interpretation, translation and the like 2 (be) 7% higher than a year ago. 3 point to Klarna, a tech firm, which had boasted about using the tech to automate customer service. But the company is now undertaking an about-turn. “There will always be a human if you want,” its boss, has recently said. Others still search through economic data to find signs that AI 4 cause many people to lose their jobs in the future. One popular measure is the ratio of the unemployment rate between recent college graduates and the overall American average. Young graduates are now 5 (likely) than the average worker to be jobless. The explanation runs that they typically do entry-level jobs in knowledge-intensive industries- 6 7 making slides in a management consultancy. It is exactly this sort of task that AI can do well. So maybe the technology has eliminated these jobs? Well, no. The data simply do not line up 8 any possible mechanism. Young graduates’ “relative unemployment” started to rise in 2009, long before generative AI came along. And their actual unemployment rate, at around 6%, remains low. We examine American data on employment by occupation, singling out workers that are believed to be vulnerable to AI, including people in back-office support, financial operations and much more besides. There is a similar pattern here: we find no evidence of an AI hit. There are two 9 (compete) explanations for these trends. The first is that, 10 the endless announcements about how firms are integrating AI into their operations, few make much use of the technology for serious work. An official measure suggests that less than 10% of American companies employ it to produce goods and services. The second is that even when companies do adopt the tech, they do not let people go. AI may simply help workers do their jobs faster. 11 the explanation, for now there is no need to panic. B 【来源】2025届上海市高三下学期2月联考调研英语试题 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．fuel B．escape C． equivalents D．patterns E. wrestle F. contain G. promoting H. games I. rank J. forcing K. addressing California’s Growing Wildfire Crisis California’s wildfires have been fueled by increasingly dangerous conditions over the past two decades, creating a growing crisis. The recent Mountain Fire in Ventura County highlights this alarming trend. Over 10,000 residents were forced to 12 their homes as the fire quickly spread, injuring at least 10 people and leaving dozens of houses in ashes. In just two days, the blaze consumed over 20,000 acres, 13 Governor Gavin Newsom to declare a state of emergency. Experts point to a destructive “environmental recipe.” Before the fire, forecasters issued a rare Red Flag warning, cautioning that dry winds and low humidity could turn into 14 for fast-spreading wildfires. When the Mountain Fire erupted, strong Santa Ana winds carried embers (灰烬) far and wide, while vegetation from two unusually wet winters acted as ready 15 . As a result, the fire could escalate rapidly, leaving firefighters struggling to 16 it. Climate change has further shifted the landscape. Rising temperatures and prolonged droughts have made vegetation drier and more ignitable. At the same time, wetter winters have encouraged plant growth that later dries out, becoming kindling for fires. Fall and winter blazes, unlike their summer 17 , are driven by intense winds and lower humidity, making them harder to control. Many historical 18 show the severity of this trend. The Woolsey Fire in 2018 and the Thomas Fire in 2017, both occurring in winter, 19 among California’s most destructive. Additionally, more than half of the state’s largest fires have been recorded in the last decade, underscoring the role of climate change. As California continues to 20 with worsening wildfires, the stakes grow higher. Without 21 these environmental shifts, the battle against fire will become an even more difficult game of survival. C 【来源】上海市格致中学2025-2026学年高三上学期第一次测验英语试卷 Like many of the researchers who study how people find their way from place to place, David Uttal is a poor navigator. The world is full of people like Uttal — and their 22 , the folks who always seem to know exactly where they are. Scientists sometimes measure navigational ability by asking someone to point toward an out-of-sight location — or, more 23 , to imagine they are someplace else and point in the direction of a third location — and it's obvious that some people are better at it than others. “People are never perfect, but someone can be as 24 as single-degree off, which is incredible,” says Nora Newcombe, a cognitive psychologist at Temple University, But others, when asked to indicate the target’s direction, seem to point at random. “They have literally no idea where it is. ” While it’s easy to show that people 25 in navigational ability, it has proved much harder for scientists to explain why. Research suggests that to some extent, navigation skills are shaped by 26 . The importance of a person’s environment is underscored by a recent look at the role of 27 in navigation. In 2020, Margherita Malanchini, a psychologist at Queen Mary University of London, and her colleagues compared the performance of more than 2,600 identical and nonidentical twins as they navigated through a virtual environment, to test whether navigational ability runs in families. It does, they found but only 28 . Instead, the biggest contributor to people's performance was what geneticists call “nonshared environmental factors” — that is, the 29 experiences each person accumulates as their life unfolds. 30 factors were also associated with wayfinding skills, they found. 31 , people from Nordic countries tended to be slightly better navigators. It is perhaps because the sport of cross-country running is 32 in those countries. Country folk did better, on average, than people from cities. And among city-dwellers, those from cities with 33 street networks such as those in the older parts of European cities did better than those from cities like Chicago, where the streets form a regular grid. Results like these suggest that an individual’s life experience may be one of the biggest determinants of how well they navigate. 34 , many even underlie one of the most consistent findings — and cliches — in navigation: that men tend to perform better than women turns out this gender gap is more a question of culture and experience than of 35 ability. Nordic countries, for example, where gender equality is greatest, show almost no difference in navigation. In contrast, men far outperform women in places where women face cultural 36 imposed on exploring their environment on their own, such as Middle Eastern countries. 22．A．opposites B．counterparts C．admirers D．rivals 23．A．systematic B．challenging C．surprising D．realistic 24．A．precise B．reliable C．responsible D．crucial 25．A．engage B．struggle C．develop D．differ 26．A．practice B．upbringing C．nature D．tradition 27．A．memory B．cognition C．behavior D．genetics 28．A．predictably B．gradually C．modestly D．mistakenly 29．A．concrete B．practical C．unique D．valuable 30．A．Political B．Ecological C．Economic D．Cultural 31．A．For example B．As such C．After all D．By contrast 32．A．recreational B．extreme C．popular D．competitive 33．A．narrow B．chaotic C．efficient D．extensive 34．A．Therefore B．Indeed C．However D．Otherwise 35．A．inborn B．intellectual C．spatial D．academic 36．A．identities B．expectations C．differences D．restrictions 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $