综训09 GVC-语法、词汇、完形组合练（IV）（综合训练）（上海专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 聚焦语法、词汇、完形的跨题型整合训练，通过真实语篇考查语言知识应用与语篇逻辑分析，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法填空|2篇|提示词转换与自由填空，考查时态、从句等语法规则在语篇中的动态运用|从基础语法规则到语篇语境中的灵活应用，构建"规则-语境-表达"逻辑链| |词汇选择|2篇|方框选词，聚焦词义辨析与语境匹配，涉及动词、名词等核心词类|连接词汇积累与语篇语义连贯，形成"词汇认知-语境判断-语义整合"思维路径| |完形填空|2篇|篇章层面考查词汇辨析、逻辑衔接与主旨理解，话题涵盖科技、教育等|整合语篇结构分析与词汇运用，体现"局部信息-篇章逻辑-主旨把握"的递进关系|

综训09：GVC -语法、词汇、完形组合练 （满分：70分，推荐用时：60分钟） 第一套 A 【来源】上海市宜川中学2025-2026学年第二学期阶段练高三英语 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Write It Out Writers often need a fresh idea before they can begin. That is why writing prompts (提示) are useful. A prompt does not tell the whole story. Instead, it offers a starting point and allows the writer to decide what 1 (happen) next. There are no fixed rules, so each person can take the same idea in a different direction. One prompt can come from 2 as ordinary as the weather. Open a weather app, choose a random city, and check the forecast for the week. Then imagine that the exact opposite weather arrives. A town 3 (expect) sunshine may suddenly face snow, while one preparing for rain might wake to clear skies. How would people react? Another common prompt focuses on people under pressure. Imagine that a character 4 (ask) without warning to give a public speech. They may welcome the chance to speak, or they may feel deeply nervous. The writer can explore both the speech itself and the emotions 5 it. Some prompts introduce an element of fantasy. Picture a gardening hut 6 gives certain visitors special powers. Perhaps it only responds to kind people, or perhaps it rewards those with courage. The question is not only 7 powers will be granted, but how those powers change people. Other prompts encourage careful description. 8 (surround) by the smells, tastes, and sounds of a favorite meal, a character preparing and eating it can be brought vividly to life. The meal may matter 9 it reminds the character of home or of someone they love. Prompts can also create conflict or mystery. Two people return home together but refuse to speak to each other. Someone walks past an old school and suddenly faints. A roommate arrives with a completely unexpected pet. Each situation immediately raises questions that need 10 (answer). Good prompts do not limit imagination. They simply open a door. Once the first sentence is written, the story can grow in surprising ways. 【答案】 1．will happen 2．something 3．expecting 4．is asked 5．behind 6．that/which 7．what 8．Surrounded 9．because/as/since 10．answering/to be answered 【导语】本文主要介绍写作提示的作用、不同类型的写作提示以及如何借助提示激发写作想象力。 【详解】1．考查时态。句意：相反，它提供一个起点，让作者决定接下来会发生什么。根据语境“接下来”，表将来，用一般将来时“will happen”。 2．考查不定代词。句意：一个提示可能来自像天气这样普通的事物。分析句子结构可知，as ordinary as the weather是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰空处的词。结合语境“来自……事物”，且表示泛指，应用不定代词something。 3．考查非谓语。句意：一个期待阳光的城镇可能会突然下雪，而一个准备下雨的城镇可能会发现天空晴朗。本句的谓语动词是may suddenly face，空格处expect需用非谓语形式。town与expect是主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语。 4．考查被动语态与时态。句意：想象一个人物毫无预兆地被要求做公开演讲。Imagine后接一个that引导的宾语从句。从句主语a character与动词ask之间是被动关系，且描述一种假设的情景，通常用一般现在时的被动语态。主语a character是第三人称单数，be动词用is。 5．考查介词。句意：作者可以探讨演讲本身以及演讲背后的情绪。根据句意可知，此处指探讨隐藏在演讲背后的情绪。behind意为“在……背后/后面”，符合语境。 6．考查定语从句。句意：想象一间能给予特定访客特殊能力的园艺小屋。空格处引导定语从句，先行词为hut，指物，从句缺主语，用关系代词that或which。 7．考查表语从句。句意：问题不只是会赋予什么能力，而是这些能力如何改变人们。空处位于is not only后，引导表语从句，且根据句意可知，从句缺少定语，表示“什么”含义，用what。 8．考查非谓语。句意：被喜爱食物的气味、味道和声音包围，一个准备并享用食物的人物可以被生动地刻画出来。逗号前是状语部分。逻辑主语a character与surround之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词作状语。句首单词首字母需大写。 9．考查原因状语从句。句意：这顿饭之所以重要，可能是因为它让这个角色想起了家或他们爱的人。根据句意，后半句是在解释前半句“The meal may matter”的原因，用because、as或since引导原因状语从句均可。 10．考查非谓语。句意：每种情况都会立刻提出需要解答的问题。need作为实义动词，后面接动词时有两种常见用法：need doing (某事需要被做，主动形式表被动含义)或need to be done(某事需要被做，被动不定式)。此处questions与answer之间是被动关系，即“问题需要被回答”，故answering或to be answered均可。 B 【来源】上海市徐汇区上海南洋中学2025-2026学年高三年级英语学科9月学习能力诊断测试题 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A．abandonment  B．initiated   C． categorizing  D．revealed  E. investigating  F. boost G. share   H. overlooking     I.bargain       J. heavily    K. admittedly Shoppers hoping to bag a 11 in the post-Christmas sales are much less likely to go through with their purchases if they are using phones and tablets to buy goods online. This is because consumers often worry they are not seeing the full picture on a mobile app or that they could be missing out on special offers or 12 hidden costs, according to new research. Concerns about privacy and security can also motivate people to put items into their shopping baskets but then quit without paying. Although mobile apps are 13 becoming among the most popular ways to shop online, the phenomenon of shopping cart 14 is much higher than for desktop-based online shopping. According to Market Research firm Criteo, the 15 of e-commerce purchases from mobile devices increased to 46% of global e-commerce trade in the second quarter of 2016, however, only 27% of purchases 16 on this channel were finalized, significantly lagging behind desktop initiated purchases. Researchers at the University of East Anglia(UEA) 17 why this is so say it represents a huge challenge for online retailers, who are investing 18 in mobile shopping, but not receiving the rewards in successful sales. “Our study results 19 a paradox (悖论),” said Dr Nikolaos Korfiatis of Norwich Business School at UEA．“Mobile shopping is supposed to make the process easier, and yet concerns about making the right choice, or about whether the site is secure enough leads to an emotional ambivalence (矛盾情绪) about the transaction and that means customers are much more likely to simply abandon their shopping carts without completing a purchase.” Strategies that might 20 a shopper to complete a purchase include adding special offers, or coupons for a nearby store at the checkout stage. “Retailers need to invest in technology, but they need to do it in the right way, so the investment pays off,” added Dr Korfiatis. 【答案】 11．I 12．H 13．K 14．A 15．G 16．B 17．E 18．J 19．D 20．F 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕圣诞节后促销期间，消费者使用手机、平板网购时购物车放弃率高的现象展开，分析其原因并给出零售商的改进建议。 【详解】11．考查名词。句意：希望在圣诞节后促销中买到便宜货的购物者，如果使用手机和平板电脑在线购物，完成购买的可能性会低得多。空处作bag的宾语，结合句意和post-Christmas sales可知，此处指“买到便宜货”，名词bargain“便宜货、特价商品”符合题意，冠词a提示用其单数形式。故选I。 12．考查动词。句意：根据一项新的研究，这是因为消费者经常担心他们在移动应用上没有看到全部情况，或者担心他们可能错过特别优惠或忽视隐藏成本。空处与missing out on并列，结合句意“担心错过优惠或忽略隐藏成本”可知，现在分词overlooking“忽视、忽略”符合题意。故选H。 13．考查副词。句意：诚然，虽然移动应用正成为最受欢迎的网上购物方式之一，但购物车放弃率比桌面端网上购物高得多。空处修饰整个句子，作状语，结合句意，此处表示“诚然、无可否认”，用于引出转折前的事实，副词admittedly“诚然、无可否认地”符合题意。故选K。 14．考查名词。句意：诚然，虽然移动应用正成为最受欢迎的网上购物方式之一，但购物车放弃率比桌面端网上购物高得多。空处作宾语，结合下文quit without paying和abandon their shopping carts可知，此处指“购物车放弃率”，名词abandonment“放弃、抛弃”符合题意。故选A。 15．考查名词。句意：根据市场研究公司Criteo的数据，2016年第二季度，移动设备电子商务购物的占比上升至全球电子商务交易的46%，然而，在该渠道上发起的购买中，只有27%最终完成，明显落后于桌面端发起的购买。空处作主语，结合46% of global e-commerce trade可知，此处指移动设备购物在全球电商中的占比，名词share“份额、占比”符合题意。故选G。 16．考查动词。句意：根据市场研究公司Criteo的数据，2016年第二季度，移动设备电子商务购物的占比上升至全球电子商务交易的46%，然而，在该渠道上发起的购买中，只有27%最终完成，明显落后于桌面端发起的购买。空处作后置定语，修饰purchases，结合句意“在该渠道上发起的购买”，动词initiated“发起、启动”（过去分词作定语，表被动）符合题意。故选B。 17．考查动词。句意：东安格利亚大学（UEA）的研究人员正在调查为什么会出现这种情况，他们表示，这对在线零售商来说是一个巨大的挑战——他们在移动购物上投入巨大，却没有在成功销售中获得回报。空处作非谓语，结合why this is so可知，此处指研究人员在“调查”原因，researchers和investigate是主动关系，应用现在分词，动词investigating“调查、研究”符合题意。故选E。 18．考查副词。句意：东安格利亚大学（UEA）的研究人员正在调查为什么会出现这种情况，他们表示，这对在线零售商来说是一个巨大的挑战——他们在移动购物上投入巨大，却没有在成功销售中获得回报。空处修饰动词investing（投入），作状语，结合句意“投入巨大”，副词heavily“大量地、沉重地”符合题意。故选J。 19．考查动词。句意：UEA诺维奇商学院的尼古拉奥斯·科尔菲亚蒂斯博士说：“我们的研究结果揭示了一个悖论。”空处作谓语，结合句意“研究结果揭示了悖论”，动词reveal“揭示、显示”符合题意，此处描述研究过去得出的结论，用一般过去时。故选D。 20．考查动词。句意：可能促使购物者完成购买的策略包括在结账阶段添加特别优惠或附近商店的优惠券。空处作谓语，结合句意“促使购物者完成购买”，动词boost“促进、推动”符合题意，might为情态动词，后接动词原形。故选F。 C 【来源】上海市长宁区仙霞高级中学2025-2026学年3月第二学期高三英语练习卷 Reading is not an instinct. As children, we have to start from scratch. We wire our brains to read by gradually enhancing links between the critical areas: those that recognise the visual form of letters, those that tell us what a word sounds like and how you 21 say it, and so on. Writing by hand helps to form these brain 22 . When we learn how to write, we use parts of the brain known as the motor cortices that control physical movements. When we read, those same areas are activated — suggesting we basically write words in our minds as we 23 them. Karin James of Indiana University in Bloomington has found that young children can recognise new letters more readily when they learn that letters by writing them 24 by typing or tracing. James has also shown that some brain regions that light up when adults read also become active in children 25 letters they’ve learned to print by hand — but not in children who’ve learned letters by typing them. This seems like strong evidence of the importance of handwriting, but James 26 that just because adults use certain circuitry (线路) to read does not necessarily mean it’s the only writing that could work. “Our brains are clearly 27 ,” she says, “It might be just fine to start typing — and for that you need a whole different brain network and learn how to read that way. We don’t know yet.” For now though, most studies suggest handwriting has a(n) 28 role to play. Marieke Long-camp at Aix-Marseille University in France has shown that when adults learned unfamiliar characters based on the Bengali and Gujarati alphabets either by writing or typing, those who 29 the letters remembered them better three weeks later. Part of the problem is that typing does not 30 in us the same understanding of character or letter forms as writing by hand. “If you show children just a single typical A, they’re not going to be able to understand that another 31 of an A is the same thing.” James says. The messy and inconsistent way that children (and many adults) tend to write, 32 , may help them to cope with a wide variety of typefaces and letter forms. Writing freehand, then, seems to be an important part of learning to read — but does the 33 of handwriting make a difference? Some schools have 34 teaching cursive (草书体的) or joined-up writing. In the US, for instance, it is not part of the national curriculum adopted by 46 states, though it has come back in some states in response to a public outcry. When it comes to learning to read, though, James has found that writing in cursive doesn’t seem to add anything to the mix. “It seems like it’s any kind of   35 of a letter by hand that makes the difference.” she says. 21．A．occasionally B．physically C．gradually D．instinctively 22．A．structures B．connections C．processes D．functions 23．A．write B．coin C．recite D．read 24．A．rather than B．as well as C．such as D．or else 25．A．listening to B．depending on C．looking at D．thinking of 26．A．requires B．decides C．foresees D．cautions 27．A．similar B．different C．delicate D．adaptable 28．A．critical B．unpredictable C．unclear D．increased 29．A．wrote out B．responded to C．typed in D．pointed at 30．A．trust B．implant C．spend D．invest 31．A．example B．equivalent C．form D．method 32．A．as a result B．in a word C．by contrast D．vice versa 33．A．history B．type C．dominance D．study 34．A．suggested B．permitted C．practised D．stopped 35．A．creation B．recognition C．existence D．typing 【答案】 21．B 22．B 23．D 24．A 25．C 26．D 27．D 28．A 29．A 30．B 31．C 32．C 33．B 34．D 35．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了手写对于阅读和大脑发育的重要性，并与打字进行了对比，指出手写有助于大脑建立阅读所需的神经连接并探讨了手写字体类型对阅读学习的影响。 【详解】21．考查副词词义辨析。 句意：我们的大脑通过逐渐加强关键区域之间的联系来学会阅读：那些识别字母视觉形态的区域、那些告诉我们单词发音以及如何实际说出它的区域，等等。 A. occasionally偶尔；B. physically身体上地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. instinctively本能地。根据上文“recognise the visual form of letters, those that tell us what a word sounds like”可知，上下文提及阅读时控制身体运动的皮层激活，physically(身体上地)符合“如何说”与身体动作相关的语境。故选B。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：手写有助于形成这些大脑连接。A. structures结构；B. connections连接；C. processes过程；D. functions功能。根据上文“We wire our brains to read by gradually enhancing links between the critical areas”可知，前文提及增强大脑关键区域间的关联，此处手写正是助力形成这类大脑连接。故选B。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们阅读时，这些相同的区域会被激活——这表明我们在阅读单词时，基本上会在脑海中书写这些单词。A. write写；B. coin创造；C. recite背诵；D. read阅读。根据上文“When we read, those same areas are activated”可知，此处是说在阅读的过程中会产生脑海中书写的行为。故选D。 24．考查连词短语辨析。句意：印第安纳大学伯明顿分校的卡琳·詹姆斯发现，幼儿通过书写学习新字母时，能更容易识别这些字母，而非通过打字或描摹。A. rather than而不是；B. as well as也；C. such as例如；D. or else否则。根据上文“by writing them”和后文“by typing or tracing”可知，手写方式效果更好，与打字、描摹形成对比。故选A。 25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：詹姆斯还发现，成年人在阅读时大脑中活跃的一些区域，在孩子们看着他们通过手写练习学会的字母时也会变得活跃——但在那些通过打字学习字母的孩子身上则不会。A. listening to听；B. depending on依赖；C. looking at看；D. thinking of想到。上文“young children can recognise new letters more readily”提到，幼儿通过书写学习新字母时，能更容易识别这些字母，此处指儿童在看通过手写练习学会的字母时，大脑区域会被激活，故选C。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这似乎是手写重要性的有力证据，但詹姆斯提醒道，成年人使用特定的神经回路进行阅读，并不一定意味着这是唯一有效的书写方式。A. requires要求；B. decides决定；C. foresees预见；D. cautions提醒、告诫。根据下文“just because adults use certain circuitry to read does not necessarily mean it’s the only writing that could work”可知，这是詹姆斯给出的提醒和客观看法。故选D。 27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我们的大脑显然具有适应性，也许直接开始打字也没问题——为此你需要一个完全不同的脑网络，并通过那种方式学习阅读。我们目前还不清楚。”A. similar相似的；B. different不同的；C. delicate精致的；D. adaptable有适应性的。根据下文“It might be just fine to start typing — and for that you need a whole different brain network and learn how to read that way”可知，大脑可以适应打字所需的不同神经网络，体现出适应性。故选D。          28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不过，就目前而言，大多数研究表明，手写起着至关重要的作用。A. critical至关重要的；B. unpredictable不可预测的；C. unclear不清楚的；D. increased增加的。根据下文“those who wrote out the letters remembered them better three weeks later”可知，此处指手写起着至关重要的作用。故选A。 29．考查动词短语辨析。句意：法国艾克斯-马赛大学的玛丽克·朗坎普发现，当成年人通过手写或打字学习基于孟加拉语和古吉拉特语字母的陌生字符时，那些写出这些字母的人在三周后对字符的记忆效果更好。A. wrote out写出；B. responded to回应；C. typed in输入；D. pointed at指向。上文“handwriting has a(n) ________ role to play”提到手写扮演者重要作用，此处对比“writing”和“typing”，应是手写写出字母的人记忆效果更好。故选A。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：部分问题在于，打字并不能像手写那样在我们心中植入对字符或字母形式的相同理解。A. trust信任；B. implant植入；C. spend花费；D. invest投资。根据下文“in us the same understanding of character or letter forms as writing by hand”可知，此处指打字无法像手写那样在脑中“植入”相同理解。故选B。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：詹姆斯说：“如果你只给孩子看一个标准的A，他们无法理解另一种形式的A也是同一个字母。”A. example例子；B. equivalent等价物；C. form形式；D. method方法。根据下文“cope with a wide variety of typefaces and letter forms”可知，此处指字母的不同形式。故选C。 32．考查介词短语辨析。句意：相比之下，孩子（以及许多成年人）写字时那种潦草、不规整的方式，可能有助于他们适应各种各样的字体和字母形式。A. as a result结果；B. in a word总之；C. by contrast相比之下；D. vice versa反之亦然。根据上文“If you show children just a single typical A, they’re not going to be able to understand that another________of an A is the same thing.”和下文“The messy and inconsistent way”和“may help them to cope with a wide variety of typefaces”可知，只看标准字母孩子无法理解其他形式，而潦草书写能带来不同效果可知，此处形成对比。故选C。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，手写是学习阅读的重要组成部分——但手写的类型有影响吗？A. history历史；B. type类型；C. dominance主导地位；D. study学习。根据下文“Some schools have stopped teaching cursive or joined-up writing”可知，此处探讨的是手写的字体类型是否有影响。故选B。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些学校已经停止教授草书或连笔字。A. suggested建议；B. permitted允许；C. practised练习；D. stopped停止。根据下文“In the US, for instance, it is not part of the national curriculum adopted by 46 states”可知，草书未纳入课程，说明学校停止了相关教学。故选D。 35．考查名词词义辨析。 句意：她说：“似乎是亲手创造出字母的任何形式，都会带来这种效果。” A. creation 创造；B. recognition 识别；C. existence 存在；D. typing 打字。 根据上文“writing in cursive doesn’t seem to add anything”可知，草书并未额外加分，关键是手工创造字母本身。故选 A。 第二套 A 【来源】上海市杨浦区2025-2026学年度第二学期高三年级模拟质量调研英语学科试卷 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Latest Gadgets (小器具) on Display   The Consumer Electronics Show CES, which took place between 7 and 10 January, gave the world a fascinating look at the technology of the future. The event is held annually and gives companies the chance to show off cutting-edge gadgets and extraordinary machines, some of 1 are already in shops. Artificial intelligence AI served as a 2 (define) characteristic for numerous items on display this year.   One of the stars of the show was the Ropet, a robotic pet that expresses emotions, 3 (remember) faces and can chat in different languages. Thanks to a camera built into its nose, it can detect and react to human emotions, and it understands gestures 4 a finger to the lips to ask it to be quiet. It could be appealing to someone who wants a pet, but is unable to look after a real 5 .   There were plenty of devices on display that are designed to help people around the home. These included a robotic vacuum cleaner. This kind of thing isn’t all that new, but the Roborock Saros Z70 has an extra feature: an arm with a pair of pincers (钳子) that it 6 use to pick socks, underpants and other things off the floor as it moves around the home. Another device meant for the home is the Smart Indoor Garden, 7 it looks like something you might see on a spaceship. 8 (ensure) that plants grow well in the futuristic-looking capsule, the device creates a cloud of water droplets containing nutrients. It allows people to grow vegetables, herbs and flowers all year round with little effort 9 (invest). There was lots of technology that people could wear, too, including several different types of smart glasses. The exhibit also demonstrated 10 wearable technology could achieve in healthcare. 【答案】 1．which 2．defining 3．remembers 4．like 5．one 6．can 7．and 8．To ensure 9．invested 10．what 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了拉斯维加斯消费电子展呈现未来科技，AI成主旋律：情感机器宠物Ropet、带机械臂的扫地机器人Roborock、太空舱式智能室内花园及多款可穿戴设备，彰显智能家居与健康管理新趋势。 【详解】1．考查定语从句。句意：该展会每年举办一次，为各公司提供了展示前沿产品和非凡设备的机会，其中一些产品已经上市销售。该空需要一个关系词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面名词gadgets and extraordinary machines，并指代先行词在从句中作介词of的宾语，先行词为表示事物的名词，应填which。故填which。 2．考查形容词。句意：今年展出的众多产品都具备人工智能（AI）这一关键特性。该空为名词characteristic的定语，提示词define为动词，其派生的形容词defining意为“典型的；起决定性作用的”符合题意。故填defining。 3．考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：本次展会上的亮点之一是“罗佩特”机器人宠物，它能表达情感、记住面孔并且能用多种语言交流。动词remember在句中作谓语与前面expresses并列，句子叙述客观事实应使用一般现在时，that指代单数名词pet作主语，应使用单三形式。故填remembers  。 4．考查介词。句意：其鼻子内置的摄像头使它能够感知并回应人类的情绪，还能理解诸如用手指触唇来要求安静这样的手势。该空后的a finger to the lips是前面gestures的一个具体的例子，应填介词like。故填like。 5．考查代词。句意：对于那些想要拥有一只宠物但又无法照顾真实宠物的人来说，它可能颇具吸引力。该空需要一个代词指代前面的单数名词pet作宾语，应填one。故填one。 6．考查情态动词。句意：这类产品并非全新的事物，但 Roborock Saros Z70有一个额外的功能：带有钳子的机械臂，它可以在家中移动时使用这些钳子从地板上捡起袜子、内裤和其他物品。该空是that引导的定语从句中的谓语部分，it为主语，关系词that指代先行词pincers作动词use的宾语，主语是单数名词，谓语动词use使用了原形可知，应该是和情态动词连用，此处是表示这款机器人的一个功能表示“它能够使用这个钳子”，应填can。故填can。 7．考查连词。句意：另一种面向家庭使用的设备是“智能室内花园”，它看起来就像你可能会在宇宙飞船中看到的东西。该空需要一个连词连接两个句子，空前和空后的两个句子不存在主从关系，为并列关系。故填and。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了确保植物能在这个具有未来感的容器中茁壮成长，该设备会制造出含有营养物质的水滴云。动词ensure在句中作目的状语，应使用动词不定式形式，并注意句首字母大写。故填To ensure。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：人们只需付出很少的努力就能全年种植蔬菜、香草和花卉。动词invest在句中作后置定语修饰名词effort，与所修饰的名词为被动关系，努力被投入，应使用过去分词形式。故填invested。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：该展览还展示了可穿戴技术在医疗保健领域所能实现的效果。该空需要一个连接词引导宾语从句作动词demonstrated的宾语，并指代事物在从句中作achieve的宾语，应填what。故填what。 B 【来源】上海市杨浦区控江中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月测评英语试卷 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A．chief  B．contained  C． cousin  D．defeat  E. engaging   F. experience  G. imposing  H. persist  I. paralyzed  J. obligations  K. rushed A lively, entertaining, and philosophical guide to time and time management The average human lifespan is absurdly, terrifyingly, insultingly short. Here’s one way of putting things in perspective: the first modern humans appeared on the plains of Africa at least 200,000 years ago, and scientists estimate that life, in some form, will 11 for another 1.5 billion years or more, until the intensifying heat of the sun puts the last organism to death. But you? Assuming you live to be eighty, you’ll have had about four thousand weeks. It follows from this that time management, broadly defined, should be everyone’s 12 concern; arguably, time management is all life is. Yet the modern discipline known as time management, like its hipper 13 productivity, is a depressingly narrow-minded affair, focused on how to crank through as many work tasks as possible, or on devising the perfect morning routine, or on cooking all your dinners for the week in one big batch on Sundays. These things matter to some extent, no doubt. But they’re hardly all that matters. The world is bursting with wonder, yet it’s the rare productivity guru (大师) who seems to have considered the possibility that the point of all our frenetic doing might be to 14 more of that wonder. The world also seems to be heading to hell in a handcart — a pandemic has 15 society, and the planet is getting hotter and hotter — but good luck finding a time management system that makes any room for 16 productively with your fellow citizens, with current events, or with the fate of the environment. This book is an attempt to redress the balance. It is written in the belief that time management has failed miserably. Productivity is a trap. Becoming more efficient just makes you more 17 . Nobody in the history of humanity has ever achieved “work-life balance,” whatever that might be. The day will never arrive when you finally have everything under control: when the flood of emails has been 18 ; when your to-do lists have stopped getting longer; when you’re meeting all your 19 at work and in your home life; and when the fully optimized person you’ve become can turn, at last, to the things life is really supposed to be about. Let’s start by admitting 20 : none of this is ever going to happen. But you know what? That’s excellent news. 【答案】 11．H 12．A 13．C 14．F 15．I 16．E 17．K 18．B 19．J 20．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文是一本时间管理书籍的引言。作者认为人生极短，传统时间管理过于功利，只追求效率。真正理想的平衡永远无法实现，接受这一点反而能更好地生活。 11．考查动词。句意：不妨这样来权衡一下：现代人类最早出现在非洲的平原上至少已有 20 万年，而科学家估计，某种形式的生命将会持续存在 15 亿年甚至更久，直到太阳的热量不断增强导致最后的生物死亡。分析句子可知，空前为will情态动词，此处为动词形式共同构成谓语，persist“持续、存续”为动词，符合语境。故选H项。 12．考查形容词。句意：由此可以得出结论：从广义上讲，时间管理应该是每个人首要关注的问题。分析句子可知，空后concern为名词，此处为形容词作定语修饰该名词，chief“主要的，首要的”为形容词，符合语境。故选A项。 13．考查名词。句意：然而，现代被称为时间管理的这一学科，就像其时髦的近亲“效率”一样，是一个令人沮丧地狭隘的领域，专注于如何尽可能多地完成工作任务，或者致力于设计完美的早晨例行程序，或者在周日一次性批量烹饪一周的所有晚餐。分析句子可知，空前hipper为形容词，此处为名词形式和空后的productivity构成名词短语，作宾语成分，cousin“同类事物，近似物”为名词，符合语境。故选C项。 14．考查动词。句意：这个世界充满了奇妙的景象，然而却很少有高效的管理专家会考虑到这样一个可能性：我们如此忙碌地做事，其目的或许正是为了更多地去体验这种奇妙。分析句子可知，空前为不定式符号to，此处为动词原形，experience“体验”为动词，符合语境。故选F项。 15．考查动词。句意：这个世界似乎正朝着末日的方向急转直下——一场疫情已经使整个社会陷入瘫痪，而地球的温度也在不断升高——但要找到一个能为与同胞、时事或环境的命运进行有效互动留出空间的时间管理方法，那可真是难上加难。分析句子可知，空前为助动词has，此处为动词的现在完成时形式作句子的谓语成分，paralyzed“使瘫痪、使陷入停滞”为动词，符合语境。故选I项。 16．考查动名词。句意：这个世界似乎正朝着末日的方向急转直下——一场疫情已经使整个社会陷入瘫痪，而地球的温度也在不断升高——但要找到一个能为与同胞、时事或环境的命运进行有效互动留出空间的时间管理方法，那可真是难上加难。分析句子可知，空前为介词for，此处为动名词形式，engaging“参与、打交道”为动名词，和with搭配构成该电影engage with“与……互动”，符合语境。故选E项。 17．考查形容词。句意：效率只是让我们更加匆忙而已。分析句子可知，此处为形容词作宾语补足语成分，rushed“匆忙的、赶时间的”为形容词，符合语境。故选K项。 18．考查动词时态和语态。句意：永远不会有那么一天，你最终能够完全掌控一切：电子邮件的洪流被遏制住了。分析句子可知，空前为has been，此处为现在完成时的被动语态结构，作句子的谓语成分，contained“控制，遏制”为动词过去分词形式，符合语境。故选B项。 19．考查名词。句意：你在工作中和家庭生活中都履行了所有义务。分析句子可知，空前为形容词物主代词your，此处为名词形式，obligations“义务”为名词，符合语境。故选J项。 20．考查名词。句意：首先让我们承认失败吧：这一切都不会实现。分析句子可知，此处为名词作动词admit的宾语成分，defeat“失败”为名词，符合语境。故选D项。 C 【来源】上海市南洋模范中学2025-2026学年高三上学期初态考英语试卷 Self-driving cars are gradually transitioning from science fiction to reality. The benefits are clear: passengers can use their 21 to relax, work, or be entertained while reducing accidents caused by human error. Additionally, autonomous vehicles offer increased 22 for individuals unable to drive themselves. However, 23 control in the complex environment of road traffic requires highly advanced technology. Ongoing developments aim to bring fully autonomous vehicles to our roads, and one key area of focus is how these cars can 24 effectively — such as sharing updates on road conditions — to enhance safety and efficiency. Self-driving vehicles rely on sensors, cameras, and artificial intelligence (AI) to make 25 decisions and navigate roads with minimal human input. The Society of Automotive Engineers classifies vehicle automation into six levels, from 0 (fully manual) to 5 (fully autonomous, meaning the vehicle can drive itself in all conditions without human 26 ). So far, no self-driving car has achieved full autonomy. The most advanced models, such as self-driving taxi services in California and Arizona, currently operate at Level 4. However, widespread adoption faces 27 , including the potential for accidents and concerns over data privacy. AI enables autonomous vehicles to exchange knowledge when they interact directly, improving road navigation instantly. However, conventional model-sharing methods 28 immediate, one-on-one exchanges, which facilitate adaptation to new conditions. This is 29 how humans would struggle to spread information efficiently if they had to meet every recipient in person rather than passing messages through others. To overcome this limitation, researchers have introduced a new approach called Cached Decentralized Federated Learning (Cached-DFL). This method enhances how vehicles learn from one another, even if they 30 cross paths. Unlike traditional Federated Learning, which depends on a central server for updates, Cached-DFL allows vehicles to train AI models independently and exchange them directly. When two vehicles come within close range — about 100 meters — they use high-speed communication to share trained models rather than transmitting 31 data. This significantly accelerates adaptation and enhances learning efficiency compared to earlier decentralized approaches. Cached-DFL addresses the challenge of enabling autonomous vehicles to learn from one another while 32 data security. With this technology, self-driving cars can share crucial information about road conditions, signals, and obstacles — especially beneficial in urban areas where vehicles experience 33 conditions but seldom interact long enough for conventional learning methods to be effective. As AI shifts from centralized servers to edge devices, Cached-DFL offers a secure and efficient way for self-driving cars to evolve collectively, improving their intelligence and adaptability. Moreover, this technology extends beyond autonomous vehicles; it can be 34 other networked systems of smart mobile agents — such as drones, robots, and satellites — to achieve decentralized learning and swarm intelligence. With researchers making their code publicly available, these advancements have the potential to accelerate innovation across 35 industries. 21．A．commute B．freedom C．strength D．vehicle 22．A．flexibility B．accessibility C．capability D．mobility 23．A．sticking to B．giving up C．calling for D．passing over 24．A．perform B．evolve C．communicate D．upgrade 25．A．informed B．bold C．firm D．emotional 26．A．intervention B．will C．awareness D．perception 27．A．objections B．barriers C．challenges D．dilemmas 28．A．contribute to B．arise from C．result in D．rely on 29．A．related to B．similar to C．different from D．opposing to 30．A．randomly B．barely C．constantly D．regularly 31．A．raw B．processed C．collected D．sensitive 32．A．exposing B．prioritizing C．compromising D．maintaining 33．A．simple B．relevant C．diverse D．delicate 34．A．equipped with B．transferred to C．taken by D．applied to 35．A．multiple B．particular C．major D．light 【答案】 21．A 22．D 23．B 24．C 25．A 26．A 27．C 28．D 29．B 30．B 31．A 32．D 33．C 34．D 35．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了自动驾驶汽车从科幻走向现实的发展、优势与面临的挑战，重点讲解了为解决车辆信息共享与数据安全问题而研发的Cached-DFL（缓存去中心化联邦学习） 技术及其应用前景。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：乘客可以利用通勤时间放松、工作或娱乐，同时减少人为失误导致的事故。A. commute通勤；B. freedom自由；C. strength力量；D. vehicle车辆。根据前文“Self-driving cars are gradually transitioning from science fiction to reality”及后文“relax, work, or be entertained”可知，自动驾驶让乘客在通勤途中可自由支配时间。故选A。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，自动驾驶汽车为无法自行驾驶的人提供了更强的移动能力。A. flexibility灵活性；B. accessibility可及性；C. capability能力；D. mobility移动能力。根据后文“individuals unable to drive themselves”可知，自动驾驶让老人、残疾人等获得出行的移动能力。故选D。 23．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然而，在复杂的道路交通环境中放弃控制需要高度先进的技术。A. sticking to坚持；B. giving up放弃；C. calling for要求；D. passing over忽略。根据后文“fully autonomous vehicles”可知，完全自动驾驶意味着人类放弃对车辆的控制。故选B。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个关键的研究方向是这些汽车如何有效沟通 —— 比如共享路况更新 —— 以提升安全性和效率。A. perform执行；B. evolve进化；C. communicate沟通；D. upgrade升级。根据后文“sharing updates on road conditions”可知，车辆之间需要沟通信息。故选C。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自动驾驶汽车依靠传感器、摄像头和人工智能做出明智的决策，在极少人工干预的情况下导航道路。A. informed明智的；B. bold大胆的；C. firm坚定的；D. emotional情绪化的。根据前文“sensors, cameras, and artificial intelligence”可知，AI 基于数据做出明智的驾驶决策。故选A。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国汽车工程师学会将汽车自动驾驶分为六个等级，从0级（完全人工驾驶）到5级（完全自动驾驶，即车辆可在所有路况下自主行驶，无需人类干预）。A. intervention干预；B. will意愿；C. awareness意识；D. perception感知。根据前文 “fully autonomous”可知，5 级自动驾驶完全不需要人类干预。故选A。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，广泛应用面临挑战，包括事故风险和数据隐私担忧。A. objections反对；B. barriers障碍；C. challenges挑战；D. dilemmas困境。根据后文“including the potential for accidents and concerns over data privacy”可知，自动驾驶普及面临诸多挑战。故选C。 28．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然而，传统的模型共享方法依赖即时的一对一交换，这有助于适应新情况。A. contribute to促成；B. arise from由…… 引起；C. result in导致；D. rely on依赖。根据前文“conventional model-sharing methods”及后文“immediate, one-on-one exchanges”可知，传统方法依赖车辆直接相遇交换信息。故选D。 29．考查形容词短语词义辨析。句意：这类似于人类如果必须亲自见每个接收者而不是通过他人传递信息，就难以高效传播信息。A. related to与…… 相关；B. similar to类似于；C. different from不同于；D. opposing to反对。根据后文比喻“how humans would struggle to spread information efficiently if they had to meet every recipient in person rather than passing messages through others”可知，传统车辆信息交换方式类似于人类低效的面对面传信。故选B。 30．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这种方法提升了车辆之间的相互学习能力，即使它们几乎不相遇。A. randomly随机地；B. barely几乎不；C. constantly不断地；D. regularly定期地。根据前文“AI enables autonomous vehicles to exchange knowledge when they interact directly”及“overcome this limitation”可知，Cached-DFL 解决了车辆几乎不相遇也能学习的问题。故选B。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当两辆车靠近到约 100 米时，它们通过高速通信共享训练好的模型，而不是传输原始数据。A. raw原始的；B. processed处理过的；C. collected收集的；D. sensitive敏感的。根据后文“share trained models”可知，车辆交换的是模型而非原始数据。故选A。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Cached-DFL 解决了自动驾驶汽车相互学习同时保持数据安全的难题。A. exposing暴露；B. prioritizing优先考虑；C. compromising损害；D. maintaining保持。根据后文“data security”可知，该技术在共享信息时保持数据安全。故选D。 33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：借助这项技术，自动驾驶汽车可以共享关于路况、信号灯和障碍物的关键信息——尤其在城市地区，车辆面临多样的路况，但很少有足够时间进行传统学习。A. simple简单的；B. relevant相关的；C. diverse多样的；D. delicate微妙的。根据前文“urban areas”可知，城市路况复杂多样。故选C。 34．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这项技术还可应用于其他智能移动代理网络系统 —— 如无人机、机器人和卫星 —— 实现去中心化学习和群体智能。A. equipped with配备；B. transferred to转移到；C. taken by被…… 采用；D. applied to应用于。根据后文“other networked systems”可知，该技术可应用于其他领域。故选D。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着研究人员公开代码，这些进步有可能加速多个行业的创新。A. multiple多个的；B. particular特定的；C. major主要的；D. light轻的。根据前文“extends beyond autonomous vehicles”可知，该技术会影响多个行业。故选A。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 综训09：GVC -语法、词汇、完形组合练 （满分：70分，推荐用时：60分钟） 第一套 A 【来源】上海市宜川中学2025-2026学年第二学期阶段练高三英语 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Write It Out Writers often need a fresh idea before they can begin. That is why writing prompts (提示) are useful. A prompt does not tell the whole story. Instead, it offers a starting point and allows the writer to decide what 1 (happen) next. There are no fixed rules, so each person can take the same idea in a different direction. One prompt can come from 2 as ordinary as the weather. Open a weather app, choose a random city, and check the forecast for the week. Then imagine that the exact opposite weather arrives. A town 3 (expect) sunshine may suddenly face snow, while one preparing for rain might wake to clear skies. How would people react? Another common prompt focuses on people under pressure. Imagine that a character 4 (ask) without warning to give a public speech. They may welcome the chance to speak, or they may feel deeply nervous. The writer can explore both the speech itself and the emotions 5 it. Some prompts introduce an element of fantasy. Picture a gardening hut 6 gives certain visitors special powers. Perhaps it only responds to kind people, or perhaps it rewards those with courage. The question is not only 7 powers will be granted, but how those powers change people. Other prompts encourage careful description. 8 (surround) by the smells, tastes, and sounds of a favorite meal, a character preparing and eating it can be brought vividly to life. The meal may matter 9 it reminds the character of home or of someone they love. Prompts can also create conflict or mystery. Two people return home together but refuse to speak to each other. Someone walks past an old school and suddenly faints. A roommate arrives with a completely unexpected pet. Each situation immediately raises questions that need 10 (answer). Good prompts do not limit imagination. They simply open a door. Once the first sentence is written, the story can grow in surprising ways. B 【来源】上海市徐汇区上海南洋中学2025-2026学年高三年级英语学科9月学习能力诊断测试题 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need. A．abandonment  B．initiated   C． categorizing  D．revealed  E. investigating  F. boost G. share   H. overlooking     I.bargain       J. heavily    K. admittedly Shoppers hoping to bag a 11 in the post-Christmas sales are much less likely to go through with their purchases if they are using phones and tablets to buy goods online. This is because consumers often worry they are not seeing the full picture on a mobile app or that they could be missing out on special offers or 12 hidden costs, according to new research. Concerns about privacy and security can also motivate people to put items into their shopping baskets but then quit without paying. Although mobile apps are 13 becoming among the most popular ways to shop online, the phenomenon of shopping cart 14 is much higher than for desktop-based online shopping. According to Market Research firm Criteo, the 15 of e-commerce purchases from mobile devices increased to 46% of global e-commerce trade in the second quarter of 2016, however, only 27% of purchases 16 on this channel were finalized, significantly lagging behind desktop initiated purchases. Researchers at the University of East Anglia(UEA) 17 why this is so say it represents a huge challenge for online retailers, who are investing 18 in mobile shopping, but not receiving the rewards in successful sales. “Our study results 19 a paradox (悖论),” said Dr Nikolaos Korfiatis of Norwich Business School at UEA．“Mobile shopping is supposed to make the process easier, and yet concerns about making the right choice, or about whether the site is secure enough leads to an emotional ambivalence (矛盾情绪) about the transaction and that means customers are much more likely to simply abandon their shopping carts without completing a purchase.” Strategies that might 20 a shopper to complete a purchase include adding special offers, or coupons for a nearby store at the checkout stage. “Retailers need to invest in technology, but they need to do it in the right way, so the investment pays off,” added Dr Korfiatis. C 【来源】上海市长宁区仙霞高级中学2025-2026学年3月第二学期高三英语练习卷 Reading is not an instinct. As children, we have to start from scratch. We wire our brains to read by gradually enhancing links between the critical areas: those that recognise the visual form of letters, those that tell us what a word sounds like and how you 21 say it, and so on. Writing by hand helps to form these brain 22 . When we learn how to write, we use parts of the brain known as the motor cortices that control physical movements. When we read, those same areas are activated — suggesting we basically write words in our minds as we 23 them. Karin James of Indiana University in Bloomington has found that young children can recognise new letters more readily when they learn that letters by writing them 24 by typing or tracing. James has also shown that some brain regions that light up when adults read also become active in children 25 letters they’ve learned to print by hand — but not in children who’ve learned letters by typing them. This seems like strong evidence of the importance of handwriting, but James 26 that just because adults use certain circuitry (线路) to read does not necessarily mean it’s the only writing that could work. “Our brains are clearly 27 ,” she says, “It might be just fine to start typing — and for that you need a whole different brain network and learn how to read that way. We don’t know yet.” For now though, most studies suggest handwriting has a(n) 28 role to play. Marieke Long-camp at Aix-Marseille University in France has shown that when adults learned unfamiliar characters based on the Bengali and Gujarati alphabets either by writing or typing, those who 29 the letters remembered them better three weeks later. Part of the problem is that typing does not 30 in us the same understanding of character or letter forms as writing by hand. “If you show children just a single typical A, they’re not going to be able to understand that another 31 of an A is the same thing.” James says. The messy and inconsistent way that children (and many adults) tend to write, 32 , may help them to cope with a wide variety of typefaces and letter forms. Writing freehand, then, seems to be an important part of learning to read — but does the 33 of handwriting make a difference? Some schools have 34 teaching cursive (草书体的) or joined-up writing. In the US, for instance, it is not part of the national curriculum adopted by 46 states, though it has come back in some states in response to a public outcry. When it comes to learning to read, though, James has found that writing in cursive doesn’t seem to add anything to the mix. “It seems like it’s any kind of   35 of a letter by hand that makes the difference.” she says. 21．A．occasionally B．physically C．gradually D．instinctively 22．A．structures B．connections C．processes D．functions 23．A．write B．coin C．recite D．read 24．A．rather than B．as well as C．such as D．or else 25．A．listening to B．depending on C．looking at D．thinking of 26．A．requires B．decides C．foresees D．cautions 27．A．similar B．different C．delicate D．adaptable 28．A．critical B．unpredictable C．unclear D．increased 29．A．wrote out B．responded to C．typed in D．pointed at 30．A．trust B．implant C．spend D．invest 31．A．example B．equivalent C．form D．method 32．A．as a result B．in a word C．by contrast D．vice versa 33．A．history B．type C．dominance D．study 34．A．suggested B．permitted C．practised D．stopped 35．A．creation B．recognition C．existence D．typing  第二套 A 【来源】上海市杨浦区2025-2026学年度第二学期高三年级模拟质量调研英语学科试卷 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Latest Gadgets (小器具) on Display   The Consumer Electronics Show CES, which took place between 7 and 10 January, gave the world a fascinating look at the technology of the future. The event is held annually and gives companies the chance to show off cutting-edge gadgets and extraordinary machines, some of 1 are already in shops. Artificial intelligence AI served as a 2 (define) characteristic for numerous items on display this year.   One of the stars of the show was the Ropet, a robotic pet that expresses emotions, 3 (remember) faces and can chat in different languages. Thanks to a camera built into its nose, it can detect and react to human emotions, and it understands gestures 4 a finger to the lips to ask it to be quiet. It could be appealing to someone who wants a pet, but is unable to look after a real 5 .   There were plenty of devices on display that are designed to help people around the home. These included a robotic vacuum cleaner. This kind of thing isn’t all that new, but the Roborock Saros Z70 has an extra feature: an arm with a pair of pincers (钳子) that it 6 use to pick socks, underpants and other things off the floor as it moves around the home. Another device meant for the home is the Smart Indoor Garden, 7 it looks like something you might see on a spaceship. 8 (ensure) that plants grow well in the futuristic-looking capsule, the device creates a cloud of water droplets containing nutrients. It allows people to grow vegetables, herbs and flowers all year round with little effort 9 (invest). There was lots of technology that people could wear, too, including several different types of smart glasses. The exhibit also demonstrated 10 wearable technology could achieve in healthcare. B 【来源】上海市杨浦区控江中学2025-2026学年高三上学期9月测评英语试卷 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A．chief  B．contained  C． cousin  D．defeat  E. engaging   F. experience  G. imposing  H. persist  I. paralyzed  J. obligations  K. rushed A lively, entertaining, and philosophical guide to time and time management The average human lifespan is absurdly, terrifyingly, insultingly short. Here’s one way of putting things in perspective: the first modern humans appeared on the plains of Africa at least 200,000 years ago, and scientists estimate that life, in some form, will 11 for another 1.5 billion years or more, until the intensifying heat of the sun puts the last organism to death. But you? Assuming you live to be eighty, you’ll have had about four thousand weeks. It follows from this that time management, broadly defined, should be everyone’s 12 concern; arguably, time management is all life is. Yet the modern discipline known as time management, like its hipper 13 productivity, is a depressingly narrow-minded affair, focused on how to crank through as many work tasks as possible, or on devising the perfect morning routine, or on cooking all your dinners for the week in one big batch on Sundays. These things matter to some extent, no doubt. But they’re hardly all that matters. The world is bursting with wonder, yet it’s the rare productivity guru (大师) who seems to have considered the possibility that the point of all our frenetic doing might be to 14 more of that wonder. The world also seems to be heading to hell in a handcart — a pandemic has 15 society, and the planet is getting hotter and hotter — but good luck finding a time management system that makes any room for 16 productively with your fellow citizens, with current events, or with the fate of the environment. This book is an attempt to redress the balance. It is written in the belief that time management has failed miserably. Productivity is a trap. Becoming more efficient just makes you more 17 . Nobody in the history of humanity has ever achieved “work-life balance,” whatever that might be. The day will never arrive when you finally have everything under control: when the flood of emails has been 18 ; when your to-do lists have stopped getting longer; when you’re meeting all your 19 at work and in your home life; and when the fully optimized person you’ve become can turn, at last, to the things life is really supposed to be about. Let’s start by admitting 20 : none of this is ever going to happen. But you know what? That’s excellent news. C 【来源】上海市南洋模范中学2025-2026学年高三上学期初态考英语试卷 Self-driving cars are gradually transitioning from science fiction to reality. The benefits are clear: passengers can use their 21 to relax, work, or be entertained while reducing accidents caused by human error. Additionally, autonomous vehicles offer increased 22 for individuals unable to drive themselves. However, 23 control in the complex environment of road traffic requires highly advanced technology. Ongoing developments aim to bring fully autonomous vehicles to our roads, and one key area of focus is how these cars can 24 effectively — such as sharing updates on road conditions — to enhance safety and efficiency. Self-driving vehicles rely on sensors, cameras, and artificial intelligence (AI) to make 25 decisions and navigate roads with minimal human input. The Society of Automotive Engineers classifies vehicle automation into six levels, from 0 (fully manual) to 5 (fully autonomous, meaning the vehicle can drive itself in all conditions without human 26 ). So far, no self-driving car has achieved full autonomy. The most advanced models, such as self-driving taxi services in California and Arizona, currently operate at Level 4. However, widespread adoption faces 27 , including the potential for accidents and concerns over data privacy. AI enables autonomous vehicles to exchange knowledge when they interact directly, improving road navigation instantly. However, conventional model-sharing methods 28 immediate, one-on-one exchanges, which facilitate adaptation to new conditions. This is 29 how humans would struggle to spread information efficiently if they had to meet every recipient in person rather than passing messages through others. To overcome this limitation, researchers have introduced a new approach called Cached Decentralized Federated Learning (Cached-DFL). This method enhances how vehicles learn from one another, even if they 30 cross paths. Unlike traditional Federated Learning, which depends on a central server for updates, Cached-DFL allows vehicles to train AI models independently and exchange them directly. When two vehicles come within close range — about 100 meters — they use high-speed communication to share trained models rather than transmitting 31 data. This significantly accelerates adaptation and enhances learning efficiency compared to earlier decentralized approaches. Cached-DFL addresses the challenge of enabling autonomous vehicles to learn from one another while 32 data security. With this technology, self-driving cars can share crucial information about road conditions, signals, and obstacles — especially beneficial in urban areas where vehicles experience 33 conditions but seldom interact long enough for conventional learning methods to be effective. As AI shifts from centralized servers to edge devices, Cached-DFL offers a secure and efficient way for self-driving cars to evolve collectively, improving their intelligence and adaptability. Moreover, this technology extends beyond autonomous vehicles; it can be 34 other networked systems of smart mobile agents — such as drones, robots, and satellites — to achieve decentralized learning and swarm intelligence. With researchers making their code publicly available, these advancements have the potential to accelerate innovation across 35 industries. 21．A．commute B．freedom C．strength D．vehicle 22．A．flexibility B．accessibility C．capability D．mobility 23．A．sticking to B．giving up C．calling for D．passing over 24．A．perform B．evolve C．communicate D．upgrade 25．A．informed B．bold C．firm D．emotional 26．A．intervention B．will C．awareness D．perception 27．A．objections B．barriers C．challenges D．dilemmas 28．A．contribute to B．arise from C．result in D．rely on 29．A．related to B．similar to C．different from D．opposing to 30．A．randomly B．barely C．constantly D．regularly 31．A．raw B．processed C．collected D．sensitive 32．A．exposing B．prioritizing C．compromising D．maintaining 33．A．simple B．relevant C．diverse D．delicate 34．A．equipped with B．transferred to C．taken by D．applied to 35．A．multiple B．particular C．major D．light 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $