综训14：阅读理解部分 -阅读单选、阅读六选四组合练（IV）（综合训练）（上海专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 聚焦跨学科话题与多元语篇，通过精选名校模拟题系统训练阅读理解与信息匹配能力，融合语言能力与思维品质培养。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解单选|每套4篇（文学/科普/社会现象等）|细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意|话题涵盖人文与自然科学，考查信息定位与逻辑分析能力| |六选四|每套1篇|段落衔接与语义连贯|围绕社会心理与行为主题，训练语篇结构与上下文关联理解|

综合训练14：阅读理解单选、阅读六选四组合练（IV） （满分：60分，推荐用时：60分钟） 第一套 Section A Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A 【来源】上海市实验学校2024-2025学年高三上学期十月月考英语试题 Moby-Dick was, for me, one of those books classified of “things you should have read a long time ago”. And as I am a mathematician, despite my interest in literature, my intellectual priorities did not include a 400-page novel about whales. That all changed one day when I overheard a mathematician friend mention that Moby-Dick contains a reference to cycloids. Cycloids are among the most beautiful mathematical curves in existence — the French mathematician Blaise Pascal found them so distractingly fascinating that he claimed merely thinking about them could relieve the pain of a bad toothache — but applications to whaling are not usually listed on their resume. Curious, I finally read Moby-Dick, and was delighted to find that it is full of mathematical metaphors. I realized further it’s not just Herman Melville; Leo Tolstoy writes about calculus (微积分), James Joyce about geometry. Regretfully, the connections between mathematics and literature have not received the attention they deserve. In fact, they are often considered to be against each other. I recall that at the end of my very last English class at school, in 1991, the teacher gave me a lovely handwritten note with a long list of books she thought I might like, saying, “Sorry to lose you to the lab.” The idea that one would have to choose between mathematics and literature is, I think, something of a tragedy — not only because the two fields are fundamentally linked, but also because understanding these links can enhance your enjoyment of both. The perceived boundary between math and literature is actually a very recent idea. For most of recorded history, mathematics was part of every educated person’s cultural awareness. The 11th-century Persian scholar Omar Khayyam, to whom the poetry collection known as the Rubaiyat is credited, was also a mathematician, and created beautiful geometric solutions to mathematical problems. In the 14th century, Chaucer wrote both The Canterbury Tales and a paper on the astrolabe (星盘，用于测量天体的距离). There are innumerable such examples, not least that of Lewis Carroll, who, of course, was a mathematician first and an author second. There is a deeper reason we find mathematics at the heart of literature. The universe is full of underlying structure, pattern and regularity, and mathematics is the best tool we have for understanding it. That’s why mathematics is often called the language of the universe, and why it is so vital to science. Since we humans are part of the universe, it is only natural that our forms of creative expression, literature among them, will also reveal a tendency for pattern and structure. 1．What inspired the author to read Moby-Dick? A．The topic of the book. B．His friend’s recommendation. C．His long-time interest in literature. D．There being some maths in the book. 2．The author’s English teacher’s words are mentioned in paragraph 4 in order to ________. A．form a sharp contrast with the attainment he later made B．imply that mathematics and literature haven’t received proper attention C．protest against the unfair treatment he once received while young D．show that maths and literature are regarded as distinctive subjects 3．What do Omar Khayyam, Chaucer and Lewis Carroll have in common? A．All of them were famous novelists. B．All of them were in favour of reading widely. C．All of them were masters in both maths and literature. D．All of them were aware of the boundary between maths and literature. 4．Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with? A．Taking on maths and giving up literature was not a wise choice for him. B．Both maths and literature are part of the pursuit to understand the universe. C．There is enough research on the connections between maths and literature. D．Mathematicians may find it hard to understand ideas embedded in literature. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者结合自己阅读文学名著《白鲸》的经历，探讨了数学与文学之间的深层联系，强调它们在理解宇宙方面的共同作用，并指出历史上许多人物都是数学和文学的双重大师。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“And as I am a mathematician, despite my interest in literature, my intellectual priorities did not include a 400-page novel about whales. That all changed one day when I overheard a mathematician friend mention that Moby-Dick contains a reference to cycloids. (由于我是一名数学家，尽管我对文学很感兴趣，但我的智力优先考虑的不是一本关于鲸鱼的400页的小说。有一天，我无意中听到一位数学家朋友提到《白鲸》中提到了旋轮线，这一切都改变了)”可知，因为《白鲸》提到了数学中的旋轮线，所以作者最终决定阅读这本书。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Regretfully, the connections between mathematics and literature have not received the attention they deserve. In fact, they are often considered to be against each other. I recall that at the end of my very last English class at school, in 1991, the teacher gave me a lovely handwritten note with a long list of books she thought I might like, saying, “Sorry to lose you to the lab.” (遗憾的是，数学和文学之间的联系并没有得到应有的重视。事实上，它们经常被认为是相互对立的。我记得1991年我在学校上的最后一堂英语课结束时，老师给了我一张可爱的手写便条，上面有一长串她认为我可能会喜欢的书，她说：“很遗憾你选择了实验室。”)”可知，此处先提到数学和文学通常被认为是相互对立的，然后提到英语老师推荐书单，并表达对作者选择数学而非文学的遗憾。由此可知，英语老师的话反映了数学和文学被视为不同的学科的观念。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The 11th-century Persian scholar Omar Khayyam, to whom the poetry collection known as the Rubaiyat is credited, was also a mathematician, and created beautiful geometric solutions to mathematical problems. In the 14th century, Chaucer wrote both The Canterbury Tales and a paper on the astrolabe (星盘，用于测量天体的距离). There are innumerable such examples, not least that of Lewis Carroll, who, of course, was a mathematician first and an author second. (11世纪的波斯学者奥马尔·海亚姆也是一位数学家，他为数学问题创造了美丽的几何解，诗集《鲁拜集》的作者就是他。在14世纪，乔叟写了《坎特伯雷故事集》和一篇关于星盘的论文。这样的例子数不胜数，尤其是刘易斯·卡罗尔，他首先是一位数学家，其次才是一位作家)”可知，这些人都是数学和文学的双重大师。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The universe is full of underlying structure, pattern and regularity, and mathematics is the best tool we have for understanding it. That’s why mathematics is often called the language of the universe, and why it is so vital to science. Since we humans are part of the universe, it is only natural that our forms of creative expression, literature among them, will also reveal a tendency for pattern and structure. (宇宙充满了潜在的结构、模式和规律，数学是我们理解它的最佳工具。这就是为什么数学通常被称为宇宙的语言，也是为什么它对科学如此重要。既然我们人类是宇宙的一部分，我们的创造性表达形式，包括文学，自然也会显示出一种模式和结构的倾向)”可知，数学是理解宇宙的最佳工具，而文学作为人类的创造性表达形式，也显示出对模式和结构的倾向。因此，作者认为数学和文学在根本上是有联系的，很可能同意数学和文学都是理解宇宙的一部分。故选B项。 B 【来源】2026届上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学高三5月考前模拟英语试题 Fog consists of molecules (分子) of water vapour, suspended in the air as tiny droplets of water close to the surface of the Earth. It occurs when air saturated (饱和) with water vapour is cooled suddenly, and there are several different ways this can happen. 1 Radiation fog forms over land on calm, clear nights when heat absorbed by the Earth’s surface during the day is radiated into the air. As the heat escapes upwards, air close to the surface is cooled until it reaches saturation. Cold air holds less water vapour than warm air, and the water vapour condenses into fog. Radiation fog will usually ‘burn off’ as the ground begins to warm again, but during winter months it can persist all day. 2 Valley fog usually forms in the lowest parts of a valley as cold, dense air settles and condenses, forming fog. It’s continued from spreading by local hills or mountains, and can persist for several days. 3 Advection fog forms when horizontal winds push warm, moist air over a cool surface, where it condenses into fog. It’s common at sea, where warm, tropical air moves over cooler water. Advection fog can cover wide areas, and the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco Bay is often hidden in advection fog. 4 Upslope fog forms when wind blows moist air up a slope, hill, or mountain, which cools as it rises. As it cools, the moisture condenses, and fog is formed as it continues to drift up the slope. 5 Evaporation fog forms as cold air passes over moist land, or warm water. When the warmer water evaporates into the low bands of air, it warms the air and causes it to rise. As this warm, moist air rises, it mixes with the colder air until its humidity reaches 100 per cent, and fog is formed. 5．Radiation fog may persist for longer than usual when ________. A．more heat rises from the Earth’s surface B．the air close to the surface cools at night C．less heat is absorbed after the sun rises D．the cold air carries less water vapour 6．Which of the following picture best illustrates advection fog? A． B． C． D． 7．According to the passage, what are the common necessary conditions to form fog? (1) When there isn’t much wind.    (2) When there is horizontal wind. (3) Where there is open space.    (4) Where there is water surface. (5) Where vapour is suspended in the air.    (6) When humidity reaches 100%. (7) When saturated air cools down.    (8) When cool air is warmed up. A．(1), (3), (5) and (7). B．(2), (4), (6) and (8). C．(2), (5) and (8). D．(5), (6) and (7). 【答案】5．C 6．B 7．D 【导语】文章介绍了雾的定义及五种雾的形成方式：辐射雾、山谷雾、平流雾、上坡雾和蒸发雾，并分别说明了各自的形成条件和特点。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Radiation fog will usually 'burn off' as the ground begins to warm again, but during winter months it can persist all day. (辐射雾通常会在地面再次升温后逐渐消散，但在冬季，它可以持续一整天)”可知，辐射雾持续更久的原因是地面回暖慢，即太阳升起后地面吸收的热量较少，导致雾无法及时消散。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段“Advection fog forms when horizontal winds push warm, moist air over a cool surface, where it condenses into fog. It's common at sea, where warm, tropical air moves over cooler water. (平流雾形成于水平风将温暖潮湿的空气推过较冷表面时，水汽在此凝结成雾。它常见于海上，温暖的热带空气移过较冷的水面。)”可知，平流雾的关键特征是：水平方向的风将暖湿空气推过冷表面。B图展示的正是暖空气水平移动到冷水面上的情景，符合平流雾的形成过程。 7．细节理解题。根据第一段“Fog consists of molecules of water vapour, suspended in the air as tiny droplets of water (雾由水蒸气分子组成，以微小水滴的形式悬浮在空气中)”可知(5)“水蒸气悬浮在空气中时”是必要条件；根据第一段“It occurs when air saturated with water vapour is cooled suddenly (当饱和水汽的空气突然冷却时就会发生)”可知(7)“饱和空气冷却时。”是必要条件；根据第五段“until its humidity reaches 100 per cent, and fog is formed (直到湿度达到100%，雾就形成了)”可知(6)“湿度达到100%时。”是必要条件。 C 【来源】上海交通大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题 A few years ago I went shopping with Alex for a new motorcycle. He didn’t have a particular model in mind. His only two criteria? A big engine, since too much horsepower is never enough, and since he’s tall, a relaxed riding position. I suggested a Hayabusa. Giggle-inducing power, comfortable bike. Or an XS-14R. Both were within his budget, especially the Hayabusa since the dealer was offering a $ 2,500 discount on a previous year’s model. He rode them both. Loved them both. Then he became fixated on a ZX-6R KRT. Great bike, sure. But a much smaller motor. And a riding position that made him look like a contorted praying mantis (螳螂). Seemed odd. Until it hit me. The purchase of any bike 750cc and under came with a free helmet. A 2017 study published in Marketing Science found that people tend to significantly overvalue “free”. When faced with a choice of selecting one of several available products or possibly buying nothing, people will choose the option with the highest cost-benefit difference. However, decisions about free (zero price) products differ, in that people do not simply subtract costs from benefits but instead perceive the benefits associated with free products as higher. Since my friend also wanted a new helmet, getting one for free was extremely — even irrationally — inviting. After all, the math didn’t work. We eventually negotiated $ 3,200 off the price of the Hayabusa, a price so good that I was tempted to buy it. The free helmet was only worth $ 250. So why would such a smart guy be so easily swayed? As the researchers write: A free product involves benefits and no costs, while a better product for any positive price involves both benefits and costs — it is possible that options that have only benefits create more positive effects compared with options that involve both benefits and costs. In short, free results in instinctive mental shortcuts. Zero is zero; what math do you need to do? Free doesn’t seem to require a cost / benefit analysis; what are the downsides of free? Free seemingly makes an otherwise thoughtful decision simple: “Sure, that might be a good deal but this is free!” Two months later my friend traded in his 6R for a 14R. The previous-year Hayabusa was long gone. But don’t think badly of him. We’ve all been blinded by the power of free. Free shipping on products for a cost that exceeds those savings. Free samples that make us feel the need to reciprocate (回报) the provider’s “generosity” by making a purchase. Free quotes that make us enter a sales funnel we struggle to escape. Whenever something is free, stop and consider the intent, and see “free” as a reason to do even more math. See “free” as a reason to go one step further in evaluating costs and benefits. 8．Why did Alex buy a ZX-6R KRT? A．Because he didn’t excel at math, calculation in particular. B．Because its price was brought down so he could afford it. C．Because he did some research before making the decision. D．Because he thought the motorbike with a giveaway was a good bargain. 9．How does zero-price effect cause smart people to make bad decisions? A．People choose the option with the greatest difference between benefit and cost. B．“Free” is so tempting that we stop being logical and thus end up with a bad deal. C．“Free” means there is no need to negotiate for a big discount on a product or service. D．If a product or service is priced zero, we don’t have to worry about its value. 10．What is NOT a typical example of giving in to this zero-price effect? A．Alice ended up buying a book she didn’t plan to read just to avail the free shipping offer. B．Johnson bought socks of unknown quality because they had a “buy one get one free” offer. C．Joe’s cost / benefit analysis didn’t cloud his judgement or blind him to price calculation faults. D．Teddy appreciated the shop assistant’s generosity and settled for anything but a best deal. 11．What might be the best title of the passage? A．The Worst Deal Ever Made B．When “Free” is Actually the Best Deal C．Paying Too Much When Paying Nothing D．Forget Doing the Math When Shopping 【答案】8．D 9．B 10．C 11．C 【导语】短文借朋友选购摩托车的亲身经历，剖析零价效应如何使人因“免费”做出不理性消费。 【详解】8．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But a much smaller motor. And a riding position that made him look like a contorted praying mantis (螳螂). Seemed odd. Until it hit me. The purchase of any bike 750cc and under came with a free helmet.(但这款车发动机小很多，骑行姿势别扭得像蜷缩的螳螂，十分反常。后来我恍然大悟：排量750cc及以下的摩托车购车赠送头盔)”以及第五段中的“Since my friend also wanted a new helmet, getting one for free was extremely-even irrationally-inviting.(我的朋友刚好也需要新头盔，免费头盔的吸引力强到让他失去理性)”可知，Alex认为附赠头盔的这款车很划算，因此选择它。 9．推理判断题。根据第八段“In short, free results in instinctive mental shortcuts. Zero is zero; what math do you need to do? Free doesn’t seem to require a cost / benefit analysis; what are the downsides of free?( 简而言之，“免费”会让人下意识走思维捷径。零成本就是零，哪里还需要精打细算？面对免费事物，人们似乎不会权衡利弊；免费背后又暗藏哪些弊端呢？)以及第九段“Free seemingly makes an otherwise thoughtful decision simple: “Sure, that might be a good deal but this is free!(“免费”会简化思考：那款车或许划算，但这款有赠品免费拿！)”可知，免费的诱惑会让人丧失逻辑判断，做出吃亏的选择。 10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“But don’t think badly of him. We’ve all been blinded by the power of free. Free shipping on products for a cost that exceeds those savings. Free samples that make us feel the need to reciprocate (回报) the provider’s “generosity” by making a purchase. Free quotes that make us enter a sales funnel we struggle to escape.(但不必苛责他，所有人都会被“免费”蒙蔽：为免运费买下总价远超优惠的商品、试吃赠品后为回馈商家而消费、免费报价诱导我们陷入难以脱身的销售套路)”可知，屈服零价效应指被免费福利干扰理性判断。C选项“乔的成本收益分析没有蒙蔽他的判断，也没有让他忽视价格计算错误”是没有被零价格效应影响的表现，不符合题干要求。 11．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第六段中的“The free helmet was only worth $ 250. So why would such a smart guy be so easily swayed?(免费头盔仅价值250美元，为何聪明人轻易被打动？)”与尾段“Whenever something is free, stop and consider the intent, and see “free” as a reason to do even more math.(遇到免费福利一定要停下来权衡，把免费当作仔细核算利弊的警示)”可知文章主要讲看似不花钱拿赠品，实则付出更高成本。所以C选项“免费之下，代价不菲”为最佳标题。 Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 【来源】上海市行知中学2025-2026学年高三第二学期5月英语月考试卷 Nurturing empathy with a sense of balance As the year’s end approaches, many Americans get bombarded (大量提问) by requests for donations to all manner of charities. I’m an easy target, a softy readily tricked by impassioned requests to help improve the well-being of people, animals and the environment, and I often respond to more appeals than my earnings. This year will be different, thanks to advice from one of the leading experts on empathy, Dr. Helen Riess, associate professor of psychiatry (精神病学) at Harvard Medical School and author of a new book, The Empathy Effect, that explores the neuroscience behind concern for others and offers advice on how to nurture and implement it most effectively. Instead of a scattershot of small gifts to a dozen or more charities, Dr. Riess suggested in an interview that I “pick one or two where a more substantial contribution can really make a difference.” Empathy doesn’t mean saying “yes” to every request, she emphasized. “ 12 .” Let something from your own life experience determine which issues are closest to your heart and most deserve your money, she suggests in her book. For me, that would be education and food security; I’ll leave it to others to save abandoned pets and the planet this year. Perhaps no one knows the importance of balancing feelings with thoughts better than Dr. Judith Orloff, a Los Angeles-based psychiatrist and the author of The Empath’s Survival Guide. Her book can help highly sensitive people avoid taking on everyone else’s needs and problems, which Dr. Riess says can lead to “compassion fatigue” and burnout. “ 13 ” Dr. Orloff said in an interview. “It’s important to be empathetic but also to set healthy limits and boundaries rather than being a doormat (受气包). If you’re a highly sensitive person, you have to learn how to channel your energy. Healthy empathy is when you give from your heart, but not martyr yourself.” Research by Dr. Riess and her collaborators has shown that we are each born with a given number of neurons that participate in an empathetic response. But whether this potential to care appropriately for one’s fellow beings is realized or undermined is largely molded by early life experiences, starting at birth and continuing throughout childhood. How, then, can a healthy degree of empathy be instilled in a child? “ 14 ” Dr. Riess told me. “We’re all born with a certain talent, but it can be dramatically up-regulated or down-regulated depending upon environmental factors” — especially, she said, by the examples set by a child’s caregivers. Dr. Riess urges parents to be role models who show respect and caring for others. Dr. Riess has vivid memories of how her parents demonstrated empathy, by taking turkeys before Thanksgiving to the homes of people who had almost nothing. “Kids tend to focus on what they don’t have — this exposes them to people who have so much less and gives them the gift of being a giver.” With older children, parents might take them to help out in a soup kitchen or visit a nursing home, Dr. Riess suggested. “ 15 ” she wrote. A．There is healthy giving and there is unhealthy, codependent giving that can ultimately make you feel worse. B．As a more rational, less emotional approach, “cognitive empathy” is an ideal approach. C．It’s never too late to guide a child toward greater appreciation of others' feelings. D．Recognize that you can’t save the world, and give to organizations that are most important to you. E．Empathy is a changeable quality; it can be taught. F．Caregivers can cultivate empathy by acknowledging rather than dismissing a child’s distress. 【答案】12．D 13．A 14．E 15．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何平衡培养同理心，多位专家给出捐赠取舍、设立边界、从小引导孩子同理心的可行方法。 【详解】12．上文“Empathy doesn’t mean saying “yes” to every request, she emphasized. (她强调，同理心并不意味着对每一个请求都说“是”。)”指出不必答应所有捐赠请求，下文“Let something from your own life experience determine which issues are closest to your heart and most deserve your money, she suggests in her book. (她在书中建议，让你自己的生活经历决定哪些问题最贴近你的心，最值得你花钱。)”说明要选定心仪机构捐赠。D选项“Recognize that you can’t save the world, and give to organizations that are most important to you. (要认清你无法拯救全世界，只捐助对你最重要的机构。)”承接上文观点，引出下文挑选捐赠方向，符合语境。 13．下文“It’s important to be empathetic but also to set healthy limits and boundaries rather than being a doormat (受气包). (同理心很重要，但也要设定健康的限制和界限，而不是成为受气包。)”区分适度同理心与无底线付出，A选项“There is healthy giving and there is unhealthy, codependent giving that can ultimately make you feel worse. (付出分为健康型付出与不健康的依附式付出，后者最终会让你身心俱疲。)”总领本段，划分两种付出模式，与后文论述相呼应，符合语境。 14．上文“How, then, can a healthy degree of empathy be instilled in a child? (那么该如何培养孩子适度健康的同理心能力？)”提出如何培养孩子同理心的问题，下文“We’re all born with a certain talent, but it can be dramatically up-regulated or down-regulated depending upon environmental factors (我们天生具备同理心潜能，但环境会大幅增强或削弱这种能力)”说明同理心会受后天环境影响改变。E选项“Empathy is a changeable quality; it can be taught. (同理心是可改变的特质，能够后天培养。)”回答前文提问，衔接后文环境影响的内容，符合语境。 15．上文“With older children, parents might take them to help out in a soup kitchen or visit a nursing home, Dr. Riess suggested. (里斯博士建议，家长可以带年龄较大的孩子去救济食堂、养老院做志愿。)”介绍引导大龄孩子同理心的实践方式，前文也提到孩童时期同理心可塑造，C选项“It’s never too late to guide a child toward greater appreciation of others’ feelings. (引导孩子学会体谅他人感受，永远为时不晚。)”承接前文亲子培养同理心的话题，总结对年长孩子开展同理心教育的观点，符合语境。 第二套 Section A Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A 【来源】上海市宜川中学2025-2026学年第二学期阶段练高三英语 For the past four years, I have run Poem Store, a public project where I trade poems typed on a manual typewriter for donations. Most of my work has taken place in Arcata, a small Northern California town that welcomed me so warmly people called me its unofficial town poet. I loved that place. There I wandered through ancient forests, walked the edge of the continent, and knelt beside clear, cold rivers. Yet I also learned another language there — the language of land and ownership. Trees were managed as crops, while protesters sometimes lived high in the branches, trying to save them. I wanted to understand both sides. That wish led me to Neal Ewald of Green Diamond Resource Company, a company often criticized for its logging practices. One day at the market, Neal asked me to write a poem about being underwater. I wrote: “With the weight of water around us, we look up and know all the force of the world lies deep in such an unknown place.” The poem touched him. Soon after, he mailed me a book of letters written by his wife during the final months of her life. He asked me to write another poem, one that he and his children could read when they missed her. He wanted no borrowed song, no famous lines — only words shaped for her life and her memory. I read the letters carefully and wrote Wendy’s poem. When I gave it to Neal, our connection deepened. Out of shared sorrow grew an unlikely friendship. We had dinners, started a book club, and walked together in the woods. We spoke of grief, love, protest, business, and the future of the forests. Neal often returned to one word: yes. He believed even opponents should search for the place where conversation could begin. Later, a young protester named Farmer, who had been living secretly in the trees, agreed to meet Neal. They disagreed on almost everything, yet they chose to listen. In time, the McKay Tract, home to old-growth redwoods, was spared, and much of it moved toward becoming a community forest. I still trace that change back to a pair of poems — one about deep water, one about love that outlived loss. Together, they became a small spark that proved how quietly one human connection can light the dark. 1．Why did the author want to connect with Neal at first? A．To ask Neal to support the Poem Store project. B．To invite Neal to join local environmental protests. C．To better understand opposing views on the forests. D．To learn how to manage a successful wood company. 2．What was Neal’s requirement for the second poem? A．It had to teach the public about forests. B．It had to be written especially for his wife. C．It had to be related to underwater experience. D．It had to be chosen first by his children together. 3．What happened to the McKay Tract after Neal and Farmer began to listen to each other? A．It was protected for local public use. B．It was sold to Farmer and his supporters. C．It was closed to become a redwood reserve. D．It was cut down under a new community plan. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．How poetry helped bring people together. B．Why poetry could not ease personal grief. C．How poetry made a town famous for its forests. D．Why poetry could not improve a company’s image. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．A 【导语】文章讲述了作者通过诗歌与伐木公司负责人Neal建立联系，进而促成了环保人士与公司之间的对话，最终使一片古老红杉林得以保护的故事。   【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Yet I also learned another language there — the language of land and ownership. Trees were managed as crops, while protesters sometimes lived high in the branches, trying to save them. I wanted to understand both sides.(然而，我也在那里学到了另一种语言——关于土地和所有权的语言。树木被当作农作物来管理，抗议者有时会住在树枝高处，试图拯救它们。我想了解双方的想法。)”及第三段中“That wish led me to Neal Ewald of Green Diamond Resource Company(这个愿望让我找到了绿钻资源公司的Neal Ewald)”可知，作者最初想联系Neal是为了更好地理解关于森林的对立观点。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Soon after, he mailed me a book of letters written by his wife during the final months of her life. He asked me to write another poem, one that he and his children could read when they missed her. He wanted no borrowed song, no famous lines — only words shaped for her life and her memory.(不久之后，他寄给我一本他妻子在生命的最后几个月里写的信。他让我再写一首诗，一首他和孩子们想念她时可以读的诗。他不想要借来的歌，不想要名句——只想要为她的生活和记忆量身定制的文字。)”可知，Neal对第二首诗的要求是必须专门为他的妻子而写。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In time, the McKay Tract, home to old-growth redwoods, was spared, and much of it moved toward becoming a community forest.(最终，古老红杉林的家园McKay Tract得以保留，其中大部分逐渐成为一片社区森林。)”可知，在Neal和Farmer开始倾听彼此之后，McKay Tract得到了保护，供当地公众使用。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，作者通过写诗与伐木公司负责人Neal建立联系，进而促成了环保人士与公司之间的对话，最终使森林得到保护。文章最后一段“Together, they became a small spark that proved how quietly one human connection can light the dark.(它们共同成为一小簇火花，证明了人与人之间的联系能多么安静地照亮黑暗。)”点明了主旨：诗歌如何将人们凝聚在一起。 B 【来源】上海市南洋模范中学2025-2026学年高三上学期初态考英语试卷 The Shimmering State by Meredith Westgate. Atria Books, 2021 ($27) Memoroxin, a personalized pill that replaces memories in people with Alzheimer’s, is being abused as a recreational drug. Disconnected from reality, Lucien and Sophie meet at a “Mem” health recovery center in Los Angeles, where personal psychological traumas, along with foreign memories, can be removed. They feel drawn to each other; have they met before? Like the film Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind , The Shimmering State explores whether the joys and pains of love can ever be fully erased. Through interconnected relationships, the novel delves into some of the moral dilemmas of a technology that can catalog and edit consciousness. —Jen Schwartz     Dark and Magical Places: The Neuroscience of Navigation by Christopher Kemp. W.W. Norton, 2022 ($26.95) Navigation is one of the most complex cognitive tasks humans engage in daily. In this fascinating dive into the brain, neurobiology researcher Christopher Kemp explores how we orient where we’re going, why we lose our way, and what scientists know about how we do both these things. Kemp’s explanations of concepts such as grid cells are clear and engaging, but the book shines brightest in his entertaining descriptions of his own chronic lostness, as well as in surprisingly moving stories about people who have wandered dangerously off route. Some make it home, but others don’t. —Tess Joosse Secret Worlds: The Extraordinary Senses of Animals by Martin Stevens. Oxford University Press, 2021 ($25.95) Ecologist Martin Stevens catalogs animals’ sensory systems and how they exceed our own while informing and challenging our reality as humans. The book has a narrative and inquisitive style that will show examples of the amazing capabilities they allow, from nocturnal dung beetles that orientate by using the Milky Way to sea turtles that navigate currents by reading the earth’s magnetic fields. Secret Worlds is filled with lessons on how different species evolved to perceive the world. —Jen St.Jude Once There Were Wolves by Charlotte McConaghy. Flatiron Books, 2021 ($27.99) Australian writer Charlotte McConaghy (author of Migrations ) delivers a thrilling and touching novel about a woman named Inti Flynn and her team of biologists who reintroduce gray wolves into Scotland’s remote Highlands. At first, the wolves seem to thrive, but when a farmer gets hurt, she suspects the man she loves. Her story unfolds as a social and scientific meditation on the consequences of influencing ecosystems, while reminding us that humans and animals alike can break our hearts. —Amy Brady 5．What can we infer from the introduction of The Shimmering State? A．Memoroxin, which cures Alzheimer’s, is a recreational drug. B．Lucien and Sophie feel drawn to each other for foreign memories. C．The book suggests the joys and pains of love should be completely removed. D．Editing consciousness by a technology may bring about some moral problems. 6．It can be learned from the whole passage that__________. A．among the four books, only Dark and Magical Places touches upon the topic of navigation B．the heroine in Once There Were Wolves doesn’t believe the farmer is hurt by wolves C．the highlights of Dark and Magical Places are Kemp’s explanations of some concepts D．McConaghy’s novel merely focuses on the social and scientific impact on the ecosystems 7．If Bob is interested in science and wants to gain more insight into animals’ perception of the world, which of the books should be recommended? A．The Shimmering State B．Dark and Magical Places C．Secret Worlds D．Once There Were Wolves 【答案】5．D 6．B 7．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要以书籍推荐的形式，分别介绍了四本不同类型的书籍，包括科幻小说、神经生物学科普书、动物感官科普书和生态主题小说，简要说明了每本书的作者、出版社、定价及核心内容。 【详解】5．推理判断题。根据《The Shimmering State》部分中的“Through interconnected relationships, the novel delves into some of the moral dilemmas of a technology that can catalog and edit consciousness.(这部小说通过人与人之间紧密相连的关系，深入探讨了一种能够记录并编辑人类意识的技术所引发的一些道德困境)”可推断，利用该技术编辑意识可能会带来一些道德层面的问题。故选D。 6．细节理解题。根据《Once There Were Wolves》部分中的“At first, the wolves seem to thrive, but when a farmer gets hurt, she suspects the man she loves.(起初，这些狼似乎适应得很好，但当一位农夫遭遇意外受伤后，她却怀疑上了自己深爱的男人)”可知，农夫受伤后，女主角并未怀疑是狼造成的，反而怀疑自己爱的人，由此可推断她不相信农夫是被狼所伤。故选B。 7．细节理解题。根据《Secret Worlds: The Extraordinary Senses of Animals》部分中的“Ecologist Martin Stevens catalogs animals’ sensory systems and how they exceed our own while informing and challenging our reality as humans.(生态学家马丁·史蒂文斯详细记载了动物的感官系统，以及这些系统如何超越人类的感官系统，同时为人类认知现实提供新的视角，也对人类既有的认知提出挑战)”和“Secret Worlds is filled with lessons on how different species evolved to perceive the world.(《神秘世界》一书详细阐述了不同物种如何进化出感知世界的能力)”可知，这两句话明确说明该书围绕动物的感官系统展开，讲解了不同动物感知世界的方式，恰好契合Bob想要了解动物对世界的感知这一需求。故选C。 C 【来源】2025届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试卷 The technological singularity (技术奇点) is a theoretical scenario where technological growth becomes uncontrollable and irreversible, leading to profound and unpredictable changes to human civilization. In theory, this phenomenon is driven by the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) that surpasses human cognitive (认知的) capabilities and can autonomously enhance itself. The theory suggests that such advancements could evolve at a pace so rapid that humans would be unable to foresee or stop the process. The implications of reaching this singularity point could be good or disastrous for the human race. For now,the concept stays within the boundaries of science fiction, but nonetheless, it’s still worth thinking about what such a future might look like,so that humanity might steer AI development in such a way as to promote its civilizational interests. The timeline for reaching the technological singularity is a subject of much debate among experts. Ray Kurzweil, one of the most vocal advocates of the singularity, has famously predicted that the singularity is near and will happen by 2045. His prediction is based on trends such as Moore’s law and the increasing rate of technological advancements in fields such as computing, Al and biotechnology. Other experts cast more doubt on the prediction or propose different timelines. Some suggest that while Al will continue to advance, the complexities and unforeseen challenges of achieving superintelligence might delay the singularity beyond this century, if it happens at all.Systems theorist Richard Coren,in his book The Evolutionary Trajectory, projects a singularity in 2140. Technological, ethical and regulatory challenges might all potentially slow the pace of AI development. Moreover, figures such as Roman Yampolskiy point out that predicting the exact timeline is extremely difficult due to the exceptional nature of the singularity itself. The developments leading to a singularity involve many variables, including breakthroughs in AI algorithms, hardware capabilities and socictal factors that are hard to forecast with accuracy. Eamonn Healy, a professor at St.Edward’s University, assumes the evolution, particularly in terms of technological and intellectual advancement, is proceeding at an ever-increasing pace, compressing what used to take millennia into centuries and even shorter time frames. This concept of the acceleration (加速) of technological advancements echoes the views of futurists such as Ray Kurzweil, who predict that such changes might occur around the mid-21st century. 8．The underlined word “steer” in the passage is closest in meaning to_________. A．quicken B．restrict C．direct D．predict 9．If an expert foresees the singularity in less than 30 years, who might he team up with? A．Ray Kurzweil and Richard Coren. B．Eamonn Healy and Ray Kurzweil. C．Roman Yampolskiy and Eamonn Healy. D．Richard Coren and Roman Yampolskiy. 10．What best describes Roman Yampolskiy’s attitude toward predicting the singularity? A．Reserved. B．Optimistic. C．Indifferent. D．Neutral. 11．Which statement best summarizes the passage? A．The singularity is a guaranteed event with clear benefits. B．The singularity’s timelinc and implications remain uncertain. C．Experts agree the singularity will occur by 2045 without delay. D．AI development is accelerated due to regulatory obstacles. 【答案】8．C 9．B 10．A 11．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了技术奇点的概念、影响及专家对其到来时间的争议。 8．词句猜测题。根据划线单词前半句话“For now, the concept stays within the boundaries of science fiction, but nonetheless, it's still worth thinking about what such a future might look like(目前，这个概念仍处于科幻小说的范畴之内，但尽管如此，思考一下这样的未来可能是什么样子仍然是值得的)”以及后面“AI development in such a way as to promote its civilizational interests(以促进人类文明利益的方式发展人工智能)”可知，技术奇点目前还处于科幻范畴，但思考其未来模样很有价值，目的是为了引导人工智能发展，进而促进文明利益。由此推知，划线词steer意思是“引导、指引”。故选C。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Ray Kurzweil, one of the most vocal advocates of the singularity, has famously predicted that the singularity is near and will happen by 2045.(雷·库兹韦尔是技术奇点最直言不讳的支持者之一，他曾预言技术奇点即将到来，并将在2045年之前发生)”以及最后一段“Eamonn Healy, a professor at St. Edward's University, assumes the evolution, particularly in terms of technological and intellectual advancement, is proceeding at an ever-increasing pace, compressing what used to take millennia into centuries and even shorter time frames. This concept of the acceleration of technological advancements echoes the views of futurists such as Ray Kurzweil, who predict that such changes might occur around the mid-21st century.(圣爱德华大学的教授伊蒙·希利认为，进化，特别是在技术和智力进步方面，正在以越来越快的速度进行，将过去需要数千年才能完成的事情压缩到几百年甚至更短的时间内。这种技术加速发展的概念与雷·库兹韦尔等未来主义者的观点相呼应，他们预测这种变化可能发生在21世纪中期左右)”可知，如果一位专家预测技术奇点将在不到30年内出现，他可能会与雷·库兹韦尔和伊蒙·希利的观点一致。故选B。 10．推理判断题。根据第五段的“Moreover, figures such as Roman Yampolskiy point out that predicting the exact timeline is extremely difficult due to the exceptional nature of the singularity itself.(此外，罗曼·亚姆波尔斯基等人指出，由于技术奇点本身的特殊性，预测其确切的时间线极其困难)”可推知，罗曼·亚姆波尔斯基对预测技术奇点的态度是有所保留的。故选A。 11．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，尤其是第一段“The technological singularity(技术奇点)is a theoretical scenario where technological growth becomes uncontrollable and irreversible,leading to profound and unpredictable changes to human civilization.(技术奇点是一种理论设想，在这种设想中，技术的发展变得不可控制且不可逆转，从而给人类文明带来深刻且难以预料的变化)”可知，文章主要讲述了技术奇点的概念、不同专家对其发生时间的预测以及预测的不确定性。由此可知，B选项“技术奇点的时间线和影响仍然不确定”最能概括文章大意。故选B。 Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 【来源】2025届上海市格致中学高三下学期5月三模英语试卷 If you’re like most people, you think you are smart enough to avoid advertising. 12 That, at least, is what we tell ourselves. But what we tell ourselves is wrong. Advertising works, which is why, even in hard economic times, Madison Avenue is a $34 billion-a-year business. Lindstrom is a practitioner of neuromarketing research, in which consumers are exposed to ads while connected to machines that monitor brain activity, pupil dilation, sweat responses and flickers in facial muscles, all of which are markers of emotion. According to his studies, 83% of all forms of advertising principally engage only one of our senses:sight. Hearing, however, can be just as powerful, though advertisers have taken only limited advantage of it. Historically, ads have relied on slogans to catch our ear, largely ignoring everyday sounds—a steak sizzling, a baby laughing and other noises our bodies can’t help paying attention to. 13 To figure out what most appeals to our ear, Lindstrom wired up his volunteers, then played recordings of dozens of familiar sounds, from MeDonald’s ubiquitous “I’m Lovin’ It” slogan to cigarettes being lit. The sound that blew the doors off(远远胜过)all the rest—both in terms of interest and positive feelings—was a baby giggling. The other high-ranking sounds were less original but still powerful. The repetitive sound of a cell phone was Lindstrom’s second-place winner. Others that followed were an ATM distributing cash and a soda being popped and poured. In all of these cases, it didn’t take a professional to invent the sounds, infuse them with meaning and then play them over and over until the subjects internalized them. 14 TV advertisers aren’t the only ones who may start putting sound to greater use. Retailers are also catching on. The 0101 department store in Japan, for example, has been designed as a series of soundscapes, playing different sound effects such as children at play, birdsongs and lapping water in the sportswear, fragrance and formal-wear sections. Lindstrom is consulting with clients about employing a similar strategy in European supermarkets, piping the sound of fizzing soda into the beverage department. None of this means that advertisers just have to turn the audio dials and consumers will come running. Indeed, sometimes, they flee. In the early years of mainstream cell-phone use, the Nokia ringtone was recognized by 42% people in the UK—and soon became widely disliked. That, Lindstrom says, was partly because so few users practiced cell-phone etiquette and the blasted things kept going off in movie theatres. 15 , because people so often hear it when they are rebooting after their computer has crashed. In these cases, manufacturers themselves must reboot by changing the offending sound slightly or replacing it entirely. A．Weave this stuff into an ad campaign, and we may be powerless to resist it. B．Even when we solve the problem about when advertising works, we need to move on to the larger problem of predicting what works. C．The Microsoft start-up sound has taken on similarly negative associations. D．Major companies realized the importance of taking advantage of consumers’ curiosity about new commodities and make it a marketing strategy. E．Rather, the sounds already had meaning and thus triggered a series of reactions: hunger, thirst, happy expectation. F．You flip right past newspaper ads, never click on ads online and leave the room during TV commercials. 【答案】12．F 13．A 14．E 15．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了我们在日常生活中总是试图远离广告，但这是徒劳的，广告对我们的影响是巨大的。 【详解】12．前文“If you’re like most people, you think you are smart enough to avoid advertising.（如果你和大多数人一样，你认为自己足够聪明，可以远离广告。）”说明常人对广告的错误认知，后文“That, at least, is what we tell ourselves. But what we tell ourselves is wrong. Advertising works, which is why, even in hard economic times, Madison Avenue is a $34 billion-a-year business.（至少，这是我们告诉自己的。但我们告诉自己的是错误的。广告是有效的，这就是为什么即使在经济困难时期，麦迪逊大道也是一家年收入340亿美元的企业。）”举例子说明人们的主观感受是错误的。选项F（你掠过报纸广告的信息，从不点击在线广告，在电视广告期间离开房间）承接前文，指出“聪明的”人们是如何远离广告的，又呼应了下文对人们主观认为的“看似聪明”的做法的评价，that指代的便是选项F中人们的做法。故选F。 13．前文的“According to his studies, 83% of all forms of advertising principally engage only one of our senses; sight. Hearing, however, can be just as powerful, though advertisers have taken only limited advantage of it. Historically, ads have relied on slogans to catch our ear, largely ignoring everyday sounds—a steak sizzling, a baby laughing and other noises our bodies can’t help paying attention to. （根据他的研究，83%的所有形式的广告主要只涉及我们的一种感官：视觉。然而，听觉也同样强大，尽管广告商只是有限地利用了它。从历史上看，广告一直依靠口号来吸引我们的耳朵，而在很大程度上忽略了日常的声音——牛排嘶嘶作响、婴儿大笑和其他我们身体忍不住要注意的声音。）”提到了过去的广告忽略了声音的作用，A项（把这些东西编进广告活动，我们可能无力抵抗。）承接上文，说明声音对顾客的影响是很大的，选项中的this stuff指的便是前文出现的“a steak sizzling, a baby laughing and other noises our bodies can’t help paying attention to（牛排嘶嘶作响、婴儿大笑和其他我们身体忍不住要注意的声音）”，故选A。 14．前文“In all of these cases, it didn’t take a professional to invent the sounds, infuse them with meaning and then play them over and over until the subjects internalized them. （在所有这些情况下，不需要专业人员就可以创造声音并赋予其意义，也不需要反复播放直到受试者将其内化。）”提到了。 E项（而这些声音已经有了意义，因此引发了一系列反应，即对“饥饿、口渴、快乐”的期待。）承接前文，说明，这些声音能够吸引顾客产生购买的欲望，无需额外做什么，解决本题的关键词是前文出现的“it didn’t take…”，其中的not与选项E的rather建立了语义上的联系，“not…rather…”解释为“不是……而是……”。故选E。 15．前文“ the blasted things kept going off in movie theatres.（电影院里的喧闹声此起彼伏）”提到了让人们感到反感的声音，C选项（微软初创公司的声音也出现了类似的负面联想。）承接前文，指出了微软初创公司的类似情况，与后文的“ because people so often hear it when they are rebooting after their computer has crashed（因为人们在电脑崩溃后重新启动时经常听到这种声音）”相呼应，C选项中的it指的是“微软初创公司电脑崩溃后重新启动时的声音”。故选C。 17 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 综合训练14：阅读理解单选、阅读六选四组合练（IV） （满分：60分，推荐用时：60分钟） 第一套 Section A Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A 【来源】上海市实验学校2024-2025学年高三上学期十月月考英语试题 Moby-Dick was, for me, one of those books classified of “things you should have read a long time ago”. And as I am a mathematician, despite my interest in literature, my intellectual priorities did not include a 400-page novel about whales. That all changed one day when I overheard a mathematician friend mention that Moby-Dick contains a reference to cycloids. Cycloids are among the most beautiful mathematical curves in existence — the French mathematician Blaise Pascal found them so distractingly fascinating that he claimed merely thinking about them could relieve the pain of a bad toothache — but applications to whaling are not usually listed on their resume. Curious, I finally read Moby-Dick, and was delighted to find that it is full of mathematical metaphors. I realized further it’s not just Herman Melville; Leo Tolstoy writes about calculus (微积分), James Joyce about geometry. Regretfully, the connections between mathematics and literature have not received the attention they deserve. In fact, they are often considered to be against each other. I recall that at the end of my very last English class at school, in 1991, the teacher gave me a lovely handwritten note with a long list of books she thought I might like, saying, “Sorry to lose you to the lab.” The idea that one would have to choose between mathematics and literature is, I think, something of a tragedy — not only because the two fields are fundamentally linked, but also because understanding these links can enhance your enjoyment of both. The perceived boundary between math and literature is actually a very recent idea. For most of recorded history, mathematics was part of every educated person’s cultural awareness. The 11th-century Persian scholar Omar Khayyam, to whom the poetry collection known as the Rubaiyat is credited, was also a mathematician, and created beautiful geometric solutions to mathematical problems. In the 14th century, Chaucer wrote both The Canterbury Tales and a paper on the astrolabe (星盘，用于测量天体的距离). There are innumerable such examples, not least that of Lewis Carroll, who, of course, was a mathematician first and an author second. There is a deeper reason we find mathematics at the heart of literature. The universe is full of underlying structure, pattern and regularity, and mathematics is the best tool we have for understanding it. That’s why mathematics is often called the language of the universe, and why it is so vital to science. Since we humans are part of the universe, it is only natural that our forms of creative expression, literature among them, will also reveal a tendency for pattern and structure. 1．What inspired the author to read Moby-Dick? A．The topic of the book. B．His friend’s recommendation. C．His long-time interest in literature. D．There being some maths in the book. 2．The author’s English teacher’s words are mentioned in paragraph 4 in order to ________. A．form a sharp contrast with the attainment he later made B．imply that mathematics and literature haven’t received proper attention C．protest against the unfair treatment he once received while young D．show that maths and literature are regarded as distinctive subjects 3．What do Omar Khayyam, Chaucer and Lewis Carroll have in common? A．All of them were famous novelists. B．All of them were in favour of reading widely. C．All of them were masters in both maths and literature. D．All of them were aware of the boundary between maths and literature. 4．Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with? A．Taking on maths and giving up literature was not a wise choice for him. B．Both maths and literature are part of the pursuit to understand the universe. C．There is enough research on the connections between maths and literature. D．Mathematicians may find it hard to understand ideas embedded in literature. B 【来源】2026届上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学高三5月考前模拟英语试题 Fog consists of molecules (分子) of water vapour, suspended in the air as tiny droplets of water close to the surface of the Earth. It occurs when air saturated (饱和) with water vapour is cooled suddenly, and there are several different ways this can happen. 1 Radiation fog forms over land on calm, clear nights when heat absorbed by the Earth’s surface during the day is radiated into the air. As the heat escapes upwards, air close to the surface is cooled until it reaches saturation. Cold air holds less water vapour than warm air, and the water vapour condenses into fog. Radiation fog will usually ‘burn off’ as the ground begins to warm again, but during winter months it can persist all day. 2 Valley fog usually forms in the lowest parts of a valley as cold, dense air settles and condenses, forming fog. It’s continued from spreading by local hills or mountains, and can persist for several days. 3 Advection fog forms when horizontal winds push warm, moist air over a cool surface, where it condenses into fog. It’s common at sea, where warm, tropical air moves over cooler water. Advection fog can cover wide areas, and the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco Bay is often hidden in advection fog. 4 Upslope fog forms when wind blows moist air up a slope, hill, or mountain, which cools as it rises. As it cools, the moisture condenses, and fog is formed as it continues to drift up the slope. 5 Evaporation fog forms as cold air passes over moist land, or warm water. When the warmer water evaporates into the low bands of air, it warms the air and causes it to rise. As this warm, moist air rises, it mixes with the colder air until its humidity reaches 100 per cent, and fog is formed. 5．Radiation fog may persist for longer than usual when ________. A．more heat rises from the Earth’s surface B．the air close to the surface cools at night C．less heat is absorbed after the sun rises D．the cold air carries less water vapour 6．Which of the following picture best illustrates advection fog? A． B． C． D． 7．According to the passage, what are the common necessary conditions to form fog? (1) When there isn’t much wind.    (2) When there is horizontal wind. (3) Where there is open space.    (4) Where there is water surface. (5) Where vapour is suspended in the air.    (6) When humidity reaches 100%. (7) When saturated air cools down.    (8) When cool air is warmed up. A．(1), (3), (5) and (7). B．(2), (4), (6) and (8). C．(2), (5) and (8). D．(5), (6) and (7). C 【来源】上海交通大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题 A few years ago I went shopping with Alex for a new motorcycle. He didn’t have a particular model in mind. His only two criteria? A big engine, since too much horsepower is never enough, and since he’s tall, a relaxed riding position. I suggested a Hayabusa. Giggle-inducing power, comfortable bike. Or an XS-14R. Both were within his budget, especially the Hayabusa since the dealer was offering a $ 2,500 discount on a previous year’s model. He rode them both. Loved them both. Then he became fixated on a ZX-6R KRT. Great bike, sure. But a much smaller motor. And a riding position that made him look like a contorted praying mantis (螳螂). Seemed odd. Until it hit me. The purchase of any bike 750cc and under came with a free helmet. A 2017 study published in Marketing Science found that people tend to significantly overvalue “free”. When faced with a choice of selecting one of several available products or possibly buying nothing, people will choose the option with the highest cost-benefit difference. However, decisions about free (zero price) products differ, in that people do not simply subtract costs from benefits but instead perceive the benefits associated with free products as higher. Since my friend also wanted a new helmet, getting one for free was extremely — even irrationally — inviting. After all, the math didn’t work. We eventually negotiated $ 3,200 off the price of the Hayabusa, a price so good that I was tempted to buy it. The free helmet was only worth $ 250. So why would such a smart guy be so easily swayed? As the researchers write: A free product involves benefits and no costs, while a better product for any positive price involves both benefits and costs — it is possible that options that have only benefits create more positive effects compared with options that involve both benefits and costs. In short, free results in instinctive mental shortcuts. Zero is zero; what math do you need to do? Free doesn’t seem to require a cost / benefit analysis; what are the downsides of free? Free seemingly makes an otherwise thoughtful decision simple: “Sure, that might be a good deal but this is free!” Two months later my friend traded in his 6R for a 14R. The previous-year Hayabusa was long gone. But don’t think badly of him. We’ve all been blinded by the power of free. Free shipping on products for a cost that exceeds those savings. Free samples that make us feel the need to reciprocate (回报) the provider’s “generosity” by making a purchase. Free quotes that make us enter a sales funnel we struggle to escape. Whenever something is free, stop and consider the intent, and see “free” as a reason to do even more math. See “free” as a reason to go one step further in evaluating costs and benefits. 8．Why did Alex buy a ZX-6R KRT? A．Because he didn’t excel at math, calculation in particular. B．Because its price was brought down so he could afford it. C．Because he did some research before making the decision. D．Because he thought the motorbike with a giveaway was a good bargain. 9．How does zero-price effect cause smart people to make bad decisions? A．People choose the option with the greatest difference between benefit and cost. B．“Free” is so tempting that we stop being logical and thus end up with a bad deal. C．“Free” means there is no need to negotiate for a big discount on a product or service. D．If a product or service is priced zero, we don’t have to worry about its value. 10．What is NOT a typical example of giving in to this zero-price effect? A．Alice ended up buying a book she didn’t plan to read just to avail the free shipping offer. B．Johnson bought socks of unknown quality because they had a “buy one get one free” offer. C．Joe’s cost / benefit analysis didn’t cloud his judgement or blind him to price calculation faults. D．Teddy appreciated the shop assistant’s generosity and settled for anything but a best deal. 11．What might be the best title of the passage? A．The Worst Deal Ever Made B．When “Free” is Actually the Best Deal C．Paying Too Much When Paying Nothing D．Forget Doing the Math When Shopping Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 【来源】上海市行知中学2025-2026学年高三第二学期5月英语月考试卷 Nurturing empathy with a sense of balance As the year’s end approaches, many Americans get bombarded (大量提问) by requests for donations to all manner of charities. I’m an easy target, a softy readily tricked by impassioned requests to help improve the well-being of people, animals and the environment, and I often respond to more appeals than my earnings. This year will be different, thanks to advice from one of the leading experts on empathy, Dr. Helen Riess, associate professor of psychiatry (精神病学) at Harvard Medical School and author of a new book, The Empathy Effect, that explores the neuroscience behind concern for others and offers advice on how to nurture and implement it most effectively. Instead of a scattershot of small gifts to a dozen or more charities, Dr. Riess suggested in an interview that I “pick one or two where a more substantial contribution can really make a difference.” Empathy doesn’t mean saying “yes” to every request, she emphasized. “ 12 .” Let something from your own life experience determine which issues are closest to your heart and most deserve your money, she suggests in her book. For me, that would be education and food security; I’ll leave it to others to save abandoned pets and the planet this year. Perhaps no one knows the importance of balancing feelings with thoughts better than Dr. Judith Orloff, a Los Angeles-based psychiatrist and the author of The Empath’s Survival Guide. Her book can help highly sensitive people avoid taking on everyone else’s needs and problems, which Dr. Riess says can lead to “compassion fatigue” and burnout. “ 13 ” Dr. Orloff said in an interview. “It’s important to be empathetic but also to set healthy limits and boundaries rather than being a doormat (受气包). If you’re a highly sensitive person, you have to learn how to channel your energy. Healthy empathy is when you give from your heart, but not martyr yourself.” Research by Dr. Riess and her collaborators has shown that we are each born with a given number of neurons that participate in an empathetic response. But whether this potential to care appropriately for one’s fellow beings is realized or undermined is largely molded by early life experiences, starting at birth and continuing throughout childhood. How, then, can a healthy degree of empathy be instilled in a child? “ 14 ” Dr. Riess told me. “We’re all born with a certain talent, but it can be dramatically up-regulated or down-regulated depending upon environmental factors” — especially, she said, by the examples set by a child’s caregivers. Dr. Riess urges parents to be role models who show respect and caring for others. Dr. Riess has vivid memories of how her parents demonstrated empathy, by taking turkeys before Thanksgiving to the homes of people who had almost nothing. “Kids tend to focus on what they don’t have — this exposes them to people who have so much less and gives them the gift of being a giver.” With older children, parents might take them to help out in a soup kitchen or visit a nursing home, Dr. Riess suggested. “ 15 ” she wrote. A．There is healthy giving and there is unhealthy, codependent giving that can ultimately make you feel worse. B．As a more rational, less emotional approach, “cognitive empathy” is an ideal approach. C．It’s never too late to guide a child toward greater appreciation of others' feelings. D．Recognize that you can’t save the world, and give to organizations that are most important to you. E．Empathy is a changeable quality; it can be taught. F．Caregivers can cultivate empathy by acknowledging rather than dismissing a child’s distress. 第二套 Section A Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A 【来源】上海市宜川中学2025-2026学年第二学期阶段练高三英语 For the past four years, I have run Poem Store, a public project where I trade poems typed on a manual typewriter for donations. Most of my work has taken place in Arcata, a small Northern California town that welcomed me so warmly people called me its unofficial town poet. I loved that place. There I wandered through ancient forests, walked the edge of the continent, and knelt beside clear, cold rivers. Yet I also learned another language there — the language of land and ownership. Trees were managed as crops, while protesters sometimes lived high in the branches, trying to save them. I wanted to understand both sides. That wish led me to Neal Ewald of Green Diamond Resource Company, a company often criticized for its logging practices. One day at the market, Neal asked me to write a poem about being underwater. I wrote: “With the weight of water around us, we look up and know all the force of the world lies deep in such an unknown place.” The poem touched him. Soon after, he mailed me a book of letters written by his wife during the final months of her life. He asked me to write another poem, one that he and his children could read when they missed her. He wanted no borrowed song, no famous lines — only words shaped for her life and her memory. I read the letters carefully and wrote Wendy’s poem. When I gave it to Neal, our connection deepened. Out of shared sorrow grew an unlikely friendship. We had dinners, started a book club, and walked together in the woods. We spoke of grief, love, protest, business, and the future of the forests. Neal often returned to one word: yes. He believed even opponents should search for the place where conversation could begin. Later, a young protester named Farmer, who had been living secretly in the trees, agreed to meet Neal. They disagreed on almost everything, yet they chose to listen. In time, the McKay Tract, home to old-growth redwoods, was spared, and much of it moved toward becoming a community forest. I still trace that change back to a pair of poems — one about deep water, one about love that outlived loss. Together, they became a small spark that proved how quietly one human connection can light the dark. 1．Why did the author want to connect with Neal at first? A．To ask Neal to support the Poem Store project. B．To invite Neal to join local environmental protests. C．To better understand opposing views on the forests. D．To learn how to manage a successful wood company. 2．What was Neal’s requirement for the second poem? A．It had to teach the public about forests. B．It had to be written especially for his wife. C．It had to be related to underwater experience. D．It had to be chosen first by his children together. 3．What happened to the McKay Tract after Neal and Farmer began to listen to each other? A．It was protected for local public use. B．It was sold to Farmer and his supporters. C．It was closed to become a redwood reserve. D．It was cut down under a new community plan. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．How poetry helped bring people together. B．Why poetry could not ease personal grief. C．How poetry made a town famous for its forests. D．Why poetry could not improve a company’s image. B 【来源】上海市南洋模范中学2025-2026学年高三上学期初态考英语试卷 The Shimmering State by Meredith Westgate. Atria Books, 2021 ($27) Memoroxin, a personalized pill that replaces memories in people with Alzheimer’s, is being abused as a recreational drug. Disconnected from reality, Lucien and Sophie meet at a “Mem” health recovery center in Los Angeles, where personal psychological traumas, along with foreign memories, can be removed. They feel drawn to each other; have they met before? Like the film Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind , The Shimmering State explores whether the joys and pains of love can ever be fully erased. Through interconnected relationships, the novel delves into some of the moral dilemmas of a technology that can catalog and edit consciousness. —Jen Schwartz     Dark and Magical Places: The Neuroscience of Navigation by Christopher Kemp. W.W. Norton, 2022 ($26.95) Navigation is one of the most complex cognitive tasks humans engage in daily. In this fascinating dive into the brain, neurobiology researcher Christopher Kemp explores how we orient where we’re going, why we lose our way, and what scientists know about how we do both these things. Kemp’s explanations of concepts such as grid cells are clear and engaging, but the book shines brightest in his entertaining descriptions of his own chronic lostness, as well as in surprisingly moving stories about people who have wandered dangerously off route. Some make it home, but others don’t. —Tess Joosse Secret Worlds: The Extraordinary Senses of Animals by Martin Stevens. Oxford University Press, 2021 ($25.95) Ecologist Martin Stevens catalogs animals’ sensory systems and how they exceed our own while informing and challenging our reality as humans. The book has a narrative and inquisitive style that will show examples of the amazing capabilities they allow, from nocturnal dung beetles that orientate by using the Milky Way to sea turtles that navigate currents by reading the earth’s magnetic fields. Secret Worlds is filled with lessons on how different species evolved to perceive the world. —Jen St.Jude Once There Were Wolves by Charlotte McConaghy. Flatiron Books, 2021 ($27.99) Australian writer Charlotte McConaghy (author of Migrations ) delivers a thrilling and touching novel about a woman named Inti Flynn and her team of biologists who reintroduce gray wolves into Scotland’s remote Highlands. At first, the wolves seem to thrive, but when a farmer gets hurt, she suspects the man she loves. Her story unfolds as a social and scientific meditation on the consequences of influencing ecosystems, while reminding us that humans and animals alike can break our hearts. —Amy Brady 5．What can we infer from the introduction of The Shimmering State? A．Memoroxin, which cures Alzheimer’s, is a recreational drug. B．Lucien and Sophie feel drawn to each other for foreign memories. C．The book suggests the joys and pains of love should be completely removed. D．Editing consciousness by a technology may bring about some moral problems. 6．It can be learned from the whole passage that__________. A．among the four books, only Dark and Magical Places touches upon the topic of navigation B．the heroine in Once There Were Wolves doesn’t believe the farmer is hurt by wolves C．the highlights of Dark and Magical Places are Kemp’s explanations of some concepts D．McConaghy’s novel merely focuses on the social and scientific impact on the ecosystems 7．If Bob is interested in science and wants to gain more insight into animals’ perception of the world, which of the books should be recommended? A．The Shimmering State B．Dark and Magical Places C．Secret Worlds D．Once There Were Wolves C 【来源】2025届上海市奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试卷 The technological singularity (技术奇点) is a theoretical scenario where technological growth becomes uncontrollable and irreversible, leading to profound and unpredictable changes to human civilization. In theory, this phenomenon is driven by the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) that surpasses human cognitive (认知的) capabilities and can autonomously enhance itself. The theory suggests that such advancements could evolve at a pace so rapid that humans would be unable to foresee or stop the process. The implications of reaching this singularity point could be good or disastrous for the human race. For now,the concept stays within the boundaries of science fiction, but nonetheless, it’s still worth thinking about what such a future might look like,so that humanity might steer AI development in such a way as to promote its civilizational interests. The timeline for reaching the technological singularity is a subject of much debate among experts. Ray Kurzweil, one of the most vocal advocates of the singularity, has famously predicted that the singularity is near and will happen by 2045. His prediction is based on trends such as Moore’s law and the increasing rate of technological advancements in fields such as computing, Al and biotechnology. Other experts cast more doubt on the prediction or propose different timelines. Some suggest that while Al will continue to advance, the complexities and unforeseen challenges of achieving superintelligence might delay the singularity beyond this century, if it happens at all.Systems theorist Richard Coren,in his book The Evolutionary Trajectory, projects a singularity in 2140. Technological, ethical and regulatory challenges might all potentially slow the pace of AI development. Moreover, figures such as Roman Yampolskiy point out that predicting the exact timeline is extremely difficult due to the exceptional nature of the singularity itself. The developments leading to a singularity involve many variables, including breakthroughs in AI algorithms, hardware capabilities and socictal factors that are hard to forecast with accuracy. Eamonn Healy, a professor at St.Edward’s University, assumes the evolution, particularly in terms of technological and intellectual advancement, is proceeding at an ever-increasing pace, compressing what used to take millennia into centuries and even shorter time frames. This concept of the acceleration (加速) of technological advancements echoes the views of futurists such as Ray Kurzweil, who predict that such changes might occur around the mid-21st century. 8．The underlined word “steer” in the passage is closest in meaning to_________. A．quicken B．restrict C．direct D．predict 9．If an expert foresees the singularity in less than 30 years, who might he team up with? A．Ray Kurzweil and Richard Coren. B．Eamonn Healy and Ray Kurzweil. C．Roman Yampolskiy and Eamonn Healy. D．Richard Coren and Roman Yampolskiy. 10．What best describes Roman Yampolskiy’s attitude toward predicting the singularity? A．Reserved. B．Optimistic. C．Indifferent. D．Neutral. 11．Which statement best summarizes the passage? A．The singularity is a guaranteed event with clear benefits. B．The singularity’s timelinc and implications remain uncertain. C．Experts agree the singularity will occur by 2045 without delay. D．AI development is accelerated due to regulatory obstacles. Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 【来源】2025届上海市格致中学高三下学期5月三模英语试卷 If you’re like most people, you think you are smart enough to avoid advertising. 12 That, at least, is what we tell ourselves. But what we tell ourselves is wrong. Advertising works, which is why, even in hard economic times, Madison Avenue is a $34 billion-a-year business. Lindstrom is a practitioner of neuromarketing research, in which consumers are exposed to ads while connected to machines that monitor brain activity, pupil dilation, sweat responses and flickers in facial muscles, all of which are markers of emotion. According to his studies, 83% of all forms of advertising principally engage only one of our senses:sight. Hearing, however, can be just as powerful, though advertisers have taken only limited advantage of it. Historically, ads have relied on slogans to catch our ear, largely ignoring everyday sounds—a steak sizzling, a baby laughing and other noises our bodies can’t help paying attention to. 13 To figure out what most appeals to our ear, Lindstrom wired up his volunteers, then played recordings of dozens of familiar sounds, from MeDonald’s ubiquitous “I’m Lovin’ It” slogan to cigarettes being lit. The sound that blew the doors off(远远胜过)all the rest—both in terms of interest and positive feelings—was a baby giggling. The other high-ranking sounds were less original but still powerful. The repetitive sound of a cell phone was Lindstrom’s second-place winner. Others that followed were an ATM distributing cash and a soda being popped and poured. In all of these cases, it didn’t take a professional to invent the sounds, infuse them with meaning and then play them over and over until the subjects internalized them. 14 TV advertisers aren’t the only ones who may start putting sound to greater use. Retailers are also catching on. The 0101 department store in Japan, for example, has been designed as a series of soundscapes, playing different sound effects such as children at play, birdsongs and lapping water in the sportswear, fragrance and formal-wear sections. Lindstrom is consulting with clients about employing a similar strategy in European supermarkets, piping the sound of fizzing soda into the beverage department. None of this means that advertisers just have to turn the audio dials and consumers will come running. Indeed, sometimes, they flee. In the early years of mainstream cell-phone use, the Nokia ringtone was recognized by 42% people in the UK—and soon became widely disliked. That, Lindstrom says, was partly because so few users practiced cell-phone etiquette and the blasted things kept going off in movie theatres. 15 , because people so often hear it when they are rebooting after their computer has crashed. In these cases, manufacturers themselves must reboot by changing the offending sound slightly or replacing it entirely. A．Weave this stuff into an ad campaign, and we may be powerless to resist it. B．Even when we solve the problem about when advertising works, we need to move on to the larger problem of predicting what works. C．The Microsoft start-up sound has taken on similarly negative associations. D．Major companies realized the importance of taking advantage of consumers’ curiosity about new commodities and make it a marketing strategy. E．Rather, the sounds already had meaning and thus triggered a series of reactions: hunger, thirst, happy expectation. F．You flip right past newspaper ads, never click on ads online and leave the room during TV commercials. 17 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $